Bronchitis

Summary

Bronchitis (MONDO:0003781) is a disease with 6 GWAS associations across 31 studies and 187 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include arformoterol, formoterol, and ipratropium. A subtype of bronchial disorder — broader associated-gene and molecular evidence is on the parent page (see Disease family below).

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 6
• Clinical trials: 187

Clinical features

No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

Field	Value
Canonical name	bronchitis
Mondo ID	MONDO:0003781
EFO	EFO:0009661
MeSH	D001991
DOID	DOID:6132
ICD-11	11753425
NCIT	C2911
SNOMED CT	32398004
UMLS	C0006277
MedGen	2736
Is cancer (heuristic)	no

Also known as: acute bronchitis · bronchial infection · bronchus inflammation · chronic bronchitis · inflammation of bronchus

Data availability: 6 GWAS associations (31 studies).

Disease family

This is a subtype of bronchial disorder. Genetic, therapeutic, and trial evidence is largely curated at the broader-term level — see the parent page for the associated-gene cohort and molecular evidence.

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › respiratory system disorder › lower respiratory tract disorder › bronchial disorder › bronchitis

Related subtypes (5): bronchial neoplasm, bronchiectasis, asthma, non-syndromic bridging bronchus, non-syndromic congenital bronchial atresia

Subtypes (2): chronic bronchitis, croup

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

6 GWAS associations across 31 studies. Top hits map to 1 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).

Top associations by p-value

rsID	p-value	Gene	Risk allele	Odds ratio
chr14:28909958	7e-09		G	4.81
rs118174093	1e-08	TEKTL1 - CASP14	A	0.21
rs181185304	2e-08	PPP2R5E - RPL31P5	C	2.13
rs143383251	7e-08	HOMEZ	?

Top studies (by case count)

Study	Lead author	Year	Cases	Controls	Title
GCST90078261	Backman JD	2021	44,472	375,126	Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants.
GCST90082247	Backman JD	2021	44,472	375,126	Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants.
GCST90478130	Verma A	2024	35,632	361,877	Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.
GCST90078277	Backman JD	2021	24,686	399,001	Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants.
GCST90082263	Backman JD	2021	24,686	399,001	Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants.
GCST90478148	Verma A	2024	19,890	392,589	Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.
GCST90478129	Verma A	2024	10,756	95,460	Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.
GCST90481099	Verma A	2024	10,756	95,460	Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.
GCST90078293	Backman JD	2021	10,430	361,302	Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants.
GCST90082279	Backman JD	2021	10,430	361,302	Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

Tier distribution (top 50 variants)

Tier	Variants
Tier 1: coding	0
Tier 2: splice/UTR	0
Tier 3: regulatory	0
Tier 4: intronic/intergenic	4

MAF distribution

Bucket	Variants
common (>=0.05)	1
low_freq (0.01-0.05)	0
rare (<0.01)	1
unknown	2

Functional consequences

Consequence	Count
unknown	1
intron_variant	1
intergenic_variant	1
non_coding_transcript_exon_variant	1

Top variants

rsID	Chr	Pos	Alleles	MAF	Consequence	Gene	p-value	Tier
chr14:28909958							7e-09	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs118174093	19	15046859	C>A,T	0.05	intron_variant	TEKTL1 - CASP14	1e-08	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs181185304	14	63553266	T>C	0.004	intergenic_variant	PPP2R5E - RPL31P5	2e-08	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs143383251	14	23294234	A>C		non_coding_transcript_exon_variant	HOMEZ	7e-08	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic

Genes & proteins

No associated-gene cohort resolved for this disease. Atlas builds the molecular and therapeutic sections — associated genes, protein families, druggability, pathways, interactions, and drug associations — by aggregating over a disease’s associated genes (resolved via GWAS / GenCC / ClinVar / CIViC), and none resolved here. This is expected for antibody-mediated, autoimmune, or otherwise non-gene-defined conditions; the curated evidence for this disease is its clinical features, GWAS susceptibility, and clinical trials (above).

Function

No pathway enrichment — requires an associated-gene cohort.

Therapeutics

Drugs indicated for this disease

2 approved, 6 in late-stage (phase 3) trials. Disease-direct ChEMBL indications, not inferred from the associated-gene cohort below.

Drug	Development status
Cefixime	Approved (phase 4)
Menthol	Approved (phase 4)
Amoxicillin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Arformoterol	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Azithromycin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Clavulanic Acid	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Colistin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Formoterol	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)

Earlier-phase candidates (phase 2, investigational — efficacy not yet established): Alteplase, Omalizumab, Reslizumab, Sirolimus.

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 187.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

Phase	Trials
Not specified	111
PHASE4	30
PHASE3	24
PHASE2	16
PHASE2/PHASE3	2
PHASE1/PHASE2	2
EARLY_PHASE1	1
PHASE1	1

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT06411925	PHASE4	RECRUITING	The Efficacy and Safety of Atock Dry Syrup With Acute Bronchitis Patients
NCT07030855	PHASE4	ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION	Efficacy of Elixirium Thymi Compositum in the Treatment of Acute Bronchitis in Pediatric Patients
NCT00132938	PHASE4	COMPLETED	PERSPECTIVE: Telithromycin - Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Bronchitis
NCT00132951	PHASE4	TERMINATED	KEYS: Study Comparing Clinical Health Outcomes of Telithromycin Versus Azithromycin in Outpatients With Community-acquired Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
NCT00175565	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Inhaled Steroid Reduces Systemic Inflammation in COPD
NCT00181207	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Airway Clearance for Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Exacerbation
NCT00424528	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy Safety Study of Arformoterol/Tiotropium Combination Versus Either Therapy Alone in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
NCT00441246	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Phase 4 Study - Mucinex D as Adjunct Therapy
NCT00633776	PHASE4	WITHDRAWN	Perforomist Versus Foradil Evaluated by Inspiratory Capacity and High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT)
NCT00656747	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Moxifloxacin Versus Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid in Treatment of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Bronchitis
NCT00680056	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Add-on Effects of Tiotropium Over Formoterol in Exercise Tolerance on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients
NCT00720226	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy of Losartan in Preventing Progression of COPD
NCT01361984	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Sunovion Brovana Versus Serevent Inspiratory Capacity High Resolution Computed Tomography
NCT01363531	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Clinical Trial for the Assessment of Delayed Antibiotic Treatment Strategies
NCT01431625	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Effects of Exercise Training on Systemic Inflammation an Muscle Repair According to the Obstructive Chronic Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Phenotype
NCT01800747	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Clinical Trial for the Assessment of Delayed Antibiotic Treatment in Pediatric (DAP-Pediatrics)
NCT02416102	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Effect of Losartan on Airway Mucociliary Dysfunction in Patients With COPD and Chronic Bronchitis
NCT02937857	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	An Add-on Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Xiyanping Injection in Pediatric Bronchitis Patients.
NCT03073798	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Effectiveness of Roflumilast in Improving Mucociliary Clearance in Patients With COPD and Chronic Bronchitis
NCT03132623	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Andrographolide Sulfonate in Patients With Acute Bronchitis
NCT03251911	PHASE4	WITHDRAWN	VX-770 for the Treatment of Chronic Bronchitis
NCT03738917	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effectiveness of Antitussives, Anticholinergics and Honey Versus Usual Care in Adults With Acute Bronchitis.
NCT04069312	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Roflumilast or Azithromycin to Prevent COPD Exacerbations (RELIANCE)
NCT04252963	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Clinical Trial to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of MUCOLASE Tablet(Streptokinase • Streptodornase)
NCT04834531	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Effect of Zhuli Capsule on Phlegm-heat Syndrome (Tan-re Zheng)
NCT05075057	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Immunogenicity and Safety of an Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine in Patients Aged ≥60 Years With Chronic Bronchitis and COPD
NCT05075083	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Immunogenicity and Safety of an Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine in Elderly People With Chronic Bronchitis and COPD
NCT05104216	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Immunogenicity and Safety of a Third Dose and Immune Persistence of BBIBP-Corv Vaccine in Elderly People With Chronic Bronchitis and COPD
NCT05843669	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study to Explore if Long-term Use of Mucinex Can Help With Symptoms in Patients With Stable Chronic Bronchitis.
NCT06038084	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Acute Bronchitis Symptoms Improvement for Bronpass Tab. Compared to Erdos Capsule
NCT07198347	PHASE3	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Efficacy and Safety of AG2001 in Patients With Acute Bronchitis
NCT00042718	PHASE3	COMPLETED	A Study of the Effectiveness and Safety of High Dose, Short-course Levofloxacin in the Treatment of Acute Bacterial Exacerbation (Worsening) of Chronic Bronchitis.
NCT00064402	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Determine the Safety and Efficacy of (R,R)-Formoterol in the Treatment of Subjects With COPD
NCT00064415	PHASE3	COMPLETED	To Evaluate the Long-term Safety of (R,R)-Formoterol in Subjects With COPD
NCT00250679	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Safety and Efficacy of Arformoterol Tartrate Inhalation Solution in Subjects With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
NCT00254566	PHASE3	COMPLETED	A Trial To Evaluate Two Antibiotics For The Treatment Of Acute Exacerbation Of Chronic Bronchitis (AECB)
NCT00255983	PHASE3	TERMINATED	A Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Faropenem Medoxomil In the Treatment of Chronic Bronchitis
NCT00257140	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	A Study of the Safety and Effectiveness of Levofloxacin Compared With Cefaclor in the Treatment of Adults With Chronic Bronchitis Experiencing Rapid Onset of Worsening of Symptoms Caused by Bacteria
NCT00360464	PHASE3	COMPLETED	A Trial Of Azithromycin SR For The Treatment Of Acute Bronchitis And Secondary Infection Of Chronic Respiratory Diseases
NCT00642447	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Helium:Oxygen Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation in Patients Exposed to Sulfur Mustard

Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Trials referencing
ARFORMOTEROL	4	5
FORMOTEROL	4	5
IPRATROPIUM	4	4
LOSARTAN	4	4
DEXTROMETHORPHAN	4	3
SALMETEROL	4	3
SULFAMETHOXAZOLE	4	3
AZITHROMYCIN	4	2
GUAIFENESIN	4	2
IVACAFTOR	4	2
LEVOFLOXACIN ANHYDROUS	4	2
ROFLUMILAST	4	2
TELITHROMYCIN	4	2
TIOTROPIUM	4	2
TRIMETHOPRIM	4	2
ALBUTEROL	4	1
CLAVULANIC ACID	4	1
COLISTIMETHATE SODIUM	4	1
COLISTIN	4	1
ERDOSTEINE	4	1
MEPOLIZUMAB	4	1
MOXIFLOXACIN	4	1
OFLOXACIN	4	1
SYRUP	3	3
LEVODROPROPIZINE	3	2
AMBROXOL ACEFYLLINATE	3	1
ANDROGRAPHOLIDE	3	1
DROPROPIZINE	3	1
EUCALYPTOL	3	1
FAROPENEM MEDOXOMIL	3	1