Arthritic joint disease
diseaseOn this page
Also known as arthritisinflammation of skeletal jointinflammatory disorder of jointskeletal joint inflammation
Summary
Arthritic joint disease (MONDO:0005578) is a disease (an umbrella term covering 13 Mondo subtypes) with 3 cohort genes (20 GWAS associations across 54 studies) and 329 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include sumatriptan, adalimumab, and betamethasone.
At a glance
- Umbrella term: 13 Mondo subtypes
- Cohort genes: 3
- GWAS associations: 20
- ClinVar variants: 7
- Clinical trials: 329
Clinical features
No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.
Identifiers
Disease identifiers
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Canonical name | arthritic joint disease |
| Mondo ID | MONDO:0005578 |
| EFO | EFO:0005856 |
| MeSH | D001168 |
| DOID | DOID:848 |
| NCIT | C2883 |
| SNOMED CT | 3723001 |
| UMLS | C0003864 |
| MedGen | 2043 |
| Is cancer (heuristic) | no |
Also known as: arthritis · inflammation of skeletal joint · inflammatory disorder of joint · skeletal joint inflammation
Data availability: 7 ClinVar variants · 20 GWAS associations (54 studies).
Disease family
An umbrella term covering 13 Mondo subtypes.
Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › musculoskeletal system disorder › skeletal system disorder › bone disorder › bone inflammation disease › arthritic joint disease
Related subtypes (5): mastoiditis, epicondylitis, Osgood-Schlatter disease, osteomyelitis, Caffey disease
Subtypes (13): chondrocalcinosis, transient arthritis, synovitis, osteoarthritis, periarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, reactive arthritis, adult-onset Still disease, polyarticular arthritis, infective arthritis, negative rheumatoid factor polyarthritis, hemophilic arthropathy
Genetics & variants
GWAS landscape
20 GWAS associations across 54 studies. Top hits map to 5 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).
Top associations by p-value
| rsID | p-value | Gene | Risk allele | Odds ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs73184880 | 8e-12 | NKILA - LINC01742 | G | 2.42 |
| rs190394916 | 9e-12 | SLIT1 | C | 3.85 |
| rs570160466 | 1e-11 | MICA-AS1 | C | 0.15 |
| rs560819378 | 4e-11 | RN7SL336P - SRSF12 | A | 1.68 |
| chr2:70491888 | 9e-11 | G | 0.05 | |
| chr8:17574133 | 2e-09 | T | 2.53 | |
| rs76525222 | 1e-08 | TDRD9 | ? | |
| chr18:28075764 | 2e-08 | C | 1.81 | |
| chr3:50060753 | 2e-08 | CA | 0.04 | |
| chr4:102267552 | 2e-08 | T | 0.08 | |
| chr7:114350297 | 2e-08 | T | 0.04 | |
| chr3:46182717 | 4e-08 | C | 2.3 | |
| chr6:31975901 | 4e-08 | A | 0.1 | |
| rs12932003 | 5e-08 | BCO1 - GAN | A | 0.57 |
| chr19:1939439 | 5e-08 | TTTTTTTTTTTTG | 0.04 | |
| chr22:41928328 | 5e-08 | G | 2.37 | |
| rs7857730 | 3e-06 | JAK2 | C | 0.19 |
| rs9616915 | 5e-06 | SHANK3 | ? | 0.5 |
| rs497871 | 8e-06 | REXO2 - NXPE2P1 | G | 0.2 |
| rs61199332 | 9e-06 | BLK-AS1 - LINC00208 | A | 0.44 |
Top studies (by case count)
| Study | Lead author | Year | Cases | Controls | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GCST90129429 | Zorina-Lichtenwalter K | 2023 | 80,737 | 157,458 | Genetic risk shared across 24 chronic pain conditions: identification and characterization with genomic structural equation modeling. |
| GCST90479424 | Verma A | 2024 | 71,811 | 243,857 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90474012 | UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium | 2025 | 42,885 | 415,555 | Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90667790 | UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium | 2025 | 42,885 | 415,555 | Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90479427 | Verma A | 2024 | 29,828 | 285,840 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90691981 | Karczewski KJ | 2025 | 20,094 | 372,332 | Pan-UK Biobank genome-wide association analyses enhance discovery and resolution of ancestry-enriched effects. |
| GCST90080405 | Backman JD | 2021 | 17,422 | 365,539 | Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90084391 | Backman JD | 2021 | 17,422 | 365,539 | Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90436657 | Zhou W | 2018 | 15,790 | 365,819 | Efficiently controlling for case-control imbalance and sample relatedness in large-scale genetic association studies. |
| GCST90080404 | Backman JD | 2021 | 15,502 | 372,428 | Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants. |
Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers
Tier distribution (top 50 variants)
| Tier | Variants |
|---|---|
| Tier 1: coding | 1 |
| Tier 2: splice/UTR | 0 |
| Tier 3: regulatory | 0 |
| Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | 19 |
MAF distribution
| Bucket | Variants |
|---|---|
| common (>=0.05) | 6 |
| low_freq (0.01-0.05) | 1 |
| rare (<0.01) | 3 |
| unknown | 10 |
Functional consequences
| Consequence | Count |
|---|---|
| unknown | 10 |
| intergenic_variant | 5 |
| intron_variant | 4 |
| missense_variant | 1 |
Top variants
| rsID | Chr | Pos | Alleles | MAF | Consequence | Gene | p-value | Tier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs73184880 | 20 | 57755831 | G>A,T | 0.001 | intergenic_variant | NKILA - LINC01742 | 8e-12 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs190394916 | 10 | 97056235 | C>T | 0 | intron_variant | SLIT1 | 9e-12 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs570160466 | 6 | 31388556 | C>A,T | 0.034 | intron_variant | MICA-AS1 | 1e-11 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs560819378 | 6 | 89092015 | A>G | 0.001 | intergenic_variant | RN7SL336P - SRSF12 | 4e-11 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| chr2:70491888 | 9e-11 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr8:17574133 | 2e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| rs76525222 | 14 | 103931872 | A>G | 0.05 | intron_variant | TDRD9 | 1e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| chr18:28075764 | 2e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr3:50060753 | 2e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr4:102267552 | 2e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr7:114350297 | 2e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr3:46182717 | 4e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr6:31975901 | 4e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| rs12932003 | 16 | 81292633 | A>G,T | 0.4 | intergenic_variant | BCO1 - GAN | 5e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| chr19:1939439 | 5e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr22:41928328 | 5e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| rs7857730 | 9 | 5084049 | G>A,T | 0.05 | intron_variant | JAK2 | 3e-06 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs9616915 | 22 | 50679152 | T>C | 0.05 | missense_variant | SHANK3 | 5e-06 | Tier 1: coding |
| rs497871 | 11 | 114476929 | A>G | 0.05 | intergenic_variant | REXO2 - NXPE2P1 | 8e-06 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs61199332 | 8 | 11573132 | C>T | 0.05 | intergenic_variant | BLK-AS1 - LINC00208 | 9e-06 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
ClinVar germline variants
7 retrieved; paginated sample, class counts are floors:
3 uncertain significance, 2 pathogenic, 2 likely pathogenic
| ClinVar | Variant (HGVS) | Gene | Classification | Review |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 684430 | NM_005045.4(RELN):c.7456A>G (p.Ser2486Gly) | RELN | Pathogenic | no assertion criteria provided |
| 989389 | NM_003177.7(SYK):c.1649C>A (p.Ser550Tyr) | SYK | Pathogenic | criteria provided, single submitter |
| 989237 | NM_003177.7(SYK):c.1350G>A (p.Met450Ile) | SYK | Likely pathogenic | criteria provided, single submitter |
| 989387 | NM_003177.7(SYK):c.1024C>A (p.Pro342Thr) | SYK | Likely pathogenic | criteria provided, single submitter |
| 2570675 | NM_015089.4(CUL9):c.7237C>T (p.Arg2413Trp) | CUL9 | Uncertain significance | criteria provided, single submitter |
| 2570677 | NM_015089.4(CUL9):c.2732C>T (p.Pro911Leu) | CUL9 | Uncertain significance | criteria provided, single submitter |
| 989236 | NM_003177.7(SYK):c.1057G>A (p.Ala353Thr) | SYK | Uncertain significance | criteria provided, single submitter |
Genes & proteins
Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers
GenCC: 0 · Orphanet: 3 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0
Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)
| Gene | Orphanet ID | Rare disease |
|---|---|---|
| SYK | Orphanet:695807 | Immunodeficiency-systemic inflammation-lymphoma predisposition syndrome |
| RELN | Orphanet:101046 | Epilepsy with auditory features |
| RELN | Orphanet:89844 | Lissencephaly syndrome, Norman-Roberts type |
Cohort genes → proteins
3 cohort genes, 3 distinct canonical proteins.
Evidence partition
| Subset | Genes |
|---|---|
| multi_evidence | 3 |
Cohort genes (full)
| Symbol | HGNC | Ensembl | UniProt | Name | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SYK | HGNC:11491 | ENSG00000165025 | P43405 | Tyrosine-protein kinase SYK | clinvar |
| CUL9 | HGNC:15982 | ENSG00000112659 | Q8IWT3 | Cullin-9 | clinvar |
| RELN | HGNC:9957 | ENSG00000189056 | P78509 | Reelin | clinvar |
Cohort function summary
Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.
| Symbol | Protein name | Function (lead sentence) |
|---|---|---|
| SYK | Tyrosine-protein kinase SYK | Non-receptor tyrosine kinase which mediates signal transduction downstream of a variety of transmembrane receptors including classical immunoreceptors like the B-cell receptor (BCR). |
| CUL9 | Cullin-9 | Core component of a Cul9-RING ubiquitin-protein ligase complex composed of CUL9 and RBX1. |
| RELN | Reelin | Extracellular matrix serine protease secreted by pioneer neurons that plays a role in layering of neurons in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum by coordinating cell positioning during neurodevelopment. |
Protein-family classification
Druggable: 1 · Difficult: 1 · Unknown: 1 · Druggable fraction: 0.33
Family distribution
Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.
| Family | Genes | Fold | FDR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kinase | 1 | 9.2× | 0.313 |
| Transcription factor | 1 | 2.8× | 0.482 |
| Other/Unknown | 1 | 0.6× | 0.914 |
Per-gene assignment
| Symbol | Family | Druggable? | EC | InterPro (top 3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SYK | Kinase | yes | 2.7.10.2 | Prot_kinase_dom, SH2, Ser-Thr/Tyr_kinase_cat_dom |
| CUL9 | Transcription factor | no | Znf_RING, IBR_dom, APC_su10/DOC_dom | |
| RELN | Other/Unknown | no | EGF, Reeler_dom, EGF_extracell |
Expression context
Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.
3 cohort genes are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.
Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)
| Bucket | Genes |
|---|---|
| narrow (1-5 tissues) | 0 |
| moderate (6-20) | 0 |
| broad (>20) | 3 |
| unknown | 0 |
Top tissues across cohort
| Tissue | Cohort genes |
|---|---|
| leukocyte | 1 |
| monocyte | 1 |
| mononuclear cell | 1 |
| left testis | 1 |
| right frontal lobe | 1 |
| right testis | 1 |
| cerebellar vermis | 1 |
| cerebellum | 1 |
| olfactory bulb | 1 |
Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)
| Symbol | Bgee breadth | FANTOM5 breadth | SCXA | Top tissues |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SYK | 239 | broad | marker | monocyte, mononuclear cell, leukocyte |
| CUL9 | 275 | ubiquitous | marker | right testis, left testis, right frontal lobe |
| RELN | 254 | broad | marker | olfactory bulb, cerebellar vermis, cerebellum |
Protein interactions among cohort
Intra-cohort edges: 0.
Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)
| Symbol | Interactor count |
|---|---|
| SYK | 5,172 |
| RELN | 2,305 |
| CUL9 | 1,551 |
Structural data
PDB: 3 · AlphaFold-only: 0 · No structure: 0
Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)
| Symbol | UniProt | PDB entries |
|---|---|---|
| SYK | P43405 | 93 |
| CUL9 | Q8IWT3 | 4 |
| RELN | P78509 | 1 |
Function
Pathway analysis
Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 49. Enrichment computed across 3 evidence-associated genes (3 with Reactome annotation).
Pathways by enrichment
Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 3 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.
| Pathway | Cohort genes | Fold | FDR | Sample cohort genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reelin signalling pathway | 1 | 634.4× | 0.018 | RELN |
| FLT3 signaling through SRC family kinases | 1 | 543.8× | 0.018 | SYK |
| Interleukin-2 signaling | 1 | 317.2× | 0.018 | SYK |
| FCGR activation | 1 | 292.8× | 0.018 | SYK |
| Interleukin-2 family signaling | 1 | 211.5× | 0.018 | SYK |
| Role of LAT2/NTAL/LAB on calcium mobilization | 1 | 200.3× | 0.018 | SYK |
| Signaling by CSF3 (G-CSF) | 1 | 190.3× | 0.018 | SYK |
| Regulation of signaling by CBL | 1 | 165.5× | 0.018 | SYK |
| DAP12 interactions | 1 | 158.6× | 0.018 | SYK |
| Role of phospholipids in phagocytosis | 1 | 152.3× | 0.018 | SYK |
| Platelet Aggregation (Plug Formation) | 1 | 146.4× | 0.018 | SYK |
| Inactivation of CSF3 (G-CSF) signaling | 1 | 146.4× | 0.018 | SYK |
| Integrin signaling | 1 | 141.0× | 0.018 | SYK |
| Dectin-2 family | 1 | 141.0× | 0.018 | SYK |
| Anti-inflammatory response favouring Leishmania parasite infection | 1 | 131.3× | 0.018 | SYK |
| Leishmania parasite growth and survival | 1 | 131.3× | 0.018 | SYK |
| DAP12 signaling | 1 | 122.8× | 0.018 | SYK |
| FCERI mediated Ca+2 mobilization | 1 | 119.0× | 0.018 | SYK |
| Antigen activates B Cell Receptor (BCR) leading to generation of second messengers | 1 | 119.0× | 0.018 | SYK |
| FCERI mediated MAPK activation | 1 | 115.3× | 0.018 | SYK |
| FLT3 Signaling | 1 | 115.3× | 0.018 | SYK |
| Parasite infection | 1 | 115.3× | 0.018 | SYK |
| Leishmania phagocytosis | 1 | 115.3× | 0.018 | SYK |
| Signaling by the B Cell Receptor (BCR) | 1 | 115.3× | 0.018 | SYK |
| Interleukin-3, Interleukin-5 and GM-CSF signaling | 1 | 105.7× | 0.018 | SYK |
| GPVI-mediated activation cascade | 1 | 102.9× | 0.018 | SYK |
| FCGR3A-mediated IL10 synthesis | 1 | 97.6× | 0.019 | SYK |
| Fcgamma receptor (FCGR) dependent phagocytosis | 1 | 92.8× | 0.019 | SYK |
| Fc epsilon receptor (FCERI) signaling | 1 | 90.6× | 0.019 | SYK |
| C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) | 1 | 79.3× | 0.021 | SYK |
GO biological processes by enrichment
Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 3 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.
| GO term | Cohort genes | Fold | FDR | Sample cohort genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| spinal cord patterning | 1 | 5617.3× | 0.004 | RELN |
| positive regulation of interleukin-3 production | 1 | 5617.3× | 0.004 | SYK |
| regulation of superoxide anion generation | 1 | 5617.3× | 0.004 | SYK |
| regulation of arachidonate secretion | 1 | 5617.3× | 0.004 | SYK |
| positive regulation of lateral motor column neuron migration | 1 | 5617.3× | 0.004 | RELN |
| regulation of neutrophil degranulation | 1 | 2808.7× | 0.006 | SYK |
| cellular response to lectin | 1 | 2808.7× | 0.006 | SYK |
| leukocyte activation involved in immune response | 1 | 1872.4× | 0.006 | SYK |
| serotonin secretion by platelet | 1 | 1872.4× | 0.006 | SYK |
| beta selection | 1 | 1872.4× | 0.006 | SYK |
| lateral motor column neuron migration | 1 | 1872.4× | 0.006 | RELN |
| cerebral cortex tangential migration | 1 | 1404.3× | 0.006 | RELN |
| regulation of synaptic activity | 1 | 1404.3× | 0.006 | RELN |
| cellular response to molecule of fungal origin | 1 | 1404.3× | 0.006 | SYK |
| positive regulation of mast cell cytokine production | 1 | 1123.5× | 0.007 | SYK |
| NMDA glutamate receptor clustering | 1 | 1123.5× | 0.007 | RELN |
| regulation of platelet activation | 1 | 936.2× | 0.007 | SYK |
| positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation | 1 | 936.2× | 0.007 | SYK |
| postsynaptic density protein 95 clustering | 1 | 936.2× | 0.007 | RELN |
| interleukin-3-mediated signaling pathway | 1 | 802.5× | 0.007 | SYK |
| regulation of platelet aggregation | 1 | 802.5× | 0.007 | SYK |
| gamma-delta T cell differentiation | 1 | 702.2× | 0.007 | SYK |
| positive regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction | 1 | 702.2× | 0.007 | RELN |
| receptor localization to synapse | 1 | 702.2× | 0.007 | RELN |
| lymph vessel development | 1 | 624.1× | 0.007 | SYK |
| neutrophil activation involved in immune response | 1 | 624.1× | 0.007 | SYK |
| ventral spinal cord development | 1 | 624.1× | 0.007 | RELN |
| positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation | 1 | 624.1× | 0.007 | SYK |
| positive regulation of synapse maturation | 1 | 624.1× | 0.007 | RELN |
| postsynaptic density assembly | 1 | 624.1× | 0.007 | RELN |
Therapeutics
Drugs indicated for this disease
13 approved, 1 in late-stage (phase 3) trials. Disease-direct ChEMBL indications, not inferred from the associated-gene cohort below.
| Drug | Development status |
|---|---|
| Acetaminophen | Approved (phase 4) |
| Adalimumab | Approved (phase 4) |
| Aspirin | Approved (phase 4) |
| Camphor | Approved (phase 4) |
| Capsaicin | Approved (phase 4) |
| Ibuprofen | Approved (phase 4) |
| Lidocaine | Approved (phase 4) |
| Menthol | Approved (phase 4) |
| Methotrexate | Approved (phase 4) |
| Methyl Salicylate | Approved (phase 4) |
| Naproxen | Approved (phase 4) |
| Penicillin V | Approved (phase 4) |
| Prednisone | Approved (phase 4) |
| Etanercept | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
Drug target analysis
Approved (phase 4): 1 · Phase ≥3: 1 · Phased (≥1): 1 · Undrugged: 2
Druggability breadth: 2 of 3 evidence-associated genes (67%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).
Genes with an approved drug
The molecule shown is one approved compound that hits the gene — not necessarily a drug of choice or one indicated for this disease.
| Symbol | Example approved molecule |
|---|---|
| SYK | FEDRATINIB |
Top cohort targets by molecule count
| Symbol | Molecules | Max phase |
|---|---|---|
| SYK | 54 | 4 |
| CUL9 | 0 | 0 |
| RELN | 0 | 0 |
Drugs targeting cohort genes (top 30)
| Molecule | Max phase | Targets in cohort |
|---|---|---|
| FEDRATINIB | 4 | SYK |
| NERATINIB | 4 | SYK |
| INFIGRATINIB PHOSPHATE | 4 | SYK |
| INFIGRATINIB | 4 | SYK |
| ENTRECTINIB | 4 | SYK |
| FOSTAMATINIB | 4 | SYK |
| CERITINIB | 4 | SYK |
| BOSUTINIB | 4 | SYK |
| GILTERITINIB | 4 | SYK |
| FOSTAMATINIB DISODIUM | 4 | SYK |
| PAZOPANIB | 4 | SYK |
| DASATINIB | 4 | SYK |
| ERLOTINIB | 4 | SYK |
| CRIZOTINIB | 4 | SYK |
| MIDOSTAURIN | 4 | SYK |
| IMATINIB | 4 | SYK |
| ENTOSPLETINIB | 3 | SYK |
| CEDIRANIB | 3 | SYK |
| QUERCETIN | 3 | SYK |
| LESTAURTINIB | 3 | SYK |
| FORETINIB | 2 | SYK |
| LUTEOLIN | 2 | SYK |
| REBASTINIB | 2 | SYK |
| APITOLISIB | 2 | SYK |
| CENISERTIB | 2 | SYK |
| ADAVOSERTIB | 2 | SYK |
| ILORASERTIB | 2 | SYK |
| R-343 | 2 | SYK |
| FISETIN | 2 | SYK |
| TOP-1288 | 2 | SYK |
Bioactivity and enzyme data
Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 1.
Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)
| Symbol | Assays | Type breakdown |
|---|---|---|
| SYK | 873 | Binding:863, Functional:10 |
| CUL9 | 2 | Binding:2 |
Cohort enzymes (BRENDA EC)
| Symbol | EC numbers | Names |
|---|---|---|
| SYK | 2.7.10.2, 2.7.12.1 | non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase, dual-specificity kinase |
Cohort genes with high screening signal
≥100 ChEMBL assays — a studied-ness signal; see Therapeutics for approved-drug status.
| Symbol | ChEMBL assays |
|---|---|
| SYK | 873 |
Pharmacogenomics
Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 3; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.
No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).
Chemical tractability of cohort targets
30 approved/phased compounds have measured bioactivity against a cohort gene (and aren’t yet in disease-level trials). This is a research / tractability signal, NOT a therapeutic recommendation — a bioactivity row often reflects off-target or screening binding (e.g. promiscuous kinase inhibitors against a cohort kinase), implying no disease mechanism.
| Compound | Max phase | Cohort target (bioactivity) |
|---|---|---|
| FEDRATINIB | 4 | SYK |
| NERATINIB | 4 | SYK |
| INFIGRATINIB PHOSPHATE | 4 | SYK |
| INFIGRATINIB | 4 | SYK |
| ENTRECTINIB | 4 | SYK |
| FOSTAMATINIB | 4 | SYK |
| CERITINIB | 4 | SYK |
| BOSUTINIB | 4 | SYK |
| GILTERITINIB | 4 | SYK |
| FOSTAMATINIB DISODIUM | 4 | SYK |
| PAZOPANIB | 4 | SYK |
| DASATINIB | 4 | SYK |
| ERLOTINIB | 4 | SYK |
| CRIZOTINIB | 4 | SYK |
| MIDOSTAURIN | 4 | SYK |
| IMATINIB | 4 | SYK |
| ENTOSPLETINIB | 3 | SYK |
| CEDIRANIB | 3 | SYK |
| QUERCETIN | 3 | SYK |
| LESTAURTINIB | 3 | SYK |
| FORETINIB | 2 | SYK |
| LUTEOLIN | 2 | SYK |
| REBASTINIB | 2 | SYK |
| APITOLISIB | 2 | SYK |
| CENISERTIB | 2 | SYK |
| ADAVOSERTIB | 2 | SYK |
| ILORASERTIB | 2 | SYK |
| R-343 | 2 | SYK |
| FISETIN | 2 | SYK |
| TOP-1288 | 2 | SYK |
Druggability pyramid
Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):
| Tier | Definition | Genes | Symbols |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | Approved (phase 4 drug) | 1 | SYK |
| B | Phased (≥1) drug, not yet approved | 0 | |
| C | Druggable family + PDB, no drug | 0 | |
| D | Druggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug | 0 | |
| E | Difficult family or no structure, no drug | 2 | CUL9, RELN |
Undrugged target profiles
2 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).
| Symbol | ChEMBL assays | Drugged partners (top 3) |
|---|---|---|
| CUL9 | 2 | — |
| RELN | 0 | — |
Clinical trials & evidence
Clinical trials
Clinical trials: 329.
Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| Not specified | 239 |
| PHASE3 | 24 |
| PHASE2 | 22 |
| PHASE4 | 15 |
| PHASE1 | 15 |
| PHASE2/PHASE3 | 7 |
| PHASE1/PHASE2 | 6 |
| EARLY_PHASE1 | 1 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT00180206 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Birmingham Hip Resurfacing (BHR) Study: Implantation of a Hip Resurfacing Endoprosthesis |
| NCT00236366 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | A Study of the Effect on Pain Control of Treatment With Fentanyl, Administered Through the Skin, Compared With Placebo in Patients With Osteoarthritis |
| NCT00291915 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Multicenter Randomized Prospective Trial Comparing Methotrexate Alone or in Combination With Adalimumab in Early Arthritis |
| NCT00510536 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Treatment of Mild to Moderate Joint Pain in Patients With Chronic Plaque Psoriasis Receiving Efalizumab |
| NCT00524160 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | A Study of the Effect on Pain Control of Treatment With Fentanyl, Administered Through the Skin, in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis or Osteoarthritis |
| NCT00696059 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Humira in Rheumatoid Arthritis - Do Bone Erosions Heal? |
| NCT01027286 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Prospective Evaluation of Vitagel for Reduction in Blood Loss and Pain Following Unilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty |
| NCT01264965 | PHASE4 | TERMINATED | Non-cancer Pain and Cognitive Impairment: A Disabling Relationship |
| NCT01270620 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Desflurane or Propofol Anesthesia in Elderly Obese Patients Undergoing Total Knee Replacement |
| NCT01275014 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Corticosteroids as Additive in Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Arthrocentesis |
| NCT01414569 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Dexamethasone for Pain After Shoulder Surgery |
| NCT02011464 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Evaluation Exparel Delivered in Knee Replacement |
| NCT02697955 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | The Effect of Subsartorial Saphenous Block on Postoperative Pain Following Major Ankle and Hind Foot Surgery |
| NCT02926651 | PHASE4 | WITHDRAWN | Single Versus Multi-Dose Oral Tranexamic Acid in Patients at High Risk for Blood Transfusion After Total Joint Arthroplasty |
| NCT03659318 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Robotic-Assisted Versus Conventional Total Knee Arthroplasty(TKA) |
| NCT05658575 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | RECRUITING | Study of Dapansutrile Tablets in Subjects With an Acute Gout Flare |
| NCT07580976 | PHASE3 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Tru-Vu Wrist Positioning Aid Multi-Center Implementation Within NLHS |
| NCT00146367 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Evaluation of the Active Living Every Day Exercise Program for People With Arthritis |
| NCT00146393 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Health Benefits of an Exercise Program for Adults With Arthritis |
| NCT00153309 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Program Evaluation of People With Arthritis Can Exercise |
| NCT00153660 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Celecoxib Versus Naproxen for Prevention of Recurrent Ulcer Bleeding in Arthritis Patients |
| NCT00153673 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Effect of Selective COX-2 Inhibition on Ulcer Healing |
| NCT00211718 | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Intra-Articular Injection of Botulinum Toxin Type A for Shoulder Pain |
| NCT00252070 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Fitness and Exercise for People With Arthritis |
| NCT00313365 | PHASE3 | WITHDRAWN | Surgical Lavage vs Serial Needle Aspiration for Infected Joints |
| NCT00365313 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Preventing Recurrent Ulcer Bleeding in Arthritis Patients Using Esomeprazole Plus Celecoxib |
| NCT00521963 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | WITHDRAWN | Intraarticular Injection of Infliximab |
| NCT00526201 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Help Arthritis With Exercise in West Virginia |
| NCT00526435 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Evaluation of Walk With Ease in Arthritis |
| NCT00646178 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Adalimumab in Subjects With Moderate to Severely Active Psoriatic Arthritis Subjects With Inadequate Response to Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drug Therapy |
| NCT00733902 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Tanezumab in Osteoarthritis of the Knee |
| NCT00744471 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Tanezumab in Osteoarthritis Of The Hip |
| NCT00765362 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Mobile - Bearing Knee Study |
| NCT00784277 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | A Study to Compare the Frequency of Constipation Symptoms With Tapentadol Immediate Release (IR) Treatment Versus Oxycodone IR Treatment in Patients With End-stage Joint Disease |
| NCT00809354 | PHASE3 | TERMINATED | Long-Term Analgesic Efficacy And Safety Of Tanezumab Alone Or In Combination With Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) Versus NSAIDs Alone In Patients With Osteoarthritis Of The Knee Or Hip |
| NCT00830063 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Tanezumab In Osteoarthritis Of The Knee (2) |
| NCT01004432 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Golimumab in Rheumatoid Arthritis Participants With an Inadequate Response to Etanercept (ENBREL) or Adalimumab (HUMIRA) |
| NCT01089725 | PHASE3 | TERMINATED | Efficacy And Safety Study Of Tanezumab Subcutaneous Administration In Osteoarthritis - A Subcutaneous/Intravenous Bridging Study |
| NCT01094886 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Switching Drug Therapy for the Prevention of Blood Clot Formation From Enoxaparin to Rivaroxaban After Orthopedic Surgery for Either Total Hip or Total Knee Replacement |
| NCT01615991 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Multicentre Canadian Study to Measure the Safety and Efficacy of Radiosynoviorthesis |
Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)
| Molecule | Max phase | Trials referencing |
|---|---|---|
| SUMATRIPTAN | 4 | 3 |
| ADALIMUMAB | 4 | 2 |
| BETAMETHASONE | 4 | 2 |
| DEXAMETHASONE | 4 | 2 |
| FENTANYL | 4 | 2 |
| NAPROXEN | 4 | 2 |
| TIZANIDINE | 4 | 2 |
| ABATACEPT | 4 | 1 |
| ACETAMINOPHEN | 4 | 1 |
| BACLOFEN | 4 | 1 |
| BUPIVACAINE | 4 | 1 |
| CALCIPOTRIENE | 4 | 1 |
| CITRIC ACID | 4 | 1 |
| CYCLOBENZAPRINE | 4 | 1 |
| DESFLURANE | 4 | 1 |
| DICLOFENAC | 4 | 1 |
| ESFLURBIPROFEN | 4 | 1 |
| ETORICOXIB | 4 | 1 |
| FLURBIPROFEN | 4 | 1 |
| GOLIMUMAB | 4 | 1 |
| MELOXICAM | 4 | 1 |
| MENTHOL | 4 | 1 |
| METHOTREXATE | 4 | 1 |
| NIACINAMIDE | 4 | 1 |
| PRILOCAINE | 4 | 1 |
| PROPOFOL | 4 | 1 |
| PYRIDOXINE | 4 | 1 |
| RETINOL | 4 | 1 |
| RIVAROXABAN | 4 | 1 |
| SODIUM CITRATE | 4 | 1 |
Related Atlas pages
- Cohort genes: SYK, CUL9, RELN
- Drugs: Sumatriptan, Adalimumab, Betamethasone, Dexamethasone, Fentanyl, Naproxen, Tizanidine, Abatacept, Acetaminophen, Baclofen, Bupivacaine, Calcipotriene, Citric Acid, Cyclobenzaprine, Desflurane, Diclofenac, Esflurbiprofen, Etoricoxib, Flurbiprofen, Golimumab, Meloxicam, Menthol, Methotrexate, Niacinamide, Prilocaine, Propofol, Pyridoxine, Retinol, Rivaroxaban, Sodium