Bronchiolitis

Summary

Bronchiolitis (MONDO:0002465) is a disease (an umbrella term covering 6 Mondo subtypes) with 1 GWAS associations across 7 studies and 235 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include epinephrine, sodium chloride, and montelukast. A subtype of lung disorder — broader associated-gene and molecular evidence is on the parent page (see Disease family below).

At a glance

• Umbrella term: 6 Mondo subtypes
• GWAS associations: 1
• ClinVar variants: 1
• Clinical trials: 235

Clinical features

No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

Field	Value
Canonical name	bronchiolitis
Mondo ID	MONDO:0002465
MeSH	D001988
DOID	DOID:2942
NCIT	C39658
SNOMED CT	4120002
UMLS	C0006271
MedGen	14235
Is cancer (heuristic)	no

Also known as: bronchiolitis · bronchiolitis (disease) · RSV bronchiolitis · viral bronchiolitis · wheezy bronchitis

Data availability: 1 ClinVar variant · 1 GWAS association (7 studies) · 1 HPO phenotype.

Disease family

This is a subtype of lung disorder. Genetic, therapeutic, and trial evidence is largely curated at the broader-term level — see the parent page for the associated-gene cohort and molecular evidence.

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › respiratory system disorder › lower respiratory tract disorder › lung disorder › bronchiolitis

Related subtypes (32): aspiration pneumonia, lung abscess, pneumonic plague, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, pulmonary systemic sclerosis, obstructive lung disease, pulmonary immaturity, rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease, pulmonary embolism and infarction, acute chest syndrome, fungal lung infectious disease, middle lobe syndrome, pulmonary coin lesion, pulmonary plasma cell granuloma, silo filler disease, pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis, pulmonary venoocclusive disease, acute lung injury, interstitial lung disease, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection, respiratory failure, lung neoplasm, occupational lung disease, Wilson-Mikity syndrome, neonatal aspiration syndrome, pneumonitis, vanishing lung syndrome, restrictive pulmonary disease, shrinking lung syndrome, dystrophic pulmonary ossification, pulmonary artery disease

Subtypes (6): bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, acute bronchiolitis, toxic bronchiolitis, respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis, postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans, Mac-Leod-Swyer-James-Syndrome

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

1 GWAS associations across 7 studies. Top hits map to 1 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).

Top associations by p-value

rsID	p-value	Gene	Risk allele	Odds ratio
rs140690816	2e-08	C19orf67	?

Top studies (by case count)

Study	Lead author	Year	Cases	Controls	Title
GCST90478130	Verma A	2024	35,632	361,877	Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.
GCST90478129	Verma A	2024	10,756	95,460	Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.
GCST90481099	Verma A	2024	10,756	95,460	Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.
GCST90651551	Liu TY	2025	7,456	198,125	Diversity and longitudinal records: Genetic architecture of disease associations and polygenic risk in the Taiwanese Han population.
GCST90478128	Verma A	2024	4,141	48,780	Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.
GCST90482076	Verma A	2024	280	6,013	Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.
GCST90436217	Zhou W	2018	194	398,538	Efficiently controlling for case-control imbalance and sample relatedness in large-scale genetic association studies.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

Tier distribution (top 50 variants)

Tier	Variants
Tier 1: coding	0
Tier 2: splice/UTR	0
Tier 3: regulatory	0
Tier 4: intronic/intergenic	1

MAF distribution

Bucket	Variants
common (>=0.05)	1
low_freq (0.01-0.05)	0
rare (<0.01)	0
unknown	0

Functional consequences

Consequence	Count
intron_variant	1

Top variants

rsID	Chr	Pos	Alleles	MAF	Consequence	Gene	p-value	Tier
rs140690816	19	14084110	C>CTG	0.05	intron_variant	C19orf67	2e-08	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic

ClinVar germline variants

1 retrieved; paginated sample, class counts are floors:

1 uncertain significance

ClinVar	Variant (HGVS)	Gene	Classification	Review
267924	46;XY;t(16;20)(q23.1;p11.22)		Uncertain significance	criteria provided, single submitter

Genes & proteins

No associated-gene cohort resolved for this disease. Atlas builds the molecular and therapeutic sections — associated genes, protein families, druggability, pathways, interactions, and drug associations — by aggregating over a disease’s associated genes (resolved via GWAS / GenCC / ClinVar / CIViC), and none resolved here. This is expected for antibody-mediated, autoimmune, or otherwise non-gene-defined conditions; the curated evidence for this disease is its clinical features, GWAS susceptibility, and clinical trials (above).

Function

No pathway enrichment — requires an associated-gene cohort.

Therapeutics

Drugs indicated for this disease

0 approved, 7 in late-stage (phase 3) trials. Disease-direct ChEMBL indications, not inferred from the associated-gene cohort below.

Drug	Development status
Dexamethasone	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Epinephrine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Furosemide	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Nitric Oxide	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Oxygen	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Sodium Chloride	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Zinc Sulfate	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)

Earlier-phase candidates (phase 2, investigational — efficacy not yet established): Albuterol, Betamethasone, Cholecalciferol, Fluticasone Propionate, Magnesium Sulfate Anhydrous, Nitazoxanide, Phenylephrine.

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 235.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

Phase	Trials
Not specified	176
PHASE4	16
PHASE3	16
PHASE2	16
PHASE2/PHASE3	5
PHASE1	3
PHASE1/PHASE2	2
EARLY_PHASE1	1

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT06108648	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Efficacy of Lavender Essential Oil Chest Wraps in Infants With Bronchiolitis
NCT00361452	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Acoustic Assessment of Nebulized Epinephrine Versus Albuterol for RSV Bronchiolitis- a Double Blind Study
NCT00673946	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Impact of Oximetry on Hospitalization in Acute Bronchiolitis
NCT00817466	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Bronchiolitis All-study, SE-Norway
NCT01016249	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Nebulized 5% Hypertonic Saline for the Treatment of Bronchiolitis
NCT01216553	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Home Oxygen Therapy in Bronchiolitis
NCT01276821	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy of Nebulised Hypertonic Saline (3%) Among Children With Bronchiolitis.
NCT01300325	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effectiveness of Nebulized Hypertonic Saline and Epinephrine in Hospitalized Infants With Bronchiolitis
NCT01834820	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Epinephrine, Dexamethasone, and Hypertonic Saline in Bronchiolitis, Randomised Clinical Trial of Efficacy and Safety
NCT02054182	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation in Young South African Children Hospitalized With Acute Lower Respiratory Infection
NCT02233985	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Nebulized 3% Hypertonic Saline Solution Treatment of Bronchiolitis in Infants
NCT02538458	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety of 3% Hypertonic Saline Inhalation (24h vs 72h) to Treat Acute Bronchiolitis in Hospitalized Infants
NCT03015051	PHASE4	TERMINATED	High Flow Nasal Cannula vs Low Flow Oxygen Therapy in Bronchiolitis
NCT03199976	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Efficacy of Intermittent Tiotropium in Early Childhood Wheezing
NCT03364218	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Nebulized N-Acetyl Cysteine for Bronchiolitis in Inpatient Hospital Use
NCT03369119	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect of Addition Oral Montelukast to Standard Treatment in Acute Asthma in Hospitalized Preschool Children
NCT06946264	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Characterization of Bronchodilator Response in Children With Bronchiolitis Using Phenotypic and Genotypic Features
NCT00076973	PHASE3	COMPLETED	An Investigational Drug Study to Treat Respiratory Symptoms Associated With Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Bronchiolitis (0476-272)
NCT00116584	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Heliox-Driven Racemic Epinephrine in Treatment of Bronchiolitis in Pediatric ED Patients
NCT00151905	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	The Use of an Inhaled Salt Solution to Treat Viral Lung Infections in Infants.
NCT00213226	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Single Dose Versus Multiple Doses of Dexamethasone in Children With Acute Bronchiolitis
NCT00355043	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Efficacy of Zinc in the Treatment of Bronchiolitis and Prevention of Wheezing Respiratory Illness in Children Less Than Two Years Old
NCT00368823	PHASE3	COMPLETED	A Trial of Point of Care Information in Ambulatory Pediatrics
NCT00457873	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Isotonic Versus Hypotonic Fluid for Maintenance IV Therapy
NCT00512811	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Furosemide Inhalation in Dyspnea of Mustard Gas Exposed Patients
NCT00515606	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation Using Helium:Oxygen Versus Air:Oxygen in Acute Respiratory Failure in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients Exposed to Sulfur Mustard
NCT00619918	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Nebulized Hypertonic Saline for Bronchiolitis
NCT00642447	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Helium:Oxygen Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation in Patients Exposed to Sulfur Mustard
NCT00677066	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Safety Study of Home Oxygen Therapy for Children With Acute Bronchiolitis
NCT01777347	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Efficacy of 3% Hypertonic Saline in Acute Viral Bronchiolitis
NCT01873144	PHASE3	COMPLETED	High Flow Therapy vs Hypertonic Saline in Bronchiolitis
NCT02162745	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Nasal Irrigation in Infants With Bronchiolitis.
NCT02366715	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Treatment Of Bronchiolitis With Heated Humidified High Flow Nasal Cannula - Prospective And Retrospective Research
NCT02586961	PHASE2/PHASE3	TERMINATED	Nebulized Adrenalin and Oral Betamethasone in Children With Bronchiolitis Attending Pediatric Emergencies.
NCT03053388	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Evaluation of the Efficacy Safety and Tolerability of Nitric Oxide Given Intermittently Via Inhalation to Subjects With Bronchiolitis
NCT03567473	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Bronchiolitis in Infants Placebo Versus Epinephrine and Dexamethasone Study
NCT05795933	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Efficacy of Vitamin D Supplementation for Children With Bronchiolitis
NCT00373802	PHASE2	COMPLETED	The Use of Nasal Phenylephrine in Infants With Bronchiolitis
NCT00394069	PHASE2	COMPLETED	PK Study in 3- to 6- Month-Old Children (0476-268)(COMPLETED)
NCT00394160	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Safety and Pk Study in 1- to 3- Month-Old Children With Bronchiolitis (0476-297)

Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Trials referencing
EPINEPHRINE	4	4
SODIUM CHLORIDE	4	4
MONTELUKAST	4	3
NITRIC OXIDE	4	3
OXYGEN	4	3
TIOTROPIUM	4	3
FUROSEMIDE	4	2
ACETYLCYSTEINE	4	1
ALBUTEROL	4	1
BETAMETHASONE	4	1
CAFFEINE CITRATE	4	1
CALFACTANT	4	1
CHOLECALCIFEROL	4	1
DEXAMETHASONE	4	1
ERGOCALCIFEROL	4	1
FLUTICASONE PROPIONATE	4	1
NITAZOXANIDE	4	1
PHENYLEPHRINE	4	1
XYLOMETAZOLINE	4	1
ZINC SULFATE	4	1
LAVENDER OIL	3	1
SYRUP	3	1
RACEPINEPHRINE	2	3
CHEMBL5430305	0	3
L-ADRENALINE	0	1