Alcoholic liver cirrhosis
diseaseOn this page
Also known as alcoholic cirrhosisalcoholic cirrhosis of liver
Summary
Alcoholic liver cirrhosis (MONDO:0006644) is a disease with 20 cohort genes (20 GWAS associations across 5 studies) and 30 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include losartan and baclofen.
At a glance
- Cohort genes: 20
- GWAS associations: 20
- Clinical trials: 30
Clinical features
No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.
Identifiers
Disease identifiers
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Canonical name | alcoholic liver cirrhosis |
| Mondo ID | MONDO:0006644 |
| EFO | EFO:1000802 |
| MeSH | D008104 |
| DOID | DOID:14018 |
| ICD-10-CM | K70.3 |
| NCIT | C34782 |
| SNOMED CT | 419728003 |
| UMLS | C0023891 |
| MedGen | 6125 |
| MedDRA | 10001618 |
| Is cancer (heuristic) | no |
Also known as: alcoholic cirrhosis · alcoholic cirrhosis of liver
Data availability: 20 GWAS associations (5 studies) · 3 cell lines.
Disease family
Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › digestive system disorder › hepatobiliary disorder › liver disorder › cirrhosis of liver › alcoholic liver cirrhosis
Related subtypes (2): hepatitis C induced liver cirrhosis, cirrhosis, familial
Genetics & variants
GWAS landscape
20 GWAS associations across 5 studies. Top hits map to 14 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).
Top associations by p-value
| rsID | p-value | Gene | Risk allele | Odds ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs2294915 | 1e-58 | PNPLA3 | T | 0.74 |
| rs738409 | 2e-48 | PNPLA3 | G | 2.19 |
| rs10401969 | 5e-11 | SUGP1 | T | 0.47 |
| rs10433937 | 3e-10 | HSD17B13 | T | 0.26 |
| rs626283 | 1e-09 | TMC4 - MBOAT7 | C | 1.35 |
| rs3794991 | 3e-09 | GATAD2A | T | 0.42 |
| rs73004967 | 1e-08 | PBX4 | A | 0.55 |
| rs28929474 | 1e-08 | SERPINA1 | T | 0.72 |
| rs11134977 | 1e-07 | FAF2 | T | 0.22 |
| rs2576452 | 7e-07 | TMC4 | T | 0.23 |
| rs10392 | 8e-07 | PPP1R16B | A | 1.25 |
| rs10424702 | 1e-06 | GATAD2A | A | 0.24 |
| rs9494417 | 1e-06 | PDE7B | A | 0.34 |
| rs1482588 | 2e-06 | ADAMTS9-AS2 - LINC02040 | A | 0.52 |
| rs1676988 | 2e-06 | TAF4B | A | 0.31 |
| rs454510 | 3e-06 | PHGDH | A | 1.21 |
| rs115335372 | 3e-06 | LINC02290 | T | 0.83 |
| rs4749900 | 4e-06 | LINC02663 - LINC02670 | T | 0.43 |
| rs2028201 | 5e-06 | SPATS2L | T | 1.18 |
Top studies (by case count)
| Study | Lead author | Year | Cases | Controls | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GCST90428821 | Schwantes-An TH | 2024 | 1,840 | 2,465 | A polygenic risk score for alcohol-associated cirrhosis among heavy drinkers with European ancestry. |
| GCST004757 | Treutlein J | 2017 | 1,331 | 3,684 | Genetic Contribution to Alcohol Dependence: Investigation of a Heterogeneous German Sample of Individuals with Alcohol Dependence, Chronic Alcoholic Pancreatitis, and Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis. |
| GCST011639 | Schwantes-An TH | 2020 | 1,128 | 0 | Genome-wide association study and meta-analysis on alcohol-related liver cirrhosis identifies novel genetic risk factors. |
| GCST004755 | Treutlein J | 2017 | 1,110 | 1,750 | Genetic Contribution to Alcohol Dependence: Investigation of a Heterogeneous German Sample of Individuals with Alcohol Dependence, Chronic Alcoholic Pancreatitis, and Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis. |
| GCST003153 | Buch S | 2015 | 712 | 1,426 | A genome-wide association study confirms PNPLA3 and identifies TM6SF2 and MBOAT7 as risk loci for alcohol-related cirrhosis. |
Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers
Tier distribution (top 50 variants)
| Tier | Variants |
|---|---|
| Tier 1: coding | 2 |
| Tier 2: splice/UTR | 1 |
| Tier 3: regulatory | 1 |
| Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | 15 |
MAF distribution
| Bucket | Variants |
|---|---|
| common (>=0.05) | 18 |
| low_freq (0.01-0.05) | 1 |
| rare (<0.01) | 0 |
| unknown | 0 |
Functional consequences
| Consequence | Count |
|---|---|
| intron_variant | 14 |
| missense_variant | 2 |
| regulatory_region_variant | 1 |
| 3_prime_UTR_variant | 1 |
| intergenic_variant | 1 |
Top variants
| rsID | Chr | Pos | Alleles | MAF | Consequence | Gene | p-value | Tier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs2294915 | 22 | 43945024 | C>G,T | 0.05 | intron_variant | PNPLA3 | 1e-58 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs738409 | 22 | 43928847 | C>A,G,T | 0.27 | missense_variant | PNPLA3 | 2e-48 | Tier 1: coding |
| rs10401969 | 19 | 19296909 | T>C | 0.05 | intron_variant | SUGP1 | 5e-11 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs10433937 | 4 | 87308948 | T>A,C,G | 0.05 | intron_variant | HSD17B13 | 3e-10 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs626283 | 19 | 54173307 | C>G | 0.44 | regulatory_region_variant | TMC4 - MBOAT7 | 1e-09 | Tier 3: regulatory |
| rs3794991 | 19 | 19499787 | C>G,T | 0.05 | intron_variant | GATAD2A | 3e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs73004967 | 19 | 19606247 | A>G | 0.05 | intron_variant | PBX4 | 1e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs28929474 | 14 | 94378610 | C>A,G,T | 0.05 | missense_variant | SERPINA1 | 1e-08 | Tier 1: coding |
| rs11134977 | 5 | 176477140 | T>C,G | 0.05 | intron_variant | FAF2 | 1e-07 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs2576452 | 19 | 54172738 | T>A,C,G | 0.05 | intron_variant | TMC4 | 7e-07 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs10392 | 20 | 38922292 | G>A | 0.18 | 3_prime_UTR_variant | PPP1R16B | 8e-07 | Tier 2: splice/UTR |
| rs10424702 | 19 | 19397204 | A>G,T | 0.05 | intron_variant | GATAD2A | 1e-06 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs9494417 | 6 | 135923525 | G>A | 0.05 | intron_variant | PDE7B | 1e-06 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs1482588 | 3 | 65151654 | A>G | 0.05 | intron_variant | ADAMTS9-AS2 - LINC02040 | 2e-06 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs1676988 | 18 | 26338981 | C>A,G,T | 0.05 | intron_variant | TAF4B | 2e-06 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs454510 | 1 | 119652419 | A>C,G,T | 0.027 | intron_variant | PHGDH | 3e-06 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs115335372 | 14 | 66124912 | C>T | 0.05 | intron_variant | LINC02290 | 3e-06 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs4749900 | 10 | 9886549 | C>A,T | 0.05 | intergenic_variant | LINC02663 - LINC02670 | 4e-06 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs2028201 | 2 | 200438287 | G>C,T | 0.376 | intron_variant | SPATS2L | 5e-06 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
Genes & proteins
Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers
GenCC: 0 · Orphanet: 5 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0
Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)
| Gene | Orphanet ID | Rare disease |
|---|---|---|
| TAF4B | Orphanet:399805 | Male infertility with azoospermia or oligozoospermia due to single gene mutation |
| MBOAT7 | Orphanet:88616 | Autosomal recessive non-syndromic intellectual disability |
| SERPINA1 | Orphanet:178396 | Hemorrhagic disease due to alpha-1-antitrypsin Pittsburgh mutation |
| SERPINA1 | Orphanet:586 | Cystic fibrosis |
| SERPINA1 | Orphanet:60 | Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency |
Cohort genes → proteins
20 cohort genes, 18 distinct canonical proteins.
Evidence partition
| Subset | Genes |
|---|---|
| gwas_only | 20 |
Cohort genes (full)
| Symbol | HGNC | Ensembl | UniProt | Name | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TAF4B | HGNC:11538 | ENSG00000141384 | Q92750 | Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 4B | gwas |
| TM6SF2 | HGNC:11861 | ENSG00000213996 | Q9BZW4 | Transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 | gwas |
| PBX4 | HGNC:13403 | ENSG00000105717 | Q9BYU1 | Pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 4 | gwas |
| MBOAT7 | HGNC:15505 | ENSG00000125505 | Q96N66 | Membrane-bound acylglycerophosphatidylinositol O-acyltransferase MBOAT7 | gwas |
| PPP1R16B | HGNC:15850 | ENSG00000101445 | Q96T49 | Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 16B | gwas |
| SACK1D | HGNC:16122 | ENSG00000101447 | Q9H4H8 | Protein FAM83D | gwas |
| PNPLA3 | HGNC:18590 | ENSG00000100344 | Q9NST1 | 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase PNPLA3 | gwas |
| SUGP1 | HGNC:18643 | ENSG00000105705 | Q8IWZ8 | SURP and G-patch domain-containing protein 1 | gwas |
| HSD17B13 | HGNC:18685 | ENSG00000170509 | Q7Z5P4 | 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 13 | gwas |
| CCDC196 | HGNC:20100 | ENSG00000196553 | A0A1B0GTZ2 | Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 196 | gwas |
| CNKSR3 | HGNC:23034 | ENSG00000153721 | Q6P9H4 | Connector enhancer of kinase suppressor of ras 3 | gwas |
| SPATS2L | HGNC:24574 | ENSG00000196141 | Q9NUQ6 | SPATS2-like protein | gwas |
| FAF2 | HGNC:24666 | ENSG00000113194 | Q96CS3 | FAS-associated factor 2 | gwas |
| GATAD2A | HGNC:29989 | ENSG00000167491 | Q86YP4 | Transcriptional repressor p66-alpha | gwas |
| ZNF697 | HGNC:32034 | ENSG00000143067 | Q5TEC3 | Zinc finger protein 697 | gwas |
| FUT8 | HGNC:4019 | ENSG00000033170 | Q9BYC5 | Alpha-(1,6)-fucosyltransferase | gwas |
| ADAMTS9-AS2 | HGNC:42435 | ENSG00000241684 | ADAMTS9 antisense RNA 2 | gwas | |
| LINC02663 | HGNC:54149 | ENSG00000228636 | long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 2663 | gwas | |
| PDE7B | HGNC:8792 | ENSG00000171408 | Q9NP56 | 3’,5’-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase 7B | gwas |
| SERPINA1 | HGNC:8941 | ENSG00000197249 | P01009 | Alpha-1-antitrypsin | gwas |
Cohort function summary
Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.
| Symbol | Protein name | Function (lead sentence) |
|---|---|---|
| TAF4B | Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 4B | Cell type-specific subunit of the general transcription factor TFIID that may function as a gene-selective coactivator in certain cells. |
| TM6SF2 | Transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 | Regulator of liver fat metabolism influencing triglyceride secretion and hepatic lipid droplet content. |
| MBOAT7 | Membrane-bound acylglycerophosphatidylinositol O-acyltransferase MBOAT7 | Acyltransferase which catalyzes the transfer of an acyl group from an acyl-CoA to a lysophosphatidylinositol (1-acylglycerophosphatidylinositol or LPI) leading to the production of a phosphatidylinositol (1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoino… |
| PPP1R16B | Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 16B | Regulator of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) that acts as a positive regulator of pulmonary endothelial cell (EC) barrier function. |
| SACK1D | Protein FAM83D | Through the degradation of FBXW7, may act indirectly on the expression and downstream signaling of MTOR, JUN and MYC. |
| PNPLA3 | 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase PNPLA3 | Specifically catalyzes coenzyme A (CoA)-dependent acylation of 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (2-lysophosphatidic acid/LPA) to generate phosphatidic acid (PA), an important metabolic intermediate and precursor for both triglycerides and gl… |
| SUGP1 | SURP and G-patch domain-containing protein 1 | Plays a role in pre-mRNA splicing. |
| HSD17B13 | 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 13 | Plays a pivotal role in hepatic lipid metabolism. |
| CNKSR3 | Connector enhancer of kinase suppressor of ras 3 | Involved in transepithelial sodium transport. |
| FAF2 | FAS-associated factor 2 | Plays an important role in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) that mediates ubiquitin-dependent degradation of misfolded endoplasmic reticulum proteins. |
| GATAD2A | Transcriptional repressor p66-alpha | Transcriptional repressor. |
| ZNF697 | Zinc finger protein 697 | RNA-interacting protein with a high number of miRNA targets. |
| FUT8 | Alpha-(1,6)-fucosyltransferase | Catalyzes the addition of fucose in alpha 1-6 linkage to the first GlcNAc residue, next to the peptide chains in N-glycans. |
| PDE7B | 3’,5’-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase 7B | Hydrolyzes the second messenger cAMP, which is a key regulator of many important physiological processes. |
| SERPINA1 | Alpha-1-antitrypsin | Inhibitor of serine proteases. |
Protein-family classification
Druggable: 1 · Difficult: 7 · Unknown: 12 · Druggable fraction: 0.05
Family distribution
Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.
| Family | Genes | Fold | FDR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Scaffold/PPI | 3 | 2.6× | 0.423 |
| Transcription factor | 4 | 1.6× | 0.435 |
| Other/Unknown | 12 | 1.1× | 0.591 |
| Enzyme (other) | 1 | 0.6× | 0.825 |
Per-gene assignment
| Symbol | Family | Druggable? | EC | InterPro (top 3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TAF4B | Other/Unknown | no | TAFH_NHR1, TAF4_C, Histone-fold | |
| TM6SF2 | Other/Unknown | no | EXPERA, TM6SF1-like, TM_Tm6sf1/2 | |
| PBX4 | Transcription factor | no | HD, PBX_PBC_dom, KN_HD | |
| MBOAT7 | Enzyme (other) | yes | 2.3.1.B46 | MBOAT_fam, LPLAT_7/PORCN-like |
| PPP1R16B | Scaffold/PPI | no | Ankyrin_rpt, Pase-1_reg_su_16AB, Ankyrin_rpt-contain_sf | |
| SACK1D | Other/Unknown | no | SACK1, FAM83 | |
| PNPLA3 | Other/Unknown | no | PNPLA_dom, Acyl_Trfase/lysoPLipase, PLPL | |
| SUGP1 | Other/Unknown | no | Surp, G_patch_dom, SWAP/Surp_sf | |
| HSD17B13 | Other/Unknown | no | SDR_fam, NAD(P)-bd_dom_sf | |
| CCDC196 | Other/Unknown | no | CCDC196 | |
| CNKSR3 | Scaffold/PPI | no | PDZ, SAM, CNK2/3_dom | |
| SPATS2L | Other/Unknown | no | UBA-like_sf, SPATS2-like | |
| FAF2 | Other/Unknown | no | UBX_dom, UAS, UBA-like_sf | |
| GATAD2A | Transcription factor | no | Znf_GATA, P66_CC, P66 | |
| ZNF697 | Transcription factor | no | Znf_C2H2_type, Znf_C2H2_sf, Zinc_finger_PRDM4/PRDM1/PRDM14 | |
| FUT8 | Scaffold/PPI | no | 2.4.1.68 | SH3_domain, Fut8, GT23_dom |
| ADAMTS9-AS2 | Other/Unknown | no | ||
| LINC02663 | Other/Unknown | no | ||
| PDE7B | Transcription factor | no | 3.1.4.53 | PDEase_catalytic_dom, HD/PDEase_dom, PDEase |
| SERPINA1 | Other/Unknown | no | Serpin_fam, Serpin_CS, Serpin_dom |
Expression context
Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.
18 cohort genes are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.
Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)
| Bucket | Genes |
|---|---|
| narrow (1-5 tissues) | 0 |
| moderate (6-20) | 0 |
| broad (>20) | 20 |
| unknown | 0 |
Top tissues across cohort
| Tissue | Cohort genes |
|---|---|
| buccal mucosa cell | 3 |
| ileal mucosa | 3 |
| right lobe of liver | 3 |
| right testis | 3 |
| blood | 2 |
| lateral globus pallidus | 2 |
| esophagus squamous epithelium | 2 |
| pigmented layer of retina | 2 |
| liver | 2 |
| left testis | 2 |
| parotid gland | 2 |
| calcaneal tendon | 2 |
| oocyte | 1 |
| secondary oocyte | 1 |
| duodenum | 1 |
| jejunal mucosa | 1 |
| left lobe of thyroid gland | 1 |
| right lobe of thyroid gland | 1 |
| thyroid gland | 1 |
| right adrenal gland | 1 |
Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)
| Symbol | Bgee breadth | FANTOM5 breadth | SCXA | Top tissues |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TAF4B | 243 | ubiquitous | marker | secondary oocyte, buccal mucosa cell, oocyte |
| TM6SF2 | 151 | broad | marker | ileal mucosa, jejunal mucosa, duodenum |
| PBX4 | 174 | ubiquitous | marker | right lobe of thyroid gland, left lobe of thyroid gland, thyroid gland |
| MBOAT7 | 141 | ubiquitous | marker | blood, right adrenal gland, right adrenal gland cortex |
| PPP1R16B | 257 | broad | marker | CA1 field of hippocampus, lateral globus pallidus, orbitofrontal cortex |
| SACK1D | 199 | ubiquitous | marker | esophagus squamous epithelium, pharyngeal mucosa, mucosa of stomach |
| PNPLA3 | 178 | ubiquitous | marker | pigmented layer of retina, buccal mucosa cell, right lobe of liver |
| SUGP1 | 262 | ubiquitous | marker | lower esophagus mucosa, right testis, right hemisphere of cerebellum |
| HSD17B13 | 127 | tissue_specific | yes | liver, right lobe of liver, olfactory segment of nasal mucosa |
| CCDC196 | 136 | tissue_specific | marker | sperm, left testis, right testis |
| CNKSR3 | 242 | ubiquitous | marker | esophagus squamous epithelium, pigmented layer of retina, ileal mucosa |
| SPATS2L | 286 | ubiquitous | marker | pancreatic ductal cell, parotid gland, metanephric glomerulus |
| FAF2 | 290 | ubiquitous | marker | parotid gland, gingival epithelium, gingiva |
| GATAD2A | 272 | ubiquitous | marker | buccal mucosa cell, tendon of biceps brachii, ileal mucosa |
| ZNF697 | 207 | ubiquitous | marker | cartilage tissue, kidney epithelium, cortical plate |
| FUT8 | 279 | ubiquitous | marker | corpus callosum, olfactory bulb, male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis |
| ADAMTS9-AS2 | 198 | broad | marker | sural nerve, renal medulla, calcaneal tendon |
| LINC02663 | 86 | tissue_specific | yes | left testis, right testis, testis |
| PDE7B | 233 | ubiquitous | marker | germinal epithelium of ovary, calcaneal tendon, lateral globus pallidus |
| SERPINA1 | 133 | ubiquitous | marker | right lobe of liver, liver, blood |
Protein interactions among cohort
Intra-cohort edges: 10.
Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)
| Symbol | Interactor count |
|---|---|
| SERPINA1 | 3,617 |
| HSD17B13 | 3,393 |
| FAF2 | 2,954 |
| GATAD2A | 2,526 |
| SUGP1 | 2,164 |
| PPP1R16B | 1,851 |
| FUT8 | 1,447 |
| PNPLA3 | 1,441 |
| MBOAT7 | 1,217 |
| SACK1D | 1,157 |
Intra-cohort edges
| A | B | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| CCDC196 | FUT8 | string_interaction |
| GATAD2A | SUGP1 | intact |
| HSD17B13 | MBOAT7 | string_interaction |
| HSD17B13 | PNPLA3 | string_interaction |
| HSD17B13 | TM6SF2 | string_interaction |
| MBOAT7 | PNPLA3 | string_interaction |
| MBOAT7 | TM6SF2 | string_interaction |
| PNPLA3 | TM6SF2 | string_interaction |
| PPP1R16B | SACK1D | string_interaction |
| SUGP1 | TM6SF2 | string_interaction |
Structural data
PDB: 8 · AlphaFold-only: 10 · No structure: 2
Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)
| Symbol | UniProt | PDB entries |
|---|---|---|
| SERPINA1 | P01009 | 46 |
| FUT8 | Q9BYC5 | 14 |
| SUGP1 | Q8IWZ8 | 3 |
| SACK1D | Q9H4H8 | 2 |
| MBOAT7 | Q96N66 | 1 |
| HSD17B13 | Q7Z5P4 | 1 |
| FAF2 | Q96CS3 | 1 |
| GATAD2A | Q86YP4 | 1 |
AlphaFold-only cohort genes (top 30 by pLDDT)
| Symbol | UniProt | pLDDT |
|---|---|---|
| TM6SF2 | Q9BZW4 | 91.03 |
| PDE7B | Q9NP56 | 79.84 |
| PBX4 | Q9BYU1 | 74.29 |
| PNPLA3 | Q9NST1 | 71.70 |
| PPP1R16B | Q96T49 | 70.73 |
| CCDC196 | A0A1B0GTZ2 | 68.50 |
| ZNF697 | Q5TEC3 | 65.99 |
| CNKSR3 | Q6P9H4 | 64.67 |
| SPATS2L | Q9NUQ6 | 63.72 |
| TAF4B | Q92750 | 56.15 |
Function
Pathway analysis
Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 68. Enrichment computed across 20 evidence-associated genes (12 with Reactome annotation).
Pathways by enrichment
Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 12 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.
| Pathway | Cohort genes | Fold | FDR | Sample cohort genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lipid particle organization | 1 | 158.6× | 0.183 | HSD17B13 |
| Acyl chain remodeling of DAG and TAG | 1 | 135.9× | 0.183 | PNPLA3 |
| Reactions specific to the complex N-glycan synthesis pathway | 1 | 95.2× | 0.183 | FUT8 |
| Acyl chain remodelling of PI | 1 | 56.0× | 0.183 | MBOAT7 |
| Regulation of TP53 Activity through Acetylation | 1 | 38.1× | 0.183 | GATAD2A |
| Transcriptional regulation of brown and beige adipocyte differentiation by EBF2 | 1 | 31.7× | 0.183 | GATAD2A |
| Glycerophospholipid biosynthesis | 1 | 28.0× | 0.183 | MBOAT7 |
| Cargo concentration in the ER | 1 | 28.0× | 0.183 | SERPINA1 |
| Signaling by EGFR | 1 | 27.2× | 0.183 | SACK1D |
| Maturation of spike protein | 1 | 22.1× | 0.183 | FUT8 |
| HIV Transcription Initiation | 1 | 19.4× | 0.183 | TAF4B |
| RNA Polymerase II HIV Promoter Escape | 1 | 19.4× | 0.183 | TAF4B |
| RNA Polymerase II Promoter Escape | 1 | 19.4× | 0.183 | TAF4B |
| RNA Polymerase II Transcription Pre-Initiation And Promoter Opening | 1 | 19.4× | 0.183 | TAF4B |
| RNA Polymerase II Transcription Initiation | 1 | 19.4× | 0.183 | TAF4B |
| RNA Polymerase II Transcription Initiation And Promoter Clearance | 1 | 19.4× | 0.183 | TAF4B |
| RNA Polymerase I Transcription Initiation | 1 | 18.7× | 0.183 | GATAD2A |
| Phospholipid metabolism | 1 | 16.7× | 0.183 | MBOAT7 |
| Regulation of PTEN gene transcription | 1 | 14.9× | 0.183 | GATAD2A |
| Transcription of the HIV genome | 1 | 14.4× | 0.183 | TAF4B |
| Late Phase of HIV Life Cycle | 1 | 14.0× | 0.183 | TAF4B |
| COPII-mediated vesicle transport | 1 | 13.6× | 0.183 | SERPINA1 |
| Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+ | 1 | 13.6× | 0.183 | SERPINA1 |
| HIV Life Cycle | 1 | 13.4× | 0.183 | TAF4B |
| ERCC6 (CSB) and EHMT2 (G9a) positively regulate rRNA expression | 1 | 12.7× | 0.183 | GATAD2A |
| Differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells to T helper 2 cells (Th2 cells) | 1 | 12.2× | 0.183 | GATAD2A |
| NuRD complex assembly | 1 | 11.8× | 0.183 | GATAD2A |
| RNA Polymerase II Pre-transcription Events | 1 | 11.5× | 0.183 | TAF4B |
| ER to Golgi Anterograde Transport | 1 | 11.1× | 0.183 | SERPINA1 |
| Regulation of TP53 Activity | 1 | 11.1× | 0.183 | TAF4B |
GO biological processes by enrichment
Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 16 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.
| GO term | Cohort genes | Fold | FDR | Sample cohort genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| lipid droplet organization | 2 | 117.0× | 0.011 | PNPLA3, FAF2 |
| triglyceride acyl-chain remodeling | 1 | 1053.2× | 0.018 | PNPLA3 |
| receptor metabolic process | 1 | 1053.2× | 0.018 | FUT8 |
| GDP-L-fucose metabolic process | 1 | 1053.2× | 0.018 | FUT8 |
| lipid homeostasis | 2 | 42.1× | 0.018 | TM6SF2, PNPLA3 |
| protein localization to mitotic spindle | 1 | 526.6× | 0.024 | SACK1D |
| cellular response to 3,3’,5-triiodo-L-thyronine | 1 | 526.6× | 0.024 | PNPLA3 |
| acylglycerol acyl-chain remodeling | 1 | 263.3× | 0.042 | PNPLA3 |
| response to sucrose | 1 | 210.7× | 0.044 | PNPLA3 |
| glycerophospholipid metabolic process | 1 | 175.5× | 0.044 | PNPLA3 |
| phosphatidylinositol acyl-chain remodeling | 1 | 175.5× | 0.044 | MBOAT7 |
| stress granule disassembly | 1 | 150.5× | 0.044 | FAF2 |
| regulation of sprouting angiogenesis | 1 | 150.5× | 0.044 | PPP1R16B |
| regulation of triglyceride metabolic process | 1 | 131.7× | 0.044 | MBOAT7 |
| cAMP catabolic process | 1 | 117.0× | 0.044 | PDE7B |
| lipid modification | 1 | 117.0× | 0.044 | MBOAT7 |
| negative regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation | 1 | 105.3× | 0.044 | CNKSR3 |
| L-fucose catabolic process | 1 | 105.3× | 0.044 | FUT8 |
| positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis | 1 | 105.3× | 0.044 | PPP1R16B |
| regulation of cell fate specification | 1 | 81.0× | 0.048 | GATAD2A |
| regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress | 1 | 81.0× | 0.048 | FUT8 |
| layer formation in cerebral cortex | 1 | 70.2× | 0.048 | MBOAT7 |
| phosphatidylcholine acyl-chain remodeling | 1 | 70.2× | 0.048 | MBOAT7 |
| positive regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition | 1 | 70.2× | 0.048 | SACK1D |
| metaphase chromosome alignment | 1 | 65.8× | 0.048 | SACK1D |
| regulation of filopodium assembly | 1 | 65.8× | 0.048 | PPP1R16B |
| retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol | 1 | 62.0× | 0.048 | FAF2 |
| regulation of TOR signaling | 1 | 58.5× | 0.048 | SACK1D |
| positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process | 1 | 55.4× | 0.048 | HSD17B13 |
| fibroblast migration | 1 | 52.7× | 0.048 | FUT8 |
Therapeutics
Drugs indicated for this disease
No approved or late-stage (phase ≥3) drug is indicated for this disease; the following are in earlier-phase trials only.
Earlier-phase candidates (phase 2, investigational — efficacy not yet established): Ademetionine.
Drug target analysis
Approved (phase 4): 1 · Phase ≥3: 2 · Phased (≥1): 2 · Undrugged: 18
Druggability breadth: 6 of 20 evidence-associated genes (30%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).
Genes with an approved drug
The molecule shown is one approved compound that hits the gene — not necessarily a drug of choice or one indicated for this disease.
| Symbol | Example approved molecule |
|---|---|
| PDE7B | VARDENAFIL |
Top cohort targets by molecule count
| Symbol | Molecules | Max phase |
|---|---|---|
| PDE7B | 3 | 4 |
| HSD17B13 | 1 | 3 |
| TAF4B | 0 | 0 |
| TM6SF2 | 0 | 0 |
| PBX4 | 0 | 0 |
| MBOAT7 | 0 | 0 |
| PPP1R16B | 0 | 0 |
| SACK1D | 0 | 0 |
| PNPLA3 | 0 | 0 |
| SUGP1 | 0 | 0 |
Drugs targeting cohort genes (top 30)
| Molecule | Max phase | Targets in cohort |
|---|---|---|
| VARDENAFIL | 4 | PDE7B |
| DIPYRIDAMOLE | 4 | PDE7B |
| CILOFEXOR | 3 | HSD17B13 |
| LENRISPODUN PHOSPHATE | 1 | PDE7B |
Bioactivity and enzyme data
Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 3.
Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)
| Symbol | Assays | Type breakdown |
|---|---|---|
| PDE7B | 89 | Binding:83, ADMET:4, Functional:1, Toxicity:1 |
| HSD17B13 | 22 | Binding:20, Functional:2 |
| GATAD2A | 7 | Binding:7 |
| FUT8 | 2 | Binding:2 |
| MBOAT7 | 1 | Binding:1 |
| SPATS2L | 1 | Binding:1 |
Cohort enzymes (BRENDA EC)
| Symbol | EC numbers | Names |
|---|---|---|
| MBOAT7 | 2.3.1.B46 | |
| FUT8 | 2.4.1.68 | glycoprotein 6-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase |
| PDE7B | 3.1.4.53 | 3’,5’-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase |
Pharmacogenomics
Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 18; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.
No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).
Chemical tractability of cohort targets
4 approved/phased compounds have measured bioactivity against a cohort gene (and aren’t yet in disease-level trials). This is a research / tractability signal, NOT a therapeutic recommendation — a bioactivity row often reflects off-target or screening binding (e.g. promiscuous kinase inhibitors against a cohort kinase), implying no disease mechanism.
| Compound | Max phase | Cohort target (bioactivity) |
|---|---|---|
| VARDENAFIL | 4 | PDE7B |
| DIPYRIDAMOLE | 4 | PDE7B |
| CILOFEXOR | 3 | HSD17B13 |
| LENRISPODUN PHOSPHATE | 1 | PDE7B |
Druggability pyramid
Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):
| Tier | Definition | Genes | Symbols |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | Approved (phase 4 drug) | 1 | PDE7B |
| B | Phased (≥1) drug, not yet approved | 1 | HSD17B13 |
| C | Druggable family + PDB, no drug | 1 | MBOAT7 |
| D | Druggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug | 0 | |
| E | Difficult family or no structure, no drug | 17 | TAF4B, TM6SF2, PBX4, PPP1R16B, SACK1D, PNPLA3, SUGP1, CCDC196, CNKSR3, SPATS2L (+7 more) |
Undrugged target profiles
18 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).
| Symbol | ChEMBL assays | Drugged partners (top 3) |
|---|---|---|
| TM6SF2 | 0 | HSD17B13 |
| MBOAT7 | 1 | HSD17B13 |
| PNPLA3 | 0 | HSD17B13 |
| TAF4B | 0 | — |
| PBX4 | 0 | — |
| PPP1R16B | 0 | — |
| SACK1D | 0 | — |
| SUGP1 | 0 | — |
| CCDC196 | 0 | — |
| CNKSR3 | 0 | — |
| SPATS2L | 1 | — |
| FAF2 | 0 | — |
| GATAD2A | 7 | — |
| ZNF697 | 0 | — |
| FUT8 | 2 | — |
| ADAMTS9-AS2 | 0 | — |
| LINC02663 | 0 | — |
| SERPINA1 | 0 | — |
Clinical trials & evidence
Clinical trials
Clinical trials: 30.
Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| Not specified | 18 |
| PHASE2 | 5 |
| PHASE4 | 2 |
| PHASE3 | 2 |
| PHASE1 | 2 |
| EARLY_PHASE1 | 1 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT00188045 | PHASE4 | TERMINATED | Hemodynamic Effects of Chronic Administration of Spironolactone and/or Propranolol in Alcoholic Cirrhotic Patients |
| NCT00239096 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Prevention of Decompensation in Liver Cirrhosis |
| NCT04689152 | PHASE3 | RECRUITING | Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Cellgram-LC Administration in Patients With Alcoholic Cirrhosis |
| NCT01342705 | PHASE3 | TERMINATED | Phlebotomy and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Compensated Alcoholic Cirrhosis |
| NCT04250259 | PHASE2 | RECRUITING | SAMe Trial for Patients With Alcoholic Cirrhosis |
| NCT05832229 | PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Liver Cirrhosis Network Rosuvastatin Efficacy and Safety for Cirrhosis in the United States |
| NCT01591200 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Dose Finding Study to Assess Safety and Efficacy of Stem Cells in Liver Cirrhosis |
| NCT01741090 | PHASE2 | UNKNOWN | The Effectiveness and Safety for Mesenchymal Stem Cell for Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis |
| NCT01875081 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | REVIVE(Randomized Exploratory Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Effectiveness of Stem Cell Product in Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis Patient) |
| NCT03838250 | PHASE1 | UNKNOWN | Study to Evaluate Hepatic Artery Injection of Autologous Human Bone Marrow-Derived MSCs in Patients With Alcoholic LC |
| NCT05155657 | PHASE1 | UNKNOWN | Study of Decompensated Alcoholic Cirrhosis Treatment by Stem Cells |
| NCT02326103 | EARLY_PHASE1 | COMPLETED | Randomised Open-label Multicenter Study Evaluating Ciprofloxacin in Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis |
| NCT04106518 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Study of Genetic Determinants in Alcoholic Hepatitis and Establishment of a Multicenter Prospective Cohort of Patients With Alcoholic Liver Disease |
| NCT05093881 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Long-term Follow-up of Patients With Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis Who Had Administered Cellgram-LC in PMC-P-07 Study |
| NCT05740358 | Not specified | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Liver Cirrhosis Network Cohort Study |
| NCT06840652 | Not specified | ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION | Safety & Efficacy of Baclofen for Alcohol Withdrawal in Chronic Liver Disease With Active Alcohol Consumption |
| NCT06866496 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Optimized Remission in Alcohol-related Liver Cirrhosis |
| NCT00388323 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Adipose Tissue Involvement in Alcohol-induced Liver Inflammation in Human |
| NCT00827723 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Indocyanine Green and Portal Pressure in Viral and Alcoholic Cirrhotic Patients With Hepatocarcinoma |
| NCT01065233 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Pangenomic Study During Alcoholic Cirrhosis |
| NCT01213927 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | National Cohort of Uncomplicated Alcoholic Cirrhosis |
| NCT01756794 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Validation of the Procedure of Early Liver Transplantation in Alcoholic Hepatitis Resisting to Medical Treatment |
| NCT02072746 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Zinc Supplementation in Alcoholic Cirrhosis |
| NCT02806011 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Long-term Follow-up Study of Livercellgram in Alcoholic LC Patients Who Completed Livercellgram Phase 2 Study |
| NCT03508388 | Not specified | TERMINATED | Value on Survival of Liver Volume After an Acute Decompensation of an Alcoholic Cirrhosis |
| NCT03534141 | Not specified | TERMINATED | Mild Hypothermia and Acute Kidney Injury in Liver Transplantation |
| NCT04070508 | Not specified | WITHDRAWN | Early Detection of Alcoholic Liver Disease |
| NCT04245189 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | EUS Based Prevalence of Chronic Pancreatitis in Alcoholic Cirrhosis |
| NCT04363424 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | Alcohol Biomarker Study |
| NCT06093919 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Study of Prevalence of Eating Disorder in Liver Transplant Patients |
Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)
| Molecule | Max phase | Trials referencing |
|---|---|---|
| LOSARTAN | 4 | 2 |
| BACLOFEN | 4 | 1 |