Amelocerebrohypohidrotic syndrome

disease
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Also known as epilepsy dementia amelogenesis imperfectaepilepsy-dementia-amelogenesis imperfecta syndromeKohlschutter Tonz syndromeKOHLSCHUTTER-Tonz syndromeKTZS

Summary

Amelocerebrohypohidrotic syndrome (MONDO:0009185) is a disease caused by ROGDI (GenCC Definitive), with 3 cohort genes and 2 clinical trials.

At a glance

  • Prevalence: <1 / 1 000 000 (Worldwide) [Orphanet-validated]
  • Causal gene: ROGDI (GenCC Definitive)
  • Cohort genes: 3
  • ClinVar variants: 602
  • Phenotypes (HPO): 14
  • Clinical trials: 2

Clinical features

Epidemiology

Prevalence records

1 prevalence record(s), Orphanet:

TypeClassValueGeographyValidation
Point prevalence<1 / 1 000 000WorldwideValidated

Signs & symptoms

Clinical features (HPO)

14 HPO clinical features (Orphanet curated; top 14 by frequency):

HPO IDTermFrequency
HP:0001250SeizureVery frequent (80-99%)
HP:0001257SpasticityVery frequent (80-99%)
HP:0001268Mental deteriorationVery frequent (80-99%)
HP:0002353EEG abnormalityVery frequent (80-99%)
HP:0002376Developmental regressionVery frequent (80-99%)
HP:0006286Yellow-brown discoloration of the teethVery frequent (80-99%)
HP:0011073Abnormality of dental colorVery frequent (80-99%)
HP:0000682Abnormality of dental enamelVery frequent (80-99%)
HP:0000705Amelogenesis imperfectaVery frequent (80-99%)
HP:0000726DementiaVery frequent (80-99%)
HP:0010864Intellectual disability, severeVery frequent (80-99%)
HP:0000966HypohidrosisFrequent (30-79%)
HP:0000238HydrocephalusOccasional (5-29%)
HP:0004322Short statureOccasional (5-29%)

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

FieldValue
Canonical nameamelocerebrohypohidrotic syndrome
Mondo IDMONDO:0009185
MeSHC537213
OMIM226750
Orphanet1946
DOIDDOID:0111668
SNOMED CT109478007
UMLSC0406740
MedGen98036
GARD0003128
Is cancer (heuristic)no

Also known as: amelocerebrohypohidrotic syndrome · epilepsy dementia amelogenesis imperfecta · epilepsy-dementia-amelogenesis imperfecta syndrome · Kohlschutter Tonz syndrome · KOHLSCHUTTER-Tonz syndrome · Kohlschutter-Tonz syndrome · KTZS

Data availability: 602 ClinVar variants · 6 GenCC gene-disease records.

Disease family

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › syndromic diseaseectodermal dysplasia syndromeamelocerebrohypohidrotic syndrome

Related subtypes (119): ADULT syndrome, autosomal dominant palmoplantar keratoderma and congenital alopecia, ameloonychohypohidrotic syndrome, ankyloblepharon-ectodermal defects-cleft lip/palate syndrome, anonychia with flexural pigmentation, Böök syndrome, blepharocheilodontic syndrome, Stern-Lubinsky-Durrie syndrome, dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis, dermo-odonto dysplasia, Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome, Clouston syndrome, ectodermal dysplasia, trichoodontoonychial type, gingival fibromatosis-hypertrichosis syndrome, hypertrichosis cubiti-short stature syndrome, Johnson neuroectodermal syndrome, Marshall syndrome, Naegeli-Franceschetti-Jadassohn syndrome, oculodentodigital dysplasia, Cronkhite-Canada syndrome, scalp-ear-nipple syndrome, tooth and nail syndrome, tricho-dento-osseous syndrome, tricho-retino-dento-digital syndrome, acrofacial dysostosis, Weyers type, Ackerman syndrome, alopecia - contractures - dwarfism - intellectual disability syndrome, AREDYLD syndrome, Barber-Say syndrome, oculoosteocutaneous syndrome, cataract-hypertrichosis-intellectual disability syndrome, autosomal recessive palmoplantar keratoderma and congenital alopecia, cerebellar ataxia-ectodermal dysplasia syndrome, cranioectodermal dysplasia, conductive deafness-ptosis-skeletal anomalies syndrome, dermatoosteolysis, Kirghizian type, Dubowitz syndrome, ectodermal dysplasia-sensorineural deafness syndrome, ectodermal dysplasia-intellectual disability-central nervous system malformation syndrome, hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia-hypothyroidism-ciliary dyskinesia syndrome, cleft lip/palate-ectodermal dysplasia syndrome, EEM syndrome, Ellis-van Creveld syndrome, GAPO syndrome, ichthyosis-alopecia-eclabion-ectropion-intellectual disability syndrome, Leukomelanoderma-infantilism-intellectual disability-hypodontia-hypotrichosis syndrome, Dahlberg-Borer-Newcomer syndrome, cartilage-hair hypoplasia, oculotrichodysplasia, pilodental dysplasia-refractive errors syndrome, Bartsocas-Papas syndrome 1, ectodermal dysplasia-blindness syndrome, Schinzel-Giedion syndrome, Teebi-Shaltout syndrome, taurodontia-absent teeth-sparse hair syndrome, odontotrichomelic syndrome, trichomegaly-retina pigmentary degeneration-dwarfism syndrome, trichoodontoonychial dysplasia, CHIME syndrome, anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia-immunodeficiency-osteopetrosis-lymphedema syndrome, Ito hypomelanosis, contractures-ectodermal dysplasia-cleft lip/palate syndrome, incontinentia pigmenti, Toriello-Lacassie-Droste syndrome, odontomicronychial dysplasia, ectodermal dysplasia with natal teeth, Turnpenny type, hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, Christianson-Fourie type, trichodental syndrome, congenital hypotrichosis with juvenile macular dystrophy, tricho-oculo-dermo-vertebral syndrome, odonto-tricho-ungual-digito-palmar syndrome, Fried’s tooth and nail syndrome, limb-mammary syndrome, epidermolysis bullosa simplex due to plakophilin deficiency, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy with wooly hair and keratoderma, Curly hair - acral keratoderma - caries syndrome, hypotrichosis-osteolysis-periodontitis-palmoplantar keratoderma syndrome, Lelis syndrome, Fontaine progeroid syndrome, ectodermal dysplasia-syndactyly syndrome, ectodermal dysplasia 5, hair/nail type, nail and teeth abnormalities-marginal palmoplantar keratoderma-oral hyperpigmentation syndrome, ectodermal dysplasia 12, hypohidrotic/hair/tooth/nail type, cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, choroidal atrophy-alopecia syndrome, dyskeratosis congenita, hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, Halal type, hypertrichosis lanuginosa congenita, hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, odonto-onycho dysplasia-alopecia syndrome, pili torti-onychodysplasia syndrome, chondroectodermal dysplasia with night blindness, trichorhinophalangeal syndrome, trichothiodystrophy, trichodermodysplasia-dental alterations syndrome, autosomal dominant trichoodontoonychodysplasia-syndactyly, focal facial dermal dysplasia, KID syndrome, pure hair and nail ectodermal dysplasia, circumscribed palmoplantar hypokeratosis, trichodysplasia-amelogenesis imperfecta syndrome, dermotrichic syndrome, alves Castelo dos Santos syndrome, Brunoni syndrome, ectodermal dysplasia Bartalos type, ectodermal dysplasia margarita type, ectodermal dysplasia alopecia preaxial polydactyly, ectodermal dysplasia arthrogryposis diabetes mellitus, ectodermal dysplasia blindness, ectodermal dysplasia neurosensory deafness, ectodermal dysplasia 14, hair/tooth type with or without hypohidrosis, ectodermal dysplasia 15, hypohidrotic/hair type, linear hypopigmentation and craniofacial asymmetry with acral, ocular and brain anomalies, jones hersh yusk syndrome, ectodermal dysplasia 13, hair/tooth type, arthrogryposis-ectodermal dysplasia-other anomalies syndrome, ectodermal dysplasia WNT10A related, CTSC-related disorder, ectodermal dysplasia 17 with or without limb malformations

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

No GWAS associations recorded — common-variant (GWAS) studies don’t cover this disease (typical for Mendelian / rare diseases). See the curated gene cohort and Mendelian overlap below.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

ClinVar germline variants

600 retrieved; paginated sample, class counts are floors:

266 likely benign, 240 uncertain significance, 29 pathogenic, 19 conflicting classifications of pathogenicity, 18 benign, 16 likely pathogenic, 9 benign/likely benign, 3 pathogenic/likely pathogenic

ClinVarVariant (HGVS)GeneClassificationReview
1069190NM_024589.3(ROGDI):c.402C>A (p.Tyr134Ter)ROGDIPathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
1072900NM_024589.3(ROGDI):c.652dup (p.Arg218fs)ROGDIPathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
1378437NM_024589.3(ROGDI):c.52G>T (p.Glu18Ter)ROGDIPathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
1418819NM_024589.3(ROGDI):c.103C>T (p.Gln35Ter)ROGDIPathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
1453406NM_024589.3(ROGDI):c.581_593del (p.Ile194fs)ROGDIPathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
1453951NM_024589.3(ROGDI):c.250C>T (p.Gln84Ter)ROGDIPathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
1454706NM_024589.3(ROGDI):c.613C>T (p.Gln205Ter)ROGDIPathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
1965952NM_024589.3(ROGDI):c.208C>T (p.Gln70Ter)ROGDIPathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
1997122NM_024589.3(ROGDI):c.232C>T (p.Gln78Ter)ROGDIPathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
2024107NM_024589.3(ROGDI):c.169A>T (p.Lys57Ter)ROGDIPathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
2871016NM_024589.3(ROGDI):c.331C>T (p.Gln111Ter)ROGDIPathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
2912225NM_024589.3(ROGDI):c.152dup (p.Thr52fs)ROGDIPathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
3000675NM_024589.3(ROGDI):c.-3_45+8delROGDIPathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
31225NM_024589.3(ROGDI):c.229_230del (p.Leu77fs)ROGDIPathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
31226NM_024589.3(ROGDI):c.286C>T (p.Gln96Ter)ROGDIPathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
31228NM_024589.3(ROGDI):c.532-2A>TROGDIPathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
31229NM_024589.3(ROGDI):c.469C>T (p.Arg157Ter)ROGDIPathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
3243368NC_000016.10:g.(?4797440)(4802591_?)delROGDIPathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
3606336NM_024589.3(ROGDI):c.652del (p.Arg218fs)ROGDIPathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
3775229NM_024589.3(ROGDI):c.646-2A>GROGDIPathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
3775797NM_024589.3(ROGDI):c.63G>A (p.Trp21Ter)ROGDIPathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
41465NM_024589.3(ROGDI):c.507del (p.Glu170fs)ROGDIPathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
453294NM_024589.3(ROGDI):c.506_507dup (p.Glu170fs)ROGDIPathogenic/Likely pathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
461607NM_024589.3(ROGDI):c.340C>T (p.Gln114Ter)ROGDIPathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
4710243NM_024589.3(ROGDI):c.402C>G (p.Tyr134Ter)ROGDIPathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
4725854NM_024589.3(ROGDI):c.71_72insT (p.Asp25fs)ROGDIPathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
504177NM_024589.3(ROGDI):c.334C>T (p.Gln112Ter)ROGDIPathogenic/Likely pathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
530797NM_024589.3(ROGDI):c.665dup (p.Ala223fs)ROGDIPathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
565630NM_024589.3(ROGDI):c.117+1G>AROGDIPathogenic/Likely pathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
654553NM_024589.3(ROGDI):c.302_308dup (p.Glu104fs)ROGDIPathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter

Genes & proteins

Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers

GenCC: 11 · Orphanet: 3 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0

GenCC gene–disease validity (cohort genes)

the Disease column is the GenCC-asserted condition — a cohort gene’s strongest validity may be for a related predisposition syndrome.

GeneClassificationInheritanceDiseaseRecords
ROGDIDefinitiveAutosomal recessiveamelocerebrohypohidrotic syndrome5
SLC13A5SupportiveAutosomal recessiveamelocerebrohypohidrotic syndrome6

Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)

GeneOrphanet IDRare disease
ROGDIOrphanet:1946Amelocerebrohypohidrotic syndrome
SLC13A5Orphanet:1946Amelocerebrohypohidrotic syndrome
SLC13A5Orphanet:442835Non-specific early-onset epileptic encephalopathy

Cohort genes → proteins

3 cohort genes, 3 distinct canonical proteins.

Evidence partition

SubsetGenes
multi_evidence3

Cohort genes (full)

SymbolHGNCEnsemblUniProtNameEvidence
ROGDIHGNC:29478ENSG00000067836Q9GZN7Protein rogdi homologgencc,clinvar
SLC13A5HGNC:23089ENSG00000141485Q86YT5Na(+)/citrate cotransportergencc
ADCY9HGNC:240ENSG00000162104O60503Adenylate cyclase type 9clinvar

Cohort function summary

Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.

SymbolProtein nameFunction (lead sentence)
SLC13A5Na(+)/citrate cotransporterHigh-affinity sodium/citrate cotransporter that mediates the entry of citrate into cells, which is a critical participant of biochemical pathways.
ADCY9Adenylate cyclase type 9Adenylyl cyclase that catalyzes the formation of the signaling molecule cAMP in response to activation of G protein-coupled receptors.

Protein-family classification

Druggable: 0 · Difficult: 0 · Unknown: 3 · Druggable fraction: 0.0

Family distribution

Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.

FamilyGenesFoldFDR
Other/Unknown31.8×0.174

Per-gene assignment

SymbolFamilyDruggable?ECInterPro (top 3)
ROGDIOther/UnknownnoRAVE2/Rogdi
SLC13A5Other/UnknownnoSLC13A/DASS, Na/sul_symport_CS
ADCY9Other/UnknownnoA/G_cyclase, A/G_cyclase_CS, Nucleotide_cyclase

Expression context

Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.

2 cohort genes are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.

Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)

BucketGenes
narrow (1-5 tissues)0
moderate (6-20)0
broad (>20)3
unknown0

Top tissues across cohort

TissueCohort genes
C1 segment of cervical spinal cord1
cerebellar hemisphere1
right hemisphere of cerebellum1
liver1
parotid gland1
right lobe of liver1
choroid plexus epithelium1
secondary oocyte1
vastus lateralis1

Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)

SymbolBgee breadthFANTOM5 breadthSCXATop tissues
ROGDI250ubiquitousmarkerright hemisphere of cerebellum, C1 segment of cervical spinal cord, cerebellar hemisphere
SLC13A5148broadyesright lobe of liver, liver, parotid gland
ADCY9296ubiquitousmarkersecondary oocyte, choroid plexus epithelium, vastus lateralis

Protein interactions among cohort

Intra-cohort edges: 1.

Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)

SymbolInteractor count
SLC13A51,574
ADCY91,492
ROGDI603

Intra-cohort edges

ABSources
ROGDISLC13A5string_interaction

Structural data

PDB: 3 · AlphaFold-only: 0 · No structure: 0

Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)

SymbolUniProtPDB entries
ADCY9O605036
SLC13A5Q86YT54
ROGDIQ9GZN72

Function

Pathway analysis

Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 50. Enrichment computed across 3 evidence-associated genes (2 with Reactome annotation).

Pathways by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 2 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

PathwayCohort genesFoldFDRSample cohort genes
SLC-mediated transport of organic anions11903.3×0.014SLC13A5
Sodium-coupled sulphate, di- and tri-carboxylate transporters11142.0×0.014SLC13A5
Adenylate cyclase activating pathway1571.0×0.014ADCY9
Adenylate cyclase inhibitory pathway1380.7×0.014ADCY9
PKA activation in glucagon signalling1335.9×0.014ADCY9
PKA activation1317.2×0.014ADCY9
Activation of GABAB receptors1300.5×0.014ADCY9
PKA-mediated phosphorylation of CREB1285.5×0.014ADCY9
GABA B receptor activation1271.9×0.014ADCY9
Anti-inflammatory response favouring Leishmania parasite infection1196.9×0.014ADCY9
Leishmania parasite growth and survival1196.9×0.014ADCY9
Calmodulin induced events1190.3×0.014ADCY9
CaM pathway1190.3×0.014ADCY9
Ca-dependent events1184.2×0.014ADCY9
Aquaporin-mediated transport1184.2×0.014ADCY9
Glucagon signaling in metabolic regulation1173.0×0.014ADCY9
G-protein mediated events1163.1×0.014ADCY9
DAG and IP3 signaling1158.6×0.014ADCY9
GABA receptor activation1158.6×0.014ADCY9
Response of endothelial cells to shear stress1150.3×0.014ADCY9
FCGR3A-mediated IL10 synthesis1146.4×0.014ADCY9
Opioid Signalling1132.8×0.014ADCY9
PLC beta mediated events1132.8×0.014ADCY9
Vasopressin regulates renal water homeostasis via Aquaporins1132.8×0.014ADCY9
Cellular responses to mechanical stimuli1129.8×0.014ADCY9
ADORA2B mediated anti-inflammatory cytokines production1126.9×0.014ADCY9
GPER1 signaling1124.1×0.014ADCY9
Transport of small molecules225.1×0.014SLC13A5, ADCY9
G alpha (z) signalling events1116.5×0.015ADCY9
Signaling by Hedgehog192.1×0.017ADCY9

GO biological processes by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 3 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

GO termCohort genesFoldFDRSample cohort genes
succinate transport15617.3×0.004SLC13A5
oxaloacetate transport12808.7×0.004SLC13A5
fumarate transport12808.7×0.004SLC13A5
citrate transport11872.4×0.004SLC13A5
alpha-ketoglutarate transport11404.3×0.004SLC13A5
pH reduction1802.5×0.006ROGDI
locomotion1510.7×0.007ROGDI
cAMP biosynthetic process1468.1×0.007ADCY9
enamel mineralization1401.2×0.007ROGDI
adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway1401.2×0.007ADCY9
cellular response to lithium ion1374.5×0.007SLC13A5
locomotor rhythm1351.1×0.007ROGDI
cellular response to glucagon stimulus1280.9×0.008ADCY9
vascular endothelial cell response to laminar fluid shear stress1244.2×0.009ADCY9
neuromuscular process1175.5×0.011ROGDI
renal water homeostasis1170.2×0.011ADCY9
odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth1100.3×0.018ROGDI
bone mineralization190.6×0.018ROGDI
hemopoiesis189.2×0.018ROGDI
neurogenesis169.3×0.022ROGDI
memory161.1×0.023ROGDI
transmembrane transport156.2×0.024SLC13A5
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway137.7×0.034ADCY9
gene expression126.6×0.045ROGDI
brain development126.5×0.045ROGDI
in utero embryonic development124.0×0.047ADCY9
response to xenobiotic stimulus123.0×0.048ROGDI
intracellular signal transduction112.7×0.082ADCY9
positive regulation of cell population proliferation111.2×0.090ROGDI
signal transduction15.3×0.176ADCY9

Therapeutics

Drug target analysis

Approved (phase 4): 0 · Phase ≥3: 0 · Phased (≥1): 0 · Undrugged: 3

Druggability breadth: 2 of 3 evidence-associated genes (67%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).

Top cohort targets by molecule count

SymbolMoleculesMax phase
ROGDI00
SLC13A500
ADCY900

Bioactivity and enzyme data

Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 0.

Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)

SymbolAssaysType breakdown
ADCY918Binding:16, Functional:2
SLC13A514Binding:11, Functional:3

Pharmacogenomics

Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 3; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.

No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).

Chemical tractability of cohort targets

0 approved/phased compounds have measured bioactivity against a cohort gene (and aren’t yet in disease-level trials). This is a research / tractability signal, NOT a therapeutic recommendation — a bioactivity row often reflects off-target or screening binding (e.g. promiscuous kinase inhibitors against a cohort kinase), implying no disease mechanism.

Druggability pyramid

Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):

TierDefinitionGenesSymbols
AApproved (phase 4 drug)0
BPhased (≥1) drug, not yet approved0
CDruggable family + PDB, no drug0
DDruggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug0
EDifficult family or no structure, no drug3ROGDI, SLC13A5, ADCY9

Undrugged target profiles

3 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).

SymbolChEMBL assaysDrugged partners (top 3)
ROGDI0
SLC13A514
ADCY918

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 2.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

PhaseTrials
Not specified2

Top trials by phase / activity

NCTPhaseStatusTitle
NCT04681781Not specifiedENROLLING_BY_INVITATIONSLC13A5 Deficiency Natural History Study - Remote Only
NCT06144957Not specifiedENROLLING_BY_INVITATIONSLC13A5 Deficiency Natural History Study - United States Only