Autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 23

Summary

Autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 23 (MONDO:0012293) is a disease caused by PCDH15 (GenCC Definitive), with 1 cohort gene.

At a glance

• Causal gene: PCDH15 (GenCC Definitive)
• Cohort genes: 1
• ClinVar variants: 338

Clinical features

No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

Field	Value
Canonical name	autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 23
Mondo ID	MONDO:0012293
MeSH	C563705
OMIM	609533
DOID	DOID:0110481
UMLS	C1836027
MedGen	332110
GARD	0022613
Is cancer (heuristic)	no

Also known as: autosomal recessive deafness 23 · autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness 23 · autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness caused by mutation in PCDH15 · autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness type 23 · deafness, autosomal recessive 23 · deafness, autosomal recessive type 23 · DFNB23 · PCDH15 autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness

Data availability: 338 ClinVar variants · 2 GenCC gene-disease records.

Disease family

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by etiologic mechanism › disease of genetic or genomic mechanism › hereditary disease › autosomal genetic disease › autosomal recessive disease › hearing loss, autosomal recessive › autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 23

Related subtypes (101): autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 5, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 1A, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 2, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 3, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 4, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 6, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 7, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 9, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 8, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 12, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 15, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 18A, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 17, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 13, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 21, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 14, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 16, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 20, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 26, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 27, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 22, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 31, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 30, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 33, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 37, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 38, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 40, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 39, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 35, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 32, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 36, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 48, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 42, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 46, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 53, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 28, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 51, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 47, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 55, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 62, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 49, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 44, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 66, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 59, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 65, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 67, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 68, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 24, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 63, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 45, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 1B, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 71, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 77, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 25, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 79, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 84A, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 85, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 91, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 83, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 74, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 61, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 89, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 29, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 96, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 86, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 98, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 93, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 70, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 84B, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 18B, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 88, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 76, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 101, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 102, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 103, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 104, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 97, hearing loss, autosomal recessive 111, hearing loss, autosomal recessive 118, with cochlear aplasia, hearing loss, autosomal recessive 119, hearing loss, autosomal recessive 117, hearing loss, autosomal recessive 112, hearing loss, autosomal recessive 113, hearing loss, autosomal recessive 100, hearing loss, autosomal recessive 94, hearing loss, autosomal recessive 114, hearing loss, autosomal recessive 115, hearing loss, autosomal recessive 99, hearing loss, autosomal recessive 106, hearing loss, autosomal recessive 107, hearing loss, autosomal recessive 108, hearing loss, autosomal recessive 57, hearing loss, autosomal recessive 109, hearing loss, autosomal recessive 116, hearing loss, autosomal recessive 110, hearing loss, autosomal recessive 120, hearing loss, autosomal recessive 121, hearing loss, autosomal recessive 122, hearing loss, autosomal recessive 123, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 124, hearing loss, autosomal recessive 125

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

No GWAS associations recorded — common-variant (GWAS) studies don’t cover this disease (typical for Mendelian / rare diseases). See the curated gene cohort and Mendelian overlap below.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

ClinVar germline variants

338 retrieved; paginated sample, class counts are floors:

101 likely pathogenic, 73 pathogenic/likely pathogenic, 59 uncertain significance, 43 pathogenic, 34 conflicting classifications of pathogenicity, 14 benign, 11 benign/likely benign, 3 likely benign

ClinVar	Variant (HGVS)	Gene	Classification	Review
3338319	NM_001384140.1(PCDH15):c.[3661C>T];[3717+1G>A]		Pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter
554937	NM_001384140.1(PCDH15):c.145G>T (p.Glu49Ter)	LOC105378311	Pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
1027565	NM_001384140.1(PCDH15):c.3667_3668del (p.Ile1223fs)	PCDH15	Pathogenic	no assertion criteria provided
1068808	NM_033056.4(PCDH15):c.4409_4413del (p.Asn1470fs)	PCDH15	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
1069096	NM_001384140.1(PCDH15):c.3717+1G>C	PCDH15	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
1069748	NM_001384140.1(PCDH15):c.1462C>T (p.Gln488Ter)	PCDH15	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
1070354	NM_033056.4(PCDH15):c.4523_4526dup (p.Ala1510fs)	PCDH15	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
1071287	NM_001384140.1(PCDH15):c.1977_1978del (p.Arg659fs)	PCDH15	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
1073476	NM_001384140.1(PCDH15):c.3717+1G>T	PCDH15	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
1074170	NM_001384140.1(PCDH15):c.1401del (p.Gln467fs)	PCDH15	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
1074783	NM_033056.4(PCDH15):c.4599_4600dup (p.Ser1534fs)	PCDH15	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
1076811	NM_001384140.1(PCDH15):c.4102G>T (p.Glu1368Ter)	PCDH15	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
1076917	NM_033056.4(PCDH15):c.4699_4715dup (p.Leu1573fs)	PCDH15	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
1185088	NM_001384140.1(PCDH15):c.2756del (p.Met919fs)	PCDH15	Pathogenic	no assertion criteria provided
1343721	NM_001384140.1(PCDH15):c.423_430dup (p.Ser144fs)	PCDH15	Pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
1378092	NM_001384140.1(PCDH15):c.4349_4352dup (p.Gly1452fs)	PCDH15	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
1400879	NM_001384140.1(PCDH15):c.2919_2923del (p.Tyr974fs)	PCDH15	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
1404217	NM_001384140.1(PCDH15):c.561dup (p.Glu188fs)	PCDH15	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
1425442	NM_001384140.1(PCDH15):c.2029_2044del (p.Asp677fs)	PCDH15	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
1451139	NM_033056.4(PCDH15):c.4566_4569dup (p.Ala1524fs)	PCDH15	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
1451278	NM_001384140.1(PCDH15):c.3688A>T (p.Lys1230Ter)	PCDH15	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
1452598	NM_033056.4(PCDH15):c.4596_4600dup (p.Ser1534delinsThrTer)	PCDH15	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
1454964	NM_001384140.1(PCDH15):c.2630T>A (p.Leu877Ter)	PCDH15	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
1455910	NM_033056.4(PCDH15):c.4411_4412dup (p.Val1472fs)	PCDH15	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
1458978	NM_001384140.1(PCDH15):c.2029_2044dup (p.Asp682delinsGlyGlnGlyLysHisTer)	PCDH15	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
1459364	NM_001384140.1(PCDH15):c.1399C>T (p.Gln467Ter)	PCDH15	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
1526060	NM_001384140.1(PCDH15):c.2843_2847dup (p.Ala950fs)	PCDH15	Pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter
1687300	NM_001384140.1(PCDH15):c.60_61del (p.Leu20_Phe21insTer)	PCDH15	Pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
1725956	NM_001384140.1(PCDH15):c.251G>A (p.Trp84Ter)	PCDH15	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
177724	NM_001384140.1(PCDH15):c.1927C>T (p.Arg643Ter)	PCDH15	Pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Genes & proteins

Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers

GenCC: 9 · Orphanet: 2 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0

GenCC gene–disease validity (cohort genes)

the Disease column is the GenCC-asserted condition — a cohort gene’s strongest validity may be for a related predisposition syndrome.

Gene	Classification	Inheritance	Disease	Records
PCDH15	Definitive	Autosomal recessive	autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 23	9

Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)

Gene	Orphanet ID	Rare disease
PCDH15	Orphanet:231169	Usher syndrome type 1
PCDH15	Orphanet:90636	Rare autosomal recessive non-syndromic sensorineural deafness type DFNB

Cohort genes → proteins

1 cohort genes, 1 distinct canonical proteins.

Evidence partition

Subset	Genes
multi_evidence	1

Cohort genes (full)

Symbol	HGNC	Ensembl	UniProt	Name	Evidence
PCDH15	HGNC:14674	ENSG00000150275	Q96QU1	Protocadherin-15	gencc,clinvar

Cohort function summary

Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.

Symbol	Protein name	Function (lead sentence)
PCDH15	Protocadherin-15	Calcium-dependent cell-adhesion protein.

Protein-family classification

Druggable: 0 · Difficult: 0 · Unknown: 1 · Druggable fraction: 0.0

Family distribution

Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.

Family	Genes	Fold	FDR
Other/Unknown	1	1.8×	0.558

Per-gene assignment

Symbol	Family	Druggable?	EC	InterPro (top 3)
PCDH15	Other/Unknown	no		Cadherin-like_dom, Cadherin-like_sf, Cadherin_CS

Expression context

Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.

1 cohort gene are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.

Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)

Bucket	Genes
narrow (1-5 tissues)	0
moderate (6-20)	0
broad (>20)	1
unknown	0

Top tissues across cohort

Tissue	Cohort genes
adrenal tissue	1
left adrenal gland cortex	1
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	1

Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)

Symbol	Bgee breadth	FANTOM5 breadth	SCXA	Top tissues
PCDH15	130	tissue_specific	marker	left adrenal gland cortex, male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis, adrenal tissue

Protein interactions among cohort

Intra-cohort edges: 0.

Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)

Symbol	Interactor count
PCDH15	1,732

Structural data

PDB: 1 · AlphaFold-only: 0 · No structure: 0

Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)

Symbol	UniProt	PDB entries
PCDH15	Q96QU1	8

Function

Pathway analysis

Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 2. Enrichment computed across 1 evidence-associated genes (1 with Reactome annotation).

Pathways by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 1 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

Pathway	Cohort genes	Fold	FDR	Sample cohort genes
Sensory processing of sound by outer hair cells of the cochlea	1	203.9×	0.006	PCDH15
Sensory processing of sound by inner hair cells of the cochlea	1	163.1×	0.006	PCDH15

GO biological processes by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 1 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

GO term	Cohort genes	Fold	FDR	Sample cohort genes
equilibrioception	1	2407.4×	0.002	PCDH15
sensory perception of light stimulus	1	1872.4×	0.002	PCDH15
inner ear development	1	374.5×	0.005	PCDH15
photoreceptor cell maintenance	1	358.6×	0.005	PCDH15
homophilic cell-cell adhesion	1	140.4×	0.010	PCDH15
sensory perception of sound	1	100.9×	0.012	PCDH15
cell adhesion	1	37.5×	0.027	PCDH15

Therapeutics

Drug target analysis

Approved (phase 4): 0 · Phase ≥3: 0 · Phased (≥1): 0 · Undrugged: 1

Druggability breadth: 1 of 1 evidence-associated genes (100%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).

Top cohort targets by molecule count

Symbol	Molecules	Max phase
PCDH15	0	0

Bioactivity and enzyme data

Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 0.

Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)

Symbol	Assays	Type breakdown
PCDH15	9	Binding:9

Pharmacogenomics

Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 1; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.

No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).

Chemical tractability of cohort targets

0 approved/phased compounds have measured bioactivity against a cohort gene (and aren’t yet in disease-level trials). This is a research / tractability signal, NOT a therapeutic recommendation — a bioactivity row often reflects off-target or screening binding (e.g. promiscuous kinase inhibitors against a cohort kinase), implying no disease mechanism.

Druggability pyramid

Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):

Tier	Definition	Genes	Symbols
A	Approved (phase 4 drug)	0
B	Phased (≥1) drug, not yet approved	0
C	Druggable family + PDB, no drug	0
D	Druggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug	0
E	Difficult family or no structure, no drug	1	PCDH15

Undrugged target profiles

1 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).

Symbol	ChEMBL assays	Drugged partners (top 3)
PCDH15	9	—

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 0.