Anaplastic large cell lymphoma

disease
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Also known as ALCLCD30 Positive anaplastic large cell lymphomaKi-1 lymphomaKi-1 positive anaplastic large cell lymphomaKi-1+ ALCLKi-1+ anaplastic large cell lymphomaprimary systemic ALCLsACL

Summary

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (MONDO:0020325) is a cancer (an umbrella term covering 5 Mondo subtypes) with 1 cohort gene (1 CIViC-evidence somatic driver) and 134 clinical trials. Molecularly, ALK Fusion confers sensitivity to Crizotinib in Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (CIViC Level A); 9 further subtype–drug associations are mapped below. Top therapeutic interventions include romidepsin, brentuximab vedotin, and cytarabine.

At a glance

  • Classification: Cancer
  • Prevalence: 1-9 / 100 000 (Europe) [Orphanet-validated]
  • Umbrella term: 5 Mondo subtypes
  • Cohort genes: 1
  • Clinical trials: 134
  • Precision-medicine evidence (CIViC): 10 subtype–drug associations

Clinical features

Epidemiology

Prevalence records

1 prevalence record(s), Orphanet:

TypeClassValueGeographyValidation
Point prevalence1-9 / 100 0002EuropeValidated

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

FieldValue
Canonical nameanaplastic large cell lymphoma
Mondo IDMONDO:0020325
EFOEFO:0003032
MeSHD017728
Orphanet98841
DOIDDOID:0050744
NCITC3720
SNOMED CT277637000
UMLSC0206180
MedGen61533
GARD0003112
Is cancer (heuristic)yes

Also known as: ALCL · anaplastic large cell lymphoma · CD30 Positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma · CD30 positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma · Ki-1 lymphoma · Ki-1 positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma · Ki-1+ ALCL · Ki-1+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma · primary systemic ALCL · sACL

Data availability: 7 cell lines.

Disease family

An umbrella term covering 5 Mondo subtypes.

Classification path: disease by etiologic mechanism › cancer or benign tumorneoplastic disease or syndromeneoplasmhematopoietic and lymphoid system neoplasmhematopoietic and lymphoid cell neoplasmlymphoid neoplasm › T-cell and NK-cell neoplasm › neoplasm of mature T-cells or NK-cellsmature T-cell and NK-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomaanaplastic large cell lymphoma

Related subtypes (7): angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, systemic Epstein-Barr virus-positive T-cell lymphoproliferative disease of childhood, hydroa vacciniforme-like lymphoma, T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia, aggressive NK-cell leukemia, breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma

Subtypes (5): central nervous system anaplastic large cell lymphoma, primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma, ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma, ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma, small cell variant anaplastic large cell lymphoma

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

No GWAS associations recorded — common-variant (GWAS) studies don’t cover this disease (typical for Mendelian / rare diseases). See the curated gene cohort and Mendelian overlap below.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

No tiered GWAS variants or ClinVar records for this disease.

Genes & proteins

Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers

GenCC: 0 · Orphanet: 8 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0

Somatic driver evidence (intOGen + CIViC, cohort fanout)

GeneintOGen roleCancer typesCIViC
ALKActBRCA,HCC,NBL,NSCLC,PROSTATE,SCLCCIViC #1

Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)

GeneOrphanet IDRare disease
ALKOrphanet:146Differentiated thyroid carcinoma
ALKOrphanet:178342Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor
ALKOrphanet:251877Ganglioneuroblastoma
ALKOrphanet:251992Ganglioneuroma
ALKOrphanet:300895ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma
ALKOrphanet:364043ALK-positive large B-cell lymphoma
ALKOrphanet:626Large/giant congenital melanocytic nevus
ALKOrphanet:635Neuroblastoma

Cohort genes → proteins

1 cohort genes, 1 distinct canonical proteins.

Evidence partition

SubsetGenes
civic_only1

Cohort genes (full)

SymbolHGNCEnsemblUniProtNameEvidence
ALKHGNC:427ENSG00000171094Q9UM73ALK tyrosine kinase receptorcivic_evidence

Cohort function summary

Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.

SymbolProtein nameFunction (lead sentence)
ALKALK tyrosine kinase receptorNeuronal receptor tyrosine kinase that is essentially and transiently expressed in specific regions of the central and peripheral nervous systems and plays an important role in the genesis and differentiation of the nervous system.

Protein-family classification

Druggable: 1 · Difficult: 0 · Unknown: 0 · Druggable fraction: 1.0

Family distribution

Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.

FamilyGenesFoldFDR
Kinase127.7×0.036

Per-gene assignment

SymbolFamilyDruggable?ECInterPro (top 3)
ALKKinaseyes2.7.10.1Prot_kinase_dom, MAM_dom, Ser-Thr/Tyr_kinase_cat_dom

Expression context

Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.

1 cohort gene are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.

Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)

BucketGenes
narrow (1-5 tissues)0
moderate (6-20)0
broad (>20)1
unknown0

Top tissues across cohort

TissueCohort genes
male germ cell1
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis1
sperm1

Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)

SymbolBgee breadthFANTOM5 breadthSCXATop tissues
ALK181broadmarkersperm, male germ cell, male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis

Protein interactions among cohort

Intra-cohort edges: 0.

Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)

SymbolInteractor count
ALK4,792

Structural data

PDB: 1 · AlphaFold-only: 0 · No structure: 0

Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)

SymbolUniProtPDB entries
ALKQ9UM7379

Function

Pathway analysis

Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 17. Enrichment computed across 1 evidence-associated genes (1 with Reactome annotation).

Pathways by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 1 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

PathwayCohort genesFoldFDRSample cohort genes
Drug resistance of ALK mutants111420.0×2e-04ALK
ASP-3026-resistant ALK mutants111420.0×2e-04ALK
NVP-TAE684-resistant ALK mutants111420.0×2e-04ALK
alectinib-resistant ALK mutants111420.0×2e-04ALK
brigatinib-resistant ALK mutants111420.0×2e-04ALK
ceritinib-resistant ALK mutants111420.0×2e-04ALK
crizotinib-resistant ALK mutants111420.0×2e-04ALK
lorlatinib-resistant ALK mutants111420.0×2e-04ALK
MDK and PTN in ALK signaling12855.0×7e-04ALK
ALK mutants bind TKIs1951.7×0.002ALK
Signaling by ALK1571.0×0.003ALK
Signaling by ALK in cancer1271.9×0.005ALK
Signaling by ALK fusions and activated point mutants1150.3×0.009ALK
Diseases of signal transduction by growth factor receptors and second messengers156.8×0.021ALK
Signaling by Receptor Tyrosine Kinases151.7×0.022ALK
Disease113.1×0.081ALK
Signal Transduction110.2×0.098ALK

GO biological processes by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 1 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

GO termCohort genesFoldFDRSample cohort genes
response to environmental enrichment18426.0×0.002ALK
regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway14213.0×0.002ALK
swimming behavior13370.4×0.002ALK
response to stress12407.4×0.002ALK
peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation11872.4×0.002ALK
phosphorylation11296.3×0.002ALK
positive regulation of dendrite development1991.3×0.003ALK
negative regulation of lipid catabolic process1842.6×0.003ALK
regulation of neuron differentiation1732.7×0.003ALK
adult behavior1468.1×0.004ALK
energy homeostasis1271.8×0.006ALK
neuron development1255.3×0.006ALK
hippocampus development1230.8×0.006ALK
obsolete positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity1205.5×0.007ALK
cell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway1173.7×0.007ALK
protein autophosphorylation1145.3×0.008ALK
regulation of cell population proliferation1115.4×0.010ALK
regulation of apoptotic process183.4×0.013ALK
signal transduction116.1×0.062ALK

Therapeutics

Drugs indicated for this disease

1 approved, 2 in late-stage (phase 3) trials. Disease-direct ChEMBL indications, not inferred from the associated-gene cohort below.

DrugDevelopment status
Brentuximab VedotinApproved (phase 4)
BexarotenePhase 3 (in late-stage trials)
MethotrexatePhase 3 (in late-stage trials)

Earlier-phase candidates (phase 2, investigational — efficacy not yet established): Alectinib, Belinostat, Brigatinib, Ceritinib, Cisplatin, Crizotinib, Cytarabine, Dexamethasone, Doxorubicin, Etoposide, Filgrastim, Fludarabine Phosphate, Gemcitabine, Ifosfamide, Ixabepilone, Lorlatinib, Melphalan, Methylprednisolone, Mycophenolate Mofetil, Nivolumab, Prednisolone, Prednisone, Rasburicase, Rituximab, Romidepsin, SGN-30, TOSITUMOMAB 131I, Tacrolimus Anhydrous, Tanespimycin, Venetoclax, Vincristine, Vinorelbine, YTTRIUM Y 90 IBRITUMOMAB TIUXETAN.

Drug target analysis

Approved (phase 4): 1 · Phase ≥3: 1 · Phased (≥1): 1 · Undrugged: 0

Druggability breadth: 1 of 1 evidence-associated genes (100%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).

Genes with an approved drug

The molecule shown is one approved compound that hits the gene — not necessarily a drug of choice or one indicated for this disease.

SymbolExample approved molecule
ALKCERITINIB

Top cohort targets by molecule count

SymbolMoleculesMax phase
ALK614

Drugs targeting cohort genes (top 30)

MoleculeMax phaseTargets in cohort
CERITINIB4ALK
BOSUTINIB4ALK
CRIZOTINIB4ALK
ALECTINIB4ALK
ENTRECTINIB4ALK
LORLATINIB4ALK
GILTERITINIB4ALK
OSIMERTINIB4ALK
BRIGATINIB4ALK
REPOTRECTINIB4ALK
FEDRATINIB4ALK
RUXOLITINIB4ALK
INFIGRATINIB PHOSPHATE4ALK
INFIGRATINIB4ALK
PALBOCICLIB4ALK
VANDETANIB4ALK
UPADACITINIB4ALK
PAZOPANIB4ALK
NINTEDANIB4ALK
SUNITINIB4ALK
ERLOTINIB4ALK
MIDOSTAURIN4ALK
DACTOLISIB3ALK
LINIFANIB3ALK
SEMAXANIB3ALK
CANERTINIB3ALK
ROCILETINIB3ALK
ALVOCIDIB3ALK
CEDIRANIB3ALK
QUERCETIN3ALK

Bioactivity and enzyme data

Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 1.

Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)

SymbolAssaysType breakdown
ALK1,815Binding:1801, Functional:13, ADMET:1

Cohort enzymes (BRENDA EC)

SymbolEC numbersNames
ALK2.7.10.1receptor protein-tyrosine kinase

Cohort genes with high screening signal

≥100 ChEMBL assays — a studied-ness signal; see Therapeutics for approved-drug status.

SymbolChEMBL assays
ALK1,815

Pharmacogenomics

Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 1; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.

No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).

Drug repurposing candidates

27 approved/phased drugs hit cohort targets but don’t yet appear in disease-level clinical trials. Target-inhibition rationale is strongest for cancer driver genes; a bioactivity hit is a screening signal, not a treatment claim.

CompoundMax phaseCohort target (bioactivity)
BOSUTINIB4ALK
ENTRECTINIB4ALK
LORLATINIB4ALK
GILTERITINIB4ALK
OSIMERTINIB4ALK
BRIGATINIB4ALK
REPOTRECTINIB4ALK
FEDRATINIB4ALK
RUXOLITINIB4ALK
INFIGRATINIB PHOSPHATE4ALK
INFIGRATINIB4ALK
PALBOCICLIB4ALK
VANDETANIB4ALK
UPADACITINIB4ALK
PAZOPANIB4ALK
NINTEDANIB4ALK
SUNITINIB4ALK
ERLOTINIB4ALK
MIDOSTAURIN4ALK
DACTOLISIB3ALK
LINIFANIB3ALK
SEMAXANIB3ALK
CANERTINIB3ALK
ROCILETINIB3ALK
ALVOCIDIB3ALK
CEDIRANIB3ALK
QUERCETIN3ALK

Druggability pyramid

Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):

TierDefinitionGenesSymbols
AApproved (phase 4 drug)1ALK
BPhased (≥1) drug, not yet approved0
CDruggable family + PDB, no drug0
DDruggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug0
EDifficult family or no structure, no drug0

Undrugged target profiles

0 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 134.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

PhaseTrials
PHASE150
PHASE245
PHASE1/PHASE218
Not specified14
EARLY_PHASE13
PHASE2/PHASE32
PHASE41
PHASE31

Top trials by phase / activity

NCTPhaseStatusTitle
NCT05160922PHASE4ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITINGCrizotinib Continuation Clinical Study
NCT05770037PHASE2/PHASE3RECRUITINGDETERMINE Trial Treatment Arm 01: Alectinib in Adult, Paediatric and Teenage/Young Adult Patients With ALK Positive Cancers
NCT01777152PHASE3COMPLETEDECHELON-2: A Comparison of Brentuximab Vedotin and CHP With Standard-of-care CHOP in the Treatment of Patients With CD30-positive Mature T-cell Lymphomas
NCT04021082PHASE2/PHASE3WITHDRAWNCELTIC-1: A Phase 2B Study of Cerdulatinib in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma (PTCL)
NCT02978625PHASE2ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITINGTalimogene Laherparepvec and Nivolumab in Treating Patients With Refractory Lymphomas or Advanced or Refractory Non-melanoma Skin Cancers
NCT03278782PHASE1/PHASE2ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITINGStudy of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in Combination With Romidepsin
NCT03598998PHASE1/PHASE2ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITINGPembrolizumab and Pralatrexate in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas
NCT04195633PHASE2RECRUITINGDonor Stem Cell Transplant With Treosulfan, Fludarabine, and Total-Body Irradiation for the Treatment of Hematological Malignancies
NCT06137144PHASE1/PHASE2RECRUITINGAZD3470 as Monotherapy or in Combination With Anticancer Agent(s) in Participants With Haematologic Malignancies.
NCT07535762PHASE2NOT_YET_RECRUITINGAclarubicin Plus Cyclophosphamide, Vincristine, and Prednisone (CAOP) in Patients With Previously Untreated Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma
NCT00001337PHASE2COMPLETEDDose-Adjusted EPOCH Chemotherapy and Rituximab (CD20+) in Previously Untreated Aggressive Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
NCT00005080PHASE2COMPLETED506U78 in Treating Patients With Lymphoma
NCT00006251PHASE1/PHASE2COMPLETEDFludarabine Phosphate, Low-Dose Total-Body Irradiation, and Donor Stem Cell Transplant Followed by Cyclosporine, Mycophenolate Mofetil, Donor Lymphocyte Infusion in Treating Patients With Hematopoietic Cancer
NCT00016094PHASE2COMPLETEDS0108 Bevacizumab in Treating Patients With Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
NCT00040846PHASE2COMPLETEDAlemtuzumab, Fludarabine Phosphate, and Low-Dose Total Body Irradiation Before Donor Stem Cell Transplantation in Treating Patients With Hematological Malignancies
NCT00049504PHASE2COMPLETEDHaploidentical Donor Bone Marrow Transplant in Treating Patients With High-Risk Hematologic Cancer
NCT00058019PHASE2COMPLETEDIxabepilone in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Aggressive Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
NCT00072514PHASE2COMPLETEDGemcitabine Hydrochloride, Carboplatin, Dexamethasone, and Rituximab in Treating Patients With Previously Treated Lymphoid Malignancies
NCT00073918PHASE2COMPLETEDIodine I 131 Tositumomab, Etoposide and Cyclophosphamide Followed by Autologous Stem Cell Transplant in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
NCT00078858PHASE1/PHASE2COMPLETEDMycophenolate Mofetil and Cyclosporine in Reducing Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies or Metastatic Kidney Cancer Undergoing Donor Stem Cell Transplant
NCT00079755PHASE2COMPLETEDStudy of SGN-30 (Antibody) in Patients With Refractory or Recurrent Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma
NCT00082888PHASE2COMPLETEDTipifarnib in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Lymphoma
NCT00089011PHASE2COMPLETEDTacrolimus and Mycophenolate Mofetil in Preventing Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Patients Who Have Undergone Total-Body Irradiation With or Without Fludarabine Phosphate Followed by Donor Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplant for Hematologic Cancer
NCT00112723PHASE1/PHASE2TERMINATEDFlavopiridol in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Lymphoma or Multiple Myeloma
NCT00117988PHASE2COMPLETED17-AAG in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma, Mantle Cell Lymphoma, or Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
NCT00118352PHASE2COMPLETEDAlemtuzumab, Fludarabine Phosphate, and Total-Body Irradiation Followed by Cyclosporine and Mycophenolate Mofetil in Treating Patients Who Are Undergoing Donor Stem Cell Transplant for Hematologic Cancer
NCT00131937PHASE2COMPLETEDSorafenib Tosylate in Treating Patients With Recurrent Aggressive Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
NCT00278382PHASE2COMPLETEDSorafenib in Treating Patients With Recurrent Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
NCT00310128PHASE2WITHDRAWNCombination Chemotherapy Followed by Rituximab and Yttrium Y 90 Ibritumomab Tiuxetan in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory AIDS-Related Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
NCT00354107PHASE1/PHASE2TERMINATEDIfosfamide, Carboplatin, Etoposide, and SGN-30 in Treating Young Patients With Recurrent Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma
NCT00365274PHASE2TERMINATEDSGN-30 and Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Patients With Newly Diagnosed Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma
NCT00601718PHASE1/PHASE2COMPLETEDVorinostat, Rituximab, Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, and Etoposide in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Lymphoma or Previously Untreated T-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma or Mantle Cell Lymphoma
NCT00644189PHASE1/PHASE2COMPLETEDOral Clofarabine for Relapsed/Refractory Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
NCT00801918PHASE2WITHDRAWNDenileukine Diftitox for Relapsed ALCL
NCT00901147PHASE2COMPLETEDStudy of Bortezomib and Panobinostat in Treating Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma or NK/T-cell Lymphoma
NCT00918333PHASE1/PHASE2COMPLETEDPanobinostat and Everolimus in Treating Patients With Recurrent Multiple Myeloma, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, or Hodgkin Lymphoma
NCT00939770PHASE1/PHASE2COMPLETEDCrizotinib in Treating Younger Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Solid Tumors or Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma
NCT01028716PHASE2TERMINATEDDonor Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplant in Treating Patients With Hematologic Malignancies
NCT01035463PHASE1/PHASE2COMPLETEDLenalidomide Therapy After Chemotherapy & Stem Cell Transplant in Treating Chemotherapy Resistan Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
NCT01075321PHASE1/PHASE2COMPLETEDEverolimus and Lenalidomide in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Non-Hodgkin or Hodgkin Lymphoma

Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)

MoleculeMax phaseTrials referencing
ROMIDEPSIN45
BRENTUXIMAB VEDOTIN44
CYTARABINE44
BELINOSTAT43
BENDAMUSTINE HYDROCHLORIDE43
PANOBINOSTAT43
PROCHLORPERAZINE43
ALECTINIB42
ALEMTUZUMAB42
CRIZOTINIB42
IMATINIB42
PRALATREXATE42
SORAFENIB TOSYLATE42
YTTRIUM Y 90 IBRITUMOMAB TIUXETAN42
CERITINIB41
CLOFARABINE41
DEFERASIROX41
DENILEUKIN DIFTITOX41
DOCUSATE41
DUVELISIB41
FOSCARNET41
FOSCARNET SODIUM41
GANCICLOVIR41
ISOTRETINOIN41
IXABEPILONE41
LACTULOSE41
MYCOPHENOLATE SODIUM41
NELARABINE41
OMEPRAZOLE41
TALIMOGENE LAHERPAREPVEC41

Precision-medicine subtype map (CIViC)

Drug × molecular subtype: 10 predictive associations from 15 curated evidence items.

Molecular subtypeTherapyEffectLevelCIViC
ALK FusionCrizotinibSensitivity/ResponseCIViC AEID11218 +4
NPM1::ALK FusionCrizotinibSensitivity/ResponseCIViC BEID1241 +1
ALK FusionCeritinibSensitivity/ResponseCIViC CEID7546
ALK F1174L AND NPM1::ALK FusionCeritinibResistanceCIViC DEID12658
ALK G1269A AND NPM1::ALK FusionCrizotinibResistanceCIViC DEID12654
ALK I1171CrizotinibResistanceCIViC DEID4612
ALK L1196QCrizotinibResistanceCIViC DEID4609
NPM1::ALK Fusion AND ALK I1171NCrizotinibResistanceCIViC DEID4632
NPM1::ALK Fusion AND ALK I1171SCrizotinibResistanceCIViC DEID12653
NPM1::ALK Fusion AND ALK T1151MCeritinibResistanceCIViC DEID12659