Capillary infantile hemangioma

disease
On this page

Also known as HCIhemangioma, capillary infantilehemangioma, capillary infantile, somatichemangioma, hereditary capillaryhereditary capillary infantile hemangioma

Summary

Capillary infantile hemangioma (MONDO:0011191) is a disease caused by FLT4 (GenCC Strong), with 6 cohort genes and 1 clinical trial.

At a glance

  • Causal gene: FLT4 (GenCC Strong)
  • Cohort genes: 6
  • ClinVar variants: 30
  • Clinical trials: 1

Clinical features

No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

FieldValue
Canonical namecapillary infantile hemangioma
Mondo IDMONDO:0011191
MeSHC535860
OMIM602089
Orphanet464293, 91415
NCITC6645
UMLSC1865871
MedGen355573
Is cancer (heuristic)no

Also known as: HCI · hemangioma, capillary infantile · hemangioma, capillary infantile, somatic · hemangioma, hereditary capillary · hereditary capillary infantile hemangioma

Data availability: 30 ClinVar variants · 2 GenCC gene-disease records.

Disease family

Classification path: human disease › disease by etiologic mechanism › cancer or benign tumorneoplastic disease or syndromeneoplasmbenign neoplasmcardiovascular organ benign neoplasm › benign blood vessel neoplasm › hemangiomacapillary hemangiomacapillary infantile hemangioma

Related subtypes (5): cherry hemangioma, breast capillary hemangioma, hemangioblastoma, eyelid capillary hemangioma, pyogenic granuloma

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

No GWAS associations recorded — common-variant (GWAS) studies don’t cover this disease (typical for Mendelian / rare diseases). See the curated gene cohort and Mendelian overlap below.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

ClinVar germline variants

30 retrieved; paginated sample, class counts are floors:

19 uncertain significance, 3 benign, 2 pathogenic, 2 likely benign, 1 benign/likely benign, 1 risk factor, 1 conflicting classifications of pathogenicity, 1 likely pathogenic

ClinVarVariant (HGVS)GeneClassificationReview
1691335NM_002890.3(RASA1):c.1657dup (p.Tyr553fs)CCNHPathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
12317NM_002253.4(KDR):c.3439C>T (p.Pro1147Ser)KDRPathogenicno assertion criteria provided
932061NM_182925.5(FLT4):c.3410C>T (p.Pro1137Leu)FLT4Likely pathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
4390NM_032208.3(ANTXR1):c.976G>A (p.Ala326Thr)ANTXR1risk factorno assertion criteria provided
445474NM_032208.3(ANTXR1):c.1553C>T (p.Ala518Val)ANTXR1Conflicting classifications of pathogenicitycriteria provided, conflicting classifications
1691351NM_001291303.3(FAT4):c.9273C>A (p.Phe3091Leu)FAT4Uncertain significancecriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
1691352NM_001291303.3(FAT4):c.13985C>G (p.Ala4662Gly)FAT4Uncertain significancecriteria provided, single submitter
2501818NM_182925.5(FLT4):c.3179G>A (p.Arg1060Gln)FLT4Uncertain significancecriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
3279267NM_182925.5(FLT4):c.3778A>C (p.Met1260Leu)FLT4Uncertain significancecriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
3592190NM_182925.5(FLT4):c.3712G>A (p.Gly1238Arg)FLT4Uncertain significancecriteria provided, single submitter
3592191NM_182925.5(FLT4):c.1109A>G (p.Lys370Arg)FLT4Uncertain significancecriteria provided, single submitter
3892328NM_182925.5(FLT4):c.200C>T (p.Ala67Val)FLT4Uncertain significancecriteria provided, single submitter
1710210NM_002253.4(KDR):c.3006G>C (p.Leu1002Phe)KDRUncertain significancecriteria provided, single submitter
2348108NM_002253.4(KDR):c.2270C>G (p.Ala757Gly)KDRUncertain significancecriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
2672213NM_002253.4(KDR):c.1136C>T (p.Ala379Val)KDRUncertain significancecriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
2672215NM_002253.4(KDR):c.3663T>C (p.Ser1221=)KDRUncertain significancecriteria provided, single submitter
3113923NM_002253.4(KDR):c.1247T>C (p.Val416Ala)KDRUncertain significancecriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
3237450NM_002253.4(KDR):c.1616G>A (p.Gly539Glu)KDRUncertain significancecriteria provided, single submitter
3891470NM_002253.4(KDR):c.1259C>T (p.Pro420Leu)KDRUncertain significancecriteria provided, single submitter
3891471NM_002253.4(KDR):c.1567A>C (p.Asn523His)KDRUncertain significancecriteria provided, single submitter
3891472NM_002253.4(KDR):c.2381G>A (p.Gly794Glu)KDRUncertain significancecriteria provided, single submitter
3891473NM_002253.4(KDR):c.3193G>A (p.Ala1065Thr)KDRUncertain significancecriteria provided, single submitter
3891475NM_002253.4(KDR):c.953A>T (p.Asn318Ile)KDRUncertain significancecriteria provided, single submitter
545478NM_002473.6(MYH9):c.5308C>T (p.Arg1770Cys)MYH9Uncertain significancecriteria provided, single submitter
262019NM_032208.3(ANTXR1):c.1185+16C>AANTXR1Benigncriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
16264NM_182925.5(FLT4):c.2860C>T (p.Pro954Ser)FLT4Benign/Likely benigncriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
12318NM_002253.4(KDR):c.1444T>C (p.Cys482Arg)KDRLikely benigncriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
134619NM_002253.4(KDR):c.1116G>C (p.Glu372Asp)KDRBenigncriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
518355NM_002253.4(KDR):c.3848+15T>CKDRBenigncriteria provided, single submitter
623416NM_002253.4(KDR):c.2312C>T (p.Thr771Met)KDRLikely benigncriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Genes & proteins

Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers

GenCC: 26 · Orphanet: 9 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0

GenCC gene–disease validity (cohort genes)

the Disease column is the GenCC-asserted condition — a cohort gene’s strongest validity may be for a related predisposition syndrome.

GeneClassificationInheritanceDiseaseRecords
FLT4StrongAutosomal dominantcapillary infantile hemangioma10
ANTXR1LimitedAutosomal dominantcapillary infantile hemangioma16

Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)

GeneOrphanet IDRare disease
ANTXR1Orphanet:2067GAPO syndrome
FLT4Orphanet:3303Tetralogy of Fallot
FLT4Orphanet:79452Milroy disease
FAT4Orphanet:2136Hennekam syndrome
FAT4Orphanet:314679Cerebrofacioarticular syndrome
KDROrphanet:3303Tetralogy of Fallot
MYH9Orphanet:182050MYH9-related syndromic thrombocytopenia
MYH9Orphanet:477742Nodular fasciitis
MYH9Orphanet:90635Rare autosomal dominant non-syndromic sensorineural deafness type DFNA

Cohort genes → proteins

6 cohort genes, 6 distinct canonical proteins.

Evidence partition

SubsetGenes
multi_evidence6

Cohort genes (full)

SymbolHGNCEnsemblUniProtNameEvidence
ANTXR1HGNC:21014ENSG00000169604Q9H6X2Anthrax toxin receptor 1gencc,clinvar
FLT4HGNC:3767ENSG00000037280P35916Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3gencc,clinvar
CCNHHGNC:1594ENSG00000134480P51946Cyclin-Hclinvar
FAT4HGNC:23109ENSG00000196159Q6V0I7Protocadherin Fat 4clinvar
KDRHGNC:6307ENSG00000128052P35968Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2clinvar
MYH9HGNC:7579ENSG00000100345P35579Myosin-9clinvar

Cohort function summary

Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.

SymbolProtein nameFunction (lead sentence)
ANTXR1Anthrax toxin receptor 1Plays a role in cell attachment and migration.
FLT4Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as a cell-surface receptor for VEGFC and VEGFD, and plays an essential role in adult lymphangiogenesis and in the development of the vascular network and the cardiovascular system during embryonic developm…
CCNHCyclin-HRegulates CDK7, the catalytic subunit of the CDK-activating kinase (CAK) enzymatic complex.
FAT4Protocadherin Fat 4Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins.
KDRVascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as a cell-surface receptor for VEGFA, VEGFC and VEGFD.
MYH9Myosin-9Cellular myosin that appears to play a role in cytokinesis, cell shape, and specialized functions such as secretion and capping.

Protein-family classification

Druggable: 2 · Difficult: 1 · Unknown: 3 · Druggable fraction: 0.33

Family distribution

Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.

FamilyGenesFoldFDR
Kinase29.2×0.053
Scaffold/PPI12.9×0.451
Other/Unknown30.9×0.758

Per-gene assignment

SymbolFamilyDruggable?ECInterPro (top 3)
ANTXR1Other/UnknownnoVWF_A, Anthrax_toxin_rcpt_C, Anthrax_toxin_rcpt_extracel
FLT4Kinaseyes2.7.10.1Prot_kinase_dom, Ser-Thr/Tyr_kinase_cat_dom, Tyr_kinase_rcpt_3_CS
CCNHOther/UnknownnoCyclin_N, Cyclin-like_dom, CyclinH/Ccl1
FAT4Other/UnknownnoEGF-type_Asp/Asn_hydroxyl_site, EGF, Laminin_G
KDRKinaseyes2.7.10.1Prot_kinase_dom, Ser-Thr/Tyr_kinase_cat_dom, Tyr_kinase_rcpt_3_CS
MYH9Scaffold/PPInoIQ_motif_EF-hand-BS, Myosin_head_motor_dom-like, Myosin_tail

Expression context

Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.

6 cohort genes are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.

Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)

BucketGenes
narrow (1-5 tissues)0
moderate (6-20)0
broad (>20)6
unknown0

Top tissues across cohort

TissueCohort genes
stromal cell of endometrium2
calcaneal tendon2
decidua1
palpebral conjunctiva1
left lobe of thyroid gland1
right lobe of thyroid gland1
thyroid gland1
left testis1
right testis1
blood vessel layer1
cortical plate1
germinal epithelium of ovary1
lower lobe of lung1
parietal pleura1
ascending aorta1
thoracic aorta1

Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)

SymbolBgee breadthFANTOM5 breadthSCXATop tissues
ANTXR1270ubiquitousmarkerstromal cell of endometrium, decidua, palpebral conjunctiva
FLT4172broadmarkerright lobe of thyroid gland, left lobe of thyroid gland, thyroid gland
CCNH297ubiquitousmarkercalcaneal tendon, left testis, right testis
FAT4231ubiquitousmarkercalcaneal tendon, cortical plate, blood vessel layer
KDR267broadmarkergerminal epithelium of ovary, lower lobe of lung, parietal pleura
MYH9279ubiquitousmarkerstromal cell of endometrium, ascending aorta, thoracic aorta

Protein interactions among cohort

Intra-cohort edges: 3.

Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)

SymbolInteractor count
MYH95,533
KDR4,960
FLT42,411
CCNH2,116
ANTXR12,039
FAT41,932

Intra-cohort edges

ABSources
ANTXR1KDRstring_interaction
ANTXR1MYH9intact
FLT4KDRintact, string_interaction

Structural data

PDB: 6 · AlphaFold-only: 0 · No structure: 0

Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)

SymbolUniProtPDB entries
KDRP3596854
CCNHP5194647
MYH9P355798
ANTXR1Q9H6X25
FLT4P359162
FAT4Q6V0I72

Function

Pathway analysis

Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 108. Enrichment computed across 6 evidence-associated genes (5 with Reactome annotation).

Pathways by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 5 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

PathwayCohort genesFoldFDRSample cohort genes
VEGF binds to VEGFR leading to receptor dimerization2507.6×6e-04FLT4, KDR
High laminar flow shear stress activates signaling by PIEZO1 and PECAM1:CDH5:KDR in endothelial cells264.3×0.020FLT4, KDR
Neuropilin interactions with VEGF and VEGFR1571.0×0.043KDR
Signaling by membrane-tethered fusions of PDGFRA or PDGFRB1456.8×0.043KDR
CD163 mediating an anti-inflammatory response1228.4×0.043MYH9
Uptake and function of anthrax toxins1190.3×0.043ANTXR1
Sema4D in semaphorin signaling1134.3×0.043MYH9
RHO GTPases activate CIT1120.2×0.043MYH9
RHO GTPases Activate ROCKs1120.2×0.043MYH9
Sema4D induced cell migration and growth-cone collapse1114.2×0.043MYH9
VEGFR2 mediated cell proliferation1114.2×0.043KDR
NOTCH4 Intracellular Domain Regulates Transcription1114.2×0.043FLT4
RHO GTPases activate PAKs1108.8×0.043MYH9
Global Genome Nucleotide Excision Repair (GG-NER)191.4×0.043CCNH
RNA Pol II CTD phosphorylation and interaction with CE during HIV infection181.6×0.043CCNH
RNA Pol II CTD phosphorylation and interaction with CE181.6×0.043CCNH
Semaphorin interactions178.8×0.043MYH9
G1 Phase178.8×0.043CCNH
Anti-inflammatory response favouring Leishmania parasite infection178.8×0.043MYH9
Leishmania parasite growth and survival178.8×0.043MYH9
EPHA-mediated growth cone collapse176.1×0.043MYH9
mRNA Capping176.1×0.043CCNH
Parasite infection169.2×0.043MYH9
Leishmania phagocytosis169.2×0.043MYH9
Formation of the Early Elongation Complex167.2×0.043CCNH
Formation of the HIV-1 Early Elongation Complex167.2×0.043CCNH
HIV Transcription Elongation167.2×0.043CCNH
RNA Polymerase I Transcription Termination165.3×0.043CCNH
RHO GTPases activate PKNs163.4×0.043MYH9
Cyclin A/B1/B2 associated events during G2/M transition161.7×0.043CCNH

GO biological processes by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 6 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

GO termCohort genesFoldFDRSample cohort genes
lymph vessel development2624.1×4e-04FLT4, KDR
vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway2351.1×7e-04FLT4, KDR
cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus2187.2×0.002FLT4, KDR
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway2160.5×0.002FLT4, KDR
peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation2140.4×0.002FLT4, KDR
lung alveolus development2117.0×0.002FLT4, KDR
positive regulation of protein phosphorylation292.1×0.003FLT4, KDR
positive regulation of endothelial cell migration283.8×0.003FLT4, KDR
positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation277.0×0.003FLT4, KDR
positive regulation of nitric oxide-cGMP mediated signal transduction12808.7×0.004KDR
cell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway257.9×0.005FLT4, KDR
uropod organization11404.3×0.005MYH9
cortical granule exocytosis11404.3×0.005MYH9
negative regulation of actin filament severing11404.3×0.005MYH9
positive regulation of protein processing in phagocytic vesicle11404.3×0.005MYH9
protein autophosphorylation248.4×0.005FLT4, KDR
cytokinetic process1936.2×0.006MYH9
regulation of blood vessel remodeling1936.2×0.006FLT4
cellular response to hydrogen sulfide1936.2×0.006KDR
regulation of plasma membrane repair1936.2×0.006MYH9
regulation of cell shape241.0×0.006KDR, MYH9
post-embryonic camera-type eye morphogenesis1702.2×0.007KDR
establishment of meiotic spindle localization1702.2×0.007MYH9
negative regulation of extracellular matrix assembly1702.2×0.007ANTXR1
endocardium development1561.7×0.007KDR
cytoplasmic actin-based contraction involved in cell motility1561.7×0.007MYH9
blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation1561.7×0.007KDR
regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation1561.7×0.007KDR
regulation of bone development1561.7×0.007KDR
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade228.4×0.008FLT4, KDR

Therapeutics

Drug target analysis

Approved (phase 4): 3 · Phase ≥3: 3 · Phased (≥1): 4 · Undrugged: 2

Druggability breadth: 4 of 6 evidence-associated genes (67%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).

Genes with an approved drug

The molecule shown is one approved compound that hits the gene — not necessarily a drug of choice or one indicated for this disease.

SymbolExample approved molecule
FLT4FEDRATINIB
CCNHABEMACICLIB
KDRVANDETANIB

Top cohort targets by molecule count

SymbolMoleculesMax phase
KDR1724
FLT4724
CCNH284
MYH912
ANTXR100
FAT400

Drugs targeting cohort genes (top 30)

MoleculeMax phaseTargets in cohort
FEDRATINIB4FLT4, KDR
TIVOZANIB4FLT4, KDR
LENVATINIB4FLT4, KDR
AXITINIB4FLT4, KDR
SORAFENIB4FLT4, KDR
INFIGRATINIB PHOSPHATE4FLT4, KDR
INFIGRATINIB4FLT4, KDR
REGORAFENIB4FLT4, KDR
ENTRECTINIB4FLT4, KDR
CABOZANTINIB4FLT4, KDR
VANDETANIB4FLT4, KDR
NINTEDANIB ESYLATE4FLT4, KDR
FILGOTINIB4FLT4
BRIGATINIB4FLT4, KDR
FRUQUINTINIB4FLT4, KDR
PAZOPANIB4FLT4, KDR
NINTEDANIB4FLT4, KDR
SUNITINIB4FLT4, KDR
ERLOTINIB4FLT4, KDR
QUIZARTINIB4CCNH, FLT4, KDR
MIDOSTAURIN4FLT4, KDR
GEFITINIB4FLT4, KDR
ABEMACICLIB4CCNH, KDR
ADAGRASIB4CCNH
INDIGOTINDISULFONATE4KDR
PONATINIB4KDR
SORAFENIB TOSYLATE4KDR
PHENYL AMINOSALICYLATE4KDR
VEMURAFENIB4KDR
PIPERAZINE4KDR

Bioactivity and enzyme data

Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 2.

Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)

SymbolAssaysType breakdown
KDR2,687Binding:2594, Functional:64, ADMET:27, Toxicity:2
FLT4717Binding:683, Functional:32, ADMET:2
CCNH348Binding:346, Functional:2
MYH910Binding:10

Cohort enzymes (BRENDA EC)

SymbolEC numbersNames
FLT42.7.10.1receptor protein-tyrosine kinase
KDR2.7.10.1receptor protein-tyrosine kinase

Cohort genes with high screening signal

≥100 ChEMBL assays — a studied-ness signal; see Therapeutics for approved-drug status.

SymbolChEMBL assays
FLT4717
CCNH348
KDR2,687

Pharmacogenomics

Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 6; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.

No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).

Chemical tractability of cohort targets

30 approved/phased compounds have measured bioactivity against a cohort gene (and aren’t yet in disease-level trials). This is a research / tractability signal, NOT a therapeutic recommendation — a bioactivity row often reflects off-target or screening binding (e.g. promiscuous kinase inhibitors against a cohort kinase), implying no disease mechanism.

CompoundMax phaseCohort target (bioactivity)
FEDRATINIB4FLT4, KDR
TIVOZANIB4FLT4, KDR
LENVATINIB4FLT4, KDR
AXITINIB4FLT4, KDR
SORAFENIB4FLT4, KDR
INFIGRATINIB PHOSPHATE4FLT4, KDR
INFIGRATINIB4FLT4, KDR
REGORAFENIB4FLT4, KDR
ENTRECTINIB4FLT4, KDR
CABOZANTINIB4FLT4, KDR
VANDETANIB4FLT4, KDR
NINTEDANIB ESYLATE4FLT4, KDR
FILGOTINIB4FLT4
BRIGATINIB4FLT4, KDR
FRUQUINTINIB4FLT4, KDR
PAZOPANIB4FLT4, KDR
NINTEDANIB4FLT4, KDR
SUNITINIB4FLT4, KDR
ERLOTINIB4FLT4, KDR
QUIZARTINIB4CCNH, FLT4, KDR
MIDOSTAURIN4FLT4, KDR
GEFITINIB4FLT4, KDR
ABEMACICLIB4CCNH, KDR
ADAGRASIB4CCNH
INDIGOTINDISULFONATE4KDR
PONATINIB4KDR
SORAFENIB TOSYLATE4KDR
PHENYL AMINOSALICYLATE4KDR
VEMURAFENIB4KDR
PIPERAZINE4KDR

Druggability pyramid

Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):

TierDefinitionGenesSymbols
AApproved (phase 4 drug)3FLT4, CCNH, KDR
BPhased (≥1) drug, not yet approved1MYH9
CDruggable family + PDB, no drug0
DDruggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug0
EDifficult family or no structure, no drug2ANTXR1, FAT4

Undrugged target profiles

2 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).

SymbolChEMBL assaysDrugged partners (top 3)
ANTXR10KDR
FAT40

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 1.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

PhaseTrials
Not specified1

Top trials by phase / activity

NCTPhaseStatusTitle
NCT03173352Not specifiedUNKNOWNA Prospective Study on the Incidence and Related Risk Factors of Infantile Hemangioma in China