Breast adenocarcinoma
diseaseOn this page
Also known as adenocarcinoma of breastadenocarcinoma of the breastmammary adenocarcinoma
Summary
Breast adenocarcinoma (MONDO:0004988) is a disease (an umbrella term covering 13 Mondo subtypes) with 6 cohort genes and 63 clinical trials. The dominant Reactome pathway is FLT3 Signaling (3 cohort genes). Molecularly, TP53 R175H is associated with resistance to MDM2 Inhibitor AMGMDS3 in Breast Adenocarcinoma (CIViC Level D). Top therapeutic interventions include goserelin, loperamide, and eribulin mesylate.
At a glance
- Umbrella term: 13 Mondo subtypes
- Cohort genes: 6
- ClinVar variants: 11
- Clinical trials: 63
- Precision-medicine evidence (CIViC): 1 subtype–drug association
Clinical features
No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.
Identifiers
Disease identifiers
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Canonical name | breast adenocarcinoma |
| Mondo ID | MONDO:0004988 |
| EFO | EFO:0000304 |
| DOID | DOID:3458 |
| NCIT | C5214 |
| UMLS | C0858252 |
| MedGen | 167809 |
| Anatomy (UBERON) | UBERON:0000310, UBERON:0001911 |
| Is cancer (heuristic) | no |
Also known as: adenocarcinoma of breast · adenocarcinoma of the breast · breast adenocarcinoma · mammary adenocarcinoma
Data availability: 11 ClinVar variants · 197 cell lines.
Disease family
An umbrella term covering 13 Mondo subtypes.
Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › integumentary system disorder › integumentary system cancer › breast adenocarcinoma
Related subtypes (6): bartholin gland carcinoma, skin cancer, nipple carcinoma, atypical lobular breast hyperplasia, breast diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans
Subtypes (13): breast lobular carcinoma, mammary Paget disease, signet ring cell breast carcinoma, breast mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, mucoepidermoid breast carcinoma, adenoid cystic breast carcinoma, sebaceous breast carcinoma, oncocytic breast carcinoma, breast malignant eccrine spiradenoma, breast ductal adenocarcinoma, lobular breast carcinoma in situ, mixed lobular and ductal breast carcinoma, inflammatory breast carcinoma
Genetics & variants
GWAS landscape
No GWAS associations recorded — common-variant (GWAS) studies don’t cover this disease (typical for Mendelian / rare diseases). See the curated gene cohort and Mendelian overlap below.
Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers
ClinVar germline variants
11 retrieved; paginated sample, class counts are floors:
7 pathogenic, 3 pathogenic/likely pathogenic, 1 likely pathogenic
| ClinVar | Variant (HGVS) | Gene | Classification | Review |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13983 | NM_001382430.1(AKT1):c.49G>A (p.Glu17Lys) | AKT1 | Pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 12580 | NM_004985.5(KRAS):c.38G>A (p.Gly13Asp) | KRAS | Pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 13652 | NM_006218.4(PIK3CA):c.3140A>G (p.His1047Arg) | PIK3CA | Pathogenic | reviewed by expert panel |
| 13653 | NM_006218.4(PIK3CA):c.3140A>T (p.His1047Leu) | PIK3CA | Pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 13655 | NM_006218.4(PIK3CA):c.1633G>A (p.Glu545Lys) | PIK3CA | Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 3976 | NC_000008.11:g.52623770_52685461del | RB1CC1 | Pathogenic | no assertion criteria provided |
| 3977 | nsv1067861 | RB1CC1 | Pathogenic | no assertion criteria provided |
| 6976 | NM_002555.6(SLC22A18):c.864_865ins[NC_000011.10:g.2919738_2919848] | SLC22A18 | Pathogenic | no assertion criteria provided |
| 12369 | NM_000546.6(TP53):c.451C>A (p.Pro151Thr) | TP53 | Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 12370 | NM_000546.6(TP53):c.451C>T (p.Pro151Ser) | TP53 | Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 13654 | NM_006218.4(PIK3CA):c.1636C>G (p.Gln546Glu) | PIK3CA | Likely pathogenic | criteria provided, single submitter |
Genes & proteins
Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers
GenCC: 0 · Orphanet: 51 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0
Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)
| Gene | Orphanet ID | Rare disease |
|---|---|---|
| TP53 | Orphanet:1333 | Familial pancreatic carcinoma |
| TP53 | Orphanet:145 | Hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer syndrome |
| TP53 | Orphanet:1501 | Adrenocortical carcinoma |
| TP53 | Orphanet:210159 | Adult hepatocellular carcinoma |
| TP53 | Orphanet:251576 | Gliosarcoma |
| TP53 | Orphanet:251579 | Giant cell glioblastoma |
| TP53 | Orphanet:251899 | Choroid plexus carcinoma |
| TP53 | Orphanet:2807 | Papilloma of choroid plexus |
| TP53 | Orphanet:293199 | Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma |
| TP53 | Orphanet:3318 | Essential thrombocythemia |
| TP53 | Orphanet:524 | Li-Fraumeni syndrome |
| TP53 | Orphanet:52688 | Myelodysplastic syndrome |
| TP53 | Orphanet:585909 | B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2) |
| TP53 | Orphanet:667662 | Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma |
| TP53 | Orphanet:668 | Osteosarcoma |
| TP53 | Orphanet:67038 | B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia |
| TP53 | Orphanet:70573 | Small cell lung cancer |
| TP53 | Orphanet:96253 | Cushing disease |
| TP53 | Orphanet:99756 | Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma |
| TP53 | Orphanet:99757 | Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma |
| SLC67A1 | Orphanet:227535 | Hereditary breast cancer |
| SLC67A1 | Orphanet:99757 | Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma |
| AKT1 | Orphanet:201 | Cowden syndrome |
| AKT1 | Orphanet:2495 | Meningioma |
| AKT1 | Orphanet:744 | Proteus syndrome |
| KRAS | Orphanet:1333 | Familial pancreatic carcinoma |
| KRAS | Orphanet:1340 | Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome |
| KRAS | Orphanet:144 | Lynch syndrome |
| KRAS | Orphanet:146 | Differentiated thyroid carcinoma |
| KRAS | Orphanet:2396 | Encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis |
| KRAS | Orphanet:251615 | Pilomyxoid astrocytoma |
| KRAS | Orphanet:2612 | Linear nevus sebaceus syndrome |
| KRAS | Orphanet:268114 | RAS-associated autoimmune leukoproliferative disease |
| KRAS | Orphanet:3339 | Oculoectodermal syndrome |
| KRAS | Orphanet:648 | Noonan syndrome |
| KRAS | Orphanet:86834 | Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia |
| PIK3CA | Orphanet:140944 | CLOVES syndrome |
| PIK3CA | Orphanet:144 | Lynch syndrome |
| PIK3CA | Orphanet:168984 | CLAPO syndrome |
| PIK3CA | Orphanet:201 | Cowden syndrome |
| PIK3CA | Orphanet:210159 | Adult hepatocellular carcinoma |
| PIK3CA | Orphanet:221061 | Familial cerebral cavernous malformation |
| PIK3CA | Orphanet:2495 | Meningioma |
| PIK3CA | Orphanet:276280 | Hemihyperplasia-multiple lipomatosis syndrome |
| PIK3CA | Orphanet:295239 | Macrodactyly of fingers, unilateral |
| PIK3CA | Orphanet:295243 | Macrodactyly of toes, unilateral |
| PIK3CA | Orphanet:314662 | Segmental progressive overgrowth syndrome with fibroadipose hyperplasia |
| PIK3CA | Orphanet:60040 | Megalencephaly-capillary malformation-polymicrogyria syndrome |
| PIK3CA | Orphanet:714737 | Diffuse capillary malformation with overgrowth |
| PIK3CA | Orphanet:90308 | Capillary-lymphatic-venous malformation with segmental distribution |
Cohort genes → proteins
6 cohort genes, 6 distinct canonical proteins.
Evidence partition
| Subset | Genes |
|---|---|
| multi_evidence | 6 |
Cohort genes (full)
| Symbol | HGNC | Ensembl | UniProt | Name | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TP53 | HGNC:11998 | ENSG00000141510 | P04637 | Cellular tumor antigen p53 | clinvar,civic_evidence |
| SLC67A1 | HGNC:10964 | ENSG00000110628 | Q96BI1 | Solute carrier family 67 member A1 | clinvar |
| RB1CC1 | HGNC:15574 | ENSG00000023287 | Q8TDY2 | RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 | clinvar |
| AKT1 | HGNC:391 | ENSG00000142208 | P31749 | RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase | clinvar |
| KRAS | HGNC:6407 | ENSG00000133703 | P01116 | GTPase KRas | clinvar |
| PIK3CA | HGNC:8975 | ENSG00000121879 | P42336 | Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform | clinvar |
Cohort function summary
Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.
| Symbol | Protein name | Function (lead sentence) |
|---|---|---|
| TP53 | Cellular tumor antigen p53 | Multifunctional transcription factor that induces cell cycle arrest, DNA repair or apoptosis upon binding to its target DNA sequence. |
| SLC67A1 | Solute carrier family 67 member A1 | May act as a transporter of organic cations based on a proton efflux antiport mechanism. |
| RB1CC1 | RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 | Involved in autophagy. |
| AKT1 | RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase | AKT1 is one of 3 closely related serine/threonine-protein kinases (AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3) called the AKT kinase, and which regulate many processes including metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, growth and angiogenesis. |
| KRAS | GTPase KRas | Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity. |
| PIK3CA | Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform | Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol (PI) and its phosphorylated derivatives at position 3 of the inositol ring to produce 3-phosphoinositides. |
Protein-family classification
Druggable: 4 · Difficult: 1 · Unknown: 1 · Druggable fraction: 0.67
Family distribution
Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.
| Family | Genes | Fold | FDR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kinase | 2 | 9.2× | 0.088 |
| Transporter | 1 | 13.0× | 0.187 |
| Enzyme (other) | 1 | 2.0× | 0.674 |
| Transcription factor | 1 | 1.4× | 0.674 |
| Other/Unknown | 1 | 0.3× | 0.993 |
Per-gene assignment
| Symbol | Family | Druggable? | EC | InterPro (top 3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TP53 | Transcription factor | no | p53_tumour_suppressor, p53-like_TF_DNA-bd_sf, p53_tetrameristn | |
| SLC67A1 | Transporter | yes | Tet-R_TetA/multi-R_MdtG-like, MFS, MFS_dom | |
| RB1CC1 | Other/Unknown | no | Atg11_C, ATG11 | |
| AKT1 | Kinase | yes | 2.7.11.1 | Prot_kinase_dom, AGC-kinase_C, PH_domain |
| KRAS | Enzyme (other) | yes | 3.6.5.2 | Small_GTPase, Small_GTP-bd, Small_GTPase_Ras-type |
| PIK3CA | Kinase | yes | 2.7.1.137 | PI3K_Ras-bd_dom, PI3/4_kinase_cat_dom, PI3K_accessory_dom |
Expression context
Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.
6 cohort genes are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.
Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)
| Bucket | Genes |
|---|---|
| narrow (1-5 tissues) | 0 |
| moderate (6-20) | 0 |
| broad (>20) | 6 |
| unknown | 0 |
Top tissues across cohort
| Tissue | Cohort genes |
|---|---|
| ganglionic eminence | 2 |
| tendon of biceps brachii | 1 |
| ventricular zone | 1 |
| duodenum | 1 |
| mucosa of transverse colon | 1 |
| right lobe of liver | 1 |
| bronchial epithelial cell | 1 |
| buccal mucosa cell | 1 |
| caput epididymis | 1 |
| endometrium epithelium | 1 |
| stromal cell of endometrium | 1 |
| nipple | 1 |
| pylorus | 1 |
| trigeminal ganglion | 1 |
| adrenal tissue | 1 |
| calcaneal tendon | 1 |
| tendon | 1 |
Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)
| Symbol | Bgee breadth | FANTOM5 breadth | SCXA | Top tissues |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TP53 | 223 | ubiquitous | marker | ventricular zone, ganglionic eminence, tendon of biceps brachii |
| SLC67A1 | 132 | ubiquitous | marker | mucosa of transverse colon, duodenum, right lobe of liver |
| RB1CC1 | 296 | ubiquitous | marker | buccal mucosa cell, bronchial epithelial cell, caput epididymis |
| AKT1 | 273 | ubiquitous | marker | stromal cell of endometrium, ganglionic eminence, endometrium epithelium |
| KRAS | 298 | ubiquitous | marker | trigeminal ganglion, pylorus, nipple |
| PIK3CA | 284 | ubiquitous | marker | calcaneal tendon, adrenal tissue, tendon |
Protein interactions among cohort
Intra-cohort edges: 4.
Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)
| Symbol | Interactor count |
|---|---|
| TP53 | 22,736 |
| AKT1 | 16,601 |
| KRAS | 14,509 |
| PIK3CA | 5,157 |
| RB1CC1 | 3,031 |
| SLC67A1 | 1,306 |
Intra-cohort edges
| A | B | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| AKT1 | PIK3CA | biogrid_interaction, string_interaction |
| KRAS | PIK3CA | string_interaction |
| KRAS | TP53 | string_interaction |
| RB1CC1 | TP53 | string_interaction |
Structural data
PDB: 5 · AlphaFold-only: 1 · No structure: 0
Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)
| Symbol | UniProt | PDB entries |
|---|---|---|
| KRAS | P01116 | 511 |
| TP53 | P04637 | 313 |
| PIK3CA | P42336 | 135 |
| AKT1 | P31749 | 43 |
| RB1CC1 | Q8TDY2 | 18 |
AlphaFold-only cohort genes (top 30 by pLDDT)
| Symbol | UniProt | pLDDT |
|---|---|---|
| SLC67A1 | Q96BI1 | 86.91 |
Function
Pathway analysis
Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 266. Enrichment computed across 6 evidence-associated genes (6 with Reactome annotation).
Pathways by enrichment
Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 6 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.
| Pathway | Cohort genes | Fold | FDR | Sample cohort genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FLT3 Signaling | 3 | 173.0× | 1e-04 | AKT1, KRAS, PIK3CA |
| Signaling by FGFR4 in disease | 2 | 317.2× | 0.001 | KRAS, PIK3CA |
| Signaling by PDGFRA transmembrane, juxtamembrane and kinase domain mutants | 2 | 292.8× | 0.001 | KRAS, PIK3CA |
| Signaling by PDGFRA extracellular domain mutants | 2 | 292.8× | 0.001 | KRAS, PIK3CA |
| Regulation of TP53 Activity through Association with Co-factors | 2 | 271.9× | 0.001 | TP53, AKT1 |
| Signaling by FLT3 ITD and TKD mutants | 2 | 253.8× | 0.001 | KRAS, PIK3CA |
| Constitutive Signaling by EGFRvIII | 2 | 237.9× | 0.001 | KRAS, PIK3CA |
| Signaling by ERBB2 ECD mutants | 2 | 223.9× | 0.001 | KRAS, PIK3CA |
| Tie2 Signaling | 2 | 200.3× | 0.001 | KRAS, PIK3CA |
| Constitutive Signaling by Ligand-Responsive EGFR Cancer Variants | 2 | 190.3× | 0.001 | KRAS, PIK3CA |
| Signaling by FLT3 fusion proteins | 2 | 190.3× | 0.001 | KRAS, PIK3CA |
| Signaling by phosphorylated juxtamembrane, extracellular and kinase domain KIT mutants | 2 | 173.0× | 0.001 | KRAS, PIK3CA |
| Signaling by FGFR3 in disease | 2 | 165.5× | 0.001 | KRAS, PIK3CA |
| Regulation of TP53 Activity through Acetylation | 2 | 152.3× | 0.001 | TP53, AKT1 |
| Signaling by ERBB2 KD Mutants | 2 | 141.0× | 0.001 | KRAS, PIK3CA |
| CD28 dependent PI3K/Akt signaling | 2 | 131.3× | 0.002 | AKT1, PIK3CA |
| Downstream signal transduction | 2 | 126.9× | 0.002 | KRAS, PIK3CA |
| DAP12 signaling | 2 | 122.8× | 0.002 | KRAS, PIK3CA |
| Signaling by CSF1 (M-CSF) in myeloid cells | 2 | 115.3× | 0.002 | KRAS, PIK3CA |
| Signaling by FGFR1 in disease | 2 | 97.6× | 0.002 | KRAS, PIK3CA |
| Regulation of TP53 Degradation | 2 | 97.6× | 0.002 | TP53, AKT1 |
| Signaling by FGFR2 in disease | 2 | 88.5× | 0.002 | KRAS, PIK3CA |
| Signaling by SCF-KIT | 2 | 82.8× | 0.003 | KRAS, PIK3CA |
| Defective SLC22A18 causes lung cancer (LNCR) and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma 1 (RMSE1) | 1 | 1903.3× | 0.005 | SLC67A1 |
| Loss of function of TP53 in cancer due to loss of tetramerization ability | 1 | 1903.3× | 0.005 | TP53 |
| Extra-nuclear estrogen signaling | 2 | 56.8× | 0.005 | AKT1, PIK3CA |
| High laminar flow shear stress activates signaling by PIEZO1 and PECAM1:CDH5:KDR in endothelial cells | 2 | 53.6× | 0.006 | AKT1, PIK3CA |
| Signaling by ALK fusions and activated point mutants | 2 | 50.1× | 0.006 | TP53, PIK3CA |
| VEGFA-VEGFR2 Pathway | 2 | 46.4× | 0.007 | AKT1, PIK3CA |
| TP53 Regulates Metabolic Genes | 2 | 43.3× | 0.008 | TP53, AKT1 |
GO biological processes by enrichment
Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 6 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.
| GO term | Cohort genes | Fold | FDR | Sample cohort genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| liver development | 3 | 110.9× | 6e-04 | RB1CC1, KRAS, PIK3CA |
| anoikis | 2 | 432.1× | 9e-04 | AKT1, PIK3CA |
| positive regulation of cellular senescence | 2 | 432.1× | 9e-04 | TP53, KRAS |
| negative regulation of macroautophagy | 2 | 374.5× | 9e-04 | AKT1, PIK3CA |
| striated muscle cell differentiation | 2 | 330.4× | 9e-04 | AKT1, KRAS |
| glial cell proliferation | 2 | 295.6× | 1e-03 | TP53, KRAS |
| negative regulation of proteolysis | 2 | 224.7× | 0.001 | TP53, AKT1 |
| insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway | 2 | 165.2× | 0.002 | AKT1, PIK3CA |
| response to muscle inactivity | 1 | 2808.7× | 0.004 | PIK3CA |
| mammalian oogenesis stage | 1 | 2808.7× | 0.004 | AKT1 |
| positive regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity | 1 | 2808.7× | 0.004 | AKT1 |
| negative regulation of helicase activity | 1 | 2808.7× | 0.004 | TP53 |
| response to mineralocorticoid | 1 | 2808.7× | 0.004 | KRAS |
| cellular response to actinomycin D | 1 | 2808.7× | 0.004 | TP53 |
| regulation of tRNA methylation | 1 | 2808.7× | 0.004 | AKT1 |
| regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator | 1 | 2808.7× | 0.004 | TP53 |
| negative regulation of protein maturation | 1 | 2808.7× | 0.004 | AKT1 |
| negative regulation of G1 to G0 transition | 1 | 2808.7× | 0.004 | TP53 |
| response to butyrate | 1 | 2808.7× | 0.004 | PIK3CA |
| positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation | 2 | 110.1× | 0.004 | AKT1, PIK3CA |
| glucose metabolic process | 2 | 85.1× | 0.004 | AKT1, PIK3CA |
| epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway | 2 | 82.6× | 0.004 | AKT1, PIK3CA |
| insulin receptor signaling pathway | 2 | 73.9× | 0.004 | AKT1, PIK3CA |
| phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction | 2 | 70.2× | 0.004 | AKT1, PIK3CA |
| Ras protein signal transduction | 2 | 68.5× | 0.004 | TP53, KRAS |
| positive regulation of gene expression | 3 | 19.4× | 0.004 | TP53, AKT1, KRAS |
| neuron apoptotic process | 2 | 61.7× | 0.005 | TP53, KRAS |
| cellular response to insulin stimulus | 2 | 56.7× | 0.006 | AKT1, PIK3CA |
| ribophagy | 1 | 1404.3× | 0.007 | RB1CC1 |
| positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability | 1 | 1404.3× | 0.007 | TP53 |
Therapeutics
Drug target analysis
Approved (phase 4): 4 · Phase ≥3: 4 · Phased (≥1): 4 · Undrugged: 2
Druggability breadth: 5 of 6 evidence-associated genes (83%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).
Genes with an approved drug
The molecule shown is one approved compound that hits the gene — not necessarily a drug of choice or one indicated for this disease.
| Symbol | Example approved molecule |
|---|---|
| TP53 | NITROFURANTOIN |
| AKT1 | CAPIVASERTIB |
| KRAS | VEMURAFENIB |
| PIK3CA | IDELALISIB |
Top cohort targets by molecule count
| Symbol | Molecules | Max phase |
|---|---|---|
| TP53 | 196 | 4 |
| PIK3CA | 67 | 4 |
| AKT1 | 30 | 4 |
| KRAS | 11 | 4 |
| SLC67A1 | 0 | 0 |
| RB1CC1 | 0 | 0 |
Drugs targeting cohort genes (top 30)
| Molecule | Max phase | Targets in cohort |
|---|---|---|
| NITROFURANTOIN | 4 | TP53 |
| DIOSMIN | 4 | TP53 |
| VERTEPORFIN | 4 | TP53 |
| CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL | 4 | TP53 |
| DIENESTROL | 4 | TP53 |
| CLOTRIMAZOLE | 4 | TP53 |
| COLCHICINE | 4 | TP53 |
| NABUMETONE | 4 | TP53 |
| SALMETEROL XINAFOATE | 4 | TP53 |
| AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | TP53 |
| FURAZOLIDONE | 4 | TP53 |
| AMOXAPINE | 4 | TP53 |
| RALOXIFENE HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | TP53 |
| NICARDIPINE HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | TP53 |
| SULCONAZOLE NITRATE | 4 | TP53 |
| PYRITHIONE ZINC | 4 | TP53 |
| LACTIC ACID | 4 | TP53 |
| OXYMETHOLONE | 4 | TP53 |
| CHLOROXINE | 4 | TP53 |
| PROPIOLACTONE | 4 | TP53 |
| CLOMIPRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | TP53 |
| PHENYL AMINOSALICYLATE | 4 | TP53 |
| THIORIDAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | TP53 |
| AMITRIPTYLINE HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | TP53 |
| ETHOPROPAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | TP53 |
| MECHLORETHAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | TP53 |
| ECONAZOLE NITRATE | 4 | TP53 |
| TRIFLUPROMAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | TP53 |
| PROCHLORPERAZINE EDISYLATE | 4 | TP53 |
| DEQUALINIUM CHLORIDE | 4 | TP53 |
Bioactivity and enzyme data
Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 3.
Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)
| Symbol | Assays | Type breakdown |
|---|---|---|
| PIK3CA | 2,034 | Binding:2009, ADMET:19, Toxicity:4, Functional:2 |
| AKT1 | 1,942 | Binding:1900, Functional:34, ADMET:7, Toxicity:1 |
| TP53 | 869 | Binding:775, ADMET:83, Functional:10, Toxicity:1 |
| KRAS | 861 | Binding:829, Functional:32 |
| SLC67A1 | 1 | Binding:1 |
Cohort enzymes (BRENDA EC)
| Symbol | EC numbers | Names |
|---|---|---|
| AKT1 | 2.7.11.1 | non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase |
| KRAS | 3.6.5.2 | small monomeric GTPase |
| PIK3CA | 2.7.1.137, 2.7.1.153, 2.7.11.1 | phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase |
Cohort genes with high screening signal
≥100 ChEMBL assays — a studied-ness signal; see Therapeutics for approved-drug status.
| Symbol | ChEMBL assays |
|---|---|
| TP53 | 869 |
| AKT1 | 1,942 |
| KRAS | 861 |
| PIK3CA | 2,034 |
Pharmacogenomics
Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 6; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.
No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).
Chemical tractability of cohort targets
30 approved/phased compounds have measured bioactivity against a cohort gene (and aren’t yet in disease-level trials). This is a research / tractability signal, NOT a therapeutic recommendation — a bioactivity row often reflects off-target or screening binding (e.g. promiscuous kinase inhibitors against a cohort kinase), implying no disease mechanism.
| Compound | Max phase | Cohort target (bioactivity) |
|---|---|---|
| NITROFURANTOIN | 4 | TP53 |
| DIOSMIN | 4 | TP53 |
| VERTEPORFIN | 4 | TP53 |
| CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL | 4 | TP53 |
| DIENESTROL | 4 | TP53 |
| CLOTRIMAZOLE | 4 | TP53 |
| COLCHICINE | 4 | TP53 |
| NABUMETONE | 4 | TP53 |
| SALMETEROL XINAFOATE | 4 | TP53 |
| AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | TP53 |
| FURAZOLIDONE | 4 | TP53 |
| AMOXAPINE | 4 | TP53 |
| RALOXIFENE HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | TP53 |
| NICARDIPINE HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | TP53 |
| SULCONAZOLE NITRATE | 4 | TP53 |
| PYRITHIONE ZINC | 4 | TP53 |
| LACTIC ACID | 4 | TP53 |
| OXYMETHOLONE | 4 | TP53 |
| CHLOROXINE | 4 | TP53 |
| PROPIOLACTONE | 4 | TP53 |
| CLOMIPRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | TP53 |
| PHENYL AMINOSALICYLATE | 4 | TP53 |
| THIORIDAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | TP53 |
| AMITRIPTYLINE HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | TP53 |
| ETHOPROPAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | TP53 |
| MECHLORETHAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | TP53 |
| ECONAZOLE NITRATE | 4 | TP53 |
| TRIFLUPROMAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | TP53 |
| PROCHLORPERAZINE EDISYLATE | 4 | TP53 |
| DEQUALINIUM CHLORIDE | 4 | TP53 |
Druggability pyramid
Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):
| Tier | Definition | Genes | Symbols |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | Approved (phase 4 drug) | 4 | TP53, AKT1, KRAS, PIK3CA |
| B | Phased (≥1) drug, not yet approved | 0 | |
| C | Druggable family + PDB, no drug | 0 | |
| D | Druggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug | 1 | SLC67A1 |
| E | Difficult family or no structure, no drug | 1 | RB1CC1 |
Undrugged target profiles
2 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).
| Symbol | ChEMBL assays | Drugged partners (top 3) |
|---|---|---|
| SLC67A1 | 1 | — |
| RB1CC1 | 0 | — |
Clinical trials & evidence
Clinical trials
Clinical trials: 63.
Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| Not specified | 23 |
| PHASE2 | 11 |
| PHASE1 | 11 |
| PHASE3 | 9 |
| PHASE1/PHASE2 | 7 |
| PHASE4 | 1 |
| EARLY_PHASE1 | 1 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT05183828 | PHASE4 | RECRUITING | Effect of HSD3B1 (1245C) Gene Mutation on Treatment of Stage I-III Breast Cancer |
| NCT00310180 | PHASE3 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Hormone Therapy With or Without Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Women Who Have Undergone Surgery for Node-Negative Breast Cancer (The TAILORx Trial) |
| NCT00433511 | PHASE3 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Doxorubicin Hydrochloride, Cyclophosphamide, and Paclitaxel With or Without Bevacizumab in Treating Patients With Lymph Node-Positive or High-Risk, Lymph Node-Negative Breast Cancer |
| NCT02115282 | PHASE3 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Exemestane With or Without Entinostat in Treating Patients With Recurrent Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer That is Locally Advanced or Metastatic |
| NCT02488967 | PHASE3 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Doxorubicin Hydrochloride and Cyclophosphamide Followed by Paclitaxel With or Without Carboplatin in Treating Patients With Triple-Negative Breast Cancer |
| NCT00005970 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Doxorubicin Hydrochloride, Cyclophosphamide, and Pacltaxel With or Without Trastuzumab in Treating Women With HER2-Positive Node-Positive or High-Risk Node-Negative Breast Cancer |
| NCT00869206 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Zoledronic Acid in Treating Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer, Metastatic Prostate Cancer, or Multiple Myeloma With Bone Involvement |
| NCT02037529 | PHASE3 | SUSPENDED | Eribulin Mesylate or Paclitaxel as First- or Second-Line Therapy in Treating Patients With Recurrent Stage IIIC-IV Breast Cancer |
| NCT03199885 | PHASE3 | TERMINATED | Testing the Drug Atezolizumab or Placebo With Usual Therapy in First-Line HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer |
| NCT04300829 | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Cicaderma Efficacy vs Standard Care of Sites in Preventing Radiodermatitis in Non-metastatic Breast Cancer Patients |
| NCT01245712 | PHASE2 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Stage 0-II Breast Cancer |
| NCT01730833 | PHASE2 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Pertuzumab, Trastuzumab, and Paclitaxel Albumin-Stabilized Nanoparticle Formulation in Treating Patients With HER2-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer |
| NCT02957968 | PHASE2 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Neoadjuvant Pembrolizumab + Decitabine Followed by Std Neoadj Chemo for Locally Advanced HER2- Breast Ca |
| NCT05269381 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Personalized Neoantigen Peptide-Based Vaccine in Combination With Pembrolizumab for Treatment of Advanced Solid Tumors |
| NCT05579366 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Rinatabart Sesutecan (Rina-S, PRO1184, GEN1184) for Advanced Solid Tumors (GCT1184-01/ PRO1184-001) |
| NCT06538389 | PHASE2 | RECRUITING | High Cannabidiol Plant Extract (BRC-001) to Improve Aromatase Inhibitor-Induced Arthralgia in Women With Breast Cancer |
| NCT06596018 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Assessing Combined SBRT in Breast Cancer Non-Responders to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy |
| NCT06671262 | PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Neoadjuvant Toripalimab and Radiotherapy Treatment in N+ HR+ Breast Cancer |
| NCT01697293 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | TERMINATED | PTX-200, Paclitaxel, Doxorubicin Hydrochloride, and Cyclophosphamide in Treating Patients With Stage IIB-IV Breast Cancer |
| NCT02067741 | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | CR1447 in Endocrine Responsive-HER2neg and TN-ARpos Breast Cancer |
| NCT02282345 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Talazoparib Before Standard Therapy in Treating Patients With Invasive, BRCA-Mutated Breast Cancer |
| NCT02530489 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Nab-Paclitaxel and Atezolizumab Before Surgery in Treating Patients With Triple Negative Breast Cancer |
| NCT03094052 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Incidence and Severity of Diarrhea in Patients With HER2 Positive Breast Cancer Treated With Trastuzumab and Neratinib |
| NCT03106415 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Pembrolizumab and Binimetinib in Treating Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer |
| NCT03250676 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Trial of H3B-6545, in Women With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Estrogen Receptor-positive, HER2 Negative Breast Cancer |
| NCT03666819 | PHASE2 | WITHDRAWN | Carbon Dioxide Fractional Laser in Treating Participants With Stage 0-III Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer With Vulvovaginal Atrophy |
| NCT04197687 | PHASE2 | UNKNOWN | TPIV100 and Sargramostim for the Treatment of HER2 Positive, Stage II-III Breast Cancer in Patients With Residual Disease After Chemotherapy and Surgery |
| NCT04789668 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | TERMINATED | Bintrafusp Alfa and Pimasertib for the Treatment of Patients With Brain Metastases |
| NCT02453620 | PHASE1 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Entinostat, Nivolumab, and Ipilimumab in Treating Patients With Solid Tumors That Are Metastatic or Cannot Be Removed by Surgery or Locally Advanced or Metastatic HER2-Negative Breast Cancer |
| NCT04150042 | PHASE1 | RECRUITING | SHARON: A Clinical Trial for Metastatic Cancer Using Chemotherapy and Patients’ Own Stem Cells |
| NCT04521764 | PHASE1 | RECRUITING | A Vaccine (MV-s-NAP) for the Treatment of Patients With Invasive Metastatic Breast Cancer |
| NCT06745804 | PHASE1 | RECRUITING | Study of 68Ga-R10602 |
| NCT07020117 | PHASE1 | RECRUITING | A Study of [225Ac]Ac-AKY-1189 in Patients With Solid Tumors |
| NCT02824575 | PHASE1 | TERMINATED | Rebastinib Plus Antitubulin Therapy With Paclitaxel or Eribulin in Metastatic Breast Cancer |
| NCT03432741 | PHASE1 | TERMINATED | Direct Tumor Microinjection and FDG-PET in Testing Drug Sensitivity in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Hodgkin Lymphoma, or Stage IV Breast Cancer |
| NCT04139993 | PHASE1 | TERMINATED | RBX7455 Before Surgery for the Treatment of Operable Breast Cancer |
| NCT04481113 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | Abemaciclib and Niraparib Before Surgery for the Treatment of Hormone Receptor Positive HER2 Negative Breast Cancer |
| NCT04535323 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | Platelet Rich Plasma for the Treatment of Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause in Patients With Stage 0-III Breast Cancer |
| NCT04756505 | PHASE1 | WITHDRAWN | Immunotherapy (NHS-IL12 & Bintrafusp Alfa) and Radiation Therapy for the Treatment of Hormone Receptor Positive, HER2 Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer, the REINA Trial |
| NCT04857697 | EARLY_PHASE1 | COMPLETED | Effects of Probiotics on the Gut Microbiome and Immune System in Operable Stage I-III Breast or Lung Cancer |
Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)
| Molecule | Max phase | Trials referencing |
|---|---|---|
| GOSERELIN | 4 | 3 |
| LOPERAMIDE | 4 | 3 |
| ERIBULIN MESYLATE | 4 | 2 |
| EXEMESTANE | 4 | 2 |
| LETROZOLE | 4 | 2 |
| PERTUZUMAB | 4 | 2 |
| TAMOXIFEN CITRATE | 4 | 2 |
| ANASTROZOLE | 4 | 1 |
| ATEZOLIZUMAB | 4 | 1 |
| ATROPINE | 4 | 1 |
| BELINOSTAT | 4 | 1 |
| BINIMETINIB | 4 | 1 |
| COPANLISIB HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | 1 |
| CROFELEMER | 4 | 1 |
| DIPHENOXYLATE | 4 | 1 |
| NERATINIB | 4 | 1 |
| NIRAPARIB TOSYLATE MONOHYDRATE | 4 | 1 |
| PACLITAXEL | 4 | 1 |
| ROMIDEPSIN | 4 | 1 |
| TALAZOPARIB | 4 | 1 |
| TRASTUZUMAB | 4 | 1 |
| TRASTUZUMAB EMTANSINE | 4 | 1 |
| BINTRAFUSP ALFA | 3 | 2 |
| ENTINOSTAT | 3 | 2 |
| ZENIDOLOL | 2 | 2 |
| AQUACOBALAMIN | 2 | 1 |
| IMMUNOCYTOKINE NHS-IL12 | 2 | 1 |
| PIMASERTIB | 2 | 1 |
| REBASTINIB | 2 | 1 |
| TRICIRIBINE PHOSPHATE | 2 | 1 |
Precision-medicine subtype map (CIViC)
Drug × molecular subtype: 1 predictive associations from 1 curated evidence items.
| Molecular subtype | Therapy | Effect | Level | CIViC |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TP53 R175H | MDM2 Inhibitor AMGMDS3 | Resistance | CIViC D | EID4880 |
Related Atlas pages
- Cohort genes: TP53, SLC67A1, RB1CC1, AKT1, KRAS, PIK3CA
- Drugs: Goserelin, Loperamide, Eribulin, Exemestane, Letrozole, Pertuzumab, Tamoxifen, Anastrozole, Atezolizumab, Atropine, Belinostat, Binimetinib, Copanlisib, Crofelemer, Diphenoxylate, Neratinib, Niraparib Tosylate Monohydrate, Paclitaxel, Romidepsin, Talazoparib, Trastuzumab, Trastuzumab Emtansine, Bintrafusp Alfa, Entinostat