Candidiasis
diseaseOn this page
Also known as Candida <Debaryomycetaceae> infectionCandida infectionCandidosisdisseminated candidiasisinfections, Candida <Debaryomycetaceae>systemic candidiasisthrush
Summary
Candidiasis (MONDO:0002026) is a disease (an umbrella term covering 9 Mondo subtypes) with 7 GWAS associations across 23 studies and 88 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include fluconazole, micafungin, and anidulafungin. A subtype of opportunistic mycosis — broader associated-gene and molecular evidence is on the parent page (see Disease family below).
At a glance
- Umbrella term: 9 Mondo subtypes
- GWAS associations: 7
- Clinical trials: 88
Clinical features
No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.
Identifiers
Disease identifiers
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Canonical name | candidiasis |
| Mondo ID | MONDO:0002026 |
| MeSH | D002177 |
| DOID | DOID:1508 |
| ICD-10-CM | B37 |
| NCIT | C26711 |
| SNOMED CT | 78048006 |
| UMLS | C0006840 |
| MedGen | 14299 |
| Is cancer (heuristic) | no |
Also known as: Candida
Data availability: 7 GWAS associations (23 studies).
Disease family
This is a subtype of opportunistic mycosis. Genetic, therapeutic, and trial evidence is largely curated at the broader-term level — see the parent page for the associated-gene cohort and molecular evidence.
Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by etiologic mechanism › disease of primarily extrinsic mechanism › infectious disease › fungal infectious disease › opportunistic mycosis › candidiasis
Related subtypes (11): phaeohyphomycosis, maple bark strippers’ lung, aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, geotrichosis, microsporidiosis, fusariosis, pneumocystosis, Zygomycosis, opportunistic systemic mycosis, hyalohyphomycosis
Subtypes (9): cutaneous candidiasis, esophageal candidiasis, candidal paronychia, neonatal candidiasis, oral candidiasis, candida glabrata infection, congenital candidiasis, disseminated candidiasis, candidiasis, invasive
Genetics & variants
GWAS landscape
7 GWAS associations across 23 studies. Top hits map to 1 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).
Top associations by p-value
| rsID | p-value | Gene | Risk allele | Odds ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr22:38367397 | 3e-10 | G | 1.29 | |
| chr11:65388880 | 1e-09 | A | 3.14 | |
| chr6:32706948 | 6e-09 | G | 0.12 | |
| rs10422015 | 3e-08 | WDR88 | T | 1.31 |
| chr6:13849513 | 3e-08 | A | 2.29 | |
| chr4:555796 | 4e-08 | C | 2.4 | |
| rs9527992 | 4e-07 | RPP40P2 - RNU7-88P | ? |
Top studies (by case count)
| Study | Lead author | Year | Cases | Controls | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GCST90473085 | UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium | 2025 | 12,410 | 446,030 | Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90667802 | UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium | 2025 | 12,410 | 446,030 | Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90079560 | Backman JD | 2021 | 8,778 | 363,381 | Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90083546 | Backman JD | 2021 | 8,778 | 363,381 | Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90477158 | Verma A | 2024 | 8,405 | 425,567 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90270870 | Butler-Laporte G | 2023 | 7,286 | 690,977 | Increasing serum iron levels and their role in the risk of infectious diseases: a Mendelian randomization approach. |
| GCST90477157 | Verma A | 2024 | 3,468 | 112,710 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90480961 | Verma A | 2024 | 3,468 | 112,710 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90225546 | Jiang L | 2022 | 2,202 | 11,010 | Genome-wide association analyses of common infections in a large practice-based biobank. |
| GCST90435560 | Zhou W | 2018 | 2,134 | 406,301 | Efficiently controlling for case-control imbalance and sample relatedness in large-scale genetic association studies. |
Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers
Tier distribution (top 50 variants)
| Tier | Variants |
|---|---|
| Tier 1: coding | 0 |
| Tier 2: splice/UTR | 0 |
| Tier 3: regulatory | 0 |
| Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | 7 |
MAF distribution
| Bucket | Variants |
|---|---|
| common (>=0.05) | 2 |
| low_freq (0.01-0.05) | 0 |
| rare (<0.01) | 0 |
| unknown | 5 |
Functional consequences
| Consequence | Count |
|---|---|
| unknown | 5 |
| intron_variant | 2 |
Top variants
| rsID | Chr | Pos | Alleles | MAF | Consequence | Gene | p-value | Tier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr22:38367397 | 3e-10 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr11:65388880 | 1e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr6:32706948 | 6e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| rs10422015 | 19 | 33159089 | G>C,T | 0.15 | intron_variant | WDR88 | 3e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| chr6:13849513 | 3e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr4:555796 | 4e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| rs9527992 | 13 | 59471457 | T>C,G | 0.05 | intron_variant | RPP40P2 - RNU7-88P | 4e-07 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
Genes & proteins
No associated-gene cohort resolved for this disease. Atlas builds the molecular and therapeutic sections — associated genes, protein families, druggability, pathways, interactions, and drug associations — by aggregating over a disease’s associated genes (resolved via GWAS / GenCC / ClinVar / CIViC), and none resolved here. This is expected for antibody-mediated, autoimmune, or otherwise non-gene-defined conditions; the curated evidence for this disease is its clinical features, GWAS susceptibility, and clinical trials (above).
Function
No pathway enrichment — requires an associated-gene cohort.
Therapeutics
Drugs indicated for this disease
11 approved, 4 in late-stage (phase 3) trials. Disease-direct ChEMBL indications, not inferred from the associated-gene cohort below.
| Drug | Development status |
|---|---|
| Amphotericin B | Approved (phase 4) |
| Anidulafungin | Approved (phase 4) |
| Ciclopirox | Approved (phase 4) |
| Clotrimazole | Approved (phase 4) |
| Fluconazole | Approved (phase 4) |
| Flucytosine | Approved (phase 4) |
| Griseofulvin | Approved (phase 4) |
| Itraconazole | Approved (phase 4) |
| Nystatin | Approved (phase 4) |
| Posaconazole | Approved (phase 4) |
| Voriconazole | Approved (phase 4) |
| Caspofungin | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
| Metronidazole | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
| Micafungin | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
| Tinidazole | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
Earlier-phase candidates (phase 2, investigational — efficacy not yet established): Prednicarbate.
Clinical trials & evidence
Clinical trials
Clinical trials: 88.
Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| Not specified | 39 |
| PHASE3 | 18 |
| PHASE4 | 10 |
| PHASE2 | 10 |
| PHASE1 | 9 |
| PHASE2/PHASE3 | 1 |
| EARLY_PHASE1 | 1 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT00001107 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Comparison of Two Treatments to Prevent Invasive Fungal Infections in Patients Who Have Received Liver Transplants |
| NCT00001542 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Fluconazole Prophylaxis of Thrush in AIDS |
| NCT00304772 | PHASE4 | WITHDRAWN | Fluconazole Versus Micafungin for Candida Bloodstream Infection in Non-Neutropenic Patients |
| NCT00496197 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Study Will Evaluate The Safety And Efficacy Of Anidulafungin In Patients With Candidemia Or Invasive Candidiasis |
| NCT00647907 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | A Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Voriconazole for the Treatment of Fungal Infections |
| NCT01495039 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Antifungal Prophylaxis in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Patients |
| NCT01982071 | PHASE4 | TERMINATED | A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Micafungin Against Invasive Candidiasis or Candidemia |
| NCT02646800 | PHASE4 | TERMINATED | Post Marketing Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Micafungin Against Fungal Infections Caused by Candida Spp or Aspergillus Spp |
| NCT02860845 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Use of Boric Acid in Combination With Probiotics for the Treatment of Vaginal Infections |
| NCT04122560 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Fluconazole Pharmacokinetics, Including Bioavailability, in Obese Subjects After an Intravenous and Oral Administration |
| NCT00000676 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Randomized Comparative Study of Fluconazole Versus Clotrimazole Troches in the Prevention of Serious Fungal Infection in Patients With AIDS or Advanced AIDS-Related Complex. (A Nested Study of ACTG 081) |
| NCT00001810 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | An Open Label, Non-Comparative, Multicenter, Phase III Trial of the Efficacy, Safety and Toleration of Voriconazole in the Primary or Secondary Treatment of Invasive Fungal Infections |
| NCT00001937 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Comparing the Effectiveness of Fluconazole and a New Medicine (FK463) in Preventing Fungal Infections in Bone Marrow Transplant Patients |
| NCT00056368 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | The Safety and Efficacy of Anidulafungin Versus Comparator in Patients With Candidemia and Invasive Candidiasis |
| NCT00058682 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Anidulafungin Versus Fluconazole in the Treatment of Candidemia |
| NCT00095316 | PHASE3 | TERMINATED | Caspofungin Study for Fungal Infections in Adults in Critical Care Settings |
| NCT00099775 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Caspofungin to Prevent Candidiasis in Adults in Hospital Intensive Care Units |
| NCT00105144 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Study of Micafungin in Patients With Invasive Candidiasis or Candidemia |
| NCT00106288 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Micafungin Versus AmBisome in Invasive Candidiasis and Candidemia |
| NCT00163111 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | A Clinical Study Intended To Compare Treatment With Voriconazole To Treatment With Amphotericin Followed By Fluconazole In Patients With Candidemia, A Serious Fungus Infection Of The Blood. |
| NCT00313131 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Study of the Management of Vaginal Discharge in West African Using Single Dose Treatments |
| NCT00734539 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Fluconazole Prophylaxis for the Prevention of Candidiasis in Infants Less Than 750 Grams Birthweight |
| NCT00784368 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | A Pharmacokinetic Study of JK1211(Itraconazole [Itrizole]) Oral Solution in Participants With Deep Mycosis and Those With Febrile Neutropenia Suspected of Fungal Infection |
| NCT00805740 | PHASE3 | TERMINATED | An Evaluation Of The Effectiveness And Safety Of Anidulafungin Compared To Caspofungin For The Treatment Of Deep Tissue Infection Due To Candida |
| NCT00806351 | PHASE3 | TERMINATED | An Evaluation Of The Effectiveness And Safety Of Anidulafungin Compared To Caspofungin For The Treatment Of Serious Fungal Infection Due To Candida In Patients With A Dysfunctional Immune System |
| NCT00815516 | PHASE3 | TERMINATED | Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Micafungin Versus Conventional Amphotericin B for the Treatment of Neonatal Candidiasis |
| NCT00889356 | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Evaluate Efficacy, Tolerability & Safety of Combination of Clindamycin and Ketoconazole for the Treatment of Mixed-Type Vaginosis, Bacterial Vaginosis and Candidiasis |
| NCT01092832 | PHASE3 | TERMINATED | A Study Of The Safety, Tolerability And Effective Of Voriconazole For The Treatment Of Serious Candida Infection And Candida Infection Of The Throat In Pediatric Patients |
| NCT02145832 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Fluconazole Versus Micafungin in Neonates With Candidiasis |
| NCT00036179 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Study of FK463 in the Treatment of Candidemia or Invasive Candidiasis |
| NCT00037219 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | The Safety and Effectiveness of Intravenous Anidulafungin as a Treatment for Patients With Invasive Candidiasis. |
| NCT00041704 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | The Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Anidulafungin as a Treatment for Azole-Refractory Mucosal Candidiasis (FRMC) |
| NCT00082524 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Documented Candida or Aspergillus Infections in Pediatric Patients (0991-043) |
| NCT00083343 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Caspofungin for the Treatment of Non-blood Candida Infections (0991-045) |
| NCT00330395 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Open, Pharmacokinetic Study of Caspofungin in Neonates and Infants (0991-058) |
| NCT00739934 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Study Of The Pharmacokinetics And Safety Of Voriconazole In Children 2 To 11 Years Old Who Are At High Risk For Systemic Fungal Infection |
| NCT01102387 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Efficacy and Safety of LAS41003 in the Treatment of Intertriginous Candida Infections |
| NCT01230814 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Topical Metronidazole and Miconazole Co-formulated Vaginal Suppositories for Preventing Vaginal Infections in HIV-seronegative Women |
| NCT04148287 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | An Open-label Study of APX001 for Treatment of Patients With Candidemia/Invasive Candidiasis Caused by Candida Auris |
| NCT00000788 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | A Study to Assess the Effect of Concomitant Administration of Fluconazole on the Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Methadone |
Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)
| Molecule | Max phase | Trials referencing |
|---|---|---|
| FLUCONAZOLE | 4 | 16 |
| MICAFUNGIN | 4 | 9 |
| ANIDULAFUNGIN | 4 | 8 |
| CASPOFUNGIN | 4 | 8 |
| VORICONAZOLE | 4 | 6 |
| AMPHOTERICIN B | 4 | 2 |
| CLOTRIMAZOLE | 4 | 2 |
| NYSTATIN | 4 | 2 |
| FLUOCINOLONE ACETONIDE | 4 | 1 |
| IBREXAFUNGERP | 4 | 1 |
| ITRACONAZOLE | 4 | 1 |
| METHADONE HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | 1 |
| POSACONAZOLE | 4 | 1 |
| PREDNICARBATE | 4 | 1 |
| TINIDAZOLE | 4 | 1 |
| BORIC ACID | 3 | 1 |
| ESMETHADONE | 3 | 1 |
| FOSMANOGEPIX | 3 | 1 |
| OCTENIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE | 2 | 1 |
| FLUOCINOLONE | 1 | 1 |
| CHEMBL3760049 | 0 | 7 |
| CHEMBL4750941 | 0 | 6 |
| CHEMBL499808 | 0 | 6 |
| CHEMBL450895 | 0 | 2 |
| CHEMBL6067678 | 0 | 1 |
| CHEMBL4764856 | 0 | 1 |
| 17 | 0 | 1 |
| YEAST, DRIED | -1 | 1 |