B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
diseaseOn this page
Also known as B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphomaprecursor B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphomaprecursor B-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia
Summary
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (MONDO:0004947) is a cancer (an umbrella term covering 16 Mondo subtypes) with 16 cohort genes (131 GWAS associations across 31 studies; 8 CIViC-evidence somatic drivers) and 112 clinical trials. Molecularly, BCR::ABL1 Fusion confers sensitivity to Dasatinib in B-lymphoblastic Leukemia/lymphoma (CIViC Level A); 61 further subtype–drug associations are mapped below. Top therapeutic interventions include blinatumomab, tisagenlecleucel, and inotuzumab ozogamicin.
At a glance
- Classification: Cancer
- Umbrella term: 16 Mondo subtypes
- Cohort genes: 16
- GWAS associations: 131
- Clinical trials: 112
- Precision-medicine evidence (CIViC): 62 subtype–drug associations
Clinical features
No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.
Identifiers
Disease identifiers
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Canonical name | B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia |
| Mondo ID | MONDO:0004947 |
| EFO | EFO:0000094 |
| DOID | DOID:0080630, DOID:7061 |
| NCIT | C8936 |
| SNOMED CT | 277571004 |
| UMLS | C1292769 |
| MedGen | 226949 |
| GARD | 0024135 |
| Is cancer (heuristic) | yes |
Also known as: B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma · precursor B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma · precursor B-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia
Data availability: 131 GWAS associations (31 studies).
Disease family
An umbrella term covering 16 Mondo subtypes.
Classification path: human disease › disease by etiologic mechanism › cancer or benign tumor › neoplastic disease or syndrome › neoplasm › hematopoietic and lymphoid system neoplasm › hematopoietic and lymphoid cell neoplasm › lymphoid neoplasm › precursor lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia › acute lymphoblastic leukemia › B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Related subtypes (11): childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, prolymphocytic leukemia, adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia, null-cell leukemia, B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, lymphoblastic leukemia, acute, with lymphomatous features, plasma cell leukemia, acute biphenotypic leukemia, precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, precursor T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Subtypes (16): B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with t(1;19)(q23;p13.3); E2A-PBX1 (TCF3-PBX1), B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma MLL rearranged, B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with ETV6-RUNX1, B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with IL3-IGH, B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma, BCR-ABL1–like, B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with IAMP21, B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with t(7;9)(q11.2;p13.2), B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with t(17;19), B acute lymphoblastic leukemia with PAX5 P80R mutation, B acute lymphoblastic leukemia with DUX4 rearrangement, B-lymphoblastic leukemia with MEF2D rearrangement, B-lymphoblastic leukemia with MYC rearrangement, B-lymphoblastic leukemia with NUTM1 rearrangement, B-lymphoblastic leukemia with PAX5alt, B-lymphoblastic leukemia with TCF3-HLF fusion, B-lymphoblastic leukemia with ZNF384 rearrangement
Genetics & variants
GWAS landscape
131 GWAS associations across 31 studies. Top hits map to 21 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).
Top associations by p-value
| rsID | p-value | Gene | Risk allele | Odds ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs10821936 | 1e-106 | ARID5B | C | 1.8 |
| rs7089424 | 2e-73 | ARID5B | ? | 1.89 |
| rs17133805 | 5e-71 | IKZF1 - RNU6-1091P | G | 1.65 |
| rs4132601 | 6e-55 | IKZF1 | ? | 1.75 |
| rs7090445 | 5e-54 | ARID5B | ? | |
| rs113650570 | 8e-35 | CDKN2A | A | 2.32 |
| rs11980379 | 3e-33 | IKZF1 | ? | |
| rs3731249 | 1e-27 | CDKN2A | ? | 2.65 |
| rs2239630 | 2e-21 | CEBPE | A | 1.28 |
| rs2239633 | 1e-16 | CEBPE | ? | |
| rs3824662 | 1e-16 | GATA3 | ? | |
| rs183221417 | 1e-15 | GUSBP7 - RNU6-1119P | C | 2.94 |
| rs2296624 | 3e-15 | PIP4K2A | C | 1.25 |
| rs10821946 | 2e-14 | ARID5B | ? | |
| rs17133807 | 3e-14 | IKZF1 - RNU6-1091P | A | 1.62 |
| rs3731217 | 7e-14 | CDKN2A | ? | 1.43 |
| rs7385730 | 2e-13 | SPMIP7 - IKZF1 | ? | |
| rs27437 | 3e-13 | CSF2 - P4HA2-AS1 | ? | |
| rs62445869 | 3e-13 | IKZF1 - RNU6-1091P | A | 1.67 |
| rs11741255 | 4e-13 | IRF1, CARINH | ? | |
| rs1993444 | 4e-13 | SPMIP7 - IKZF1 | ? | |
| rs12779301 | 6e-13 | LHPP | C | 1.22 |
| rs35837782 | 1e-11 | LHPP | G | 1.21 |
| rs112113758 | 1e-11 | CNTN4 | T | 2.09 |
| rs17552904 | 2e-11 | SPMIP7 - IKZF1 | ? | |
| rs3781092 | 2e-11 | GATA3 | ? | |
| rs13137679 | 6e-11 | RNA5SP166 - ATP5MGP4 | ? | |
| rs4648050 | 9e-11 | NFKB1 | ? | |
| rs6944650 | 1e-10 | IKZF1 - RNU6-1091P | ? | |
| rs11555134 | 1e-10 | GRB10 | ? |
Top studies (by case count)
| Study | Lead author | Year | Cases | Controls | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GCST90428833 | Yu X | 2024 | 47,429 | 85,040 | Shared genetic architecture between autoimmune disorders and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: insights from large-scale genome-wide cross-trait analysis. |
| GCST90428826 | Yu X | 2024 | 30,155 | 396,652 | Shared genetic architecture between autoimmune disorders and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: insights from large-scale genome-wide cross-trait analysis. |
| GCST90428822 | Yu X | 2024 | 26,582 | 317,337 | Shared genetic architecture between autoimmune disorders and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: insights from large-scale genome-wide cross-trait analysis. |
| GCST90428829 | Yu X | 2024 | 25,042 | 51,581 | Shared genetic architecture between autoimmune disorders and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: insights from large-scale genome-wide cross-trait analysis. |
| GCST90428832 | Yu X | 2024 | 22,350 | 91,489 | Shared genetic architecture between autoimmune disorders and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: insights from large-scale genome-wide cross-trait analysis. |
| GCST90428825 | Yu X | 2024 | 15,654 | 396,652 | Shared genetic architecture between autoimmune disorders and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: insights from large-scale genome-wide cross-trait analysis. |
| GCST90428823 | Yu X | 2024 | 13,962 | 317,337 | Shared genetic architecture between autoimmune disorders and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: insights from large-scale genome-wide cross-trait analysis. |
| GCST90428831 | Yu X | 2024 | 12,366 | 50,275 | Shared genetic architecture between autoimmune disorders and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: insights from large-scale genome-wide cross-trait analysis. |
| GCST90428830 | Yu X | 2024 | 12,194 | 44,738 | Shared genetic architecture between autoimmune disorders and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: insights from large-scale genome-wide cross-trait analysis. |
| GCST90428834 | Yu X | 2024 | 9,095 | 34,250 | Shared genetic architecture between autoimmune disorders and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: insights from large-scale genome-wide cross-trait analysis. |
Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers
Tier distribution (top 50 variants)
| Tier | Variants |
|---|---|
| Tier 1: coding | 2 |
| Tier 2: splice/UTR | 4 |
| Tier 3: regulatory | 4 |
| Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | 40 |
MAF distribution
| Bucket | Variants |
|---|---|
| common (>=0.05) | 48 |
| low_freq (0.01-0.05) | 1 |
| rare (<0.01) | 0 |
| unknown | 1 |
Functional consequences
| Consequence | Count |
|---|---|
| intron_variant | 31 |
| intergenic_variant | 8 |
| regulatory_region_variant | 4 |
| 3_prime_UTR_variant | 4 |
| missense_variant | 2 |
| non_coding_transcript_exon_variant | 1 |
Top variants
| rsID | Chr | Pos | Alleles | MAF | Consequence | Gene | p-value | Tier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs10821936 | 10 | 61963818 | C>A,T | 0.33 | intron_variant | ARID5B | 1e-106 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs7089424 | 10 | 61992400 | T>G | 0.05 | intron_variant | ARID5B | 2e-73 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs17133805 | 7 | 50409816 | T>A,C,G | 0.32 | regulatory_region_variant | IKZF1 - RNU6-1091P | 5e-71 | Tier 3: regulatory |
| rs4132601 | 7 | 50402906 | T>G | 0.05 | 3_prime_UTR_variant | IKZF1 | 6e-55 | Tier 2: splice/UTR |
| rs7090445 | 10 | 61961417 | C>G,T | 0.05 | intron_variant | ARID5B | 5e-54 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs113650570 | 9 | 21976403 | G>A,T | 0.02 | intron_variant | CDKN2A | 8e-35 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs11980379 | 7 | 50402283 | T>C | 0.05 | 3_prime_UTR_variant | IKZF1 | 3e-33 | Tier 2: splice/UTR |
| rs3731249 | 9 | 21970917 | C>A,G,T | 0.05 | missense_variant | CDKN2A | 1e-27 | Tier 1: coding |
| rs2239630 | 14 | 23120140 | A>C,G | 0.45 | intron_variant | CEBPE | 2e-21 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs2239633 | 14 | 23119848 | G>A,C,T | 0.05 | intron_variant | CEBPE | 1e-16 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs3824662 | 10 | 8062245 | C>A,G,T | 0.05 | intron_variant | GATA3 | 1e-16 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs183221417 | 5 | 100102043 | T>C | 0.05 | intron_variant | GUSBP7 - RNU6-1119P | 1e-15 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs2296624 | 10 | 22568017 | C>A,T | 0.33 | intron_variant | PIP4K2A | 3e-15 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs10821946 | 10 | 62042815 | C>T | 0.05 | intron_variant | ARID5B | 2e-14 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs17133807 | 7 | 50409989 | G>A | 0.05 | regulatory_region_variant | IKZF1 - RNU6-1091P | 3e-14 | Tier 3: regulatory |
| rs3731217 | 9 | 21984662 | A>C,G,T | 0.05 | intron_variant | CDKN2A | 7e-14 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs7385730 | 7 | 50279342 | G>A,T | 0.05 | intergenic_variant | SPMIP7 - IKZF1 | 2e-13 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs27437 | 5 | 132101268 | A>G,T | 0.05 | regulatory_region_variant | CSF2 - P4HA2-AS1 | 3e-13 | Tier 3: regulatory |
| rs62445869 | 7 | 50409913 | G>A,C | 0.05 | regulatory_region_variant | IKZF1 - RNU6-1091P | 3e-13 | Tier 3: regulatory |
| rs11741255 | 5 | 132475490 | G>A | 0.05 | intron_variant | IRF1, CARINH | 4e-13 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs1993444 | 7 | 50298903 | G>A,T | 0.05 | intergenic_variant | SPMIP7 - IKZF1 | 4e-13 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs12779301 | 10 | 124604086 | T>A,C | 0.34 | intron_variant | LHPP | 6e-13 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs35837782 | 10 | 124604740 | A>C,G,T | 0.38 | intron_variant | LHPP | 1e-11 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs112113758 | 3 | 2292232 | G>A,T | 0.05 | intron_variant | CNTN4 | 1e-11 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs17552904 | 7 | 50278712 | G>C,T | 0.05 | intergenic_variant | SPMIP7 - IKZF1 | 2e-11 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs3781092 | 10 | 8064390 | G>A,T | 0.05 | intron_variant | GATA3 | 2e-11 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs13137679 | 4 | 148698223 | A>G | 0.05 | intron_variant | RNA5SP166 - ATP5MGP4 | 6e-11 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs4648050 | 4 | 102593584 | T>A,C,G | 0.05 | intron_variant | NFKB1 | 9e-11 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs6944650 | 7 | 50433419 | T>C | 0.05 | intergenic_variant | IKZF1 - RNU6-1091P | 1e-10 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs11555134 | 7 | 50591496 | C>A,G,T | 0.05 | 3_prime_UTR_variant | GRB10 | 1e-10 | Tier 2: splice/UTR |
Genes & proteins
Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers
GenCC: 0 · Orphanet: 53 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 4
Dual-evidence genes (GWAS + Mendelian — highest-confidence targets)
| Gene | HGNC | Evidence routes |
|---|---|---|
| IKZF1 | IKZF1 | GWAS, Orphanet |
| CDKN2A | CDKN2A | GWAS, Orphanet |
| GATA3 | GATA3 | GWAS, Orphanet |
| PIP4K2A | PIP4K2A | GWAS, Orphanet |
Somatic driver evidence (intOGen + CIViC, cohort fanout)
| Gene | intOGen role | Cancer types | CIViC |
|---|---|---|---|
| IKZF1 | Act | AML,ANSC,SKCM | CIViC #73 |
| TP53 | LoF | ACC,ALL,AML,ANGS,ANSC,BCC,BL,BLADDER,BLCA,BRCA,CCRCC,CEAD,CESC,CHOL,CHRCC,CLLSLL,COAD,COADREAD,CSCC,DLBCLNOS,EGC,ES,ESCA,ESCC,GB,GBC,GBM,GIST,HCC,HGGNOS,HNSC,LGGNOS,LIPO,LMS,LNM,LUAD,LUSC,MBL,MEL,MLYM,MT,NBL,NETNOS,NHL,NPC,NSCLC,OS,OVT,PAAD,PANCREAS,PAST,PCM,PLMESO,PRAD,PRCC,PROSTATE,RCC,READ,SACA,SARCNOS,SCLC,SIC,SKCM,SKIN,SOFT_TISSUE,STAD,STOMACH,THYM,UCEC,UCS,UTUC,VULVA,WDTC,WT | CIViC #45 |
| ABL1 | LoF | UCEC | CIViC #4 |
| NT5C2 | CIViC #9189 | ||
| PRPS1 | CIViC #4566 | ||
| CDKN2A | LoF | ACYC,BLCA,BRCA,CHOL,COAD,COADREAD,CSCC,EGC,ESCA,ESCC,GBM,HCC,HNSC,LGGNOS,LUAD,LUSC,MEL,MLYM,NPC,NSCLC,OS,PAAD,PANCREAS,RCC,SKCM,SKIN,STAD,STOMACH,WDTC | CIViC #14 |
| ERG | Act | ANGS | CIViC #71 |
| GATA3 | Act | ALL,BRCA | CIViC #2189 |
Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)
| Gene | Orphanet ID | Rare disease |
|---|---|---|
| IKZF1 | Orphanet:317473 | Common variable immunodeficiency phenotype due to IKAROS functional haploinsufficiency |
| IKZF1 | Orphanet:36426 | Stevens-Johnson syndrome |
| IKZF1 | Orphanet:585909 | B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2) |
| IKZF1 | Orphanet:695172 | Combined immunodeficiency due to dimerization defective IKAROS mutation |
| IKZF1 | Orphanet:697414 | Early-onset combined immunodeficiency with low Ig due to dominant negative IKAROS mutation |
| TP53 | Orphanet:1333 | Familial pancreatic carcinoma |
| TP53 | Orphanet:145 | Hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer syndrome |
| TP53 | Orphanet:1501 | Adrenocortical carcinoma |
| TP53 | Orphanet:210159 | Adult hepatocellular carcinoma |
| TP53 | Orphanet:251576 | Gliosarcoma |
| TP53 | Orphanet:251579 | Giant cell glioblastoma |
| TP53 | Orphanet:251899 | Choroid plexus carcinoma |
| TP53 | Orphanet:2807 | Papilloma of choroid plexus |
| TP53 | Orphanet:293199 | Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma |
| TP53 | Orphanet:3318 | Essential thrombocythemia |
| TP53 | Orphanet:524 | Li-Fraumeni syndrome |
| TP53 | Orphanet:52688 | Myelodysplastic syndrome |
| TP53 | Orphanet:585909 | B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2) |
| TP53 | Orphanet:667662 | Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma |
| TP53 | Orphanet:668 | Osteosarcoma |
| TP53 | Orphanet:67038 | B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia |
| TP53 | Orphanet:70573 | Small cell lung cancer |
| TP53 | Orphanet:96253 | Cushing disease |
| TP53 | Orphanet:99756 | Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma |
| TP53 | Orphanet:99757 | Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma |
| ABL1 | Orphanet:521 | Chronic myeloid leukemia |
| ABL1 | Orphanet:585909 | B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2) |
| ABL1 | Orphanet:643503 | Marfanoid habitus-facial dysmorphism-skeletal abnormality-heart defect syndrome |
| ABL1 | Orphanet:99861 | Precursor T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia |
| NT5C2 | Orphanet:320396 | Autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia type 45 |
| PRPS1 | Orphanet:1187 | Lethal ataxia with deafness and optic atrophy |
| PRPS1 | Orphanet:411536 | Mild phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase superactivity |
| PRPS1 | Orphanet:411543 | Severe phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase superactivity |
| PRPS1 | Orphanet:423479 | X-linked intellectual disability-limb spasticity-retinal dystrophy-arginine vasopressin deficiency |
| PRPS1 | Orphanet:90625 | Rare X-linked non-syndromic sensorineural deafness type DFN |
| PRPS1 | Orphanet:99014 | X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 5 |
| SLC24A4 | Orphanet:100032 | Hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta |
| SLC24A4 | Orphanet:100033 | Hypomaturation amelogenesis imperfecta |
| CDKN2A | Orphanet:1333 | Familial pancreatic carcinoma |
| CDKN2A | Orphanet:1501 | Adrenocortical carcinoma |
| CDKN2A | Orphanet:252206 | Melanoma and neural system tumor syndrome |
| CDKN2A | Orphanet:404560 | Familial atypical multiple mole melanoma syndrome |
| CDKN2A | Orphanet:524 | Li-Fraumeni syndrome |
| CDKN2A | Orphanet:585909 | B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2) |
| CDKN2A | Orphanet:618 | Familial melanoma |
| CDKN2A | Orphanet:99861 | Precursor T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia |
| CEBPE | Orphanet:169142 | Recurrent infections due to specific granule deficiency |
| CEBPE | Orphanet:566067 | CEBPE-associated autoinflammation-immunodeficiency-neutrophil dysfunction syndrome |
| ERG | Orphanet:319 | Skeletal Ewing sarcoma |
| ERG | Orphanet:370334 | Extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma |
Cohort genes → proteins
16 cohort genes, 15 distinct canonical proteins.
Evidence partition
| Subset | Genes |
|---|---|
| gwas_only | 11 |
| civic_only | 4 |
| multi_evidence | 1 |
Cohort genes (full)
| Symbol | HGNC | Ensembl | UniProt | Name | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IKZF1 | HGNC:13176 | ENSG00000185811 | Q13422 | DNA-binding protein Ikaros | gwas,civic_evidence |
| TP53 | HGNC:11998 | ENSG00000141510 | P04637 | Cellular tumor antigen p53 | civic_evidence |
| ABL1 | HGNC:76 | ENSG00000097007 | P00519 | Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 | civic_evidence |
| NT5C2 | HGNC:8022 | ENSG00000076685 | P49902 | Cytosolic purine 5’-nucleotidase | civic_evidence |
| PRPS1 | HGNC:9462 | ENSG00000147224 | P60891 | Ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase 1 | civic_evidence |
| SLC24A4 | HGNC:10978 | ENSG00000140090 | Q8NFF2 | Sodium/potassium/calcium exchanger 4 | gwas |
| ARID5B | HGNC:17362 | ENSG00000150347 | Q14865 | AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 5B | gwas |
| CDKN2A | HGNC:1787 | ENSG00000147889 | P42771 | Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A | gwas |
| CEBPE | HGNC:1836 | ENSG00000092067 | Q15744 | CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein epsilon | gwas |
| CPSF2 | HGNC:2325 | ENSG00000165934 | Q9P2I0 | Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 2 | gwas |
| LHPP | HGNC:30042 | ENSG00000107902 | Q9H008 | Phospholysine phosphohistidine inorganic pyrophosphate phosphatase | gwas |
| ELK3 | HGNC:3325 | ENSG00000111145 | P41970 | ETS domain-containing protein Elk-3 | gwas |
| ERG | HGNC:3446 | ENSG00000157554 | P11308 | Transcriptional regulator ERG | gwas |
| GATA3 | HGNC:4172 | ENSG00000107485 | P23771 | Trans-acting T-cell-specific transcription factor GATA-3 | gwas |
| LINC00977 | HGNC:48902 | long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 977 | gwas | ||
| PIP4K2A | HGNC:8997 | ENSG00000150867 | P48426 | Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase type-2 alpha | gwas |
Cohort function summary
Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.
| Symbol | Protein name | Function (lead sentence) |
|---|---|---|
| IKZF1 | DNA-binding protein Ikaros | Transcription regulator of hematopoietic cell differentiation. |
| TP53 | Cellular tumor antigen p53 | Multifunctional transcription factor that induces cell cycle arrest, DNA repair or apoptosis upon binding to its target DNA sequence. |
| ABL1 | Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 | Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase that plays a role in many key processes linked to cell growth and survival such as cytoskeleton remodeling in response to extracellular stimuli, cell motility and adhesion, receptor endocytosis, autopha… |
| NT5C2 | Cytosolic purine 5’-nucleotidase | Broad specificity cytosolic 5’-nucleotidase that catalyzes the dephosphorylation of 6-hydroxypurine nucleoside 5’-monophosphates. |
| PRPS1 | Ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase 1 | Catalyzes the synthesis of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) that is essential for nucleotide synthesis. |
| SLC24A4 | Sodium/potassium/calcium exchanger 4 | Calcium, potassium:sodium antiporter that transports 1 Ca(2+) and 1 K(+) in exchange for 4 Na(+). |
| ARID5B | AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 5B | Transcription coactivator that binds to the 5’-AATA[CT]-3’ core sequence and plays a key role in adipogenesis and liver development. |
| CDKN2A | Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A | Acts as a negative regulator of the proliferation of normal cells by interacting strongly with CDK4 and CDK6. |
| CEBPE | CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein epsilon | Transcriptional activator. |
| CPSF2 | Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 2 | Component of the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) complex that play a key role in pre-mRNA 3’-end formation, recognizing the AAUAAA signal sequence and interacting with poly(A) polymerase and other factors to bring ab… |
| LHPP | Phospholysine phosphohistidine inorganic pyrophosphate phosphatase | Phosphatase that hydrolyzes imidodiphosphate, 3-phosphohistidine and 6-phospholysine. |
| ELK3 | ETS domain-containing protein Elk-3 | May be a negative regulator of transcription, but can activate transcription when coexpressed with Ras, Src or Mos. |
| ERG | Transcriptional regulator ERG | Transcriptional regulator. |
| GATA3 | Trans-acting T-cell-specific transcription factor GATA-3 | Transcriptional activator which binds to the enhancer of the T-cell receptor alpha and delta genes. |
| PIP4K2A | Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase type-2 alpha | Catalyzes the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate (PtdIns5P) on the fourth hydroxyl of the myo-inositol ring, to form phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2). |
Protein-family classification
Druggable: 5 · Difficult: 4 · Unknown: 7 · Druggable fraction: 0.31
Family distribution
Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.
| Family | Genes | Fold | FDR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kinase | 3 | 5.2× | 0.092 |
| Transcription factor | 3 | 1.6× | 0.651 |
| Enzyme (other) | 2 | 1.5× | 0.651 |
| Scaffold/PPI | 1 | 1.1× | 0.768 |
| Other/Unknown | 7 | 0.8× | 0.889 |
Per-gene assignment
| Symbol | Family | Druggable? | EC | InterPro (top 3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IKZF1 | Transcription factor | no | Znf_C2H2_type, Znf_C2H2_sf, Ikaros_C2H2-ZF | |
| TP53 | Transcription factor | no | p53_tumour_suppressor, p53-like_TF_DNA-bd_sf, p53_tetrameristn | |
| ABL1 | Kinase | yes | 2.7.10.2 | Prot_kinase_dom, SH2, Ser-Thr/Tyr_kinase_cat_dom |
| NT5C2 | Enzyme (other) | yes | 3.1.3.5 | HAD-SF_hydro_IG_5-nucl, Pur_nucleotidase, HAD_sf |
| PRPS1 | Kinase | yes | 2.7.6.1 | PRTase_dom, PRib_PP_synth_CS, Rib-P_diPkinase |
| SLC24A4 | Other/Unknown | no | K/Na/Ca-exchanger, NaCa_Exmemb, NCX_ion-bd_dom_sf | |
| ARID5B | Other/Unknown | no | ARID_dom, ARID5B_ARID/BRIGHT_DNA-bd, ARID_dom_sf | |
| CDKN2A | Scaffold/PPI | no | Ankyrin_rpt-contain_sf, Ank_Repeat/CDKN_Inhibitor, Tumor_suppres_ARF | |
| CEBPE | Other/Unknown | no | bZIP, C/EBP_chordates, C/EBP | |
| CPSF2 | Other/Unknown | no | Metallo-B-lactamas, RMMBL, Beta_Casp | |
| LHPP | Enzyme (other) | yes | 3.9.1.3 | LHPP/HDHD2, HAD-SF_hydro_IIA, HAD_sf |
| ELK3 | Other/Unknown | no | Ets_dom, WH-like_DNA-bd_sf, WH_DNA-bd_sf | |
| ERG | Other/Unknown | no | Ets_dom, Pointed_dom, SAM/pointed_sf | |
| GATA3 | Transcription factor | no | Znf_GATA, Znf_NHR/GATA, TF_GATA-2/3 | |
| LINC00977 | Other/Unknown | no | ||
| PIP4K2A | Kinase | yes | 2.7.1.149 | PInositol-4-P-4/5-kinase_core, PInositol-4/5-P-5/4-kinase, PInositol-4-P-4/5-kinase_C_sf |
Expression context
Cohort genes with no expression data: 1.
15 cohort genes are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.
Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)
| Bucket | Genes |
|---|---|
| narrow (1-5 tissues) | 0 |
| moderate (6-20) | 0 |
| broad (>20) | 15 |
| unknown | 1 |
Top tissues across cohort
| Tissue | Cohort genes |
|---|---|
| tendon of biceps brachii | 3 |
| leukocyte | 2 |
| monocyte | 2 |
| ventricular zone | 2 |
| buccal mucosa cell | 2 |
| parotid gland | 2 |
| mononuclear cell | 1 |
| ganglionic eminence | 1 |
| frontal pole | 1 |
| middle frontal gyrus | 1 |
| paraflocculus | 1 |
| oral cavity | 1 |
| islet of Langerhans | 1 |
| sural nerve | 1 |
| primary visual cortex | 1 |
| pericardium | 1 |
| saphenous vein | 1 |
| type B pancreatic cell | 1 |
| cervix squamous epithelium | 1 |
| pituitary gland | 1 |
Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)
| Symbol | Bgee breadth | FANTOM5 breadth | SCXA | Top tissues |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IKZF1 | 225 | broad | marker | leukocyte, monocyte, mononuclear cell |
| TP53 | 223 | ubiquitous | marker | ventricular zone, ganglionic eminence, tendon of biceps brachii |
| ABL1 | 283 | ubiquitous | marker | frontal pole, paraflocculus, middle frontal gyrus |
| NT5C2 | 294 | ubiquitous | marker | parotid gland, buccal mucosa cell, oral cavity |
| PRPS1 | 291 | ubiquitous | marker | islet of Langerhans, ventricular zone, sural nerve |
| SLC24A4 | 168 | broad | marker | monocyte, leukocyte, primary visual cortex |
| ARID5B | 299 | ubiquitous | marker | type B pancreatic cell, saphenous vein, pericardium |
| CDKN2A | 220 | ubiquitous | marker | parotid gland, cervix squamous epithelium, pituitary gland |
| CEBPE | 99 | tissue_specific | marker | bone marrow, bone element, trabecular bone tissue |
| CPSF2 | 259 | ubiquitous | marker | buccal mucosa cell, tendon of biceps brachii, colonic epithelium |
| LHPP | 214 | ubiquitous | marker | C1 segment of cervical spinal cord, olfactory bulb, spinal cord |
| ELK3 | 286 | ubiquitous | marker | bronchial epithelial cell, synovial joint, amniotic fluid |
| ERG | 247 | broad | marker | tendon of biceps brachii, descending thoracic aorta, thoracic aorta |
| GATA3 | 220 | broad | marker | upper leg skin, skin of hip, endometrium epithelium |
| LINC00977 | ||||
| PIP4K2A | 284 | ubiquitous | marker | inferior olivary complex, medial globus pallidus, globus pallidus |
Protein interactions among cohort
Intra-cohort edges: 9.
Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)
| Symbol | Interactor count |
|---|---|
| TP53 | 22,736 |
| CDKN2A | 9,311 |
| ABL1 | 6,937 |
| GATA3 | 5,990 |
| IKZF1 | 4,096 |
| CPSF2 | 2,988 |
| PIP4K2A | 2,217 |
| ARID5B | 1,778 |
| NT5C2 | 1,513 |
| CEBPE | 1,496 |
Intra-cohort edges
| A | B | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| ABL1 | IKZF1 | string_interaction |
| ABL1 | TP53 | string_interaction |
| ARID5B | CEBPE | string_interaction |
| ARID5B | IKZF1 | string_interaction |
| ARID5B | PIP4K2A | string_interaction |
| CDKN2A | TP53 | string_interaction |
| CEBPE | IKZF1 | string_interaction |
| CEBPE | PIP4K2A | string_interaction |
| LHPP | PIP4K2A | string_interaction |
Structural data
PDB: 13 · AlphaFold-only: 2 · No structure: 1
Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)
| Symbol | UniProt | PDB entries |
|---|---|---|
| TP53 | P04637 | 313 |
| ABL1 | P00519 | 85 |
| NT5C2 | P49902 | 43 |
| PRPS1 | P60891 | 27 |
| PIP4K2A | P48426 | 18 |
| IKZF1 | Q13422 | 10 |
| ERG | P11308 | 8 |
| CPSF2 | Q9P2I0 | 6 |
| CDKN2A | P42771 | 5 |
| GATA3 | P23771 | 3 |
| ARID5B | Q14865 | 2 |
| CEBPE | Q15744 | 1 |
| LHPP | Q9H008 | 1 |
AlphaFold-only cohort genes (top 30 by pLDDT)
| Symbol | UniProt | pLDDT |
|---|---|---|
| SLC24A4 | Q8NFF2 | 70.84 |
| ELK3 | P41970 | 60.79 |
Function
Pathway analysis
Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 174. Enrichment computed across 16 evidence-associated genes (13 with Reactome annotation).
Pathways by enrichment
Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 13 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.
| Pathway | Cohort genes | Fold | FDR | Sample cohort genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PI5P Regulates TP53 Acetylation | 2 | 195.2× | 0.007 | TP53, PIP4K2A |
| Stabilization of p53 | 2 | 117.1× | 0.011 | TP53, CDKN2A |
| SUMOylation of transcription factors | 2 | 87.8× | 0.013 | TP53, CDKN2A |
| Defective SLC24A4 causes hypomineralized amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) | 1 | 878.5× | 0.017 | SLC24A4 |
| Evasion of Oncogene Induced Senescence Due to p14ARF Defects | 1 | 878.5× | 0.017 | CDKN2A |
| Evasion of Oxidative Stress Induced Senescence Due to p14ARF Defects | 1 | 878.5× | 0.017 | CDKN2A |
| Loss of function of TP53 in cancer due to loss of tetramerization ability | 1 | 878.5× | 0.017 | TP53 |
| G1 Phase | 2 | 60.6× | 0.017 | CDKN2A, ABL1 |
| Oncogene Induced Senescence | 2 | 51.7× | 0.017 | TP53, CDKN2A |
| Regulation of TP53 Degradation | 2 | 45.0× | 0.017 | TP53, CDKN2A |
| Transcriptional Regulation by VENTX | 2 | 40.9× | 0.017 | TP53, CDKN2A |
| Factors involved in megakaryocyte development and platelet production | 3 | 15.3× | 0.017 | TP53, GATA3, ABL1 |
| Cyclin D associated events in G1 | 2 | 35.9× | 0.018 | CDKN2A, ABL1 |
| Regulation of TP53 Expression | 1 | 439.2× | 0.022 | TP53 |
| Evasion of Oncogene Induced Senescence Due to Defective p16INK4A binding to CDK4 | 1 | 439.2× | 0.022 | CDKN2A |
| Evasion of Oxidative Stress Induced Senescence Due to Defective p16INK4A binding to CDK4 | 1 | 439.2× | 0.022 | CDKN2A |
| Defective Intrinsic Pathway for Apoptosis Due to p14ARF Loss of Function | 1 | 439.2× | 0.022 | CDKN2A |
| Mitotic G1 phase and G1/S transition | 2 | 28.3× | 0.022 | CDKN2A, ABL1 |
| Pyrophosphate hydrolysis | 1 | 292.8× | 0.022 | LHPP |
| 5-Phosphoribose 1-diphosphate biosynthesis | 1 | 292.8× | 0.022 | PRPS1 |
| Diseases of Cellular Senescence | 1 | 292.8× | 0.022 | CDKN2A |
| Evasion of Oncogene Induced Senescence Due to p16INK4A Defects | 1 | 292.8× | 0.022 | CDKN2A |
| Evasion of Oncogene Induced Senescence Due to Defective p16INK4A binding to CDK4 and CDK6 | 1 | 292.8× | 0.022 | CDKN2A |
| Evasion of Oxidative Stress Induced Senescence Due to p16INK4A Defects | 1 | 292.8× | 0.022 | CDKN2A |
| Evasion of Oxidative Stress Induced Senescence Due to Defective p16INK4A binding to CDK4 and CDK6 | 1 | 292.8× | 0.022 | CDKN2A |
| Diseases of cellular response to stress | 1 | 292.8× | 0.022 | CDKN2A |
| Recruitment and ATM-mediated phosphorylation of repair and signaling proteins at DNA double strand breaks | 2 | 22.5× | 0.022 | TP53, ABL1 |
| Abacavir metabolism | 1 | 219.6× | 0.026 | NT5C2 |
| Transcriptional activation of cell cycle inhibitor p21 | 1 | 219.6× | 0.026 | TP53 |
| Synthesis of PIPs in the nucleus | 1 | 219.6× | 0.026 | PIP4K2A |
GO biological processes by enrichment
Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 15 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.
| GO term | Cohort genes | Fold | FDR | Sample cohort genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| negative regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation | 2 | 449.4× | 0.002 | CDKN2A, GATA3 |
| mitochondrial depolarization | 2 | 321.0× | 0.002 | CDKN2A, ABL1 |
| cellular senescence | 3 | 59.1× | 0.002 | TP53, CDKN2A, ABL1 |
| positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | 7 | 6.9× | 0.003 | TP53, CDKN2A, CEBPE, ELK3, ERG, GATA3, ABL1 |
| post-embryonic development | 3 | 41.1× | 0.004 | ARID5B, GATA3, ABL1 |
| negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription | 5 | 10.5× | 0.005 | IKZF1, TP53, ARID5B, CDKN2A, GATA3 |
| rRNA transcription | 2 | 132.2× | 0.005 | TP53, CDKN2A |
| replicative senescence | 2 | 132.2× | 0.005 | TP53, CDKN2A |
| response to gamma radiation | 2 | 77.5× | 0.014 | TP53, GATA3 |
| type IV hypersensitivity | 1 | 1123.5× | 0.015 | GATA3 |
| obsolete GMP catabolic process to guanine | 1 | 1123.5× | 0.015 | NT5C2 |
| hypoxanthine biosynthetic process | 1 | 1123.5× | 0.015 | PRPS1 |
| negative regulation of helicase activity | 1 | 1123.5× | 0.015 | TP53 |
| cellular response to actinomycin D | 1 | 1123.5× | 0.015 | TP53 |
| regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator | 1 | 1123.5× | 0.015 | TP53 |
| negative regulation of G1 to G0 transition | 1 | 1123.5× | 0.015 | TP53 |
| protein localization to cytoplasmic microtubule plus-end | 1 | 1123.5× | 0.015 | ABL1 |
| obsolete negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development | 1 | 1123.5× | 0.015 | GATA3 |
| regulation of cellular response to X-ray | 1 | 1123.5× | 0.015 | GATA3 |
| obsolete negative regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation | 1 | 1123.5× | 0.015 | GATA3 |
| obsolete negative regulation of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation | 1 | 1123.5× | 0.015 | GATA3 |
| transitional one stage B cell differentiation | 1 | 561.7× | 0.015 | ABL1 |
| pro-T cell differentiation | 1 | 561.7× | 0.015 | GATA3 |
| pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process | 1 | 561.7× | 0.015 | PRPS1 |
| nuclear body organization | 1 | 561.7× | 0.015 | CDKN2A |
| phospholipase C-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | 1 | 561.7× | 0.015 | ABL1 |
| urate biosynthetic process | 1 | 561.7× | 0.015 | PRPS1 |
| positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability | 1 | 561.7× | 0.015 | TP53 |
| parathyroid hormone secretion | 1 | 561.7× | 0.015 | GATA3 |
| cone photoresponse recovery | 1 | 561.7× | 0.015 | SLC24A4 |
Therapeutics
Drugs indicated for this disease
6 approved, 8 in late-stage (phase 3) trials. Disease-direct ChEMBL indications, not inferred from the associated-gene cohort below.
| Drug | Development status |
|---|---|
| Asparaginase Erwinia Chrysanthemi | Approved (phase 4) |
| Crisantaspase | Approved (phase 4) |
| Inotuzumab Ozogamicin | Approved (phase 4) |
| Methotrexate | Approved (phase 4) |
| Obecabtagene Autoleucel | Approved (phase 4) |
| Tisagenlecleucel | Approved (phase 4) |
| Cytarabine | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
| Dexamethasone | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
| Doxorubicin | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
| Etoposide | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
| Filgrastim | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
| Hydrocortisone | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
| Pegaspargase | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
| Prednisone | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
Earlier-phase candidates (phase 2, investigational — efficacy not yet established): Alemtuzumab, Asparaginase, Blinatumomab, Bortezomib, Epratuzumab, Etoposide Phosphate, Rituximab, Venetoclax, Vincristine.
Drug target analysis
Approved (phase 4): 4 · Phase ≥3: 4 · Phased (≥1): 4 · Undrugged: 12
Druggability breadth: 12 of 16 evidence-associated genes (75%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).
Genes with an approved drug
The molecule shown is one approved compound that hits the gene — not necessarily a drug of choice or one indicated for this disease.
| Symbol | Example approved molecule |
|---|---|
| IKZF1 | POMALIDOMIDE |
| TP53 | NITROFURANTOIN |
| ABL1 | PONATINIB |
| PIP4K2A | PALBOCICLIB |
Top cohort targets by molecule count
| Symbol | Molecules | Max phase |
|---|---|---|
| TP53 | 196 | 4 |
| ABL1 | 122 | 4 |
| IKZF1 | 3 | 4 |
| PIP4K2A | 3 | 4 |
| NT5C2 | 0 | 0 |
| PRPS1 | 0 | 0 |
| SLC24A4 | 0 | 0 |
| ARID5B | 0 | 0 |
| CDKN2A | 0 | 0 |
| CEBPE | 0 | 0 |
Drugs targeting cohort genes (top 30)
| Molecule | Max phase | Targets in cohort |
|---|---|---|
| POMALIDOMIDE | 4 | IKZF1 |
| LENALIDOMIDE | 4 | IKZF1 |
| NITROFURANTOIN | 4 | TP53 |
| DIOSMIN | 4 | TP53 |
| VERTEPORFIN | 4 | TP53 |
| CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL | 4 | TP53 |
| DIENESTROL | 4 | TP53 |
| CLOTRIMAZOLE | 4 | TP53 |
| COLCHICINE | 4 | TP53 |
| NABUMETONE | 4 | TP53 |
| SALMETEROL XINAFOATE | 4 | TP53 |
| AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | TP53 |
| FURAZOLIDONE | 4 | TP53 |
| AMOXAPINE | 4 | TP53 |
| RALOXIFENE HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | TP53 |
| NICARDIPINE HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | TP53 |
| SULCONAZOLE NITRATE | 4 | TP53 |
| PYRITHIONE ZINC | 4 | TP53 |
| LACTIC ACID | 4 | TP53 |
| OXYMETHOLONE | 4 | TP53 |
| CHLOROXINE | 4 | TP53 |
| PROPIOLACTONE | 4 | TP53 |
| CLOMIPRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | TP53 |
| PHENYL AMINOSALICYLATE | 4 | TP53 |
| THIORIDAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | TP53 |
| AMITRIPTYLINE HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | TP53 |
| ETHOPROPAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | TP53 |
| MECHLORETHAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | TP53 |
| ECONAZOLE NITRATE | 4 | TP53 |
| TRIFLUPROMAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | TP53 |
Bioactivity and enzyme data
Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 5.
Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)
| Symbol | Assays | Type breakdown |
|---|---|---|
| ABL1 | 3,282 | Binding:3254, ADMET:16, Functional:10, Toxicity:2 |
| TP53 | 869 | Binding:775, ADMET:83, Functional:10, Toxicity:1 |
| PIP4K2A | 136 | Binding:134, Functional:2 |
| IKZF1 | 106 | Binding:105, Functional:1 |
| ERG | 14 | Binding:10, Functional:3, ADMET:1 |
| PRPS1 | 10 | Binding:10 |
| NT5C2 | 7 | Binding:7 |
| CPSF2 | 6 | Binding:6 |
| CDKN2A | 2 | Binding:2 |
| ELK3 | 2 | Binding:2 |
| SLC24A4 | 1 | Functional:1 |
| LHPP | 1 | Binding:1 |
Cohort enzymes (BRENDA EC)
| Symbol | EC numbers | Names |
|---|---|---|
| ABL1 | 2.7.10.2 | non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase |
| NT5C2 | 3.1.3.5 | 5’-nucleotidase |
| PRPS1 | 2.7.6.1 | ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase |
| LHPP | 3.9.1.3 | phosphohistidine phosphatase |
| PIP4K2A | 2.7.1.149 | 1-phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase |
Cohort genes with high screening signal
≥100 ChEMBL assays — a studied-ness signal; see Therapeutics for approved-drug status.
| Symbol | ChEMBL assays |
|---|---|
| IKZF1 | 106 |
| TP53 | 869 |
| ABL1 | 3,282 |
| PIP4K2A | 136 |
Pharmacogenomics
Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 15; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.
No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).
Drug repurposing candidates
30 approved/phased drugs hit cohort targets but don’t yet appear in disease-level clinical trials. Target-inhibition rationale is strongest for cancer driver genes; a bioactivity hit is a screening signal, not a treatment claim.
| Compound | Max phase | Cohort target (bioactivity) |
|---|---|---|
| POMALIDOMIDE | 4 | IKZF1 |
| LENALIDOMIDE | 4 | IKZF1 |
| NITROFURANTOIN | 4 | TP53 |
| DIOSMIN | 4 | TP53 |
| VERTEPORFIN | 4 | TP53 |
| CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL | 4 | TP53 |
| DIENESTROL | 4 | TP53 |
| CLOTRIMAZOLE | 4 | TP53 |
| COLCHICINE | 4 | TP53 |
| NABUMETONE | 4 | TP53 |
| SALMETEROL XINAFOATE | 4 | TP53 |
| AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | TP53 |
| FURAZOLIDONE | 4 | TP53 |
| AMOXAPINE | 4 | TP53 |
| RALOXIFENE HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | TP53 |
| NICARDIPINE HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | TP53 |
| SULCONAZOLE NITRATE | 4 | TP53 |
| PYRITHIONE ZINC | 4 | TP53 |
| LACTIC ACID | 4 | TP53 |
| OXYMETHOLONE | 4 | TP53 |
| CHLOROXINE | 4 | TP53 |
| PROPIOLACTONE | 4 | TP53 |
| CLOMIPRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | TP53 |
| PHENYL AMINOSALICYLATE | 4 | TP53 |
| THIORIDAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | TP53 |
| AMITRIPTYLINE HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | TP53 |
| ETHOPROPAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | TP53 |
| MECHLORETHAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | TP53 |
| ECONAZOLE NITRATE | 4 | TP53 |
| TRIFLUPROMAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | TP53 |
Druggability pyramid
Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):
| Tier | Definition | Genes | Symbols |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | Approved (phase 4 drug) | 4 | IKZF1, TP53, ABL1, PIP4K2A |
| B | Phased (≥1) drug, not yet approved | 0 | |
| C | Druggable family + PDB, no drug | 3 | NT5C2, PRPS1, LHPP |
| D | Druggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug | 0 | |
| E | Difficult family or no structure, no drug | 9 | SLC24A4, ARID5B, CDKN2A, CEBPE, CPSF2, ELK3, ERG, GATA3, LINC00977 |
Undrugged target profiles
12 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).
| Symbol | ChEMBL assays | Drugged partners (top 3) |
|---|---|---|
| ARID5B | 0 | PIP4K2A |
| LHPP | 1 | PIP4K2A |
| NT5C2 | 7 | — |
| PRPS1 | 10 | — |
| SLC24A4 | 1 | — |
| CDKN2A | 2 | — |
| CEBPE | 0 | — |
| CPSF2 | 6 | — |
| ELK3 | 2 | — |
| ERG | 14 | — |
| GATA3 | 0 | — |
| LINC00977 | 0 | — |
Clinical trials & evidence
Clinical trials
Clinical trials: 112.
Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| PHASE1 | 36 |
| PHASE1/PHASE2 | 23 |
| PHASE2 | 23 |
| EARLY_PHASE1 | 15 |
| Not specified | 10 |
| PHASE2/PHASE3 | 3 |
| PHASE3 | 2 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT04094311 | PHASE3 | RECRUITING | Study of Out of Specification for Tisagenlecleucel |
| NCT06764238 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | RECRUITING | Newly-diagnosed Intermediate/High Risk Pediatric B-cell ALL Protocol |
| NCT06882057 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | RECRUITING | Newly-diagnosed Low Risk Pediatric B-cell ALL Protocol |
| NCT07223021 | PHASE3 | RECRUITING | A Study of Fludarabine Dosing in Children and Young Adults With B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia |
| NCT07570173 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | RECRUITING | A Clinical Trial of MK-1045 in People With B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (MK-1045-005) |
| NCT03509961 | PHASE2 | RECRUITING | The EndRAD Trial: Eliminating Total Body Irradiation (TBI) for NGS-MRD Negative Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults With B-ALL |
| NCT03876769 | PHASE2 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Study of Efficacy and Safety of Tisagenlecleucel in HR B-ALL EOC MRD Positive Patients |
| NCT04150497 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Phase 1/2 Study of UCART22 in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory CD22+ B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (BALLI-01) |
| NCT04544592 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | RECRUITING | UCD19 CarT in Treatment of Pediatric B-ALL and B-NHL |
| NCT04746209 | PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Blinatumomab After TCR Alpha Beta/CD19 Depleted HCT |
| NCT05082519 | PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Caloric Restriction and Activity to Reduce Chemoresistance in B-ALL |
| NCT05460533 | PHASE2 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | A Second Infusion (Early Reinfusion) of Tisagenlecleucel in Children and Young Adults With B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia(B-ALL) |
| NCT05470777 | PHASE2 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | CD22/CD19 CAR-T and Auto-HSCT Sandwich Strategy as Consolidation Therapy for B-ALL |
| NCT05480449 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Autologous HuCART19 T Cells Manufactured Using the CliniMACS Prodigy Platform for Pediatric B-ALL (huCART19 Prodigy) |
| NCT05648019 | PHASE2 | RECRUITING | CD19-Directed Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell Therapy for Relapsed/Refractory B-Lineage Leukaemia / Lymphoma - A Feasibility Protocol |
| NCT05667506 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | RECRUITING | A Study of CNCT19 Treatment in Children and Adolescent r/r ALL Patients(Pediatric) |
| NCT05674175 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Co-administration of CART22-65s and huCART19 for B-ALL |
| NCT06081478 | PHASE2 | RECRUITING | CD19/CD22 Bispecific CAR-T Cell Therapy for Relapsed/Refractory B-cell Lymphoma or Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia |
| NCT06137118 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | RECRUITING | AZD0486 as Monotherapy in B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia |
| NCT06179524 | PHASE2 | RECRUITING | CAR-T-19 Injection in the Treatment of CD19-positive Relapsed/Refractory B-ALL |
| NCT06220097 | PHASE2 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Mitoxantrone Hydrochloride Liposome Injection-containing Bridging Regimen and CD19-targeting CAR-T Therapies |
| NCT06393985 | PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Decitabine, Venetoclax and Blinatumomab for Maintenance Following HSCT in Patients With Ph-Negative B-ALL |
| NCT06395103 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Substudy 01A: Zilovertamab Vedotin in Pediatric and Young Adult Participants With Hematologic Malignancies or Solid Tumors (MK-9999-01A/LIGHTBEAM-U01) |
| NCT06533579 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Gene Therapy for CD19-Positive Hematologic Malignancies (SENTRY-CD19) |
| NCT06580301 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Study of YK012 in B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia |
| NCT06608732 | PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Combination of Inaticabtagene Autoleucel With Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Adolescents or Adults With MRD-Positive B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Initial Complete Remission. |
| NCT07109219 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Study of AZD4512 Monotherapy or in Combination With Anticancer Agents in Participants With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia |
| NCT07153796 | PHASE2 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | A Phase 2 Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Subcutaneous Blinatumomab in Combination With Low Intensity Chemotherapy in Older Patients With Newly Diagnosed B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia |
| NCT07313852 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | A Study of Inotuzumab and Blinatumomab in People With B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia |
| NCT07575919 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Targeted CD22/CD19 CAR-T Therapy for Consolidation in Standard-Risk B-ALL |
| NCT07575971 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Exploratory Study of CD22/CD19 Dual-Target CAR-T Cell Therapy as Consolidation Treatment After First Remission in High-Risk B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia |
| NCT00289562 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Forodesine Hydrochloride (BCX-1777) for B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia |
| NCT01207388 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Confirmatory Phase II Study of Blinatumomab (MT103) in Patients With Minimal Residual Disease of B-precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) |
| NCT02167360 | PHASE2 | WITHDRAWN | Study of Efficacy and Safety of CTL019 in Adult ALL Patients |
| NCT02228096 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Study of Efficacy and Safety of CTL019 in Pediatric ALL Patients |
| NCT02435849 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Study of Efficacy and Safety of CTL019 in Pediatric ALL Patients |
| NCT03156101 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | UNKNOWN | A Clinical Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of BinD19 Treatment in R/R ALL and Lymphoma Subjects |
| NCT03289455 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | COMPLETED | CD19 /22 CAR T Cells (AUTO3) for the Treatment of B Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) |
| NCT03467256 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | UNKNOWN | CD19 T-CAR for Treatment of Children and Young Adults With r/r B-ALL |
| NCT03638206 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | UNKNOWN | Autologous CAR-T/TCR-T Cell Immunotherapy for Malignancies |
Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)
| Molecule | Max phase | Trials referencing |
|---|---|---|
| BLINATUMOMAB | 4 | 12 |
| TISAGENLECLEUCEL | 4 | 8 |
| INOTUZUMAB OZOGAMICIN | 4 | 2 |
| ASCIMINIB | 4 | 1 |
| DIPHENHYDRAMINE | 4 | 1 |
| ETOPOSIDE PHOSPHATE | 4 | 1 |
| FORODESINE | 4 | 1 |
| MOSUNETUZUMAB | 4 | 1 |
| SILTUXIMAB | 4 | 1 |
| CIRMTUZUMAB | 3 | 1 |
| INATICABTAGENE AUTOLEUCEL | 2 | 1 |
| SUROVATAMIG | 2 | 1 |
| VEDOTIN | 2 | 1 |
| VIBECOTAMAB | 2 | 1 |
Precision-medicine subtype map (CIViC)
Drug × molecular subtype: 62 predictive associations from 67 curated evidence items; also 33 prognostic, 13 oncogenic, 4 diagnostic.
| Molecular subtype | Therapy | Effect | Level | CIViC |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BCR::ABL1 Fusion | Dasatinib | Sensitivity/Response | CIViC A | EID11235 |
| BCR::ABL1 Fusion | Bosutinib | Sensitivity/Response | CIViC A | EID11287 |
| BCR::ABL1 Fusion | Nilotinib | Sensitivity/Response | CIViC A | EID11288 |
| BCR::ABL1 Fusion AND ABL1 T315I | Ponatinib | Sensitivity/Response | CIViC A | EID11236 |
| IKZF1 Deletion | Methotrexate + Daunorubicin + Cytarabine + Fludarabine + Imatinib | Sensitivity/Response | CIViC B | EID7366 |
| ETV6::NTRK3 Fusion | Larotrectinib | Sensitivity/Response | CIViC C | EID7993 +2 |
| RCSD1::ABL1 Fusion | Dasatinib | Sensitivity/Response | CIViC C | EID9164 +2 |
| ZC3HAV1::ABL2 Fusion | Imatinib | Sensitivity/Response | CIViC C | EID12513 +1 |
| ADAD2-AS1::ABL1 Fusion | Imatinib + Dasatinib | Sensitivity/Response | CIViC C | EID9159 |
| BCR::PDGFRA Fusion | Imatinib | Sensitivity/Response | CIViC C | EID7990 |
| ETV6::ABL1 Fusion | Dasatinib | Sensitivity/Response | CIViC C | EID6969 |
| ETV6::ABL1 Fusion | Imatinib | Sensitivity/Response | CIViC C | EID9171 |
| ETV6::NTRK3 Fusion | Etoposide + Methotrexate + Larotrectinib | Sensitivity/Response | CIViC C | EID8917 |
| FIP1L1::PDGFRA Fusion | Chemotherapy + Imatinib | Sensitivity/Response | CIViC C | EID12566 |
| NUP214::ABL1 Fusion | Imatinib Mesylate | Sensitivity/Response | CIViC C | EID12218 |
| RCSD1::ABL1 Fusion | Imatinib | Sensitivity/Response | CIViC C | EID7783 |
| RCSD1::ABL1 Fusion | Ponatinib | Sensitivity/Response | CIViC C | EID9213 |
| RCSD1::ABL1 Fusion | Dasatinib | Reduced Sensitivity | CIViC C | EID9166 |
| SNX2::ABL1 Fusion | Imatinib | Reduced Sensitivity | CIViC C | EID7254 |
| SNX2::ABL1 Fusion | Dasatinib | Resistance | CIViC C | EID7241 |
| BLK Expression | Ibrutinib | Sensitivity/Response | CIViC D | EID9288 |
| BTK Expression | Ibrutinib | Sensitivity/Response | CIViC D | EID9287 |
| CRLF2 F232C | JAK Inhibitor I | Sensitivity/Response | CIViC D | EID7210 |
| EZH2 A692V | GSK126 | Sensitivity/Response | CIViC D | EID11707 |
| MEF2D::CSF1R Fusion | Panobinostat | Sensitivity/Response | CIViC D | EID9359 |
| NUP214::ABL1 Fusion | Dasatinib + Imatinib | Sensitivity/Response | CIViC D | EID12385 |
| NUP214::ABL1 Fusion | Ponatinib + Dasatinib + Imatinib + Nilotinib | Sensitivity/Response | CIViC D | EID9150 |
| PRPS1 A190T | Mercaptopurine + Lometrexol | Sensitivity/Response | CIViC D | EID7913 |
| PRPS1 L191F | Cytarabine | Sensitivity/Response | CIViC D | EID7911 |
| PRPS1 N144S | Cytarabine | Sensitivity/Response | CIViC D | EID7910 |
+32 more predictive associations (showing top 30 by evidence level).
Related Atlas pages
- Cohort genes: IKZF1, TP53, ABL1, NT5C2, PRPS1, CDKN2A, ERG, GATA3, SLC24A4, ARID5B, CEBPE, CPSF2, LHPP, ELK3, LINC00977, PIP4K2A
- Drugs: Blinatumomab, Tisagenlecleucel, Inotuzumab Ozogamicin, Asciminib, Diphenhydramine, Etoposide Phosphate, Forodesine, Mosunetuzumab, Siltuximab, Cirmtuzumab, Dasatinib, Bosutinib, Nilotinib, Ponatinib, Larotrectinib, Imatinib, Ibrutinib, Panobinostat, Cytarabine