Astigmatism

Summary

Astigmatism (MONDO:0011284) is a disease with 10 cohort genes and 279 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include proparacaine, comfilcon a, and etafilcon a.

At a glance

• Cohort genes: 10
• ClinVar variants: 12
• Clinical trials: 279

Clinical features

No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

Field	Value
Canonical name	astigmatism
Mondo ID	MONDO:0011284
MeSH	D001251
OMIM	603047
DOID	DOID:11782
ICD-10-CM	H52.2
ICD-11	402558626
SNOMED CT	82649003
UMLS	C0004106
MedGen	2473
Is cancer (heuristic)	no

Also known as: astigmatism · astigmatism (disease)

Data availability: 12 ClinVar variants · 1 HPO phenotype.

Disease family

An umbrella term covering 2 Mondo subtypes.

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › disorder of orbital region › eye disorder › refractive error › astigmatism

Related subtypes (6): aniseikonia, presbyopia, myopia, transient refractive change, anisometropia, hyperopia

Subtypes (2): regular astigmatism, irregular astigmatism

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

No GWAS associations recorded — common-variant (GWAS) studies don’t cover this disease (typical for Mendelian / rare diseases). See the curated gene cohort and Mendelian overlap below.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

ClinVar germline variants

12 retrieved; paginated sample, class counts are floors:

6 pathogenic, 4 uncertain significance, 1 likely pathogenic, 1 pathogenic/likely pathogenic

ClinVar	Variant (HGVS)	Gene	Classification	Review
242882	NM_013275.6(ANKRD11):c.5317G>T (p.Glu1773Ter)	ANKRD11	Pathogenic	no assertion criteria provided
523273	GRCh37/hg19 22q11.21(chr22:18894835-20311763)	C22orf39	Pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter
373930	NM_000834.5(GRIN2B):c.2002G>A (p.Asp668Asn)	GRIN2B	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
1173069	NM_005916.5(MCM7):c.776G>C (p.Gly259Ala)	MCM7	Pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
1804007	NM_005916.5(MCM7):c.133C>T (p.Gln45Ter)	MCM7	Pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter
1804042	NM_144643.4(SCLT1):c.1043del (p.Ser348fs)	SCLT1	Pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter
1330190	GRCh37/hg19 7p22.1(chr7:5096876-5569338)x1	WIPI2	Pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter
1804041	NM_144643.4(SCLT1):c.2060dup (p.Asn687fs)	SCLT1	Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter
1330213	GRCh37/hg19 10q25.3-26.12(chr10:118891670-122349064)x1	CACUL1	Uncertain significance	criteria provided, single submitter
523415	NM_001142800.2(EYS):c.8519A>G (p.Glu2840Gly)	EYS	Uncertain significance	criteria provided, single submitter
523282	GRCh37/hg19 6p24.1-23(chr6:12536624-13968949)	RNF182	Uncertain significance	criteria provided, single submitter
523398	NM_001379110.1(SLC9A6):c.1190C>A (p.Ala397Glu)	SLC9A6	Uncertain significance	criteria provided, single submitter

Genes & proteins

Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers

GenCC: 0 · Orphanet: 8 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0

Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)

Gene	Orphanet ID	Rare disease
SLC9A6	Orphanet:85278	Christianson syndrome
ANKRD11	Orphanet:2332	KBG syndrome
ANKRD11	Orphanet:261250	16q24.3 microdeletion syndrome
EYS	Orphanet:791	Retinitis pigmentosa
SCLT1	Orphanet:110	Bardet-Biedl syndrome
GRIN2B	Orphanet:589547	GRIN2B-related developmental delay, intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder
GRIN2B	Orphanet:697160	Infantile epileptic spasms syndrome
MCM7	Orphanet:2512	Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly

Cohort genes → proteins

10 cohort genes, 10 distinct canonical proteins.

Evidence partition

Subset	Genes
multi_evidence	10

Cohort genes (full)

Symbol	HGNC	Ensembl	UniProt	Name	Evidence
SLC9A6	HGNC:11079	ENSG00000198689	Q92581	Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 6	clinvar
ANKRD11	HGNC:21316	ENSG00000167522	Q6UB99	Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 11	clinvar
EYS	HGNC:21555	ENSG00000188107	Q5T1H1	Protein eyes shut homolog	clinvar
CACUL1	HGNC:23727	ENSG00000151893	Q86Y37	CDK2-associated and cullin domain-containing protein 1	clinvar
SCLT1	HGNC:26406	ENSG00000151466	Q96NL6	Sodium channel and clathrin linker 1	clinvar
C22orf39	HGNC:27012	ENSG00000242259	Q6P5X5	Synaptic plasticity regulator PANTS	clinvar
RNF182	HGNC:28522	ENSG00000180537	Q8N6D2	E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF182	clinvar
WIPI2	HGNC:32225	ENSG00000157954	Q9Y4P8	WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2	clinvar
GRIN2B	HGNC:4586	ENSG00000273079	Q13224	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	clinvar
MCM7	HGNC:6950	ENSG00000166508	P33993	DNA replication licensing factor MCM7	clinvar

Cohort function summary

Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.

Symbol	Protein name	Function (lead sentence)
SLC9A6	Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 6	Endosomal Na(+), K(+)/H(+) antiporter.
ANKRD11	Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 11	Chromatin regulator which modulates histone acetylation and gene expression in neural precursor cells.
EYS	Protein eyes shut homolog	Required to maintain the integrity of photoreceptor cells.
CACUL1	CDK2-associated and cullin domain-containing protein 1	Cell cycle associated protein capable of promoting cell proliferation through the activation of CDK2 at the G1/S phase transition.
SCLT1	Sodium channel and clathrin linker 1	Adapter protein that links SCN10A to clathrin.
C22orf39	Synaptic plasticity regulator PANTS	Negatively regulates long-term potentiation and modulates adult synaptic plasticity.
RNF182	E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF182	E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates the ubiquitination of ATP6V0C and targets it to degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.
WIPI2	WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2	Component of the autophagy machinery that controls the major intracellular degradation process by which cytoplasmic materials are packaged into autophagosomes and delivered to lysosomes for degradation.
GRIN2B	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Component of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors (NMDARs) that function as heterotetrameric, ligand-gated cation channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent block by Mg(2+).
MCM7	DNA replication licensing factor MCM7	Acts as a component of the MCM2-7 complex (MCM complex) which is the replicative helicase essential for ‘once per cell cycle’ DNA replication initiation and elongation in eukaryotic cells.

Protein-family classification

Druggable: 0 · Difficult: 3 · Unknown: 7 · Druggable fraction: 0.0

Family distribution

Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.

Family	Genes	Fold	FDR
Scaffold/PPI	2	3.5×	0.331
Other/Unknown	7	1.2×	0.425
Transcription factor	1	0.8×	0.725

Per-gene assignment

Symbol	Family	Druggable?	EC	InterPro (top 3)
SLC9A6	Other/Unknown	no		NHE-6/7/9, NaH_exchanger, Cation/H_exchanger_TM
ANKRD11	Scaffold/PPI	no		Ankyrin_rpt, Ankyrin_rpt-contain_sf, ANKRD11
EYS	Other/Unknown	no		EGF-type_Asp/Asn_hydroxyl_site, EGF, Laminin_G
CACUL1	Other/Unknown	no		Cullin_N, Cullin_repeat-like_dom_sf, CACUL1
SCLT1	Other/Unknown	no		SCLT1
C22orf39	Other/Unknown	no		Pants/Emi1-like
RNF182	Transcription factor	no		Znf_RING, Znf_RING/FYVE/PHD, Znf_RING_CS
WIPI2	Scaffold/PPI	no		WD40_rpt, WD40/YVTN_repeat-like_dom_sf, WD40_repeat_dom_sf
GRIN2B	Other/Unknown	no		Iontro_rcpt_C, Iono_Glu_rcpt_met, ANF_lig-bd_rcpt
MCM7	Other/Unknown	no		MCM_dom, AAA+_ATPase, MCM7

Expression context

Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.

8 cohort genes are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.

Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)

Bucket	Genes
narrow (1-5 tissues)	0
moderate (6-20)	0
broad (>20)	10
unknown	0

Top tissues across cohort

Tissue	Cohort genes
middle temporal gyrus	2
buccal mucosa cell	2
cortical plate	2
ganglionic eminence	2
Brodmann (1909) area 23	2
lateral nuclear group of thalamus	1
pons	1
stromal cell of endometrium	1
sural nerve	1
tendon of biceps brachii	1
islet of Langerhans	1
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	1
primordial germ cell in gonad	1
epithelium of nasopharynx	1
kidney epithelium	1
upper arm skin	1
leukocyte	1
monocyte	1
gastrocnemius	1
hindlimb stylopod muscle	1

Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)

Symbol	Bgee breadth	FANTOM5 breadth	SCXA	Top tissues
SLC9A6	286	ubiquitous	yes	lateral nuclear group of thalamus, middle temporal gyrus, pons
ANKRD11	278	ubiquitous	marker	tendon of biceps brachii, sural nerve, stromal cell of endometrium
EYS	153	tissue_specific	marker	primordial germ cell in gonad, male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis, islet of Langerhans
CACUL1	254	ubiquitous	marker	upper arm skin, epithelium of nasopharynx, kidney epithelium
SCLT1	217	ubiquitous	marker	buccal mucosa cell, monocyte, leukocyte
C22orf39	250	tissue_specific	marker	gastrocnemius, muscle of leg, hindlimb stylopod muscle
RNF182	192	broad	yes	endothelial cell, cortical plate, ganglionic eminence
WIPI2	299	ubiquitous	marker	middle temporal gyrus, Brodmann (1909) area 23, nipple
GRIN2B	138	broad	marker	buccal mucosa cell, cortical plate, Brodmann (1909) area 23
MCM7	143	ubiquitous	marker	embryo, ganglionic eminence, ventricular zone

Protein interactions among cohort

Intra-cohort edges: 0.

Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)

Symbol	Interactor count
MCM7	5,413
GRIN2B	3,611
ANKRD11	2,384
EYS	1,877
SLC9A6	1,867
CACUL1	1,846
WIPI2	1,842
SCLT1	1,478
C22orf39	679
RNF182	508

Structural data

PDB: 3 · AlphaFold-only: 7 · No structure: 0

Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)

Symbol	UniProt	PDB entries
GRIN2B	Q13224	36
MCM7	P33993	28
WIPI2	Q9Y4P8	3

AlphaFold-only cohort genes (top 30 by pLDDT)

Symbol	UniProt	pLDDT
C22orf39	Q6P5X5	89.97
SCLT1	Q96NL6	82.44
CACUL1	Q86Y37	74.25
RNF182	Q8N6D2	70.67
SLC9A6	Q92581	70.61
ANKRD11	Q6UB99	39.44
EYS	Q5T1H1

Function

Pathway analysis

Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 44. Enrichment computed across 10 evidence-associated genes (6 with Reactome annotation).

Pathways by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 6 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

Pathway	Cohort genes	Fold	FDR	Sample cohort genes
Defective SLC9A6 causes X-linked, syndromic mental retardation,, Christianson type (MRXSCH)	1	1903.3×	0.023	SLC9A6
Activated NTRK2 signals through FYN	1	317.2×	0.048	GRIN2B
Sodium/Proton exchangers	1	211.5×	0.048	SLC9A6
DNA strand elongation	1	190.3×	0.048	MCM7
Unwinding of DNA	1	146.4×	0.048	MCM7
MECP2 regulates neuronal receptors and channels	1	100.2×	0.048	GRIN2B
Ras activation upon Ca2+ influx through NMDA receptor	1	95.2×	0.048	GRIN2B
Unblocking of NMDA receptors, glutamate binding and activation	1	90.6×	0.048	GRIN2B
Synaptic adhesion-like molecules	1	90.6×	0.048	GRIN2B
Negative regulation of NMDA receptor-mediated neuronal transmission	1	90.6×	0.048	GRIN2B
Long-term potentiation	1	79.3×	0.050	GRIN2B
Activation of the pre-replicative complex	1	54.4×	0.054	MCM7
DNA Replication Pre-Initiation	1	52.9×	0.054	MCM7
Activation of ATR in response to replication stress	1	50.1×	0.054	MCM7
Switching of origins to a post-replicative state	1	50.1×	0.054	MCM7
Synthesis of DNA	1	50.1×	0.054	MCM7
EPHB-mediated forward signaling	1	44.3×	0.056	GRIN2B
Assembly and cell surface presentation of NMDA receptors	1	42.3×	0.056	GRIN2B
DNA Replication	1	39.6×	0.056	MCM7
G1/S Transition	1	38.8×	0.056	MCM7
SLC transporter disorders	1	34.0×	0.058	SLC9A6
Neurexins and neuroligins	1	32.8×	0.058	GRIN2B
Mitotic G1 phase and G1/S transition	1	30.7×	0.058	MCM7
S Phase	1	30.2×	0.058	MCM7
Orc1 removal from chromatin	1	29.7×	0.058	MCM7
Disorders of transmembrane transporters	1	23.2×	0.069	SLC9A6
Assembly of the pre-replicative complex	1	23.2×	0.069	MCM7
G2/M Checkpoints	1	22.4×	0.069	MCM7
R-HSA-425393	1	21.6×	0.069	SLC9A6
Macroautophagy	1	19.2×	0.074	WIPI2

GO biological processes by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 10 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

GO term	Cohort genes	Fold	FDR	Sample cohort genes
nucleophagy	1	337.0×	0.031	WIPI2
regulation of phosphorylation	1	280.9×	0.031	MCM7
negative regulation of dendritic spine maintenance	1	280.9×	0.031	GRIN2B
clustering of voltage-gated sodium channels	1	240.7×	0.031	SCLT1
regulation of monoatomic cation transmembrane transport	1	210.7×	0.031	GRIN2B
DNA strand elongation involved in DNA replication	1	187.2×	0.031	MCM7
dendrite extension	1	168.5×	0.031	SLC9A6
calcium ion transmembrane import into cytosol	1	153.2×	0.031	GRIN2B
glycophagy	1	140.4×	0.031	WIPI2
double-strand break repair via break-induced replication	1	129.6×	0.031	MCM7
ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway	1	129.6×	0.031	GRIN2B
excitatory chemical synaptic transmission	1	129.6×	0.031	GRIN2B
negative regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation	1	129.6×	0.031	C22orf39
regulation of synaptic plasticity	2	51.9×	0.031	C22orf39, GRIN2B
pexophagy	1	105.3×	0.032	WIPI2
regulation of DNA-templated DNA replication initiation	1	105.3×	0.032	MCM7
protein heterotetramerization	1	105.3×	0.032	GRIN2B
protein localization to phagophore assembly site	1	99.1×	0.032	WIPI2
glutamate receptor signaling pathway	1	93.6×	0.032	GRIN2B
skeletal muscle tissue regeneration	1	88.7×	0.032	EYS
autophagy of mitochondrion	1	73.3×	0.032	WIPI2
positive regulation of protein kinase activity	1	67.4×	0.032	CACUL1
regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity	1	67.4×	0.032	GRIN2B
detection of light stimulus involved in visual perception	1	64.8×	0.032	EYS
DNA replication initiation	1	62.4×	0.032	MCM7
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	1	62.4×	0.032	GRIN2B
monoatomic cation transmembrane transport	1	62.4×	0.032	GRIN2B
sodium ion import across plasma membrane	1	62.4×	0.032	SLC9A6
regulation of intracellular pH	1	60.2×	0.032	SLC9A6
positive regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential	1	52.7×	0.035	GRIN2B

Therapeutics

Drug target analysis

Approved (phase 4): 1 · Phase ≥3: 1 · Phased (≥1): 1 · Undrugged: 9

Druggability breadth: 2 of 10 evidence-associated genes (20%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).

Genes with an approved drug

The molecule shown is one approved compound that hits the gene — not necessarily a drug of choice or one indicated for this disease.

Symbol	Example approved molecule
GRIN2B	HALOPERIDOL

Top cohort targets by molecule count

Symbol	Molecules	Max phase
GRIN2B	35	4
SLC9A6	0	0
ANKRD11	0	0
EYS	0	0
CACUL1	0	0
SCLT1	0	0
C22orf39	0	0
RNF182	0	0
WIPI2	0	0
MCM7	0	0

Drugs targeting cohort genes (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Targets in cohort
HALOPERIDOL	4	GRIN2B
DEXTROMETHORPHAN	4	GRIN2B
KETAMINE	4	GRIN2B
CYCLOSERINE	4	GRIN2B
MEMANTINE	4	GRIN2B
TACRINE	4	GRIN2B
LEVORPHANOL	4	GRIN2B
AMANTADINE	4	GRIN2B
CHLORPROMAZINE	4	GRIN2B
PROCYCLIDINE	4	GRIN2B
ORPHENADRINE	4	GRIN2B
DALZANEMDOR	3	GRIN2B
LATREPIRDINE	3	GRIN2B
ESMETHADONE	3	GRIN2B
GLUTAMIC ACID	3	GRIN2B
TRAXOPRODIL	2	GRIN2B
ELIPRODIL	2	GRIN2B
IFENPRODIL	2	GRIN2B
EVT-101 FREE BASE	2	GRIN2B
ZELQUISTINEL	2	GRIN2B
DEXTRORPHAN	2	GRIN2B
LEVOMETHADONE	2	GRIN2B
ALPHAMETHADOL	2	GRIN2B
RADIPRODIL	2	GRIN2B
PHENCYCLIDINE	2	GRIN2B
DIZOCILPINE	2	GRIN2B
ONFASPRODIL	2	GRIN2B
TEZAMPANEL ANHYDROUS	2	GRIN2B
RACEMETHORPHAN	2	GRIN2B
LICOSTINEL	2	GRIN2B

Bioactivity and enzyme data

Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 0.

Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)

Symbol	Assays	Type breakdown
GRIN2B	471	Binding:429, Functional:36, ADMET:5, Toxicity:1
MCM7	9	Binding:9

Cohort genes with high screening signal

≥100 ChEMBL assays — a studied-ness signal; see Therapeutics for approved-drug status.

Symbol	ChEMBL assays
GRIN2B	471

Pharmacogenomics

Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 10; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.

No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).

Chemical tractability of cohort targets

30 approved/phased compounds have measured bioactivity against a cohort gene (and aren’t yet in disease-level trials). This is a research / tractability signal, NOT a therapeutic recommendation — a bioactivity row often reflects off-target or screening binding (e.g. promiscuous kinase inhibitors against a cohort kinase), implying no disease mechanism.

Compound	Max phase	Cohort target (bioactivity)
HALOPERIDOL	4	GRIN2B
DEXTROMETHORPHAN	4	GRIN2B
KETAMINE	4	GRIN2B
CYCLOSERINE	4	GRIN2B
MEMANTINE	4	GRIN2B
TACRINE	4	GRIN2B
LEVORPHANOL	4	GRIN2B
AMANTADINE	4	GRIN2B
CHLORPROMAZINE	4	GRIN2B
PROCYCLIDINE	4	GRIN2B
ORPHENADRINE	4	GRIN2B
DALZANEMDOR	3	GRIN2B
LATREPIRDINE	3	GRIN2B
ESMETHADONE	3	GRIN2B
GLUTAMIC ACID	3	GRIN2B
TRAXOPRODIL	2	GRIN2B
ELIPRODIL	2	GRIN2B
IFENPRODIL	2	GRIN2B
EVT-101 FREE BASE	2	GRIN2B
ZELQUISTINEL	2	GRIN2B
DEXTRORPHAN	2	GRIN2B
LEVOMETHADONE	2	GRIN2B
ALPHAMETHADOL	2	GRIN2B
RADIPRODIL	2	GRIN2B
PHENCYCLIDINE	2	GRIN2B
DIZOCILPINE	2	GRIN2B
ONFASPRODIL	2	GRIN2B
TEZAMPANEL ANHYDROUS	2	GRIN2B
RACEMETHORPHAN	2	GRIN2B
LICOSTINEL	2	GRIN2B

Druggability pyramid

Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):

Tier	Definition	Genes	Symbols
A	Approved (phase 4 drug)	1	GRIN2B
B	Phased (≥1) drug, not yet approved	0
C	Druggable family + PDB, no drug	0
D	Druggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug	0
E	Difficult family or no structure, no drug	9	SLC9A6, ANKRD11, EYS, CACUL1, SCLT1, C22orf39, RNF182, WIPI2, MCM7

Undrugged target profiles

9 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).

Symbol	ChEMBL assays	Drugged partners (top 3)
SLC9A6	0	—
ANKRD11	0	—
EYS	0	—
CACUL1	0	—
SCLT1	0	—
C22orf39	0	—
RNF182	0	—
WIPI2	0	—
MCM7	9	—

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 279.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

Phase	Trials
Not specified	256
PHASE4	14
PHASE3	5
PHASE1/PHASE2	2
EARLY_PHASE1	1
PHASE1	1

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT07140653	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Arcuate Incisions With Light Adjustable Lens for Astigmatism Correction in Lens Surgery
NCT00770094	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Multi Laser Platform Comparison Study for LASIK
NCT00821236	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Contralateral Comparison of Three Excimer Laser Systems in Performing LASIK
NCT00825513	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Safety and Effectiveness of the Akreos Toric Intraocular Lens.
NCT01018797	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Intrastromal Corneal Ring for High Astigmatism on Postkeratoplasty
NCT01279031	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Randomized Comparison of the Abbott WHITESTAR Signature System With Ellips Tranversal Ultrasound vs. the Alcon Infiniti With the Ozil Torsional Handpiece in Phacoemulsification: A Contralaterally-Controlled Trial
NCT01396616	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Clinical Evaluation of Toric Intraocular Lens Made by Aurolab
NCT01454843	PHASE4	COMPLETED	LASIK Using the Alcon Allegretto Wavefront-Guided Excimer Laser vs AMO Visx Wavefront-Guided Excimer Laser
NCT01554761	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Effect of Posterior Corneal Toricity on Refractive Outcome of Pseudophakia
NCT01885780	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Prospective Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Femtosecond Laser-assisted Refractive Astigmatic Keratotomy.
NCT04208750	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Clinical Investigation of the Vision-R800 Device.
NCT04283331	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Anesthetic Impregnated Bandage Soft Contact Lens (BSCL) in Pain Management After Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK)
NCT04321226	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Femtosecond Laser-assisted Astigmatism Treatment
NCT04418986	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Incisional Correction of Corneal Astigmatism During Phacoemulsification
NCT00000123	PHASE3	COMPLETED	The Berkeley Orthokeratology Study
NCT00663923	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Comparison of Cross-cylinder and Conventional Photorefractive Keratectomy(PRK) in Correcting Medium-high Astigmatism
NCT00928122	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Intrastromal Correction of Ametropia by a Femtosecond Laser
NCT01673503	PHASE3	COMPLETED	A Prospective Study of Femtosecond Laser Intracorneal Lensectomi
NCT05247658	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Use of a Disk of Amniotic Membrane (Visio-AMTRIX) in Postoperative Care After PKR
NCT00876707	PHASE1/PHASE2	COMPLETED	Wavefront Analyzes and Visual Performance of Three Multifocal Intra-ocular Lenses
NCT01024855	PHASE1/PHASE2	COMPLETED	Comparative Evaluation of Corneal Staining With Balafilcon A Lenses and Two Multi-Purpose Solutions
NCT06896357	PHASE1	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Effectiveness and Safety of Limbal Relaxing Incisions for Correcting Post Phacoemulsification High Astigmatism
NCT06742541	EARLY_PHASE1	COMPLETED	ICL and LASIK for Hyperopic Astigmatism
NCT02576483	Not specified	RECRUITING	An Evaluation of LASIK, SMILE and PRK Surgery in Physicians
NCT03299530	Not specified	RECRUITING	Accuracy of Corneal Astigmatism in Different Region Modes
NCT03803852	Not specified	RECRUITING	Rotation of Hydrophobic Acrylic Lenses - Rayner RA0800C & Alcon Clareon & Hoya Nanex & Hoya Vivinex XY1-EM & RayOne EMV Toric & PODEYE Toric
NCT05486546	Not specified	RECRUITING	Contoura With Phorcides Compared to Wavefront Optimized LASIK
NCT05611294	Not specified	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Contralateral Study of Topography Guided LASIK Versus Small Incision Lenticule Extraction
NCT05796453	Not specified	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Post Market Clinical Follow-up (PMCF) Study of Clareon Vivity & Clareon PanOptix
NCT06059521	Not specified	RECRUITING	Software Refraction With Mobilerone Versus Retinoscopy
NCT06477081	Not specified	RECRUITING	KLEx Versus FS-LASIK for the Treatment of Myopia and Compound Myopic Astigmatism
NCT06571773	Not specified	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Evaluation of Toric Intraocular Lens(IOL) Combined With Capsular Tension Ring(CTR) in Patients With Cataract Combined With High Myopia
NCT06694051	Not specified	RECRUITING	Application of Phototherapeutic Keratectomy Mode to Mark the Axis of Astigmatism
NCT06775509	Not specified	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Optical Quality of the Cornea in Orthokeratology
NCT06785194	Not specified	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Revive Toric RWE Study
NCT06902584	Not specified	RECRUITING	North American Comfilcon A Clinical Study
NCT07007897	Not specified	ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION	Observational Study - TA- 2025-1
NCT07046065	Not specified	RECRUITING	Algorithm-assisted Subjective Refraction Program Dedicated to Children
NCT07078799	Not specified	RECRUITING	Wavefront-guided LASIK Surgery Compared to Ray Tracing-Guided LASIK Surgery
NCT07084844	Not specified	RECRUITING	Patient Reported Outcomes With WaveLight Plus LASIK

Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Trials referencing
PROPARACAINE	4	1
COMFILCON A	3	4
ETAFILCON A	3	4
SENOFILCON A	3	4
ENFILCON A	3	3
LOTRAFILCON B	3	2
NELFILCON A	3	2
STENFILCON A	3	1
BALAFILCON A	1	1
CHEMBL443232	0	1
OMAFILCON B	-1	1
SAMFILCON A	-1	1