amelogenesis imperfecta type 1C

Summary

amelogenesis imperfecta type 1C (MONDO:0008770) is a disease caused by ENAM (GenCC Strong), with 1 cohort gene.

At a glance

• Causal gene: ENAM (GenCC Strong)
• Cohort genes: 1
• ClinVar variants: 6

Clinical features

No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

Field	Value
Canonical name	amelogenesis imperfecta type 1C
Mondo ID	MONDO:0008770
MeSH	C567147
OMIM	204650
DOID	DOID:0110056
UMLS	C2673923
MedGen	388763
GARD	0015136
Is cancer (heuristic)	no

Also known as: AI1C · amelogenesis imperfecta, type 1C · amelogenesis imperfecta, type IC

Data availability: 6 ClinVar variants · 2 GenCC gene-disease records.

Disease family

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by etiologic mechanism › disease of genetic or genomic mechanism › hereditary disease › amelogenesis imperfecta › amelogenesis imperfecta type 1 › amelogenesis imperfecta type 1C

Related subtypes (5): amelogenesis imperfecta type 1B, amelogenesis imperfecta type 1A, amelogenesis imperfecta type 1H, amelogenesis imperfecta type 1F, amelogenesis imperfecta, type 1J

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

No GWAS associations recorded — common-variant (GWAS) studies don’t cover this disease (typical for Mendelian / rare diseases). See the curated gene cohort and Mendelian overlap below.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

ClinVar germline variants

6 retrieved; paginated sample, class counts are floors:

2 uncertain significance, 2 pathogenic/likely pathogenic, 2 pathogenic

ClinVar	Variant (HGVS)	Gene	Classification	Review
418735	NM_031889.3(ENAM):c.2763del (p.Asp921fs)	ENAM	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
4238	NM_031889.3(ENAM):c.1259_1260insAG (p.Pro422fs)	ENAM	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
4813874	NM_031889.3(ENAM):c.1083G>A (p.Trp361Ter)	ENAM	Pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter
488662	NM_031889.3(ENAM):c.1842C>G (p.Tyr614Ter)	ENAM	Pathogenic	no assertion criteria provided
3892288	NM_031889.3(ENAM):c.3394G>A (p.Asp1132Asn)	ENAM	Uncertain significance	criteria provided, single submitter
3892320	NM_031889.3(ENAM):c.451G>C (p.Glu151Gln)	ENAM	Uncertain significance	criteria provided, single submitter

Genes & proteins

Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers

GenCC: 7 · Orphanet: 1 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0

GenCC gene–disease validity (cohort genes)

the Disease column is the GenCC-asserted condition — a cohort gene’s strongest validity may be for a related predisposition syndrome.

Gene	Classification	Inheritance	Disease	Records
ENAM	Definitive	Autosomal dominant	amelogenesis imperfecta type 1B	7

Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)

Gene	Orphanet ID	Rare disease
ENAM	Orphanet:100031	Hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta

Cohort genes → proteins

1 cohort genes, 1 distinct canonical proteins.

Evidence partition

Subset	Genes
multi_evidence	1

Cohort genes (full)

Symbol	HGNC	Ensembl	UniProt	Name	Evidence
ENAM	HGNC:3344	ENSG00000132464	Q9NRM1	Enamelin	gencc,clinvar

Cohort function summary

Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.

Symbol	Protein name	Function (lead sentence)
ENAM	Enamelin	Involved in the mineralization and structural organization of enamel.

Protein-family classification

Druggable: 0 · Difficult: 0 · Unknown: 1 · Druggable fraction: 0.0

Family distribution

Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.

Family	Genes	Fold	FDR
Other/Unknown	1	1.8×	0.558

Per-gene assignment

Symbol	Family	Druggable?	EC	InterPro (top 3)
ENAM	Other/Unknown	no		Enamelin

Expression context

Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.

1 cohort gene are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.

Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)

Bucket	Genes
narrow (1-5 tissues)	0
moderate (6-20)	0
broad (>20)	1
unknown	0

Top tissues across cohort

Tissue	Cohort genes
cardiac muscle of right atrium	1
left ventricle myocardium	1
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	1

Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)

Symbol	Bgee breadth	FANTOM5 breadth	SCXA	Top tissues
ENAM	83	tissue_specific	marker	left ventricle myocardium, cardiac muscle of right atrium, male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis

Protein interactions among cohort

Intra-cohort edges: 0.

Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)

Symbol	Interactor count
ENAM	1,001

Structural data

PDB: 0 · AlphaFold-only: 1 · No structure: 0

AlphaFold-only cohort genes (top 30 by pLDDT)

Symbol	UniProt	pLDDT
ENAM	Q9NRM1	36.63

Function

Pathway analysis

Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 2. Enrichment computed across 1 evidence-associated genes (1 with Reactome annotation).

Pathways by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 1 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

Pathway	Cohort genes	Fold	FDR	Sample cohort genes
Post-translational protein phosphorylation	1	100.2×	0.012	ENAM
Regulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) transport and uptake by Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBPs)	1	86.5×	0.012	ENAM

GO biological processes by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 1 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

GO term	Cohort genes	Fold	FDR	Sample cohort genes
positive regulation of enamel mineralization	1	3370.4×	9e-04	ENAM
ameloblast differentiation	1	2106.5×	9e-04	ENAM
amelogenesis	1	1404.3×	9e-04	ENAM
biomineral tissue development	1	648.1×	0.002	ENAM

Therapeutics

Drug target analysis

Approved (phase 4): 0 · Phase ≥3: 0 · Phased (≥1): 0 · Undrugged: 1

Druggability breadth: 0 of 1 evidence-associated genes (0%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).

Top cohort targets by molecule count

Symbol	Molecules	Max phase
ENAM	0	0

Bioactivity and enzyme data

Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 0.

Pharmacogenomics

Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 1; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.

No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).

Chemical tractability of cohort targets

0 approved/phased compounds have measured bioactivity against a cohort gene (and aren’t yet in disease-level trials). This is a research / tractability signal, NOT a therapeutic recommendation — a bioactivity row often reflects off-target or screening binding (e.g. promiscuous kinase inhibitors against a cohort kinase), implying no disease mechanism.

Druggability pyramid

Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):

Tier	Definition	Genes	Symbols
A	Approved (phase 4 drug)	0
B	Phased (≥1) drug, not yet approved	0
C	Druggable family + PDB, no drug	0
D	Druggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug	0
E	Difficult family or no structure, no drug	1	ENAM

Undrugged target profiles

1 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).

Symbol	ChEMBL assays	Drugged partners (top 3)
ENAM	0	—

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 0.