Bruton-type agammaglobulinemia

Summary

Bruton-type agammaglobulinemia (MONDO:0010421) is a disease caused by BTK (GenCC Definitive), with 1 cohort gene and 9 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include human immunoglobulin g and melphalan.

At a glance

• Prevalence: 1-9 / 1 000 000 (Worldwide) [Orphanet-validated]
• Causal gene: BTK (GenCC Definitive)
• Cohort genes: 1
• ClinVar variants: 177
• Phenotypes (HPO): 35
• Clinical trials: 9

Clinical features

Epidemiology

Prevalence records

19 prevalence record(s), Orphanet:

Type	Class	Value	Geography	Validation
Point prevalence	1-9 / 1 000 000	0.22	Worldwide	Validated
Point prevalence	1-9 / 1 000 000	0.18	France	Validated
Point prevalence	1-9 / 1 000 000	0.21	Italy	Validated
Point prevalence	<1 / 1 000 000	0.08	United Kingdom	Validated
Point prevalence	<1 / 1 000 000	0.06	Spain	Validated
Point prevalence	<1 / 1 000 000	0.03	Germany	Validated
Point prevalence	<1 / 1 000 000	0.09	Poland	Validated
Point prevalence	1-9 / 1 000 000	0.13	Croatia	Validated
Point prevalence	1-9 / 1 000 000	0.16	Hungary	Validated
Point prevalence	1-9 / 1 000 000	0.25	North Macedonia	Validated
Point prevalence	1-9 / 1 000 000	0.1	Slovenia	Validated
Point prevalence	<1 / 1 000 000	0.09	Serbia	Validated
Point prevalence	<1 / 1 000 000	0.04	Ukraine	Validated
Point prevalence	<1 / 1 000 000	0.06	Belarus	Validated
Point prevalence	<1 / 1 000 000	0.03	Romania	Validated
Point prevalence	<1 / 1 000 000	0.07	United States	Validated
Point prevalence	1-9 / 1 000 000	0.11	Korea, Republic of	Validated
Prevalence at birth	1-9 / 1 000 000	0.26	United States	Validated
Point prevalence	1-9 / 1 000 000	0.1	Europe	Not yet validated

Signs & symptoms

Clinical features (HPO)

35 HPO clinical features (Orphanet curated; top 35 by frequency):

HPO ID	Term	Frequency
HP:0000162	Glossoptosis	Very frequent (80-99%)
HP:0000246	Sinusitis	Very frequent (80-99%)
HP:0000389	Chronic otitis media	Very frequent (80-99%)
HP:0000509	Conjunctivitis	Very frequent (80-99%)
HP:0000988	Skin rash	Very frequent (80-99%)
HP:0001508	Failure to thrive	Very frequent (80-99%)
HP:0001945	Fever	Very frequent (80-99%)
HP:0002028	Chronic diarrhea	Very frequent (80-99%)
HP:0002721	Immunodeficiency	Very frequent (80-99%)
HP:0004322	Short stature	Very frequent (80-99%)
HP:0004432	Agammaglobulinemia	Very frequent (80-99%)
HP:0006532	Recurrent pneumonia	Very frequent (80-99%)
HP:0012378	Fatigue	Very frequent (80-99%)
HP:0100763	Abnormality of the lymphatic system	Very frequent (80-99%)
HP:0100765	Abnormality of the tonsils	Very frequent (80-99%)
HP:0100838	Recurrent cutaneous abscess formation	Very frequent (80-99%)
HP:0200042	Skin ulcer	Very frequent (80-99%)
HP:0000407	Sensorineural hearing impairment	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0001287	Meningitis	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0001369	Arthritis	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0001875	Decreased total neutrophil count	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0002088	Abnormal lung morphology	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0002901	Hypocalcemia	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0100658	Cellulitis	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0100806	Sepsis	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0001053	Hypopigmented skin patches	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0001596	Alopecia	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0001824	Weight loss	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0001873	Thrombocytopenia	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0001903	Anemia	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0002024	Malabsorption	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0002664	Neoplasm	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0002754	Osteomyelitis	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0002960	Autoimmunity	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0012115	Hepatitis	Occasional (5-29%)

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

Field	Value
Canonical name	Bruton-type agammaglobulinemia
Mondo ID	MONDO:0010421
MeSH	C537409
OMIM	300755
Orphanet	47
DOID	DOID:14179
NCIT	C3822
SNOMED CT	65880007
UMLS	C0221026
MedGen	65123
GARD	0001033
MedDRA	10060360
Is cancer (heuristic)	no

Also known as: agammaglobulinemia, Bruton tyrosine kinase · agammaglobulinemia, BTK · agammaglobulinemia, X-linked · agammaglobulinemia, X-linked 1, X-linked recessive · Bruton type agammaglobulinemia · Bruton’s agammaglobulinemia · Bruton’s Sex-linked agammaglobulinemia · Bruton’s X-linked agammaglobulinemia · Bruton-type agammaglobulinemia · BTK-deficiency · X-linked agammaglobulinemia · XLA

Data availability: 177 ClinVar variants · 3 GenCC gene-disease records · 17 cell lines.

Disease family

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › immune system disorder › inborn error of immunity › B cell deficiency › agammaglobulinemia › isolated agammaglobulinemia › Bruton-type agammaglobulinemia

Related subtypes (1): autosomal agammaglobulinemia

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

No GWAS associations recorded — common-variant (GWAS) studies don’t cover this disease (typical for Mendelian / rare diseases). See the curated gene cohort and Mendelian overlap below.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

ClinVar germline variants

177 retrieved; paginated sample, class counts are floors:

88 pathogenic, 33 likely pathogenic, 18 pathogenic/likely pathogenic, 15 uncertain significance, 11 conflicting classifications of pathogenicity, 8 benign, 4 benign/likely benign

ClinVar	Variant (HGVS)	Gene	Classification	Review
1012315	NM_000061.3(BTK):c.1349+1G>A	BTK	Pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
1012881	NM_000061.3(BTK):c.1106T>C (p.Leu369Pro)	BTK	Pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
1075550	NM_000061.3(BTK):c.83G>T (p.Arg28Leu)	BTK	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
11342	NM_000061.3(BTK):c.1574G>A (p.Arg525Gln)	BTK	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
11343	NM_000061.3(BTK):c.1288A>G (p.Lys430Glu)	BTK	Pathogenic	no assertion criteria provided
11344	NM_000061.3(BTK):c.37C>T (p.Arg13Ter)	BTK	Pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
11345	NM_000061.3(BTK):c.43C>T (p.Gln15Ter)	BTK	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
11348	NM_000061.3(BTK):c.83G>A (p.Arg28His)	BTK	Pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
11349	NM_000061.3(BTK):c.2T>C (p.Met1Thr)	BTK	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
11351	NM_000061.3(BTK):c.97A>C (p.Thr33Pro)	BTK	Pathogenic	no assertion criteria provided
11352	NM_000061.3(BTK):c.228_231del (p.Glu76fs)	BTK	Pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter
11353	NM_000061.3(BTK):c.141+3_141+4del	BTK	Pathogenic	no assertion criteria provided
11354	NM_000061.3(BTK):c.310-1G>C	BTK	Pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter
11355	NM_000061.3(BTK):c.310-2A>G	BTK	Pathogenic	no assertion criteria provided
11356	NM_000061.3(BTK):c.338T>A (p.Val113Asp)	BTK	Pathogenic	no assertion criteria provided
11357	NM_000061.3(BTK):c.389del (p.Asn130fs)	BTK	Pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter
11358	NM_000061.3(BTK):c.557dup (p.Pro187fs)	BTK	Pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter
11359	NM_000061.3(BTK):c.588_589insCTACATAG (p.Ile197fs)	BTK	Pathogenic	no assertion criteria provided
11360	NM_000061.3(BTK):c.653del (p.Lys218fs)	BTK	Pathogenic	no assertion criteria provided
11361	NM_000061.3(BTK):c.718G>T (p.Glu240Ter)	BTK	Pathogenic	no assertion criteria provided
11362	NM_000061.3(BTK):c.755G>A (p.Trp252Ter)	BTK	Pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
11363	NM_000061.3(BTK):c.763C>T (p.Arg255Ter)	BTK	Pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
11364	NM_000061.3(BTK):c.839+1G>A	BTK	Pathogenic	no assertion criteria provided
11365	BTK, 1-BP DEL/3-BP INS, CODON 261	BTK	Pathogenic	no assertion criteria provided
11366	NM_000061.3(BTK):c.862C>T (p.Arg288Trp)	BTK	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
11367	NM_000061.3(BTK):c.919A>G (p.Arg307Gly)	BTK	Pathogenic	no assertion criteria provided
11368	NM_000061.3(BTK):c.1001A>C (p.Tyr334Ser)	BTK	Pathogenic	no assertion criteria provided
11369	NM_000061.3(BTK):c.974+1del	BTK	Pathogenic	no assertion criteria provided
11372	NM_000061.3(BTK):c.1116_1131dup (p.Ser378fs)	BTK	Pathogenic	no assertion criteria provided
11373	NM_000061.3(BTK):c.1223T>C (p.Leu408Pro)	BTK	Pathogenic	no assertion criteria provided

Genes & proteins

Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers

GenCC: 7 · Orphanet: 2 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0

GenCC gene–disease validity (cohort genes)

the Disease column is the GenCC-asserted condition — a cohort gene’s strongest validity may be for a related predisposition syndrome.

Gene	Classification	Inheritance	Disease	Records
BTK	Definitive	X-linked	Bruton-type agammaglobulinemia	7

Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)

Gene	Orphanet ID	Rare disease
BTK	Orphanet:47	X-linked agammaglobulinemia
BTK	Orphanet:632	Short stature due to isolated growth hormone deficiency with X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia

Cohort genes → proteins

1 cohort genes, 1 distinct canonical proteins.

Evidence partition

Subset	Genes
multi_evidence	1

Cohort genes (full)

Symbol	HGNC	Ensembl	UniProt	Name	Evidence
BTK	HGNC:1133	ENSG00000010671	Q06187	Tyrosine-protein kinase BTK	gencc,clinvar

Cohort function summary

Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.

Symbol	Protein name	Function (lead sentence)
BTK	Tyrosine-protein kinase BTK	Non-receptor tyrosine kinase indispensable for B lymphocyte development, differentiation and signaling.

Protein-family classification

Druggable: 1 · Difficult: 0 · Unknown: 0 · Druggable fraction: 1.0

Family distribution

Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.

Family	Genes	Fold	FDR
Kinase	1	27.7×	0.036

Per-gene assignment

Symbol	Family	Druggable?	EC	InterPro (top 3)
BTK	Kinase	yes	2.7.10.2	Prot_kinase_dom, SH2, Ser-Thr/Tyr_kinase_cat_dom

Expression context

Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.

1 cohort gene are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.

Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)

Bucket	Genes
narrow (1-5 tissues)	0
moderate (6-20)	0
broad (>20)	1
unknown	0

Top tissues across cohort

Tissue	Cohort genes
leukocyte	1
monocyte	1
mononuclear cell	1

Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)

Symbol	Bgee breadth	FANTOM5 breadth	SCXA	Top tissues
BTK	206	broad	marker	monocyte, mononuclear cell, leukocyte

Protein interactions among cohort

Intra-cohort edges: 0.

Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)

Symbol	Interactor count
BTK	4,467

Structural data

PDB: 1 · AlphaFold-only: 0 · No structure: 0

Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)

Symbol	UniProt	PDB entries
BTK	Q06187	156

Function

Pathway analysis

Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 45. Enrichment computed across 1 evidence-associated genes (1 with Reactome annotation).

Pathways by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 1 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

Pathway	Cohort genes	Fold	FDR	Sample cohort genes
G-protein beta:gamma signalling	1	1903.3×	0.009	BTK
Diseases of Immune System	1	878.5×	0.009	BTK
Diseases associated with the TLR signaling cascade	1	878.5×	0.009	BTK
G beta:gamma signalling through BTK	1	634.4×	0.009	BTK
MyD88 deficiency (TLR2/4)	1	601.0×	0.009	BTK
IRAK4 deficiency (TLR2/4)	1	571.0×	0.009	BTK
DAP12 interactions	1	475.8×	0.009	BTK
DAP12 signaling	1	368.4×	0.009	BTK
FCERI mediated Ca+2 mobilization	1	356.9×	0.009	BTK
Antigen activates B Cell Receptor (BCR) leading to generation of second messengers	1	356.9×	0.009	BTK
Parasite infection	1	346.1×	0.009	BTK
Leishmania phagocytosis	1	346.1×	0.009	BTK
Signaling by the B Cell Receptor (BCR)	1	346.1×	0.009	BTK
Antigen processing-Cross presentation	1	317.2×	0.009	BTK
RHO GTPases Activate WASPs and WAVEs	1	317.2×	0.009	BTK
Fcgamma receptor (FCGR) dependent phagocytosis	1	278.5×	0.010	BTK
Fc epsilon receptor (FCERI) signaling	1	271.9×	0.010	BTK
FCGR3A-mediated phagocytosis	1	187.2×	0.011	BTK
Regulation of actin dynamics for phagocytic cup formation	1	184.2×	0.011	BTK
Toll Like Receptor TLR6:TLR2 Cascade	1	175.7×	0.011	BTK
Toll Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) Cascade	1	173.0×	0.011	BTK
Toll Like Receptor TLR1:TLR2 Cascade	1	167.9×	0.011	BTK
Leishmania infection	1	163.1×	0.011	BTK
Parasitic Infection Pathways	1	163.1×	0.011	BTK
MyD88:MAL(TIRAP) cascade initiated on plasma membrane	1	152.3×	0.012	BTK
G alpha (12/13) signalling events	1	137.6×	0.012	BTK
Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Cascade	1	131.3×	0.012	BTK
ER-Phagosome pathway	1	129.8×	0.012	BTK
Toll-like Receptor Cascades	1	124.1×	0.013	BTK
Potential therapeutics for SARS	1	114.2×	0.013	BTK

GO biological processes by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 1 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

GO term	Cohort genes	Fold	FDR	Sample cohort genes
regulation of B cell cytokine production	1	16852.0×	7e-04	BTK
monocyte proliferation	1	16852.0×	7e-04	BTK
positive regulation of interleukin-17A production	1	16852.0×	7e-04	BTK
positive regulation of type I hypersensitivity	1	8426.0×	7e-04	BTK
B cell affinity maturation	1	8426.0×	7e-04	BTK
regulation of B cell apoptotic process	1	8426.0×	7e-04	BTK
positive regulation of type III hypersensitivity	1	5617.3×	7e-04	BTK
proteoglycan catabolic process	1	5617.3×	7e-04	BTK
positive regulation of synoviocyte proliferation	1	5617.3×	7e-04	BTK
eosinophil homeostasis	1	5617.3×	7e-04	BTK
cellular response to molecule of fungal origin	1	4213.0×	9e-04	BTK
histamine secretion by mast cell	1	3370.4×	0.001	BTK
positive regulation of cGAS/STING signaling pathway	1	2106.5×	0.001	BTK
neutrophil homeostasis	1	1532.0×	0.002	BTK
cellular response to interleukin-7	1	1296.3×	0.002	BTK
positive regulation of B cell differentiation	1	1123.5×	0.002	BTK
MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway	1	936.2×	0.002	BTK
negative regulation of B cell proliferation	1	936.2×	0.002	BTK
negative regulation of interleukin-10 production	1	732.7×	0.003	BTK
Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway	1	732.7×	0.003	BTK
positive regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly	1	581.1×	0.003	BTK
mesoderm development	1	526.6×	0.004	BTK
positive regulation of immunoglobulin production	1	481.5×	0.004	BTK
B cell activation	1	455.5×	0.004	BTK
cell maturation	1	443.5×	0.004	BTK
peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	1	421.3×	0.004	BTK
cellular response to reactive oxygen species	1	411.0×	0.004	BTK
B cell receptor signaling pathway	1	401.2×	0.004	BTK
positive regulation of B cell proliferation	1	343.9×	0.004	BTK
positive regulation of phagocytosis	1	318.0×	0.004	BTK

Therapeutics

Drug target analysis

Approved (phase 4): 1 · Phase ≥3: 1 · Phased (≥1): 1 · Undrugged: 0

Druggability breadth: 1 of 1 evidence-associated genes (100%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).

Genes with an approved drug

The molecule shown is one approved compound that hits the gene — not necessarily a drug of choice or one indicated for this disease.

Symbol	Example approved molecule
BTK	PONATINIB

Top cohort targets by molecule count

Symbol	Molecules	Max phase
BTK	84	4

Drugs targeting cohort genes (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Targets in cohort
PONATINIB	4	BTK
FEDRATINIB	4	BTK
NERATINIB	4	BTK
IBRUTINIB	4	BTK
ENTRECTINIB	4	BTK
CERITINIB	4	BTK
VANDETANIB	4	BTK
BOSUTINIB	4	BTK
OSIMERTINIB	4	BTK
BRIGATINIB	4	BTK
FUTIBATINIB	4	BTK
ACALABRUTINIB	4	BTK
OLMUTINIB	4	BTK
ZANUBRUTINIB	4	BTK
TIRABRUTINIB	4	BTK
RITLECITINIB	4	BTK
PIRTOBRUTINIB	4	BTK
NINTEDANIB	4	BTK
SUNITINIB	4	BTK
DASATINIB	4	BTK
MITOXANTRONE	4	BTK
CRIZOTINIB	4	BTK
SARACATINIB	3	BTK
CANERTINIB	3	BTK
ENTOSPLETINIB	3	BTK
TESEVATINIB	3	BTK
POZIOTINIB	3	BTK
ROCILETINIB	3	BTK
PYROTINIB	3	BTK
RILZABRUTINIB	3	BTK

Bioactivity and enzyme data

Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 1.

Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)

Symbol	Assays	Type breakdown
BTK	1,836	Binding:1810, Functional:23, ADMET:3

Cohort enzymes (BRENDA EC)

Symbol	EC numbers	Names
BTK	2.7.10.2	non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase

Cohort genes with high screening signal

≥100 ChEMBL assays — a studied-ness signal; see Therapeutics for approved-drug status.

Symbol	ChEMBL assays
BTK	1,836

Pharmacogenomics

Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 1; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.

No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).

Chemical tractability of cohort targets

30 approved/phased compounds have measured bioactivity against a cohort gene (and aren’t yet in disease-level trials). This is a research / tractability signal, NOT a therapeutic recommendation — a bioactivity row often reflects off-target or screening binding (e.g. promiscuous kinase inhibitors against a cohort kinase), implying no disease mechanism.

Compound	Max phase	Cohort target (bioactivity)
PONATINIB	4	BTK
FEDRATINIB	4	BTK
NERATINIB	4	BTK
IBRUTINIB	4	BTK
ENTRECTINIB	4	BTK
CERITINIB	4	BTK
VANDETANIB	4	BTK
BOSUTINIB	4	BTK
OSIMERTINIB	4	BTK
BRIGATINIB	4	BTK
FUTIBATINIB	4	BTK
ACALABRUTINIB	4	BTK
OLMUTINIB	4	BTK
ZANUBRUTINIB	4	BTK
TIRABRUTINIB	4	BTK
RITLECITINIB	4	BTK
PIRTOBRUTINIB	4	BTK
NINTEDANIB	4	BTK
SUNITINIB	4	BTK
DASATINIB	4	BTK
MITOXANTRONE	4	BTK
CRIZOTINIB	4	BTK
SARACATINIB	3	BTK
CANERTINIB	3	BTK
ENTOSPLETINIB	3	BTK
TESEVATINIB	3	BTK
POZIOTINIB	3	BTK
ROCILETINIB	3	BTK
PYROTINIB	3	BTK
RILZABRUTINIB	3	BTK

Druggability pyramid

Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):

Tier	Definition	Genes	Symbols
A	Approved (phase 4 drug)	1	BTK
B	Phased (≥1) drug, not yet approved	0
C	Druggable family + PDB, no drug	0
D	Druggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug	0
E	Difficult family or no structure, no drug	0

Undrugged target profiles

0 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 9.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

Phase	Trials
Not specified	6
PHASE4	1
PHASE3	1
PHASE2	1

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT01289847	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study to Find Out How Safe and Effective Gammaplex® is in Young People With Primary Immunodeficiency
NCT00542997	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Study of Subcutaneous Immune Globulin in Patients Requiring IgG Replacement Therapy
NCT01821781	PHASE2	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Immune Disorder HSCT Protocol
NCT00001244	Not specified	RECRUITING	Immune Regulation in Patients With Common Variable Immunodeficiency and Related Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI)
NCT05321407	Not specified	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	COVID-19 Vaccine Responses in PIDD Subjects
NCT00004341	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Study of Genetic and Molecular Defects in Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders
NCT00006054	Not specified	TERMINATED	Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation in Patients With Primary Immunodeficiencies
NCT02234791	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Mutation of the BTK Gene and Genotype-phenotype Correlation of Chinese Patients With X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia
NCT02960399	Not specified	TERMINATED	Assessment of Immunogenicity of Zostavax® in Patients With Antibody Deficiency 60 Years of Age and Older

Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Trials referencing
HUMAN IMMUNOGLOBULIN G	4	1
MELPHALAN	4	1