Adult glioblastoma

Summary

Adult glioblastoma (MONDO:0020690) is a disease with 24 cohort genes and 1,139 clinical trials. The dominant Reactome pathway is Constitutive Signaling by EGFRvIII (4 cohort genes). Molecularly, MGMT Promoter Methylation confers sensitivity to Temozolomide in Glioblastoma (CIViC Level A); 67 further subtype–drug associations are mapped below. Top therapeutic interventions include temozolomide, lomustine, and aminolevulinic acid.

At a glance

• Cohort genes: 24
• Clinical trials: 1,139
• Precision-medicine evidence (CIViC): 68 subtype–drug associations

Clinical features

No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

Field	Value
Canonical name	adult glioblastoma
Mondo ID	MONDO:0020690
NCIT	C9094
UMLS	C0278878
MedGen	124527
GARD	0025213
Is cancer (heuristic)	no

Also known as: adult glioblastoma · adult glioblastoma multiforme · glioblastoma · grade IV adult astrocytic neoplasm · grade IV adult astrocytic tumor · grade IV adult astrocytic tumour

Data availability: 1,249 cell lines · 16 intOGen driver records.

Disease family

An umbrella term covering 1 Mondo subtype.

Classification path: disease by etiologic mechanism › cancer or benign tumor › neoplastic disease or syndrome › neoplasm › nervous system neoplasm › neuroepithelial neoplasm › glioma › astrocytic tumor › adult astrocytic tumor › adult infiltrating astrocytic neoplasm › adult glioblastoma

Subtypes (1): adult spinal cord glioblastoma

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

No GWAS associations recorded — common-variant (GWAS) studies don’t cover this disease (typical for Mendelian / rare diseases). See the curated gene cohort and Mendelian overlap below.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

No tiered GWAS variants or ClinVar records for this disease.

Genes & proteins

Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers

GenCC: 0 · Orphanet: 159 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0

Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)

Gene	Orphanet ID	Rare disease
BRAF	Orphanet:1340	Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome
BRAF	Orphanet:146	Differentiated thyroid carcinoma
BRAF	Orphanet:251615	Pilomyxoid astrocytoma
BRAF	Orphanet:389	Langerhans cell histiocytosis
BRAF	Orphanet:500	Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines
BRAF	Orphanet:54595	Craniopharyngioma
BRAF	Orphanet:58017	Classic hairy cell leukemia
BRAF	Orphanet:626	Large/giant congenital melanocytic nevus
BRAF	Orphanet:648	Noonan syndrome
BRAF	Orphanet:840	Syringocystadenoma papilliferum
BRAF	Orphanet:96253	Cushing disease
BRCA2	Orphanet:1331	Familial prostate cancer
BRCA2	Orphanet:1333	Familial pancreatic carcinoma
BRCA2	Orphanet:145	Hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer syndrome
BRCA2	Orphanet:178	Chordoma
BRCA2	Orphanet:227535	Hereditary breast cancer
BRCA2	Orphanet:319462	Inherited cancer-predisposing syndrome due to biallelic BRCA2 mutations
BRCA2	Orphanet:440437	Familial colorectal cancer Type X
BRCA2	Orphanet:654	Nephroblastoma
BRCA2	Orphanet:667662	Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma
BRCA2	Orphanet:694963	Inflammatory breast cancer
BRCA2	Orphanet:70567	Cholangiocarcinoma
BRCA2	Orphanet:84	Fanconi anemia
SOS1	Orphanet:2024	Hereditary gingival fibromatosis
SOS1	Orphanet:648	Noonan syndrome
TERT	Orphanet:146	Differentiated thyroid carcinoma
TERT	Orphanet:1501	Adrenocortical carcinoma
TERT	Orphanet:1775	Dyskeratosis congenita
TERT	Orphanet:2032	Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
TERT	Orphanet:2495	Meningioma
TERT	Orphanet:3322	Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome
TERT	Orphanet:457246	Clear cell sarcoma of kidney
TERT	Orphanet:618	Familial melanoma
TERT	Orphanet:88	Idiopathic aplastic anemia
TP53	Orphanet:1333	Familial pancreatic carcinoma
TP53	Orphanet:145	Hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer syndrome
TP53	Orphanet:1501	Adrenocortical carcinoma
TP53	Orphanet:210159	Adult hepatocellular carcinoma
TP53	Orphanet:251576	Gliosarcoma
TP53	Orphanet:251579	Giant cell glioblastoma
TP53	Orphanet:251899	Choroid plexus carcinoma
TP53	Orphanet:2807	Papilloma of choroid plexus
TP53	Orphanet:293199	Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma
TP53	Orphanet:3318	Essential thrombocythemia
TP53	Orphanet:524	Li-Fraumeni syndrome
TP53	Orphanet:52688	Myelodysplastic syndrome
TP53	Orphanet:585909	B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2)
TP53	Orphanet:667662	Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma
TP53	Orphanet:668	Osteosarcoma
TP53	Orphanet:67038	B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Cohort genes → proteins

24 cohort genes, 24 distinct canonical proteins.

Evidence partition

Subset	Genes
civic_only	24

Cohort genes (full)

Symbol	HGNC	Ensembl	UniProt	Name	Evidence
BRAF	HGNC:1097	ENSG00000157764	P15056	Serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf	civic_evidence
BRCA2	HGNC:1101	ENSG00000139618	P51587	Breast cancer type 2 susceptibility protein	civic_evidence
SOS1	HGNC:11187	ENSG00000115904	Q07889	Son of sevenless homolog 1	civic_evidence
TERT	HGNC:11730	ENSG00000164362	O14746	Telomerase reverse transcriptase	civic_evidence
TP53	HGNC:11998	ENSG00000141510	P04637	Cellular tumor antigen p53	civic_evidence
CDKN2A	HGNC:1787	ENSG00000147889	P42771	Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	civic_evidence
SLTM	HGNC:20709	ENSG00000137776	Q9NWH9	SAFB-like transcription modulator	civic_evidence
EGFR	HGNC:3236	ENSG00000146648	P00533	Epidermal growth factor receptor	civic_evidence
EZH2	HGNC:3527	ENSG00000106462	Q15910	Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EZH2	civic_evidence
H3-3A	HGNC:4764	ENSG00000163041	P84243	Histone H3.3	civic_evidence
H3C2	HGNC:4776	ENSG00000286522	P68431	Histone H3.1	civic_evidence
IDH1	HGNC:5382	ENSG00000138413	O75874	Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] cytoplasmic	civic_evidence
IDH2	HGNC:5383	ENSG00000182054	P48735	Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP], mitochondrial	civic_evidence
KIT	HGNC:6342	ENSG00000157404	P10721	Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit	civic_evidence
LRP1B	HGNC:6693	ENSG00000168702	Q9NZR2	Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1B	civic_evidence
MGMT	HGNC:7059	ENSG00000170430	P16455	Methylated-DNA–protein-cysteine methyltransferase	civic_evidence
ATM	HGNC:795	ENSG00000149311	Q13315	Serine-protein kinase ATM	civic_evidence
ATRX	HGNC:886	ENSG00000085224	P46100	Transcriptional regulator ATRX	civic_evidence
PIK3CA	HGNC:8975	ENSG00000121879	P42336	Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform	civic_evidence
PIK3R1	HGNC:8979	ENSG00000145675	P27986	Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha	civic_evidence
PMS2	HGNC:9122	ENSG00000122512	P54278	Mismatch repair endonuclease PMS2	civic_evidence
POLE	HGNC:9177	ENSG00000177084	Q07864	DNA polymerase epsilon catalytic subunit A	civic_evidence
PTEN	HGNC:9588	ENSG00000171862	P60484	Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN	civic_evidence
RB1	HGNC:9884	ENSG00000139687	P06400	Retinoblastoma-associated protein	civic_evidence

Cohort function summary

Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.

Symbol	Protein name	Function (lead sentence)
BRAF	Serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf	Protein kinase involved in the transduction of mitogenic signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus.
BRCA2	Breast cancer type 2 susceptibility protein	Involved in double-strand break repair and/or homologous recombination.
SOS1	Son of sevenless homolog 1	Promotes the exchange of Ras-bound GDP by GTP.
TERT	Telomerase reverse transcriptase	Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme essential for the replication of chromosome termini in most eukaryotes.
TP53	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Multifunctional transcription factor that induces cell cycle arrest, DNA repair or apoptosis upon binding to its target DNA sequence.
CDKN2A	Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Acts as a negative regulator of the proliferation of normal cells by interacting strongly with CDK4 and CDK6.
SLTM	SAFB-like transcription modulator	When overexpressed, acts as a general inhibitor of transcription that eventually leads to apoptosis.
EGFR	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Receptor tyrosine kinase binding ligands of the EGF family and activating several signaling cascades to convert extracellular cues into appropriate cellular responses.
EZH2	Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EZH2	Catalytic subunit of the PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex, a Polycomb group (PcG) complex that methylates ‘Lys-9’ (H3K9me) and ‘Lys-27’ (H3K27me) of histone H3, leading to transcriptional repression of the affected target gene.
H3-3A	Histone H3.3	Variant histone H3 which replaces conventional H3 in a wide range of nucleosomes in active genes.
H3C2	Histone H3.1	Core component of nucleosome.
IDH1	Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] cytoplasmic	Catalyzes the NADP(+)-dependent oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate (D-threo-isocitrate) to 2-ketoglutarate (2-oxoglutarate), which is required by other enzymes such as the phytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase.
IDH2	Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP], mitochondrial	Plays a role in intermediary metabolism and energy production.
KIT	Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit	Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as a cell-surface receptor for the cytokine KITLG/SCF and plays an essential role in the regulation of cell survival and proliferation, hematopoiesis, stem cell maintenance, gametogenesis, mast cell develo…
LRP1B	Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1B	Potential cell surface proteins that bind and internalize ligands in the process of receptor-mediated endocytosis.
MGMT	Methylated-DNA–protein-cysteine methyltransferase	Involved in the cellular defense against the biological effects of O6-methylguanine (O6-MeG) and O4-methylthymine (O4-MeT) in DNA.
ATM	Serine-protein kinase ATM	Serine/threonine protein kinase which activates checkpoint signaling upon double strand breaks (DSBs), apoptosis and genotoxic stresses such as ionizing ultraviolet A light (UVA), thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor.
ATRX	Transcriptional regulator ATRX	Involved in transcriptional regulation and chromatin remodeling.
PIK3CA	Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform	Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol (PI) and its phosphorylated derivatives at position 3 of the inositol ring to produce 3-phosphoinositides.
PIK3R1	Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha	Binds to activated (phosphorylated) protein-Tyr kinases, through its SH2 domain, and acts as an adapter, mediating the association of the p110 catalytic unit to the plasma membrane.
PMS2	Mismatch repair endonuclease PMS2	Component of the post-replicative DNA mismatch repair system (MMR).
POLE	DNA polymerase epsilon catalytic subunit A	Catalytic component of the DNA polymerase epsilon complex.
PTEN	Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN	Dual-specificity protein phosphatase, dephosphorylating tyrosine-, serine- and threonine-phosphorylated proteins.
RB1	Retinoblastoma-associated protein	Tumor suppressor that is a key regulator of the G1/S transition of the cell cycle.

Protein-family classification

Druggable: 11 · Difficult: 5 · Unknown: 8 · Druggable fraction: 0.46

Family distribution

Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.

Family	Genes	Fold	FDR
Kinase	6	6.9×	1e-03
Enzyme (other)	4	2.0×	0.405
Phosphatase	1	3.5×	0.500
Scaffold/PPI	2	1.4×	0.612
Transcription factor	3	1.0×	0.683
Other/Unknown	8	0.6×	0.992

Per-gene assignment

Symbol	Family	Druggable?	EC	InterPro (top 3)
BRAF	Kinase	yes	2.7.10.2	Prot_kinase_dom, Ser-Thr/Tyr_kinase_cat_dom, PKC_DAG/PE
BRCA2	Other/Unknown	no		BRCA2_repeat, NA-bd_OB-fold, BRCA2_OB_1
SOS1	Scaffold/PPI	no		DH_dom, Ras-like_Gua-exchang_fac_N, PH_domain
TERT	Other/Unknown	no		RT_dom, Telomerase_RT, Telomerase_RBD
TP53	Transcription factor	no		p53_tumour_suppressor, p53-like_TF_DNA-bd_sf, p53_tetrameristn
CDKN2A	Scaffold/PPI	no		Ankyrin_rpt-contain_sf, Ank_Repeat/CDKN_Inhibitor, Tumor_suppres_ARF
SLTM	Other/Unknown	no		RRM_dom, SAP_dom, Nucleotide-bd_a/b_plait_sf
EGFR	Kinase	yes	2.7.10.1	Rcpt_L-dom, Prot_kinase_dom, Ser-Thr/Tyr_kinase_cat_dom
EZH2	Enzyme (other)	yes	2.1.1.356	SANT/Myb, SET_dom, EZH1/EZH2_N
H3-3A	Other/Unknown	no		Histone_H3/CENP-A, H2A/H2B/H3, Histone-fold
H3C2	Other/Unknown	no		Histone_H3/CENP-A, H2A/H2B/H3, Histone-fold
IDH1	Enzyme (other)	yes	1.1.1.42	Isocitrate_DH_NADP, IsoCit/isopropylmalate_DH_CS, IsoPropMal-DH-like_dom
IDH2	Enzyme (other)	yes	1.1.1.42	Isocitrate_DH_NADP, IsoCit/isopropylmalate_DH_CS, IsoPropMal-DH-like_dom
KIT	Kinase	yes	2.7.10.1	Prot_kinase_dom, Ser-Thr/Tyr_kinase_cat_dom, Tyr_kinase_rcpt_3_CS
LRP1B	Other/Unknown	no		LDLR_classB_rpt, EGF-type_Asp/Asn_hydroxyl_site, EGF
MGMT	Enzyme (other)	yes	2.1.1.63	MethylDNA_cys_MeTrfase_AS, MethylG_MeTrfase_N, MethylDNA_cys_MeTrfase_DNA-bd
ATM	Kinase	yes	2.7.11.1	PI3/4_kinase_cat_dom, PIK-rel_kinase_FAT, FATC_dom
ATRX	Transcription factor	no		SNF2_N, Helicase_C-like, Znf_FYVE_PHD
PIK3CA	Kinase	yes	2.7.1.137	PI3K_Ras-bd_dom, PI3/4_kinase_cat_dom, PI3K_accessory_dom
PIK3R1	Kinase	yes	2.7.1.153	RhoGAP_dom, SH2, SH3_domain
PMS2	Other/Unknown	no		MutL/Mlh/PMS, DNA_mismatch_S5_2-like, Ribsml_uS5_D2-typ_fold_subgr
POLE	Transcription factor	no	2.7.7.7	DNA-dir_DNA_pol_B_exonuc, DNA-dir_DNA_pol_B, RNaseH-like_sf
PTEN	Phosphatase	yes	3.1.3.16	Tyr_Pase_dom, Tyr_Pase_cat, Tensin_C2-dom
RB1	Other/Unknown	no		RB_B, RB_A, Cyclin-like_dom

Expression context

Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.

23 cohort genes are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.

Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)

Bucket	Genes
narrow (1-5 tissues)	0
moderate (6-20)	0
broad (>20)	24
unknown	0

Top tissues across cohort

Tissue	Cohort genes
calcaneal tendon	7
colonic epithelium	5
ventricular zone	4
ganglionic eminence	3
adrenal tissue	3
endothelial cell	3
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	2
secondary oocyte	2
jejunal mucosa	2
tendon of biceps brachii	2
corpus epididymis	2
buccal mucosa cell	1
olfactory bulb	1
stromal cell of endometrium	1
type B pancreatic cell	1
cervix squamous epithelium	1
parotid gland	1
pituitary gland	1
sural nerve	1
tibia	1

Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)

Symbol	Bgee breadth	FANTOM5 breadth	SCXA	Top tissues
BRAF	265	ubiquitous	marker	buccal mucosa cell, colonic epithelium, calcaneal tendon
BRCA2	184	ubiquitous	marker	male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis, secondary oocyte, ventricular zone
SOS1	289	ubiquitous	marker	colonic epithelium, jejunal mucosa, tendon of biceps brachii
TERT	105	broad	yes	stromal cell of endometrium, type B pancreatic cell, olfactory bulb
TP53	223	ubiquitous	marker	ventricular zone, ganglionic eminence, tendon of biceps brachii
CDKN2A	220	ubiquitous	marker	parotid gland, cervix squamous epithelium, pituitary gland
SLTM	291	ubiquitous	marker	calcaneal tendon, sural nerve, tibia
EGFR	285	ubiquitous	marker	nipple, gingiva, gingival epithelium
EZH2	216	ubiquitous	marker	ganglionic eminence, ventricular zone, embryo
H3-3A	134	ubiquitous	marker	ganglionic eminence, monocyte, ventricular zone
H3C2	94	ubiquitous	marker	adrenal tissue, colonic epithelium, bone marrow cell
IDH1	294	ubiquitous	marker	corpus epididymis, jejunal mucosa, adrenal tissue
IDH2	292	ubiquitous	marker	apex of heart, gastrocnemius, hindlimb stylopod muscle
KIT	263	broad	marker	lateral nuclear group of thalamus, secondary oocyte, oocyte
LRP1B	194	broad	marker	endothelial cell, Brodmann (1909) area 23, cortical plate
MGMT	261	ubiquitous	marker	right lobe of liver, liver, endometrium epithelium
ATM	286	ubiquitous	marker	calcaneal tendon, colonic epithelium, corpus callosum
ATRX	294	ubiquitous	marker	endothelial cell, calcaneal tendon, colonic epithelium
PIK3CA	284	ubiquitous	marker	calcaneal tendon, adrenal tissue, tendon
PIK3R1	294	ubiquitous	marker	calcaneal tendon, caput epididymis, corpus epididymis
PMS2	143	ubiquitous	marker	thymus, prefrontal cortex, male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis
POLE	221	ubiquitous	marker	right hemisphere of cerebellum, right testis, cerebellar hemisphere
PTEN	256	ubiquitous	marker	sperm, endothelial cell, calcaneal tendon
RB1	287	ubiquitous	marker	epithelium of nasopharynx, choroid plexus epithelium, visceral pleura

Protein interactions among cohort

Intra-cohort edges: 48.

Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)

Symbol	Interactor count
TP53	22,736
EGFR	18,421
PTEN	11,626
EZH2	9,646
CDKN2A	9,311
BRAF	7,394
ATM	7,383
KIT	6,087
ATRX	5,796
TERT	5,717

Intra-cohort edges

A	B	Sources
ATM	BRCA2	string_interaction
ATM	TP53	biogrid_interaction, string_interaction
ATRX	BRCA2	string_interaction
ATRX	EZH2	intact
ATRX	H3-3A	intact
ATRX	IDH1	string_interaction
ATRX	MGMT	string_interaction
ATRX	TP53	string_interaction
BRAF	BRCA2	biogrid_interaction
BRAF	CDKN2A	string_interaction
BRAF	EGFR	biogrid_interaction
BRAF	PIK3CA	biogrid_interaction, string_interaction
BRAF	PMS2	string_interaction
BRAF	POLE	intact
BRAF	PTEN	biogrid_interaction, string_interaction
BRAF	SOS1	string_interaction
BRAF	TP53	string_interaction
BRCA2	PMS2	string_interaction
BRCA2	TP53	string_interaction
CDKN2A	MGMT	string_interaction
CDKN2A	RB1	string_interaction
CDKN2A	TP53	string_interaction
EGFR	IDH2	biogrid_interaction
EGFR	MGMT	string_interaction
EGFR	PIK3CA	string_interaction
EGFR	PIK3R1	string_interaction
EGFR	PTEN	string_interaction
EGFR	SOS1	intact, string_interaction
IDH1	IDH2	biogrid_interaction
IDH1	MGMT	string_interaction
IDH1	PTEN	string_interaction
IDH1	TP53	string_interaction
IDH2	MGMT	string_interaction
KIT	PIK3CA	biogrid_interaction
KIT	PIK3R1	biogrid_interaction, intact
KIT	TP53	biogrid_interaction
LRP1B	PIK3CA	string_interaction
LRP1B	TP53	string_interaction
MGMT	PMS2	string_interaction
MGMT	TP53	string_interaction
PIK3CA	PIK3R1	biogrid_interaction, intact, string_interaction
PIK3CA	PTEN	string_interaction
PIK3CA	SLTM	intact
PIK3R1	PTEN	string_interaction
PIK3R1	TP53	string_interaction
PMS2	POLE	string_interaction
PTEN	TP53	string_interaction
RB1	TP53	string_interaction

Structural data

PDB: 22 · AlphaFold-only: 2 · No structure: 0

Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)

Symbol	UniProt	PDB entries
H3C2	P68431	548
EGFR	P00533	388
TP53	P04637	313
PIK3CA	P42336	135
BRAF	P15056	131
PIK3R1	P27986	105
H3-3A	P84243	103
SOS1	Q07889	91
IDH1	O75874	61
KIT	P10721	52
EZH2	Q15910	38
TERT	O14746	23
MGMT	P16455	23
RB1	P06400	19
POLE	Q07864	18
BRCA2	P51587	14
ATM	Q13315	14
ATRX	P46100	12
PTEN	P60484	12
IDH2	P48735	11
PMS2	P54278	9
CDKN2A	P42771	5

AlphaFold-only cohort genes (top 30 by pLDDT)

Symbol	UniProt	pLDDT
SLTM	Q9NWH9	52.38
LRP1B	Q9NZR2

Function

Pathway analysis

Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 474. Enrichment computed across 24 evidence-associated genes (22 with Reactome annotation).

Pathways by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 22 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

Pathway	Cohort genes	Fold	FDR	Sample cohort genes
Constitutive Signaling by EGFRvIII	4	129.8×	6e-06	SOS1, EGFR, PIK3CA, PIK3R1
Signaling by ERBB2 ECD mutants	4	122.1×	6e-06	SOS1, EGFR, PIK3CA, PIK3R1
Constitutive Signaling by Ligand-Responsive EGFR Cancer Variants	4	103.8×	8e-06	SOS1, EGFR, PIK3CA, PIK3R1
Signaling by phosphorylated juxtamembrane, extracellular and kinase domain KIT mutants	4	94.4×	9e-06	SOS1, KIT, PIK3CA, PIK3R1
Signaling by ERBB2 KD Mutants	4	76.9×	2e-05	SOS1, EGFR, PIK3CA, PIK3R1
IRS-mediated signalling	3	141.6×	7e-05	SOS1, PIK3CA, PIK3R1
Signaling by FGFR4 in disease	3	129.8×	7e-05	SOS1, PIK3CA, PIK3R1
Signaling by PDGFRA transmembrane, juxtamembrane and kinase domain mutants	3	119.8×	7e-05	SOS1, PIK3CA, PIK3R1
Signaling by PDGFRA extracellular domain mutants	3	119.8×	7e-05	SOS1, PIK3CA, PIK3R1
Signaling by LTK	3	119.8×	7e-05	SOS1, PIK3CA, PIK3R1
Signaling by SCF-KIT	4	45.1×	7e-05	SOS1, KIT, PIK3CA, PIK3R1
RAF/MAP kinase cascade	6	16.7×	7e-05	BRAF, SOS1, EGFR, KIT, PIK3CA, PIK3R1
Stabilization of p53	3	103.8×	9e-05	TP53, CDKN2A, ATM
Signaling by FLT3 ITD and TKD mutants	3	103.8×	9e-05	SOS1, PIK3CA, PIK3R1
Oxidative Stress Induced Senescence	5	20.6×	1e-04	TP53, CDKN2A, EZH2, H3-3A, H3C2
PI3K events in ERBB2 signaling	3	91.6×	1e-04	EGFR, PIK3CA, PIK3R1
GAB1 signalosome	3	86.5×	1e-04	EGFR, PIK3CA, PIK3R1
Tie2 Signaling	3	82.0×	1e-04	SOS1, PIK3CA, PIK3R1
Role of LAT2/NTAL/LAB on calcium mobilization	3	82.0×	1e-04	SOS1, PIK3CA, PIK3R1
Signaling by FLT3 fusion proteins	3	77.9×	2e-04	SOS1, PIK3CA, PIK3R1
Signaling by FGFR3 in disease	3	67.7×	2e-04	SOS1, PIK3CA, PIK3R1
Interleukin receptor SHC signaling	3	55.6×	4e-04	SOS1, PIK3CA, PIK3R1
Meiotic recombination	4	23.6×	4e-04	BRCA2, H3-3A, H3C2, ATM
Downstream signal transduction	3	51.9×	5e-04	SOS1, PIK3CA, PIK3R1
Constitutive Signaling by Aberrant PI3K in Cancer	4	23.1×	5e-04	EGFR, KIT, PIK3CA, PIK3R1
DAP12 signaling	3	50.2×	5e-04	SOS1, PIK3CA, PIK3R1
FLT3 Signaling	3	47.2×	6e-04	SOS1, PIK3CA, PIK3R1
Signaling by CSF1 (M-CSF) in myeloid cells	3	47.2×	6e-04	SOS1, PIK3CA, PIK3R1
Oncogene Induced Senescence	3	45.8×	6e-04	TP53, CDKN2A, RB1
Interleukin-3, Interleukin-5 and GM-CSF signaling	3	43.3×	7e-04	SOS1, PIK3CA, PIK3R1

GO biological processes by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 24 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

GO term	Cohort genes	Fold	FDR	Sample cohort genes
replicative senescence	4	165.2×	5e-06	TERT, TP53, CDKN2A, ATM
negative regulation of glial cell proliferation	3	210.7×	9e-05	TP53, IDH2, RB1
subtelomeric heterochromatin formation	3	191.5×	9e-05	EZH2, H3-3A, ATRX
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator	4	59.8×	9e-05	BRCA2, TP53, ATM, ATRX
multicellular organism growth	5	28.5×	9e-05	SOS1, TP53, H3-3A, ATM, ATRX
cellular senescence	4	49.3×	1e-04	BRCA2, TP53, CDKN2A, ATM
glyoxylate cycle	2	702.2×	2e-04	IDH1, IDH2
epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway	4	41.3×	2e-04	BRAF, SOS1, EGFR, PIK3CA
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	4	35.1×	3e-04	EGFR, PIK3CA, PIK3R1, PTEN
Ras protein signal transduction	4	34.2×	3e-04	SOS1, TP53, CDKN2A, RB1
insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway	3	62.0×	9e-04	SOS1, PIK3CA, PIK3R1
isocitrate metabolic process	2	280.9×	9e-04	IDH1, IDH2
negative regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation	2	280.9×	9e-04	BRCA2, CDKN2A
protein stabilization	5	13.9×	0.001	TP53, CDKN2A, ATM, PIK3R1, PTEN
myeloid progenitor cell differentiation	2	200.6×	0.002	BRAF, KIT
negative regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	3	44.8×	0.002	EZH2, PTEN, RB1
establishment of protein localization to telomere	2	175.5×	0.002	BRCA2, TERT
epithelial cell proliferation	3	39.0×	0.002	EGFR, KIT, RB1
positive regulation of miRNA transcription	3	36.3×	0.002	TERT, TP53, EGFR
telomere maintenance via recombination	2	127.7×	0.003	BRCA2, TERT
NADP+ metabolic process	2	127.7×	0.003	IDH1, IDH2
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	8	5.0×	0.003	TP53, CDKN2A, EGFR, ATM, ATRX, PIK3R1, PTEN, RB1
somatic stem cell population maintenance	3	31.0×	0.003	BRAF, CDKN2A, KIT
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus	3	30.1×	0.003	BRAF, TP53, RB1
insulin receptor signaling pathway	3	27.7×	0.004	SOS1, PIK3CA, PIK3R1
B cell differentiation	3	27.4×	0.004	EZH2, KIT, PIK3R1
eyelid development in camera-type eye	2	87.8×	0.005	SOS1, EGFR
double-strand break repair	3	25.4×	0.005	BRCA2, TP53, ATM
G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	3	25.1×	0.005	EZH2, POLE, RB1
rRNA transcription	2	82.6×	0.005	TP53, CDKN2A

Therapeutics

Drug target analysis

Approved (phase 4): 13 · Phase ≥3: 14 · Phased (≥1): 15 · Undrugged: 9

Druggability breadth: 20 of 24 evidence-associated genes (83%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).

Genes with an approved drug

The molecule shown is one approved compound that hits the gene — not necessarily a drug of choice or one indicated for this disease.

Symbol	Example approved molecule
BRAF	VEMURAFENIB
SOS1	IDARUBICIN
TERT	BERBERINE
TP53	NITROFURANTOIN
SLTM	CABOZANTINIB
EGFR	LEVODOPA
EZH2	TAZEMETOSTAT
IDH1	ENASIDENIB
IDH2	ENASIDENIB
KIT	PONATINIB
ATM	AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE
PIK3CA	IDELALISIB
PIK3R1	IDELALISIB

Top cohort targets by molecule count

Symbol	Molecules	Max phase
TP53	196	4
EGFR	175	4
KIT	99	4
PIK3CA	67	4
BRAF	48	4
ATM	35	4
PIK3R1	26	4
TERT	10	4
IDH1	10	4
IDH2	7	4

Drugs targeting cohort genes (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Targets in cohort
VEMURAFENIB	4	BRAF, EGFR
PONATINIB	4	BRAF, EGFR, KIT
FEDRATINIB	4	BRAF, EGFR, KIT, PIK3CA
SORAFENIB	4	BRAF, EGFR, KIT
DASATINIB ANHYDROUS	4	BRAF, EGFR, KIT
RUXOLITINIB	4	BRAF, KIT
INFIGRATINIB PHOSPHATE	4	BRAF, KIT
INFIGRATINIB	4	BRAF, KIT
REGORAFENIB	4	BRAF, KIT
DABRAFENIB	4	BRAF
COBIMETINIB	4	BRAF
NILOTINIB	4	BRAF, KIT
ABEMACICLIB	4	BRAF, EGFR
ENCORAFENIB	4	BRAF
TOVORAFENIB	4	BRAF
PAZOPANIB	4	BRAF, KIT
DASATINIB	4	BRAF, EGFR, KIT, PIK3CA
ERLOTINIB	4	BRAF, EGFR, KIT
GEFITINIB	4	BRAF, EGFR, KIT
IMATINIB	4	BRAF, EGFR, KIT
IDARUBICIN	4	SOS1
DOXORUBICIN	4	SOS1, TERT
SOTORASIB	4	SOS1
ADAGRASIB	4	SOS1
BERBERINE	4	TERT
NITROFURANTOIN	4	TP53
DIOSMIN	4	TP53
VERTEPORFIN	4	TP53
CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL	4	TP53
DIENESTROL	4	TP53

Bioactivity and enzyme data

Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 12.

Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)

Symbol	Assays	Type breakdown
EGFR	6,531	Binding:6211, Functional:173, ADMET:138, Toxicity:9
KIT	2,305	Binding:2242, ADMET:32, Functional:22, Toxicity:9
PIK3CA	2,034	Binding:2009, ADMET:19, Toxicity:4, Functional:2
BRAF	1,442	Binding:1400, Functional:37, ADMET:5
TP53	869	Binding:775, ADMET:83, Functional:10, Toxicity:1
EZH2	839	Binding:833, Functional:6
PIK3R1	493	Binding:470, ADMET:23
IDH1	488	Binding:475, Functional:12, ADMET:1
SOS1	421	Binding:409, Functional:12
TERT	391	Binding:389, Functional:2
ATM	240	Binding:233, Functional:5, ADMET:2
MGMT	86	Binding:84, ADMET:2
IDH2	84	Binding:84
RB1	59	Binding:59
SLTM	14	Binding:14
PTEN	8	Binding:8
H3-3A	6	Binding:6
CDKN2A	2	Binding:2
PMS2	1	Binding:1

Cohort enzymes (BRENDA EC)

Symbol	EC numbers	Names
BRAF	2.7.10.2, 2.7.11.1	non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase, non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase
EGFR	2.7.10.1	receptor protein-tyrosine kinase
EZH2	2.1.1.356	[histone H3]-lysine27 N-trimethyltransferase
IDH1	1.1.1.42	isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
IDH2	1.1.1.42	isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
KIT	2.7.10.1	receptor protein-tyrosine kinase
MGMT	2.1.1.63	methylated-DNA-[protein]-cysteine S-methyltransferase
ATM	2.7.11.1	non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase
PIK3CA	2.7.1.137, 2.7.1.153, 2.7.11.1	phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase
PIK3R1	2.7.1.153	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase
POLE	2.7.7.7	DNA-directed DNA polymerase
PTEN	3.1.3.16, 3.1.3.67	protein-serine/threonine phosphatase, phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase

Cohort genes with high screening signal

≥100 ChEMBL assays — a studied-ness signal; see Therapeutics for approved-drug status.

Symbol	ChEMBL assays
BRAF	1,442
SOS1	421
TERT	391
TP53	869
EGFR	6,531
EZH2	839
IDH1	488
KIT	2,305
ATM	240
PIK3CA	2,034
PIK3R1	493

Pharmacogenomics

Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 24; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.

No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).

Chemical tractability of cohort targets

26 approved/phased compounds have measured bioactivity against a cohort gene (and aren’t yet in disease-level trials). This is a research / tractability signal, NOT a therapeutic recommendation — a bioactivity row often reflects off-target or screening binding (e.g. promiscuous kinase inhibitors against a cohort kinase), implying no disease mechanism.

Compound	Max phase	Cohort target (bioactivity)
VEMURAFENIB	4	BRAF, EGFR
PONATINIB	4	BRAF, EGFR, KIT
FEDRATINIB	4	BRAF, EGFR, KIT, PIK3CA
SORAFENIB	4	BRAF, EGFR, KIT
DASATINIB ANHYDROUS	4	BRAF, EGFR, KIT
RUXOLITINIB	4	BRAF, KIT
INFIGRATINIB PHOSPHATE	4	BRAF, KIT
INFIGRATINIB	4	BRAF, KIT
REGORAFENIB	4	BRAF, KIT
COBIMETINIB	4	BRAF
NILOTINIB	4	BRAF, KIT
ENCORAFENIB	4	BRAF
TOVORAFENIB	4	BRAF
DASATINIB	4	BRAF, EGFR, KIT, PIK3CA
ERLOTINIB	4	BRAF, EGFR, KIT
IMATINIB	4	BRAF, EGFR, KIT
IDARUBICIN	4	SOS1
DOXORUBICIN	4	SOS1, TERT
SOTORASIB	4	SOS1
ADAGRASIB	4	SOS1
BERBERINE	4	TERT
NITROFURANTOIN	4	TP53
DIOSMIN	4	TP53
VERTEPORFIN	4	TP53
CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL	4	TP53
DIENESTROL	4	TP53

Druggability pyramid

Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):

Tier	Definition	Genes	Symbols
A	Approved (phase 4 drug)	13	BRAF, SOS1, TERT, TP53, SLTM, EGFR, EZH2, IDH1, IDH2, KIT (+3 more)
B	Phased (≥1) drug, not yet approved	2	MGMT, RB1
C	Druggable family + PDB, no drug	1	PTEN
D	Druggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug	0
E	Difficult family or no structure, no drug	8	BRCA2, CDKN2A, H3-3A, H3C2, LRP1B, ATRX, PMS2, POLE

Undrugged target profiles

9 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).

Symbol	ChEMBL assays	Drugged partners (top 3)
PTEN	8	TP53
BRCA2	0	—
CDKN2A	2	—
H3-3A	6	—
H3C2	0	—
LRP1B	0	—
ATRX	0	—
PMS2	1	—
POLE	0	—

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 1,139.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

Phase	Trials
PHASE2	307
PHASE1	279
Not specified	254
PHASE1/PHASE2	123
EARLY_PHASE1	66
PHASE3	52
PHASE2/PHASE3	13
PHASE4	6

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT03975829	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Pediatric Long-Term Follow-up and Rollover Study
NCT05342883	PHASE4	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	GammaTile and Stupp in Newly Diagnosed GBM
NCT07546669	PHASE4	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Efficacy of Zoster Vaccination in Glioblastoma Patients
NCT00686725	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Standard Temodal (Temozolomide) Regimen Versus Standard Regimen Plus Early Postsurgery Temodal for Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme (Study P05572)
NCT05900908	PHASE4	WITHDRAWN	Post-operative Adjuvant Therapy w/wo GammaTile + Systemic Therapy
NCT06625047	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Comparing Telehealth and In-person Assessments in Glioma Patients Receiving Oral Chemotherapy
NCT02152982	PHASE2/PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Temozolomide With or Without Veliparib in Treating Patients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme
NCT02685605	PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Intraoperative Radiotherapy in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme
NCT03663725	PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Treatment Intensification With Temozolomide in Adults With a Glioblastoma
NCT03970447	PHASE2/PHASE3	RECRUITING	A Trial to Evaluate Multiple Regimens in Newly Diagnosed and Recurrent Glioblastoma
NCT04250922	PHASE2/PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	LAM561 With RT and TMZ for Adults With Glioblastoma
NCT05095376	PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Testing the Addition of the Chemotherapy Drug Lomustine (Gleostine) to the Usual Treatment (Temozolomide and Radiation Therapy) for Newly Diagnosed MGMT Methylated Glioblastoma
NCT05100641	PHASE3	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	AV-GBM-1 vs Control as Adjunctive Therapy Following Surgery and RT/TMZ in Newly Diagnosed GBM
NCT05118776	PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of ASC40 Tablets in Combination With Bevacizumab in Subjects With rGBM
NCT05271240	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Repeated Superselective Intraarterial Cerebral Infusion (SIACI) of Bevacizumab With Temozolomide and Radiation Compared to Temozolomide and Radiation Alone in Newly Diagnosed GBM
NCT05318612	PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Effectiveness of MR-guided LITT Therapy in Irresectable Glioblastoma (EMITT)
NCT05326464	PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Tofacitinib in Recurrent GBM Patients
NCT05439278	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Conventional Versus Hypofractionated Radiotherapy With Temozolomide in Elderly Glioblastoma
NCT05669820	PHASE2/PHASE3	RECRUITING	Antisecretory Factor Glioblastoma Phase 2
NCT05902169	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Sonocloud-9 in Association With Carboplatin Versus Standard-of-Care Chemotherapies (CCNU or TMZ) in Recurrent GBM
NCT06105619	PHASE2/PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	A Study of PLB1001 Enteric Capsules in the Treatment of sGBM/IDH Mutant Glioblastoma Patients With the ZM Fusion Gene (FUGEN).
NCT06388733	PHASE3	RECRUITING	A Study Comparing Niraparib With Temozolomide in Adult Participants With Newly-diagnosed, MGMT Unmethylated Glioblastoma
NCT06448286	PHASE3	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	PH Weighted Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer MRI-Based Surgical Resection to Improve Survival in Patients With Glioblastoma
NCT06477939	PHASE3	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Study of Adding or Not Liposomal Transcrocetin (L-TC) With Concomitant HypoFractionated Radiation ThErapy and TEmozolomide in Newly Diagnosed GLioblastoma (GBM) Patients
NCT06496971	PHASE3	RECRUITING	A Prospective Pivotal Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Avastin® Bevacizumab (BEV) With or Without Microbubble-mediated Focused Ultrasound (FUS-MB) Using NaviFUS System in Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme Patients
NCT06556563	PHASE3	RECRUITING	EF-41/KEYNOTE D58: Phase 3 Study of Optune Concomitant With Temozolomide Plus Pembrolizumab in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma
NCT06749925	PHASE3	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Clinical Trial Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Dendritic Cell-Based Immunotherapy for Glioblastoma
NCT07100730	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Study of TLX101-Tx Plus Standard of Care (SoC) Versus SoC Alone for the Treatment of Patients With Recurrent Glioblastoma
NCT07195591	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Beginning Radiation Immediately With GammaTile at GBM Excision Versus Standard of Care
NCT07461948	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Advanced Imaging Techniques for Evaluating the Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Glioblastoma Patients
NCT07605364	PHASE2/PHASE3	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Testing the Addition of an Anti-Cancer Drug, Mycophenolate Mofetil, to the Usual Treatment (Radiation Therapy and Temozolomide) for Advanced Brain Cancer
NCT00045968	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Study of a Drug [DCVax®-L] to Treat Newly Diagnosed GBM Brain Cancer
NCT00068952	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Study of IV Edotecarin Vs Temozolomide or Carmustine (BCNU) or Lomustine (CCNU) in Patients With Glioblastoma Multiforme
NCT00088400	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Comparison of TransMID vs Standard Treatment of Cancerous Brain Tumors
NCT00295815	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Enzastaurin Versus Lomustine in Glioblastoma
NCT00335075	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety of Temodal vs Semustine in Subjects With Recurrent Glioblastoma or Anaplastic Astrocytoma (Study P03644)
NCT00689221	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Cilengitide, Temozolomide, and Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma and Methylated Gene Promoter Status
NCT00761280	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Efficacy and Safety of AP 12009 in Patients With Recurrent or Refractory Anaplastic Astrocytoma or Secondary Glioblastoma
NCT00777153	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Cediranib in Combination With Lomustine Chemotherapy in Recurrent Glioblastoma
NCT00807027	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Clinical Trial to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of ‘Immuncell-LC’ With Temozolomide in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma of Korea

Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Trials referencing
TEMOZOLOMIDE	4	35
LOMUSTINE	4	30
AMINOLEVULINIC ACID	4	6
DISULFIRAM	4	6
PLERIXAFOR	4	6
ERLOTINIB HYDROCHLORIDE	4	5
PAZOPANIB	4	5
TEMSIROLIMUS	4	5
FERUMOXYTOL	4	4
NIRAPARIB	4	4
SORAFENIB TOSYLATE	4	4
VORINOSTAT	4	4
ABEMACICLIB	4	3
CARMUSTINE	4	3
DURVALUMAB	4	3
FLUDEOXYGLUCOSE F 18	4	3
TRAMETINIB	4	3
CERITINIB	4	2
CHLOROQUINE	4	2
COPPER	4	2
DABRAFENIB	4	2
DACOMITINIB ANHYDROUS	4	2
ETOPOSIDE PHOSPHATE	4	2
GEFITINIB	4	2
HYDROXYUREA	4	2
MANNITOL	4	2
NINTEDANIB	4	2
SORBITOL	4	2
SUNITINIB MALATE	4	2
AURANOFIN	4	1

Precision-medicine subtype map (CIViC)

Drug × molecular subtype: 68 predictive associations from 71 curated evidence items; also 18 prognostic, 17 diagnostic, 11 oncogenic.

Molecular subtype	Therapy	Effect	Level	CIViC
MGMT Promoter Methylation	Temozolomide	Sensitivity/Response	CIViC A	EID307
MGMT Promoter Methylation	Lomustine + Temozolomide	Sensitivity/Response	CIViC A	EID7303
IDH1 R132	Cetuximab	Sensitivity/Response	CIViC B	EID3718 +1
MGMT Underexpression	Temozolomide	Sensitivity/Response	CIViC B	EID2899 +1
DRD5 low expression	Dordaviprone	Sensitivity/Response	CIViC B	EID7600
EGFR Expression	Temozolomide + Nimotuzumab + 3-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy	Sensitivity/Response	CIViC B	EID8299
EGFR Overexpression	Lomustine + Bevacizumab	Sensitivity/Response	CIViC B	EID10894
EGFR VIII	Erlotinib + Gefitinib	Sensitivity/Response	CIViC B	EID1128
EGFR VIII	Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor	Sensitivity/Response	CIViC B	EID772
EGFR VIII	Rindopepimut	Sensitivity/Response	CIViC B	EID971
EGFR::VSTM2A Fusion	Bevacizumab/Lomustine Regimen	Sensitivity/Response	CIViC B	EID11101
IDH1 R132S	Cetuximab	Sensitivity/Response	CIViC B	EID4033
KIT EXPRESSION	Sunitinib	Sensitivity/Response	CIViC B	EID10180
MGMT Promoter Methylation	Carmustine	Sensitivity/Response	CIViC B	EID308
MGMT RS16906252	Temozolomide	Sensitivity/Response	CIViC B	EID822
PIK3CA Mutation	Buparlisib	Sensitivity/Response	CIViC B	EID7072
PIK3R1 Mutation	Buparlisib	Sensitivity/Response	CIViC B	EID7073
PTEN Expression	Erlotinib + Gefitinib	Sensitivity/Response	CIViC B	EID1129
PTEN Expression	Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor	Sensitivity/Response	CIViC B	EID774
PTEN Mutation	Buparlisib	Sensitivity/Response	CIViC B	EID7074
SLC12A2 OVEREXPRESSION	Antisecretory Factor-enriched Egg Yolk Powder Supplement + Temozolomide	Sensitivity/Response	CIViC B	EID12689
VEGFA Overexpression	Bevacizumab	Sensitivity/Response	CIViC B	EID7013
PTEN Mutation	Nivolumab + Pembrolizumab	Resistance	CIViC B	EID8176
TP53 Mutation	Temozolomide	Resistance	CIViC B	EID7978
VEGFA Overexpression of VEGF121	Bevacizumab	Resistance	CIViC B	EID9490
ALK Expression	Crizotinib	Sensitivity/Response	CIViC C	EID7866
ARHGEF2::NTRK1 Fusion	Entrectinib	Sensitivity/Response	CIViC C	EID12606
BRAF V600E	Vemurafenib	Sensitivity/Response	CIViC C	EID3771
BRCA2 K3326*	Olaparib + Temozolomide	Sensitivity/Response	CIViC C	EID7724
EGFR Amplification AND EGFR EGFRVIII	Afatinib	Sensitivity/Response	CIViC C	EID773

+38 more predictive associations (showing top 30 by evidence level).