Abdominal aortic aneurysm
diseaseOn this page
Also known as aortic aneurysm, familial abdominal 1
Summary
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (MONDO:0005350) is a disease with 36 cohort genes (256 GWAS associations across 22 studies) and 262 clinical trials. The dominant Reactome pathway is Plasma lipoprotein assembly, remodeling, and clearance (4 cohort genes). Top therapeutic interventions include atorvastatin, canakinumab, and evolocumab.
At a glance
- Cohort genes: 36
- GWAS associations: 256
- Clinical trials: 262
Clinical features
No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.
Identifiers
Disease identifiers
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Canonical name | abdominal aortic aneurysm |
| Mondo ID | MONDO:0005350 |
| EFO | EFO:0004214 |
| MeSH | D017544 |
| DOID | DOID:7693 |
| ICD-11 | 1154633768 |
| SNOMED CT | 233985008 |
| UMLS | C0162871 |
| MedGen | 56524 |
| Is cancer (heuristic) | no |
Also known as: aortic aneurysm, familial abdominal 1
Data availability: 256 GWAS associations (22 studies).
Disease family
An umbrella term covering 1 Mondo subtype.
Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › cardiovascular disorder › vascular disorder › arterial disorder › aortic disorder › aortic aneurysm › abdominal aortic aneurysm
Related subtypes (1): thoracic aortic aneurysm
Subtypes (1): familial abdominal aortic aneurysm
Genetics & variants
GWAS landscape
256 GWAS associations across 22 studies. Top hits map to 27 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).
Top associations by p-value
| rsID | p-value | Gene | Risk allele | Odds ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs4977574 | 2e-114 | CDKN2B-AS1 | ? | 0.18 |
| chr9:22093299 | 8e-57 | A | 0.18 | |
| rs10455872 | 2e-55 | LPA | ? | 0.24 |
| rs3827066 | 1e-48 | ZNF335 | ? | 0.16 |
| rs12740374 | 2e-42 | CELSR2 | ? | 0.13 |
| rs7994761 | 1e-39 | LINC00540 - FTH1P7 | ? | 0.14 |
| rs429358 | 5e-39 | APOE | ? | 0.14 |
| rs73015011 | 3e-38 | SMARCA4 | ? | 0.17 |
| rs4936098 | 7e-36 | ADAMTS8, ZBTB44-DT | ? | 0.11 |
| rs17486278 | 2e-35 | CHRNA5 | ? | 0.1 |
| rs2891168 | 8e-35 | CDKN2B-AS1 | G | 0.2 |
| rs140570886 | 1e-34 | LPA | ? | 0.4 |
| rs10757274 | 2e-33 | CDKN2B-AS1 | A | 1.24 |
| rs434182 | 1e-32 | RBBP8-AS1 | ? | 0.1 |
| rs964184 | 1e-31 | ZPR1 | ? | 0.13 |
| rs7025486 | 1e-30 | DAB2IP | ? | 0.1 |
| rs731141 | 3e-30 | HDAC1P1, PLCE1 | ? | 0.09 |
| rs12126142 | 4e-30 | IL6R | ? | 0.09 |
| rs11172113 | 4e-29 | LRP1 | ? | 0.09 |
| rs389877 | 2e-25 | PLTP | G | 0.15 |
| rs17688414 | 2e-24 | SUGCT | ? | 0.09 |
| rs9306894 | 6e-24 | GDF7 | ? | 0.08 |
| rs1660364 | 4e-22 | LINC02775 - SMYD2 | ? | 0.08 |
| chr13:22871446 | 1e-21 | A | 0.14 | |
| rs1892971 | 2e-21 | RNU7-159P - MMP13 | ? | 0.09 |
| chr18:20172405 | 3e-21 | A | 0.11 | |
| rs12857403 | 4e-21 | LINC00540 - FTH1P7 | A | 0.13 |
| rs77925345 | 3e-20 | RNU1-146P - TCP1P3 | ? | 0.14 |
| rs2836411 | 1e-19 | ERG | ? | 0.08 |
| rs2954021 | 2e-19 | TRIB1AL | ? | 0.07 |
Top studies (by case count)
| Study | Lead author | Year | Cases | Controls | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GCST90432152 | Roychowdhury T | 2023 | 37,214 | 997,776 | Genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies risk loci for abdominal aortic aneurysm and highlights PCSK9 as a therapeutic target. |
| GCST90475994 | Verma A | 2024 | 16,289 | 427,111 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90399672 | Zhou W | 2022 | 8,163 | 1,256,755 | Global Biobank Meta-analysis Initiative: Powering genetic discovery across human disease. |
| GCST011495 | Klarin D | 2020 | 7,642 | 172,172 | Genetic Architecture of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in the Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST011496 | Klarin D | 2020 | 7,642 | 172,172 | Genetic Architecture of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in the Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST003877 | Jones GT | 2016 | 4,972 | 99,858 | Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Identifies Four New Disease-Specific Risk Loci. |
| GCST90478019 | Verma A | 2024 | 1,773 | 118,830 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90480202 | Verma A | 2024 | 1,773 | 118,830 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST002193 | Bradley DT | 2013 | 1,755 | 5,314 | A variant in LDLR is associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm. |
| GCST001312 | Bown MJ | 2011 | 1,737 | 5,435 | Abdominal aortic aneurysm is associated with a variant in low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1. |
Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers
Tier distribution (top 50 variants)
| Tier | Variants |
|---|---|
| Tier 1: coding | 3 |
| Tier 2: splice/UTR | 4 |
| Tier 3: regulatory | 1 |
| Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | 42 |
MAF distribution
| Bucket | Variants |
|---|---|
| common (>=0.05) | 50 |
| low_freq (0.01-0.05) | 0 |
| rare (<0.01) | 0 |
| unknown | 0 |
Functional consequences
| Consequence | Count |
|---|---|
| intron_variant | 27 |
| intergenic_variant | 8 |
| unknown | 5 |
| 3_prime_UTR_variant | 4 |
| missense_variant | 3 |
| non_coding_transcript_exon_variant | 2 |
| regulatory_region_variant | 1 |
Top variants
| rsID | Chr | Pos | Alleles | MAF | Consequence | Gene | p-value | Tier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs4977574 | 9 | 22098575 | A>G,T | 0.05 | intron_variant | CDKN2B-AS1 | 2e-114 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| chr9:22093299 | 0.487 | 8e-57 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | |||||
| rs10455872 | 6 | 160589086 | A>G | 0.05 | intron_variant | LPA | 2e-55 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs3827066 | 20 | 45957384 | C>T | 0.05 | intron_variant | ZNF335 | 1e-48 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs12740374 | 1 | 109274968 | G>T | 0.05 | 3_prime_UTR_variant | CELSR2 | 2e-42 | Tier 2: splice/UTR |
| rs7994761 | 13 | 22297307 | A>G,T | 0.05 | intergenic_variant | LINC00540 - FTH1P7 | 1e-39 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs429358 | 19 | 44908684 | T>C | 0.05 | missense_variant | APOE | 5e-39 | Tier 1: coding |
| rs73015011 | 19 | 11079088 | T>C | 0.05 | intergenic_variant | SMARCA4 | 3e-38 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs4936098 | 11 | 130410772 | A>G,T | 0.05 | intron_variant | ADAMTS8, ZBTB44-DT | 7e-36 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs17486278 | 15 | 78575140 | A>C | 0.05 | intron_variant | CHRNA5 | 2e-35 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs2891168 | 9 | 22098620 | A>G | 0.464 | intron_variant | CDKN2B-AS1 | 8e-35 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs140570886 | 6 | 160591981 | T>C | 0.05 | intron_variant | LPA | 1e-34 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs10757274 | 9 | 22096056 | A>C,G,T | 0.462 | intron_variant | CDKN2B-AS1 | 2e-33 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs434182 | 18 | 22702893 | C>A,G,T | 0.05 | intron_variant | RBBP8-AS1 | 1e-32 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs964184 | 11 | 116778201 | G>C | 0.05 | 3_prime_UTR_variant | ZPR1 | 1e-31 | Tier 2: splice/UTR |
| rs7025486 | 9 | 121660124 | G>A | 0.05 | intron_variant | DAB2IP | 1e-30 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs731141 | 10 | 94138924 | G>A | 0.05 | non_coding_transcript_exon_variant | HDAC1P1, PLCE1 | 3e-30 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs12126142 | 1 | 154452980 | G>A,C | 0.05 | intron_variant | IL6R | 4e-30 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs11172113 | 12 | 57133500 | T>C,G | 0.05 | intron_variant | LRP1 | 4e-29 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs389877 | 20 | 45903845 | G>A,C,T | 0.204 | intron_variant | PLTP | 2e-25 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs17688414 | 7 | 40801371 | C>G,T | 0.05 | intron_variant | SUGCT | 2e-24 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs9306894 | 2 | 20678345 | A>G | 0.05 | 3_prime_UTR_variant | GDF7 | 6e-24 | Tier 2: splice/UTR |
| rs1660364 | 1 | 214232262 | A>C,T | 0.05 | intron_variant | LINC02775 - SMYD2 | 4e-22 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| chr13:22871446 | 0.219 | 1e-21 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | |||||
| rs1892971 | 11 | 102924877 | G>A | 0.05 | regulatory_region_variant | RNU7-159P - MMP13 | 2e-21 | Tier 3: regulatory |
| chr18:20172405 | 0.497 | 3e-21 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | |||||
| rs12857403 | 13 | 22291470 | A>G,T | 0.236 | intergenic_variant | LINC00540 - FTH1P7 | 4e-21 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs77925345 | 12 | 19777560 | A>G | 0.05 | intron_variant | RNU1-146P - TCP1P3 | 3e-20 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs2836411 | 21 | 38447907 | C>A,T | 0.05 | intron_variant | ERG | 1e-19 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs2954021 | 8 | 125469835 | A>G | 0.05 | intron_variant | TRIB1AL | 2e-19 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
Genes & proteins
Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers
GenCC: 0 · Orphanet: 36 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 1
Dual-evidence genes (GWAS + Mendelian — highest-confidence targets)
| Gene | HGNC | Evidence routes |
|---|---|---|
| FBN1 | FBN1 | GWAS, Orphanet |
Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)
| Gene | Orphanet ID | Rare disease |
|---|---|---|
| ZNF335 | Orphanet:329228 | Microcephalic primordial dwarfism due to ZNF335 deficiency |
| FERMT1 | Orphanet:2908 | Kindler epidermolysis bullosa |
| APOA5 | Orphanet:530849 | Familial apolipoprotein A5 deficiency |
| CDKN2A | Orphanet:1333 | Familial pancreatic carcinoma |
| CDKN2A | Orphanet:1501 | Adrenocortical carcinoma |
| CDKN2A | Orphanet:252206 | Melanoma and neural system tumor syndrome |
| CDKN2A | Orphanet:404560 | Familial atypical multiple mole melanoma syndrome |
| CDKN2A | Orphanet:524 | Li-Fraumeni syndrome |
| CDKN2A | Orphanet:585909 | B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2) |
| CDKN2A | Orphanet:618 | Familial melanoma |
| CDKN2A | Orphanet:99861 | Precursor T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia |
| CDKN2B | Orphanet:618 | Familial melanoma |
| CDKN2B | Orphanet:652 | Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 |
| PCSK9 | Orphanet:391665 | Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia |
| ERG | Orphanet:319 | Skeletal Ewing sarcoma |
| ERG | Orphanet:370334 | Extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma |
| FBN1 | Orphanet:1885 | Isolated ectopia lentis |
| FBN1 | Orphanet:2084 | Glaucoma-ectopia lentis-microspherophakia-stiff joints-short stature syndrome |
| FBN1 | Orphanet:2462 | Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome |
| FBN1 | Orphanet:2623 | Geleophysic dysplasia |
| FBN1 | Orphanet:2833 | Stiff skin syndrome |
| FBN1 | Orphanet:284963 | Marfan syndrome type 1 |
| FBN1 | Orphanet:284979 | Neonatal Marfan syndrome |
| FBN1 | Orphanet:300382 | Progeroid and marfanoid aspect-lipodystrophy syndrome |
| FBN1 | Orphanet:3449 | Weill-Marchesani syndrome |
| FBN1 | Orphanet:91387 | Familial thoracic aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection |
| FBN1 | Orphanet:969 | Acromicric dysplasia |
| IL6R | Orphanet:656326 | Autosomal recessive combined immunodeficiency due to IL6R deficiency |
| APOE | Orphanet:329481 | Lipoprotein glomerulopathy |
| APOE | Orphanet:412 | Dysbetalipoproteinemia |
| LDLR | Orphanet:391665 | Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia |
| LRP1 | Orphanet:2340 | Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans |
| LRP1 | Orphanet:79100 | Atrophoderma vermiculata |
| MMP9 | Orphanet:1040 | Metaphyseal anadysplasia |
| RBBP8 | Orphanet:313795 | Jawad syndrome |
| RBBP8 | Orphanet:808 | Seckel syndrome |
Cohort genes → proteins
36 cohort genes, 34 distinct canonical proteins.
Evidence partition
| Subset | Genes |
|---|---|
| gwas_only | 36 |
Cohort genes (full)
| Symbol | HGNC | Ensembl | UniProt | Name | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SORT1 | HGNC:11186 | ENSG00000134243 | Q99523 | Sortilin | gwas |
| ZPR1 | HGNC:13051 | ENSG00000109917 | O75312 | Zinc finger protein ZPR1 | gwas |
| MEPE | HGNC:13361 | ENSG00000152595 | Q9NQ76 | Matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein | gwas |
| ZNF335 | HGNC:15807 | ENSG00000198026 | Q9H4Z2 | Zinc finger protein 335 | gwas |
| FERMT1 | HGNC:15889 | ENSG00000101311 | Q9BQL6 | Fermitin family homolog 1 | gwas |
| ABHD16B | HGNC:16128 | ENSG00000183260 | Q9H3Z7 | ABHD16B | gwas |
| PCIF1 | HGNC:16200 | ENSG00000100982 | Q9H4Z3 | mRNA (2’-O-methyladenosine-N(6)-)-methyltransferase | gwas |
| TRIB1 | HGNC:16891 | ENSG00000173334 | Q96RU8 | Tribbles homolog 1 | gwas |
| APOA5 | HGNC:17288 | ENSG00000110243 | Q6Q788 | Apolipoprotein A-V | gwas |
| DAB2IP | HGNC:17294 | ENSG00000136848 | Q5VWQ8 | Disabled homolog 2-interacting protein | gwas |
| CDKN2A | HGNC:1787 | ENSG00000147889 | P42771 | Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A | gwas |
| CDKN2B | HGNC:1788 | ENSG00000147883 | P42772 | Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor B | gwas |
| SCGB1D1 | HGNC:18395 | ENSG00000168515 | O95968 | Secretoglobin family 1D member 1 | gwas |
| CHRNA3 | HGNC:1957 | ENSG00000080644 | P32297 | Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3 | gwas |
| PCSK9 | HGNC:20001 | ENSG00000169174 | Q8NBP7 | Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 | gwas |
| SMYD2 | HGNC:20982 | ENSG00000143499 | Q9NRG4 | N-lysine methyltransferase SMYD2 | gwas |
| ADAMTS8 | HGNC:224 | ENSG00000134917 | Q9UP79 | A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 8 | gwas |
| CTAGE1 | HGNC:24346 | ENSG00000212710 | Q96RT6 | cTAGE family member 2 | gwas |
| PSRC1 | HGNC:24472 | ENSG00000134222 | Q6PGN9 | Proline/serine-rich coiled-coil protein 1 | gwas |
| CRISPLD2 | HGNC:25248 | ENSG00000103196 | Q9H0B8 | Cysteine-rich secretory protein LCCL domain-containing 2 | gwas |
| ANKRD44 | HGNC:25259 | ENSG00000065413 | Q8N8A2 | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 6 regulatory ankyrin repeat subunit B | gwas |
| LDAH | HGNC:26145 | ENSG00000118961 | Q9H6V9 | Lipid droplet-associated hydrolase | gwas |
| CELSR2 | HGNC:3231 | ENSG00000143126 | Q9HCU4 | Cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 2 | gwas |
| CDPF1 | HGNC:33710 | ENSG00000205643 | Q6NVV7 | Cysteine-rich DPF motif domain-containing protein 1 | gwas |
| CDKN2B-AS1 | HGNC:34341 | ENSG00000240498 | CDKN2B and CDKN2A antisense cis and trans regulatory RNA 1 | gwas | |
| ERG | HGNC:3446 | ENSG00000157554 | P11308 | Transcriptional regulator ERG | gwas |
| FBN1 | HGNC:3603 | ENSG00000166147 | P35555 | Fibrillin-1 | gwas |
| GDF7 | HGNC:4222 | ENSG00000143869 | Q7Z4P5 | Growth/differentiation factor 7 | gwas |
| LINC00540 | HGNC:43673 | ENSG00000276476 | long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 540 | gwas | |
| IL6R | HGNC:6019 | ENSG00000160712 | P08887 | Interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha | gwas |
| APOE | HGNC:613 | ENSG00000130203 | P02649 | Apolipoprotein E | gwas |
| LDLR | HGNC:6547 | ENSG00000130164 | P01130 | Low-density lipoprotein receptor | gwas |
| LPA | HGNC:6667 | ENSG00000198670 | P08519 | Apolipoprotein(a) | gwas |
| LRP1 | HGNC:6692 | ENSG00000123384 | Q07954 | Prolow-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 | gwas |
| MMP9 | HGNC:7176 | ENSG00000100985 | P14780 | Matrix metalloproteinase-9 | gwas |
| RBBP8 | HGNC:9891 | ENSG00000101773 | Q99708 | DNA endonuclease RBBP8 | gwas |
Cohort function summary
Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.
| Symbol | Protein name | Function (lead sentence) |
|---|---|---|
| SORT1 | Sortilin | Functions as a sorting receptor in the Golgi compartment and as a clearance receptor on the cell surface. |
| ZPR1 | Zinc finger protein ZPR1 | Acts as a signaling molecule that communicates proliferative growth signals from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. |
| MEPE | Matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein | Promotes renal phosphate excretion and inhibits intestinal phosphate absorption. |
| ZNF335 | Zinc finger protein 335 | Component or associated component of some histone methyltransferase complexes may regulate transcription through recruitment of those complexes on gene promoters. |
| FERMT1 | Fermitin family homolog 1 | Involved in cell adhesion. |
| ABHD16B | ABHD16B | Hydrolyzes the sn-1 position of glycerophospholipids with high specificity towards phosphatidylserine (PS), PS-PLA1 enzyme. |
| PCIF1 | mRNA (2’-O-methyladenosine-N(6)-)-methyltransferase | Cap-specific adenosine methyltransferase that catalyzes formation of N(6),2’-O-dimethyladenosine cap (m6A(m)) by methylating the adenosine at the second transcribed position of capped mRNAs. |
| TRIB1 | Tribbles homolog 1 | Adapter protein involved in protein degradation by interacting with COP1 ubiquitin ligase. |
| APOA5 | Apolipoprotein A-V | Minor apolipoprotein mainly associated with HDL and to a lesser extent with VLDL. |
| DAB2IP | Disabled homolog 2-interacting protein | Functions as a scaffold protein implicated in the regulation of a large spectrum of both general and specialized signaling pathways. |
| CDKN2A | Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A | Acts as a negative regulator of the proliferation of normal cells by interacting strongly with CDK4 and CDK6. |
| CDKN2B | Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor B | Interacts strongly with CDK4 and CDK6. |
| SCGB1D1 | Secretoglobin family 1D member 1 | May bind androgens and other steroids, may also bind estramustine, a chemotherapeutic agent used for prostate cancer. |
| CHRNA3 | Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3 | Component of neuronal acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) that function as pentameric, ligand-gated cation channels with high calcium permeability among other activities. nAChRs are excitatory neurotrasnmitter receptors formed by a collection… |
| PCSK9 | Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 | Crucial player in the regulation of plasma cholesterol homeostasis. |
| SMYD2 | N-lysine methyltransferase SMYD2 | Protein-lysine N-methyltransferase that methylates both histones and non-histone proteins, including p53/TP53 and RB1. |
| ADAMTS8 | A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 8 | Has anti-angiogenic properties. |
| PSRC1 | Proline/serine-rich coiled-coil protein 1 | Required for normal progression through mitosis. |
| CRISPLD2 | Cysteine-rich secretory protein LCCL domain-containing 2 | Promotes matrix assembly. |
| ANKRD44 | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 6 regulatory ankyrin repeat subunit B | Putative regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 6 (PP6) that may be involved in the recognition of phosphoprotein substrates. |
| LDAH | Lipid droplet-associated hydrolase | Probable serine lipid hydrolase associated with lipid droplets. |
| CELSR2 | Cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 2 | Receptor that may have an important role in cell/cell signaling during nervous system formation. |
| ERG | Transcriptional regulator ERG | Transcriptional regulator. |
| FBN1 | Fibrillin-1 | Structural component of the 10-12 nm diameter microfibrils of the extracellular matrix, which conveys both structural and regulatory properties to load-bearing connective tissues. |
| GDF7 | Growth/differentiation factor 7 | May play an active role in the motor area of the primate neocortex. |
| IL6R | Interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha | Part of the receptor for interleukin 6. |
| APOE | Apolipoprotein E | APOE is an apolipoprotein, a protein associating with lipid particles, that mainly functions in lipoprotein-mediated lipid transport between organs via the plasma and interstitial fluids. |
| LDLR | Low-density lipoprotein receptor | Binds low density lipoprotein /LDL, the major cholesterol-carrying lipoprotein of plasma, and transports it into cells by endocytosis. |
| LPA | Apolipoprotein(a) | Apo(a) is the main constituent of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)). |
| LRP1 | Prolow-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 | Endocytic receptor involved in endocytosis and in phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. |
| MMP9 | Matrix metalloproteinase-9 | Matrix metalloproteinase that plays an essential role in local proteolysis of the extracellular matrix and in leukocyte migration. |
| RBBP8 | DNA endonuclease RBBP8 | Endonuclease that cooperates with the MRE11-RAD50-NBN (MRN) complex in DNA-end resection, the first step of double-strand break (DSB) repair through the homologous recombination (HR) pathway. |
Protein-family classification
Druggable: 7 · Difficult: 10 · Unknown: 19 · Druggable fraction: 0.19
Family distribution
Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.
| Family | Genes | Fold | FDR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Scaffold/PPI | 7 | 3.4× | 0.028 |
| Protease | 4 | 4.1× | 0.057 |
| Other/Unknown | 19 | 0.9× | 0.828 |
| Antibody/Immunoglobulin | 1 | 0.8× | 0.828 |
| Kinase | 1 | 0.8× | 0.828 |
| Transcription factor | 3 | 0.7× | 0.828 |
| GPCR | 1 | 0.7× | 0.828 |
Per-gene assignment
| Symbol | Family | Druggable? | EC | InterPro (top 3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SORT1 | Scaffold/PPI | no | VPS10, WD40/YVTN_repeat-like_dom_sf, Sortilin_C | |
| ZPR1 | Transcription factor | no | Znf_ZPR1, ZPR1, ZPR1_A/B_dom | |
| MEPE | Other/Unknown | no | MEPE | |
| ZNF335 | Transcription factor | no | Znf_C2H2_type, Znf_C2H2_sf, Zinc_finger/UBP_domain | |
| FERMT1 | Scaffold/PPI | no | PH_domain, PH-like_dom_sf, FERM_central | |
| ABHD16B | Other/Unknown | no | AB_hydrolase_1, AB_hydrolase_fold | |
| PCIF1 | Scaffold/PPI | no | WW_dom, PCIF1_WW, HSP70_C_sf | |
| TRIB1 | Kinase | yes | Prot_kinase_dom, Kinase-like_dom_sf, Tribbles/Ser_Thr_kinase_40 | |
| APOA5 | Other/Unknown | no | ApoA_E, Apolipoprotein_A1/A4/E | |
| DAB2IP | Scaffold/PPI | no | C2_dom, PH_domain, RasGAP_dom | |
| CDKN2A | Scaffold/PPI | no | Ankyrin_rpt-contain_sf, Ank_Repeat/CDKN_Inhibitor, Tumor_suppres_ARF | |
| CDKN2B | Scaffold/PPI | no | Ankyrin_rpt, Ankyrin_rpt-contain_sf, Ank_Repeat/CDKN_Inhibitor | |
| SCGB1D1 | Other/Unknown | no | Secretoglobin, Secretoglobin_sf | |
| CHRNA3 | Other/Unknown | no | Nicotinic_acetylcholine_rcpt, Neurotrans-gated_channel_TM, Neur_channel | |
| PCSK9 | Protease | yes | 3.4.21.61 | Peptidase_S8/S53_dom, S8pro/Inhibitor_I9, Peptidase_S8_subtilisin-rel |
| SMYD2 | Transcription factor | no | SET_dom, Znf_MYND, TPR-like_helical_dom_sf | |
| ADAMTS8 | Protease | yes | TSP1_rpt, Peptidase_M12B, Peptidase_M12B_N | |
| CTAGE1 | Other/Unknown | no | cTAGE_MIA/OTOR | |
| PSRC1 | Other/Unknown | no | DDA3/GTSE-1, GTSE1_N | |
| CRISPLD2 | Other/Unknown | no | CRISP-related, LCCL, CAP_dom | |
| ANKRD44 | Scaffold/PPI | no | Ankyrin_rpt, Ankyrin_rpt-contain_sf | |
| LDAH | Other/Unknown | no | LDAH, AB_hydrolase_fold | |
| CELSR2 | GPCR | yes | EGF-type_Asp/Asn_hydroxyl_site, GPS, EGF | |
| CDPF1 | Other/Unknown | no | CDPF1_dom, CDPF1 | |
| CDKN2B-AS1 | Other/Unknown | no | ||
| ERG | Other/Unknown | no | Ets_dom, Pointed_dom, SAM/pointed_sf | |
| FBN1 | Other/Unknown | no | EGF-type_Asp/Asn_hydroxyl_site, EGF, EGF-like_Ca-bd_dom | |
| GDF7 | Other/Unknown | no | TGF-b_propeptide, TGF-b_C, TGF-beta-like | |
| LINC00540 | Other/Unknown | no | ||
| IL6R | Antibody/Immunoglobulin | yes | Hematopoietin_rcpt_L_F3_CS, Ig_sub2, Ig_sub | |
| APOE | Other/Unknown | no | ApoA_E, Apolipoprotein_A1/A4/E | |
| LDLR | Other/Unknown | no | LDLR_classB_rpt, EGF-type_Asp/Asn_hydroxyl_site, EGF | |
| LPA | Protease | yes | Kringle, Trypsin_dom, Peptidase_S1A | |
| LRP1 | Other/Unknown | no | LDLR_classB_rpt, EGF-type_Asp/Asn_hydroxyl_site, EGF | |
| MMP9 | Protease | yes | 3.4.24.35 | FN_type2_dom, Hemopexin-like_dom, Pept_M10_metallopeptidase |
| RBBP8 | Other/Unknown | no | Ctp1_C, CtIP_N, RBBP8-like |
Expression context
Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.
30 cohort genes are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.
Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)
| Bucket | Genes |
|---|---|
| narrow (1-5 tissues) | 0 |
| moderate (6-20) | 1 |
| broad (>20) | 35 |
| unknown | 0 |
Top tissues across cohort
| Tissue | Cohort genes |
|---|---|
| male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis | 4 |
| right testis | 3 |
| tibia | 3 |
| right lobe of liver | 3 |
| primordial germ cell in gonad | 3 |
| adrenal tissue | 3 |
| ganglionic eminence | 2 |
| periodontal ligament | 2 |
| trabecular bone tissue | 2 |
| cerebellar hemisphere | 2 |
| right hemisphere of cerebellum | 2 |
| colonic mucosa | 2 |
| mucosa of sigmoid colon | 2 |
| left testis | 2 |
| testis | 2 |
| liver | 2 |
| blood vessel layer | 2 |
| choroid plexus epithelium | 2 |
| mucosa of transverse colon | 2 |
| apex of heart | 2 |
Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)
| Symbol | Bgee breadth | FANTOM5 breadth | SCXA | Top tissues |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SORT1 | 291 | ubiquitous | marker | inferior vagus X ganglion, corpus epididymis, subthalamic nucleus |
| ZPR1 | 267 | ubiquitous | marker | cortical plate, ganglionic eminence, right testis |
| MEPE | 52 | tissue_specific | marker | tibia, periodontal ligament, trabecular bone tissue |
| ZNF335 | 199 | ubiquitous | marker | granulocyte, right hemisphere of cerebellum, cerebellar hemisphere |
| FERMT1 | 235 | ubiquitous | marker | mucosa of sigmoid colon, colonic mucosa, gingival epithelium |
| ABHD16B | 106 | yes | right testis, left testis, testis | |
| PCIF1 | 231 | ubiquitous | marker | mucosa of stomach, body of uterus, left uterine tube |
| TRIB1 | 280 | ubiquitous | marker | mucosa of urinary bladder, mucosa of sigmoid colon, visceral pleura |
| APOA5 | 45 | tissue_specific | yes | right lobe of liver, liver, skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis |
| DAB2IP | 254 | ubiquitous | marker | right hemisphere of cerebellum, cerebellar hemisphere, cerebellar cortex |
| CDKN2A | 220 | ubiquitous | marker | parotid gland, cervix squamous epithelium, pituitary gland |
| CDKN2B | 219 | ubiquitous | marker | jejunal mucosa, colonic mucosa, lower esophagus mucosa |
| SCGB1D1 | 34 | tissue_specific | marker | right uterine tube, blood vessel layer, choroid plexus epithelium |
| CHRNA3 | 179 | broad | marker | pigmented layer of retina, thymus, primordial germ cell in gonad |
| PCSK9 | 147 | broad | marker | right lobe of liver, mucosa of transverse colon, male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis |
| SMYD2 | 285 | ubiquitous | marker | left ventricle myocardium, heart right ventricle, apex of heart |
| ADAMTS8 | 197 | tissue_specific | marker | middle temporal gyrus, upper lobe of left lung, upper lobe of lung |
| CTAGE1 | 13 | tissue_specific | yes | right testis, left testis, testis |
| PSRC1 | 222 | ubiquitous | yes | C1 segment of cervical spinal cord, ventricular zone, spinal cord |
| CRISPLD2 | 278 | ubiquitous | marker | decidua, tibia, pericardium |
| ANKRD44 | 248 | ubiquitous | marker | monocyte, leukocyte, bone marrow cell |
| LDAH | 254 | ubiquitous | marker | adrenal tissue, male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis, islet of Langerhans |
| CELSR2 | 248 | ubiquitous | marker | ganglionic eminence, ventricular zone, right frontal lobe |
| CDPF1 | 174 | ubiquitous | yes | pancreatic ductal cell, tibialis anterior, apex of heart |
| CDKN2B-AS1 | 169 | ubiquitous | marker | mucosa of transverse colon, rectum, transverse colon |
| ERG | 247 | broad | marker | tendon of biceps brachii, descending thoracic aorta, thoracic aorta |
| FBN1 | 275 | ubiquitous | marker | synovial joint, skin of hip, decidua |
| GDF7 | 168 | broad | marker | seminal vesicle, endometrium, blood vessel layer |
| LINC00540 | 136 | broad | yes | male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis, primordial germ cell in gonad, buccal mucosa cell |
| IL6R | 271 | ubiquitous | marker | blood, monocyte, leukocyte |
Protein interactions among cohort
Intra-cohort edges: 19.
Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)
| Symbol | Interactor count |
|---|---|
| CDKN2A | 9,311 |
| APOE | 6,793 |
| MMP9 | 6,708 |
| FBN1 | 3,640 |
| CDKN2B | 3,431 |
| RBBP8 | 3,235 |
| PCSK9 | 2,994 |
| IL6R | 2,805 |
| LRP1 | 2,662 |
| ZPR1 | 2,581 |
Intra-cohort edges
| A | B | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| APOA5 | APOE | string_interaction |
| APOA5 | PSRC1 | string_interaction |
| APOA5 | TRIB1 | string_interaction |
| APOA5 | ZPR1 | string_interaction |
| APOE | LDLR | intact |
| APOE | LPA | string_interaction |
| APOE | LRP1 | intact, string_interaction |
| CDKN2A | CDKN2B | biogrid_interaction |
| CELSR2 | PCSK9 | string_interaction |
| CELSR2 | PSRC1 | string_interaction |
| CELSR2 | SORT1 | string_interaction |
| LDLR | PCSK9 | biogrid_interaction, intact, string_interaction |
| LPA | PCSK9 | string_interaction |
| LRP1 | MMP9 | string_interaction |
| PCIF1 | ZNF335 | string_interaction |
| PCSK9 | PSRC1 | string_interaction |
| PCSK9 | SORT1 | string_interaction |
| PSRC1 | SORT1 | string_interaction |
| SORT1 | TRIB1 | string_interaction |
Structural data
PDB: 16 · AlphaFold-only: 18 · No structure: 2
Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)
| Symbol | UniProt | PDB entries |
|---|---|---|
| PCSK9 | Q8NBP7 | 65 |
| LDLR | P01130 | 36 |
| APOE | P02649 | 29 |
| MMP9 | P14780 | 29 |
| SMYD2 | Q9NRG4 | 25 |
| SORT1 | Q99523 | 17 |
| LPA | P08519 | 16 |
| FBN1 | P35555 | 11 |
| IL6R | P08887 | 10 |
| ERG | P11308 | 8 |
| LRP1 | Q07954 | 7 |
| TRIB1 | Q96RU8 | 5 |
| CDKN2A | P42771 | 5 |
| CHRNA3 | P32297 | 5 |
| RBBP8 | Q99708 | 4 |
| PCIF1 | Q9H4Z3 | 3 |
AlphaFold-only cohort genes (top 30 by pLDDT)
| Symbol | UniProt | pLDDT |
|---|---|---|
| LDAH | Q9H6V9 | 90.59 |
| ANKRD44 | Q8N8A2 | 90.57 |
| CDKN2B | P42772 | 90.12 |
| SCGB1D1 | O95968 | 89.74 |
| CDPF1 | Q6NVV7 | 87.30 |
| ABHD16B | Q9H3Z7 | 86.64 |
| FERMT1 | Q9BQL6 | 81.14 |
| CRISPLD2 | Q9H0B8 | 80.67 |
| ADAMTS8 | Q9UP79 | 80.22 |
| ZPR1 | O75312 | 80.11 |
| APOA5 | Q6Q788 | 72.38 |
| GDF7 | Q7Z4P5 | 72.03 |
| CTAGE1 | Q96RT6 | 70.45 |
| DAB2IP | Q5VWQ8 | 65.74 |
| PSRC1 | Q6PGN9 | 57.83 |
| ZNF335 | Q9H4Z2 | 52.13 |
| MEPE | Q9NQ76 | 43.45 |
| CELSR2 | Q9HCU4 |
Function
Pathway analysis
Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 173. Enrichment computed across 36 evidence-associated genes (21 with Reactome annotation).
Pathways by enrichment
Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 21 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.
| Pathway | Cohort genes | Fold | FDR | Sample cohort genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plasma lipoprotein assembly, remodeling, and clearance | 4 | 43.5× | 2e-04 | APOA5, APOE, LDLR, LPA |
| Post-translational protein phosphorylation | 5 | 23.9× | 2e-04 | MEPE, APOA5, PCSK9, FBN1, APOE |
| Regulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) transport and uptake by Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBPs) | 5 | 20.6× | 2e-04 | MEPE, APOA5, PCSK9, FBN1, APOE |
| Plasma lipoprotein remodeling | 3 | 68.0× | 5e-04 | APOA5, APOE, LPA |
| Metabolism of fat-soluble vitamins | 3 | 54.4× | 7e-04 | APOE, LDLR, LRP1 |
| Chylomicron clearance | 2 | 217.5× | 9e-04 | APOE, LDLR |
| Visual phototransduction | 3 | 37.1× | 0.002 | APOE, LDLR, LRP1 |
| Retinoid metabolism and transport | 3 | 35.5× | 0.002 | APOE, LDLR, LRP1 |
| Chylomicron remodeling | 2 | 108.8× | 0.003 | APOA5, APOE |
| Binding and Uptake of Ligands by Scavenger Receptors | 2 | 51.8× | 0.010 | APOE, LRP1 |
| LDL clearance | 2 | 51.8× | 0.010 | PCSK9, LDLR |
| Degradation of the extracellular matrix | 3 | 16.8× | 0.010 | ADAMTS8, FBN1, MMP9 |
| Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors | 3 | 16.6× | 0.010 | APOE, LDLR, LRP1 |
| Plasma lipoprotein clearance | 2 | 45.3× | 0.011 | APOE, LDLR |
| G1 Phase | 2 | 37.5× | 0.014 | CDKN2A, CDKN2B |
| Sensory Perception | 3 | 13.6× | 0.014 | APOE, LDLR, LRP1 |
| Evasion of Oncogene Induced Senescence Due to p14ARF Defects | 1 | 543.8× | 0.017 | CDKN2A |
| Evasion of Oxidative Stress Induced Senescence Due to p14ARF Defects | 1 | 543.8× | 0.017 | CDKN2A |
| Oncogene Induced Senescence | 2 | 32.0× | 0.017 | CDKN2A, CDKN2B |
| Vesicle-mediated transport | 4 | 6.6× | 0.023 | SORT1, APOE, LDLR, LRP1 |
| Evasion of Oncogene Induced Senescence Due to Defective p16INK4A binding to CDK4 | 1 | 271.9× | 0.026 | CDKN2A |
| Evasion of Oxidative Stress Induced Senescence Due to Defective p16INK4A binding to CDK4 | 1 | 271.9× | 0.026 | CDKN2A |
| Defective Intrinsic Pathway for Apoptosis Due to p14ARF Loss of Function | 1 | 271.9× | 0.026 | CDKN2A |
| Cyclin D associated events in G1 | 2 | 22.2× | 0.026 | CDKN2A, CDKN2B |
| Post-translational protein modification | 5 | 4.6× | 0.026 | MEPE, APOA5, CDKN2A, ADAMTS8, APOE |
| Diseases of Cellular Senescence | 1 | 181.3× | 0.031 | CDKN2A |
| Evasion of Oncogene Induced Senescence Due to p16INK4A Defects | 1 | 181.3× | 0.031 | CDKN2A |
| Evasion of Oncogene Induced Senescence Due to Defective p16INK4A binding to CDK4 and CDK6 | 1 | 181.3× | 0.031 | CDKN2A |
| Evasion of Oxidative Stress Induced Senescence Due to p16INK4A Defects | 1 | 181.3× | 0.031 | CDKN2A |
| Evasion of Oxidative Stress Induced Senescence Due to Defective p16INK4A binding to CDK4 and CDK6 | 1 | 181.3× | 0.031 | CDKN2A |
GO biological processes by enrichment
Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 31 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.
| GO term | Cohort genes | Fold | FDR | Sample cohort genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| cholesterol homeostasis | 5 | 25.2× | 7e-04 | APOA5, PCSK9, LDAH, APOE, LDLR |
| positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor catabolic process | 2 | 362.4× | 0.002 | PCSK9, APOE |
| negative regulation of receptor recycling | 2 | 217.4× | 0.002 | PCSK9, LDLR |
| very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance | 2 | 217.4× | 0.002 | APOA5, APOE |
| acylglycerol homeostasis | 2 | 217.4× | 0.002 | APOA5, APOE |
| positive regulation of lysosomal protein catabolic process | 2 | 217.4× | 0.002 | LDLR, LRP1 |
| cholesterol metabolic process | 4 | 25.3× | 0.002 | APOA5, PCSK9, APOE, LDLR |
| triglyceride metabolic process | 3 | 42.9× | 0.003 | APOA5, PCSK9, APOE |
| high-density lipoprotein particle clearance | 2 | 155.3× | 0.003 | APOE, LDLR |
| lipoprotein catabolic process | 2 | 155.3× | 0.003 | APOE, LDLR |
| regulation of protein metabolic process | 2 | 135.9× | 0.003 | APOE, LDLR |
| negative regulation of protein metabolic process | 2 | 135.9× | 0.003 | APOE, LDLR |
| amyloid-beta clearance by cellular catabolic process | 2 | 135.9× | 0.003 | LDLR, LRP1 |
| positive regulation of amyloid-beta clearance | 2 | 135.9× | 0.003 | APOE, LRP1 |
| negative regulation of MAPK cascade | 3 | 29.1× | 0.005 | TRIB1, DAB2IP, APOE |
| negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance | 2 | 98.8× | 0.005 | PCSK9, LDLR |
| negative regulation of smooth muscle cell migration | 2 | 98.8× | 0.005 | TRIB1, LRP1 |
| response to caloric restriction | 2 | 98.8× | 0.005 | APOE, LDLR |
| negative regulation of amyloid fibril formation | 2 | 83.6× | 0.007 | APOE, LDLR |
| phospholipid efflux | 2 | 72.5× | 0.008 | APOA5, APOE |
| regulation of cholesterol metabolic process | 2 | 72.5× | 0.008 | APOE, LDLR |
| receptor-mediated endocytosis | 3 | 21.5× | 0.008 | APOE, LDLR, LRP1 |
| lipoprotein metabolic process | 2 | 60.4× | 0.010 | APOA5, PCSK9 |
| amyloid-beta clearance | 2 | 60.4× | 0.010 | LDLR, LRP1 |
| synaptic transmission, cholinergic | 2 | 51.8× | 0.013 | CHRNA3, APOE |
| positive regulation of endocytosis | 2 | 51.8× | 0.013 | APOE, LRP1 |
| negative regulation of endothelial cell migration | 2 | 49.4× | 0.013 | DAB2IP, APOE |
| negative regulation of cell population proliferation | 5 | 6.8× | 0.013 | DAB2IP, CDKN2A, CDKN2B, SMYD2, ADAMTS8 |
| regulation of protein-containing complex assembly | 2 | 47.3× | 0.014 | DAB2IP, APOE |
| lysosomal transport | 2 | 45.3× | 0.015 | PCSK9, LRP1 |
Therapeutics
Drugs indicated for this disease
0 approved, 1 in late-stage (phase 3) trials. Disease-direct ChEMBL indications, not inferred from the associated-gene cohort below.
| Drug | Development status |
|---|---|
| Tranexamic Acid | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
Earlier-phase candidates (phase 2, investigational — efficacy not yet established): Amlodipine, Canakinumab, Cyclosporine, Metformin, Pemirolast, Perindopril, Ticagrelor.
Drug target analysis
Approved (phase 4): 4 · Phase ≥3: 5 · Phased (≥1): 5 · Undrugged: 31
Druggability breadth: 15 of 36 evidence-associated genes (42%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).
Genes with an approved drug
The molecule shown is one approved compound that hits the gene — not necessarily a drug of choice or one indicated for this disease.
| Symbol | Example approved molecule |
|---|---|
| CHRNA3 | VARENICLINE |
| PCSK9 | NILOTINIB |
| LDLR | NILOTINIB |
| MMP9 | CHLOROXINE |
Top cohort targets by molecule count
| Symbol | Molecules | Max phase |
|---|---|---|
| MMP9 | 26 | 4 |
| CHRNA3 | 21 | 4 |
| SORT1 | 1 | 3 |
| PCSK9 | 1 | 4 |
| LDLR | 1 | 4 |
| ZPR1 | 0 | 0 |
| MEPE | 0 | 0 |
| ZNF335 | 0 | 0 |
| FERMT1 | 0 | 0 |
| ABHD16B | 0 | 0 |
Drugs targeting cohort genes (top 30)
| Molecule | Max phase | Targets in cohort |
|---|---|---|
| VARENICLINE | 4 | CHRNA3 |
| MECAMYLAMINE | 4 | CHRNA3 |
| NICOTINE | 4 | CHRNA3 |
| ONDANSETRON | 4 | CHRNA3 |
| TROPISETRON | 4 | CHRNA3 |
| ACETYLCHOLINE | 4 | CHRNA3 |
| BUPROPION | 4 | CHRNA3 |
| GRANISETRON | 4 | CHRNA3 |
| NILOTINIB | 4 | LDLR, PCSK9 |
| CHLOROXINE | 4 | MMP9 |
| BUDESONIDE | 4 | MMP9 |
| PRAZOSIN | 4 | MMP9 |
| ZOLEDRONIC ACID | 4 | MMP9 |
| SECOBARBITAL | 4 | MMP9 |
| DACARBAZINE | 4 | MMP9 |
| CHLORHEXIDINE | 4 | MMP9 |
| ECONAZOLE | 4 | MMP9 |
| BUSULFAN | 4 | MMP9 |
| REMINERTANT | 3 | SORT1 |
| DEXMECAMYLAMINE | 3 | CHRNA3 |
| CYTISINICLINE | 3 | CHRNA3 |
| CURCUMIN | 3 | MMP9 |
| CAFFEIC ACID | 3 | MMP9 |
| MARIMASTAT | 3 | MMP9 |
| QUERCETIN | 3 | MMP9 |
| PRINOMASTAT | 3 | MMP9 |
| ALTINICLINE | 2 | CHRNA3 |
| RADAFAXINE | 2 | CHRNA3 |
| ANABASEINE | 2 | CHRNA3 |
| STILONIUM IODIDE | 2 | CHRNA3 |
Bioactivity and enzyme data
Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 2.
Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)
| Symbol | Assays | Type breakdown |
|---|---|---|
| MMP9 | 713 | Binding:685, ADMET:20, Functional:8 |
| CHRNA3 | 436 | Binding:343, Functional:91, ADMET:2 |
| PCSK9 | 202 | Binding:201, ADMET:1 |
| SMYD2 | 148 | Binding:148 |
| LDLR | 55 | Binding:54, Functional:1 |
| SORT1 | 17 | Binding:15, ADMET:2 |
| ERG | 14 | Binding:10, Functional:3, ADMET:1 |
| DAB2IP | 8 | Binding:8 |
| IL6R | 5 | Binding:5 |
| FERMT1 | 2 | Binding:2 |
| CDKN2A | 2 | Binding:2 |
| PCIF1 | 1 | Binding:1 |
| TRIB1 | 1 | Binding:1 |
| ANKRD44 | 1 | Binding:1 |
Cohort enzymes (BRENDA EC)
| Symbol | EC numbers | Names |
|---|---|---|
| PCSK9 | 3.4.21.61 | Kexin |
| MMP9 | 3.4.24.35 | gelatinase B |
Cohort genes with high screening signal
≥100 ChEMBL assays — a studied-ness signal; see Therapeutics for approved-drug status.
| Symbol | ChEMBL assays |
|---|---|
| CHRNA3 | 436 |
| PCSK9 | 202 |
| SMYD2 | 148 |
| MMP9 | 713 |
Pharmacogenomics
Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 35; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.
No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).
Chemical tractability of cohort targets
29 approved/phased compounds have measured bioactivity against a cohort gene (and aren’t yet in disease-level trials). This is a research / tractability signal, NOT a therapeutic recommendation — a bioactivity row often reflects off-target or screening binding (e.g. promiscuous kinase inhibitors against a cohort kinase), implying no disease mechanism.
| Compound | Max phase | Cohort target (bioactivity) |
|---|---|---|
| VARENICLINE | 4 | CHRNA3 |
| MECAMYLAMINE | 4 | CHRNA3 |
| NICOTINE | 4 | CHRNA3 |
| ONDANSETRON | 4 | CHRNA3 |
| TROPISETRON | 4 | CHRNA3 |
| ACETYLCHOLINE | 4 | CHRNA3 |
| BUPROPION | 4 | CHRNA3 |
| GRANISETRON | 4 | CHRNA3 |
| NILOTINIB | 4 | LDLR, PCSK9 |
| CHLOROXINE | 4 | MMP9 |
| BUDESONIDE | 4 | MMP9 |
| PRAZOSIN | 4 | MMP9 |
| ZOLEDRONIC ACID | 4 | MMP9 |
| SECOBARBITAL | 4 | MMP9 |
| DACARBAZINE | 4 | MMP9 |
| CHLORHEXIDINE | 4 | MMP9 |
| ECONAZOLE | 4 | MMP9 |
| BUSULFAN | 4 | MMP9 |
| REMINERTANT | 3 | SORT1 |
| DEXMECAMYLAMINE | 3 | CHRNA3 |
| CYTISINICLINE | 3 | CHRNA3 |
| CAFFEIC ACID | 3 | MMP9 |
| MARIMASTAT | 3 | MMP9 |
| QUERCETIN | 3 | MMP9 |
| PRINOMASTAT | 3 | MMP9 |
| ALTINICLINE | 2 | CHRNA3 |
| RADAFAXINE | 2 | CHRNA3 |
| ANABASEINE | 2 | CHRNA3 |
| STILONIUM IODIDE | 2 | CHRNA3 |
Druggability pyramid
Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):
| Tier | Definition | Genes | Symbols |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | Approved (phase 4 drug) | 4 | CHRNA3, PCSK9, LDLR, MMP9 |
| B | Phased (≥1) drug, not yet approved | 1 | SORT1 |
| C | Druggable family + PDB, no drug | 3 | TRIB1, IL6R, LPA |
| D | Druggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug | 2 | ADAMTS8, CELSR2 |
| E | Difficult family or no structure, no drug | 26 | ZPR1, MEPE, ZNF335, FERMT1, ABHD16B, PCIF1, APOA5, DAB2IP, CDKN2A, CDKN2B (+16 more) |
Undrugged target profiles
31 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).
| Symbol | ChEMBL assays | Drugged partners (top 3) |
|---|---|---|
| PSRC1 | 0 | SORT1, PCSK9 |
| CELSR2 | 0 | SORT1, PCSK9 |
| SMYD2 | 148 | — |
| ZPR1 | 0 | — |
| MEPE | 0 | — |
| ZNF335 | 0 | — |
| FERMT1 | 2 | — |
| ABHD16B | 0 | — |
| PCIF1 | 1 | — |
| TRIB1 | 1 | — |
| APOA5 | 0 | — |
| DAB2IP | 8 | — |
| CDKN2A | 2 | — |
| CDKN2B | 0 | — |
| SCGB1D1 | 0 | — |
| ADAMTS8 | 0 | — |
| CTAGE1 | 0 | — |
| CRISPLD2 | 0 | — |
| ANKRD44 | 1 | — |
| LDAH | 0 | — |
| CDPF1 | 0 | — |
| CDKN2B-AS1 | 0 | — |
| ERG | 14 | — |
| FBN1 | 0 | — |
| GDF7 | 0 | — |
| LINC00540 | 0 | — |
| IL6R | 5 | — |
| APOE | 0 | — |
| LPA | 0 | — |
| LRP1 | 0 | — |
Clinical trials & evidence
Clinical trials
Clinical trials: 262.
Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| Not specified | 228 |
| PHASE2 | 9 |
| PHASE1 | 7 |
| PHASE4 | 5 |
| EARLY_PHASE1 | 5 |
| PHASE2/PHASE3 | 4 |
| PHASE3 | 3 |
| PHASE1/PHASE2 | 1 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT00662480 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Randomized Preventive Vascular Screening Trial of 65-74 Year Old Men in the Central Region of Denmark |
| NCT01062802 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Statin Use in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair |
| NCT01683084 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Study of the Effectiveness of Telmisartan in Slowing the Progression of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms |
| NCT03231397 | PHASE4 | TERMINATED | Predictors of AAA Expansion and/or Rupture |
| NCT04061798 | PHASE4 | TERMINATED | ACT Guided Heparinization During Open Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair. |
| NCT06001918 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | RECRUITING | Nectero EAST System Clinical Study |
| NCT00233688 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Study of the Endovascular QUANTUM LP™ Stent Graft System in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (AAA) |
| NCT00442065 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | COMPLETED | ARBITER-II: Aorfix™ Bifurcated Safety and Performance Trial: Phase II, Angulated Vessels |
| NCT01225094 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Curcumin to Prevent Complications After Elective Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Repair |
| NCT01368679 | PHASE3 | WITHDRAWN | A Clinical Study to Evaluate the Safety and Performance of the Modular AAA Stent-Graft System |
| NCT02125890 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Effect of Tranexamic Acid in Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms |
| NCT03507413 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Metformin Therapy in Non-diabetic AAA Patients |
| NCT04500756 | PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Limiting AAA With Metformin (LIMIT) Trial |
| NCT00235118 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Cordis Bilateral AAA Device Compared to Open Surgical Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (ARIBA) |
| NCT00246038 | PHASE2 | WITHDRAWN | The Boston Scientific ENOVUS Trial |
| NCT00610090 | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | Safety Study for the Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms |
| NCT01118520 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | AARDVARK (Aortic Aneurysmal Regression of Dilation: Value of ACE-Inhibition on RisK) |
| NCT01354184 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | CRD007 for the Treatment of Abdominal Aorta Aneurysm (The AORTA Trial) |
| NCT02007252 | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | ACZ885 for the Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm |
| NCT02022436 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Evaluation of Predictors of Aortic Aneurysm Growth and Rupture |
| NCT02070653 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | The Efficacy of Ticagrelor on Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Expansion |
| NCT04224051 | PHASE2 | UNKNOWN | Metformin for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Growth Inhibition |
| NCT00646048 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | A Phase I Evaluation of the Safety of the TriVascular Stent-Graft System in the Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms |
| NCT01082185 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | South American Abdominal Stent Graft Trial |
| NCT01328197 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | Treovance Stent-Graft With Navitel Delivery System for Patients With Infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms |
| NCT01346943 | PHASE1 | UNKNOWN | The Altura Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Endograft Safety and Feasibility Study |
| NCT02295137 | PHASE1 | UNKNOWN | Image Fusion of Preprocedural CTA With Real Time Fluoroscopy to Enhance EVAR Repair |
| NCT02469376 | PHASE1 | TERMINATED | Evaluation of a New Imagingtechnologie for Thrombosis |
| NCT02846883 | PHASE1 | TERMINATED | Safety and Efficacy of Allogeneic MSCs in Promoting T-regulatory Cells in Patients With Small Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms |
| NCT06081153 | EARLY_PHASE1 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Mechanistic Clinical Trial of PCSK9 Inhibition for AAA |
| NCT07473102 | EARLY_PHASE1 | RECRUITING | PET Imaging of MMP Activation in AAA: Clinical Component |
| NCT01882634 | EARLY_PHASE1 | COMPLETED | Screening Programme for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm by Hand-Held-Ultrasonography in Primary Health Care |
| NCT04586452 | EARLY_PHASE1 | COMPLETED | NIH CCR2 AAA Study |
| NCT04592991 | EARLY_PHASE1 | TERMINATED | CCR2 AAA Pilot Study |
| NCT01248533 | Not specified | ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION | Screening for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in 65 Year Old Males in Oslo |
| NCT01538056 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Physician Modified Endovascular Grafts |
| NCT02009644 | Not specified | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Clinical Study of the Treovance Stent-Graft for Patients With Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms |
| NCT02387255 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Magnetic Resonance Elastography in Patients With Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms |
| NCT02548546 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Estimation of Biomechanical Aortic Wall Properties in Healthy and Aneurysmal Aortas Using Novel Imaging Techniques |
| NCT03180996 | Not specified | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Global Fenestrated Anaconda Clinical STudy |
Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)
| Molecule | Max phase | Trials referencing |
|---|---|---|
| ATORVASTATIN | 4 | 1 |
| CANAKINUMAB | 4 | 1 |
| EVOLOCUMAB | 4 | 1 |
| FLUORODOPA F 18 | 4 | 1 |
| IODIXANOL | 4 | 1 |
| PERINDOPRIL ARGININE | 4 | 1 |
| TELMISARTAN | 4 | 1 |
| CURCUMIN | 3 | 1 |
| CHEMBL4587343 | 0 | 1 |
| CHEMBL1434196 | 0 | 1 |
Related Atlas pages
- Cohort genes: SORT1, ZPR1, MEPE, ZNF335, FERMT1, ABHD16B, PCIF1, TRIB1, APOA5, DAB2IP, CDKN2A, CDKN2B, SCGB1D1, CHRNA3, PCSK9, SMYD2, ADAMTS8, CTAGE1, PSRC1, CRISPLD2, ANKRD44, LDAH, CELSR2, CDPF1, CDKN2B-AS1, ERG, FBN1, GDF7, LINC00540, IL6R, APOE, LDLR, LPA, LRP1, MMP9, RBBP8
- Drugs: Atorvastatin, Canakinumab, Evolocumab, FLUORODOPA F 18, Iodixanol, Perindopril Arginine, Telmisartan, Curcumin