Atopic conjunctivitis

Summary

Atopic conjunctivitis (MONDO:0005642) is a disease with 35 GWAS associations across 7 studies and 139 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include olopatadine, ketotifen, and bepotastine. A subtype of chronic conjunctivitis — broader associated-gene and molecular evidence is on the parent page (see Disease family below).

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 35
• Clinical trials: 139

Clinical features

No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

Field	Value
Canonical name	atopic conjunctivitis
Mondo ID	MONDO:0005642
EFO	EFO:0007141
DOID	DOID:11204
NCIT	C34506
SNOMED CT	473460002
UMLS	C0009766
MedGen	3590
Is cancer (heuristic)	no

Also known as: allergic conjunctivitis · allergic conjunctivitis (disease) · allergic form of conjunctivitis (disease) · Atopic conjunctivitis

Data availability: 35 GWAS associations (7 studies) · 1 HPO phenotype.

Disease family

This is a subtype of chronic conjunctivitis. Genetic, therapeutic, and trial evidence is largely curated at the broader-term level — see the parent page for the associated-gene cohort and molecular evidence.

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › disorder of orbital region › eye adnexa disorder › conjunctival disorder › conjunctivitis › chronic conjunctivitis › atopic conjunctivitis

Related subtypes (4): chronic follicular conjunctivitis, parasitic conjunctivitis, vernal conjunctivitis, simple chronic conjunctivitis

Subtypes (1): Angelucci syndrome

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

35 GWAS associations across 7 studies. Top hits map to 24 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).

Top associations by p-value

rsID	p-value	Gene	Risk allele	Odds ratio
rs5743618	2e-25	TLR1	A	0.91
rs72823641	4e-22	IL18R1, IL1RL1	A	0.91
rs7936312	4e-16	EMSY - LINC02757	T	1.06
rs62404084	2e-15	HLA-DQA1	T	0.93
rs2508569	2e-15	DDX6 - COX7CP3	G	1.06
rs891058	3e-15	LINC00299	A	0.94
rs7688384	4e-15	BLTP1	T	0.94
rs79881201	3e-14	TSLP - WDR36	T	1.06
rs73390208	1e-12	HLA-B	T	0.94
rs9923856	2e-12	CLEC16A	C	0.95
rs13279820	3e-12	MYC - PVT1	C	0.95
rs7714574	4e-12	RNU1-150P - TTC33	T	1.05
rs34290285	5e-11	D2HGDH	A	0.95
rs12645469	6e-11	NFKB1 - MANBA	A	0.95
rs12440045	7e-11	RTF1 - ITPKA	C	1.05
rs7624084	9e-11	ZBTB38	C	1.05
rs6881706	1e-10	IL7R	T	0.95
rs9378774	1e-10	DUSP22 - IRF4	G	1.04
rs6691738	2e-10	TNFSF4	G	1.05
rs558269137	8e-10	CCDST, FLG	C	1.21
rs4031435	1e-09	IQGAP1	C	0.96
rs190653364	2e-09	OR9K2 - OR9R1P	A	1.33
rs151077709	5e-09	RANBP6 - GTF3AP1	TAAAC	1.06
rs36005199	8e-09	RNU7-97P - ATP6V0A1	G	0.96
rs13272105	1e-08	RPL13AP18 - RNU6-1213P	A	0.95
rs61839660	1e-08	IL2RA	T	1.09
rs9911533	1e-08	CCR7 - SMARCE1	T	1.04
rs10714023	1e-08	NFAT5	G	0.96
rs79279599	2e-08	CIR1P2 - RN7SL808P	?
rs2614276	2e-08	AHI1	C	0.96

Top studies (by case count)

Study	Lead author	Year	Cases	Controls	Title
GCST90832981	Koskimaki F	2025	45,734	1,084,159	Characterization of genetic loci associated with allergic conjunctivitis.
GCST90477740	Verma A	2024	8,602	429,569	Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.
GCST90477739	Verma A	2024	3,646	113,405	Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.
GCST90481126	Verma A	2024	3,646	113,405	Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.
GCST90651540	Liu TY	2025	1,708	217,632	Diversity and longitudinal records: Genetic architecture of disease associations and polygenic risk in the Taiwanese Han population.
GCST90477738	Verma A	2024	1,530	56,069	Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.
GCST90481928	Verma A	2024	232	6,321	Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

Tier distribution (top 50 variants)

Tier	Variants
Tier 1: coding	2
Tier 2: splice/UTR	2
Tier 3: regulatory	4
Tier 4: intronic/intergenic	27

MAF distribution

Bucket	Variants
common (>=0.05)	31
low_freq (0.01-0.05)	2
rare (<0.01)	1
unknown	1

Functional consequences

Consequence	Count
intron_variant	19
intergenic_variant	6
regulatory_region_variant	4
3_prime_UTR_variant	2
missense_variant	1
synonymous_variant	1
non_coding_transcript_exon_variant	1
frameshift_variant	1

Top variants

rsID	Chr	Pos	Alleles	MAF	Consequence	Gene	p-value	Tier
rs5743618	4	38797027	C>A,G	0.153	missense_variant	TLR1	2e-25	Tier 1: coding
rs72823641	2	102319699	T>A,C	0.159	intron_variant	IL18R1, IL1RL1	4e-22	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs7936312	11	76582682	G>C,T	0.414	intergenic_variant	EMSY - LINC02757	4e-16	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs62404084	6	32635544	C>T	0.294	intergenic_variant	HLA-DQA1	2e-15	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs2508569	11	118809336	C>G	0.315	intergenic_variant	DDX6 - COX7CP3	2e-15	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs891058	2	8302417	G>A	0.346	regulatory_region_variant	LINC00299	3e-15	Tier 3: regulatory
rs7688384	4	122307977	C>G,T	0.311	synonymous_variant	BLTP1	4e-15	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs79881201	5	111092097	C>A,T	0.311	non_coding_transcript_exon_variant	TSLP - WDR36	3e-14	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs73390208	6	31358354	C>A,T	0.307	intron_variant	HLA-B	1e-12	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs9923856	16	11116558	T>C	0.265	intron_variant	CLEC16A	2e-12	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs13279820	8	127765520	T>A,C,G	0.271	intergenic_variant	MYC - PVT1	3e-12	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs7714574	5	40492553	C>A,G,T	0.489	intron_variant	RNU1-150P - TTC33	4e-12	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs34290285	2	241759225	G>A	0.216	intron_variant	D2HGDH	5e-11	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs12645469	4	102625698	G>A,C	0.298	regulatory_region_variant	NFKB1 - MANBA	6e-11	Tier 3: regulatory
rs12440045	15	41490486	A>C,G	0.482	regulatory_region_variant	RTF1 - ITPKA	7e-11	Tier 3: regulatory
rs7624084	3	141374443	T>C	0.446	intron_variant	ZBTB38	9e-11	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs6881706	5	35879054	G>C,T	0.331	3_prime_UTR_variant	IL7R	1e-10	Tier 2: splice/UTR
rs9378774	6	382897	A>G,T	0.367	intron_variant	DUSP22 - IRF4	1e-10	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs6691738	1	173182897	T>G	0.3	intron_variant	TNFSF4	2e-10	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs558269137	1	152312601	CACTG>C	0.014	frameshift_variant	CCDST, FLG	8e-10	Tier 1: coding
rs4031435	15	90472334	G>A,C	0.328	intron_variant	IQGAP1	1e-09	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs190653364	12	55156742	G>A	0.006	intergenic_variant	OR9K2 - OR9R1P	2e-09	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs151077709	9	6091478	TAAACAAAC>T,TAAAC,TAAACAAACAAAC,TAAACAAACAAACAAAC,TAAACAAACAAACAAACAAAC	0.228	intergenic_variant	RANBP6 - GTF3AP1	5e-09	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs36005199	17	42445537	A>G	0.286	intron_variant	RNU7-97P - ATP6V0A1	8e-09	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs13272105	8	80384604	C>A	0.345	intron_variant	RPL13AP18 - RNU6-1213P	1e-08	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs61839660	10	6052734	C>T	0.041	intron_variant	IL2RA	1e-08	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs9911533	17	40619224	C>A,G,T	0.394	regulatory_region_variant	CCR7 - SMARCE1	1e-08	Tier 3: regulatory
rs10714023	16	69702648	GCC>G,GC	0.257	3_prime_UTR_variant	NFAT5	1e-08	Tier 2: splice/UTR
rs79279599	4	114728111	C>G,T		intron_variant	CIR1P2 - RN7SL808P	2e-08	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs2614276	6	135360566	T>A,C,G	0.386	intron_variant	AHI1	2e-08	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic

Genes & proteins

No associated-gene cohort resolved for this disease. Atlas builds the molecular and therapeutic sections — associated genes, protein families, druggability, pathways, interactions, and drug associations — by aggregating over a disease’s associated genes (resolved via GWAS / GenCC / ClinVar / CIViC), and none resolved here. This is expected for antibody-mediated, autoimmune, or otherwise non-gene-defined conditions; the curated evidence for this disease is its clinical features, GWAS susceptibility, and clinical trials (above).

Function

No pathway enrichment — requires an associated-gene cohort.

Therapeutics

Drugs indicated for this disease

8 approved, 12 in late-stage (phase 3) trials. Disease-direct ChEMBL indications, not inferred from the associated-gene cohort below.

Drug	Development status
Alcaftadine	Approved (phase 4)
Dexamethasone	Approved (phase 4)
Hydrocortisone	Approved (phase 4)
Loteprednol Etabonate	Approved (phase 4)
Prednisolone	Approved (phase 4)
Prednisolone Acetate	Approved (phase 4)
Prednisone	Approved (phase 4)
Tobramycin	Approved (phase 4)
Bepotastine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Bilastine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Bromfenac	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Cetirizine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Cyclosporine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Desloratadine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Glycerin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Isunakinra	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Ketotifen	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Naphazoline	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Olopatadine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Reproxalap	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)

Earlier-phase candidates (phase 2, investigational — efficacy not yet established): Aldesleukin, Artesunate, Cholecalciferol, Dupilumab, Lifitegrast, Mapracorat, Pyronaridine, Sodium Chloride, Tacrolimus Anhydrous.

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 139.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

Phase	Trials
PHASE3	47
PHASE2	32
PHASE4	30
Not specified	21
PHASE1	5
PHASE2/PHASE3	2
PHASE1/PHASE2	2

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00276445	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Alleviation of Cedar Pollen Induced Allergic Symptoms by Orally Taken Superfine Beta-1,3-Glucan
NCT00389025	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Mast-Cell Stabilizing Effects of Olopatadine
NCT00489398	PHASE4	WITHDRAWN	Comparison of CL Wear Between Two Allergy Drops
NCT00534794	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study of Two Marketed Ocular Anti-Allergy Medications in Subjects With Allergic Conjunctivitis
NCT00559546	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Montelukast as a Controller of Atopic Syndrome
NCT00689078	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of the Efficacy of Topical Ophthalmic Steroids in a Modified Conjunctival Allergen Challenge (CAC) Model
NCT00818805	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy Investigation Study of Olopatadine Hydrochloride Ophthalmic Solution Using OHIO Chamber in Patients With Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis (SAR)
NCT01109485	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Clinical Evaluation of 0.1% Olopatadine Hydrochloride Ophthalmic Solution in Pediatric Patients
NCT01119287	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Assessing the Efficacy of Maxidex® and Patanol® for the Treatment of Allergic Conjunctivitis
NCT01159769	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Patient Perceptions and Quality of Life Associated With the Use of Olapatadine 0.2% for the Treatment of Allergic Conjunctivitis
NCT01203540	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of the Effect and Tolerance of Preservative Free NAAGA on the Inflammatory Component and Symptoms of Dry Eye Syndrome in Allergic Conjunctivitis Patients
NCT01272089	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study of Patient Perception and Quality of Life Associated With the Use of Olopatadine 0.2% in Subjects With Allergic Conjunctivitis
NCT01282138	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Assessment of Alcon’s Ocular Image Quantification System
NCT01294969	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Patient Perception Study for AL-4943A
NCT01337557	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Use of BEPREVE (Bepotastine Besilate Ophthalmic Solution) 1.5% for Allergic Conjunctivitis and Contact Lenses
NCT01346371	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Effect of BEPREVE 1.5% on Tear Film Osmolarity and Tear Film Lipid Layer
NCT01390961	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Comparison of Tolerability Between Two Allergy Drops
NCT01439815	PHASE4	COMPLETED	An Allergen BioCube (ABC) Study Evaluating the Efficacy of Fluticasone Propionate Nasal Spray Compared to Placebo
NCT01443442	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Bepreve vs. Alrex in Subjects With Moderate to Severe Allergic Conjunctivitis
NCT01534195	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of the Efficacy of Topical Ophthalmic Steroids in a Modified Conjunctival Allergen Challenge (CAC) Model
NCT01697969	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Confocal Analysis of Corneal Structures of Symptomatic Allergic Conjunctivitis Patients
NCT01730872	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Prednisolone in a Modified Conjunctival Allergen Challenge Model
NCT01808768	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Ocular Allergy Treatment Practical Impact Trial
NCT02251613	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effectiveness of Olopatadine HCl Ophthalmic Solution for the Treatment of Allergic Conjunctivitis in Japan
NCT02308501	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Single-Center Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Lastacaft as Measured by In-Vivo Confocal Microscopy
NCT03862053	PHASE4	WITHDRAWN	Manuka Eye Droops for Treatment of Allergy
NCT04776096	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Toxicity of Bepotastine 1,5% PF vs Olopatadine 0,2% With BAK on Allergic Conjunctivitis Treatment
NCT05265910	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study Comparing the Efficacy of Pataday® Once Daily Relief Extra Strength to Claritin® Tablets 24-Hour in Subjects With Allergic Conjunctivitis
NCT05314621	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study Comparing the Efficacy of Pataday® Once Daily Relief Extra Strength to Flonase® Allergy Relief in Subjects With Allergic Conjunctivitis
NCT06800274	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Clinical and Biological Evaluation of NAAGA Versus Azelastine Eye Drops in Allergic Subjects With Tear Film Dysfunction
NCT07309432	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Study of Bet v1 Antibodies Effect on Eye Allergy Symptoms in Adolescents and Adults With Birch Pollen Allergy
NCT00241319	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Efficacy of Ophthalmic Solution in Induced Acute Allergic Conjunctivitis
NCT00244543	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Efficacy of Ophthalmic Solution in Induced Allergic Conjunctivitis
NCT00298337	PHASE2/PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Use of Probiotic Bacteria in Prevention of Allergic Disease in Children 1999-2008
NCT00331500	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Olopatadine 0.2% for the Treatment of Allergic Conjunctivitis
NCT00364091	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Efficacy of Ophthalmic Solution in Seasonal Allergic Conjunctivitis
NCT00423007	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety of Topical Bromfenac Ophthalmic Solution vs. Placebo in Subjects With Allergic Conjunctivitis
NCT00432757	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of an Anti-Allergy Drug With a Contact Lens in Allergic Conjunctivitis
NCT00445874	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of an Anti-Allergy Drug With a Contact Lens in the Treatment of Allergic Conjunctivitis
NCT00569777	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Safety Study of a Contact Lens With Ketotifen in Healthy, Normal Volunteers

Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Trials referencing
OLOPATADINE	4	49
KETOTIFEN	4	17
BEPOTASTINE	4	7
CETIRIZINE	4	4
AZELASTINE	4	3
BILASTINE	4	3
BRIMONIDINE TARTRATE	4	3
EPINASTINE	4	3
MONTELUKAST	4	3
NAPHAZOLINE	4	3
OXYMETAZOLINE	4	3
PREDNISOLONE	4	3
ALCAFTADINE	4	2
HYPROMELLOSE	4	2
LOTEPREDNOL ETABONATE	4	2
BETAMETHASONE	4	1
BROMFENAC	4	1
DEXAMETHASONE	4	1
DEXAMETHASONE SODIUM PHOSPHATE	4	1
FLUTICASONE PROPIONATE	4	1
LIFITEGRAST	4	1
LORATADINE	4	1
DEXTRAN	3	1
FRENESLERBART	3	1
HONEY	3	1
ISUNAKINRA	3	1
MEVONLERBART	3	1
TRANILAST	3	1
DEXTRAN 1	2	1
NAVAMEPENT	2	1