Carcinoma

Summary

Carcinoma (MONDO:0004993) is a cancer (an umbrella term covering 49 Mondo subtypes) with 1 cohort gene (1 CIViC-evidence somatic driver) and 252 clinical trials. Molecularly, BAG4::FGFR1 Fusion confers sensitivity to Fexagratinib in Carcinoma (CIViC Level C). Top therapeutic interventions include fluorouracil, sorafenib, and irinotecan.

At a glance

• Classification: Cancer
• Umbrella term: 49 Mondo subtypes
• Cohort genes: 1
• Clinical trials: 252
• Precision-medicine evidence (CIViC): 1 subtype–drug association

Clinical features

No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

Field	Value
Canonical name	carcinoma
Mondo ID	MONDO:0004993
EFO	EFO:0000313
MeSH	D002277
DOID	DOID:305
NCIT	C2916
SNOMED CT	722688002
UMLS	C0007097
MedGen	2867
Is cancer (heuristic)	yes

Also known as: carcinoma · carcinoma, malignant · epithelial carcinoma · epithelioma · epithelioma malignant · malignant epithelial neoplasm · malignant epithelial tumor · malignant epithelial tumour · malignant epithelioma · Other carcinoma

Disease family

An umbrella term covering 49 Mondo subtypes.

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by etiologic mechanism › cancer or benign tumor › neoplastic disease or syndrome › neoplasm › cancer › carcinoma

Related subtypes (32): respiratory system cancer, immune system cancer, musculoskeletal system cancer, integumentary system cancer, peritoneum cancer, cardiovascular cancer, reproductive system cancer, malignant giant cell tumor, digestive system cancer, lipomatous cancer, thoracic cancer, malignant glomus tumor, malignant mesenchymoma, sarcoma, blastoma, head and neck cancer, malignant mixed neoplasm, nervous system cancer, retroperitoneal cancer, malignant germ cell tumor, malignant mesothelioma, malignant urinary system neoplasm, childhood malignant neoplasm, anaplastic cancer, malignant spindle cell neoplasm, high grade malignant neoplasm, malignant endocrine neoplasm, malignant soft tissue neoplasm, secondary malignant neoplasm, refractory malignant neoplasm, malignant adenoma, cancer of unknown primary site

Subtypes (49): retroperitoneum carcinoma, head and neck carcinoma, peritoneal carcinoma, neuroendocrine carcinoma, laryngeal carcinoma, bone carcinoma, carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, scrotal carcinoma, skin carcinoma, malignant myoepithelioma, trachea carcinoma, epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma, lipid-rich carcinoma, comedocarcinoma, in situ carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, urinary bladder carcinoma, breast carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, lung carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, renal carcinoma, uterine carcinoma, vulvar carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, basaloid carcinoma, cribriform carcinoma, digestive system carcinoma, fallopian tube carcinoma, penile carcinoma, sarcomatoid carcinoma, thymic carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma, ureter carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, Krebs 2 carcinoma, thyroid gland carcinoma, vaginal carcinoma, choroid plexus carcinoma, malignant epithelial tumor of ovary, mucin-producing carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, carcinoma of urethra, combined carcinoid and adenocarcinoma, secondary carcinoma, invasive carcinoma, glycogen-rich carcinoma, lymph node carcinoma

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

No GWAS associations recorded — common-variant (GWAS) studies don’t cover this disease (typical for Mendelian / rare diseases). See the curated gene cohort and Mendelian overlap below.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

No tiered GWAS variants or ClinVar records for this disease.

Genes & proteins

Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers

GenCC: 0 · Orphanet: 4 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0

Somatic driver evidence (intOGen + CIViC, cohort fanout)

Gene	intOGen role	Cancer types	CIViC
ERBB2	Act	BLCA,BRCA,CESC,CHOL,COADREAD,EGC,ESCA,ESCC,LMS,LUAD,NSCLC,OVT,PRCC,READ,STAD,UCEC	CIViC #20

Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)

Gene	Orphanet ID	Rare disease
ERBB2	Orphanet:213726	Serous carcinoma of the corpus uteri
ERBB2	Orphanet:2800	Extramammary Paget disease
ERBB2	Orphanet:388	Hirschsprung disease
ERBB2	Orphanet:99976	Adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and oesophagogastric junction

Cohort genes → proteins

1 cohort genes, 1 distinct canonical proteins.

Evidence partition

Subset	Genes
civic_only	1

Cohort genes (full)

Symbol	HGNC	Ensembl	UniProt	Name	Evidence
ERBB2	HGNC:3430	ENSG00000141736	P04626	Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2	civic_evidence

Cohort function summary

Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.

Symbol	Protein name	Function (lead sentence)
ERBB2	Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2	Protein tyrosine kinase that is part of several cell surface receptor complexes, but that apparently needs a coreceptor for ligand binding.

Protein-family classification

Druggable: 1 · Difficult: 0 · Unknown: 0 · Druggable fraction: 1.0

Family distribution

Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.

Family	Genes	Fold	FDR
Kinase	1	27.7×	0.036

Per-gene assignment

Symbol	Family	Druggable?	EC	InterPro (top 3)
ERBB2	Kinase	yes	2.7.10.1	Rcpt_L-dom, Prot_kinase_dom, Ser-Thr/Tyr_kinase_cat_dom

Expression context

Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.

1 cohort gene are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.

Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)

Bucket	Genes
narrow (1-5 tissues)	0
moderate (6-20)	0
broad (>20)	1
unknown	0

Top tissues across cohort

Tissue	Cohort genes
lower esophagus mucosa	1
right uterine tube	1
sural nerve	1

Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)

Symbol	Bgee breadth	FANTOM5 breadth	SCXA	Top tissues
ERBB2	276	ubiquitous	marker	lower esophagus mucosa, right uterine tube, sural nerve

Protein interactions among cohort

Intra-cohort edges: 0.

Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)

Symbol	Interactor count
ERBB2	9,659

Structural data

PDB: 1 · AlphaFold-only: 0 · No structure: 0

Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)

Symbol	UniProt	PDB entries
ERBB2	P04626	63

Function

Pathway analysis

Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 33. Enrichment computed across 1 evidence-associated genes (1 with Reactome annotation).

Pathways by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 1 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

Pathway	Cohort genes	Fold	FDR	Sample cohort genes
PLCG1 events in ERBB2 signaling	1	2855.0×	0.001	ERBB2
Drug-mediated inhibition of ERBB2 signaling	1	2855.0×	0.001	ERBB2
Resistance of ERBB2 KD mutants to trastuzumab	1	2855.0×	0.001	ERBB2
Resistance of ERBB2 KD mutants to sapitinib	1	2855.0×	0.001	ERBB2
Resistance of ERBB2 KD mutants to tesevatinib	1	2855.0×	0.001	ERBB2
Resistance of ERBB2 KD mutants to neratinib	1	2855.0×	0.001	ERBB2
Resistance of ERBB2 KD mutants to osimertinib	1	2855.0×	0.001	ERBB2
Resistance of ERBB2 KD mutants to afatinib	1	2855.0×	0.001	ERBB2
Resistance of ERBB2 KD mutants to AEE788	1	2855.0×	0.001	ERBB2
Resistance of ERBB2 KD mutants to lapatinib	1	2855.0×	0.001	ERBB2
Drug resistance in ERBB2 TMD/JMD mutants	1	2855.0×	0.001	ERBB2
GRB7 events in ERBB2 signaling	1	1903.3×	0.001	ERBB2
Constitutive Signaling by Overexpressed ERBB2	1	951.7×	0.002	ERBB2
Downregulation of ERBB2:ERBB3 signaling	1	815.7×	0.002	ERBB2
ERBB2 Activates PTK6 Signaling	1	815.7×	0.002	ERBB2
TFAP2 (AP-2) family regulates transcription of growth factors and their receptors	1	761.3×	0.002	ERBB2
Developmental Lineage of Mammary Stem Cells	1	761.3×	0.002	ERBB2
ERBB2 Regulates Cell Motility	1	713.8×	0.002	ERBB2
PI3K events in ERBB2 signaling	1	671.8×	0.002	ERBB2
Signaling by ERBB2 ECD mutants	1	671.8×	0.002	ERBB2
GRB2 events in ERBB2 signaling	1	634.4×	0.002	ERBB2
Sema4D induced cell migration and growth-cone collapse	1	571.0×	0.003	ERBB2
Developmental Lineage of Mammary Gland Myoepithelial Cells	1	543.8×	0.003	ERBB2
SHC1 events in ERBB2 signaling	1	475.8×	0.003	ERBB2
Signaling by ERBB2 TMD/JMD mutants	1	475.8×	0.003	ERBB2
Developmental Lineage of Mammary Gland Luminal Epithelial Cells	1	456.8×	0.003	ERBB2
Signaling by ERBB2 KD Mutants	1	423.0×	0.003	ERBB2
Downregulation of ERBB2 signaling	1	380.7×	0.003	ERBB2
Signaling by ERBB2	1	346.1×	0.003	ERBB2
Constitutive Signaling by Aberrant PI3K in Cancer	1	126.9×	0.009	ERBB2

GO biological processes by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 1 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

GO term	Cohort genes	Fold	FDR	Sample cohort genes
immature T cell proliferation in thymus	1	3370.4×	0.004	ERBB2
negative regulation of immature T cell proliferation in thymus	1	2808.7×	0.004	ERBB2
ERBB2-ERBB4 signaling pathway	1	2808.7×	0.004	ERBB2
regulation of microtubule-based process	1	1872.4×	0.004	ERBB2
ERBB2-ERBB3 signaling pathway	1	1685.2×	0.004	ERBB2
ERBB2-EGFR signaling pathway	1	1685.2×	0.004	ERBB2
enzyme-linked receptor protein signaling pathway	1	1296.3×	0.004	ERBB2
Schwann cell development	1	1053.2×	0.005	ERBB2
neurotransmitter receptor localization to postsynaptic specialization membrane	1	802.5×	0.005	ERBB2
motor neuron axon guidance	1	702.2×	0.005	ERBB2
positive regulation of MAP kinase activity	1	648.1×	0.005	ERBB2
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase I	1	648.1×	0.005	ERBB2
positive regulation of Rho protein signal transduction	1	581.1×	0.005	ERBB2
regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	1	581.1×	0.005	ERBB2
positive regulation of protein targeting to membrane	1	561.7×	0.005	ERBB2
neuromuscular junction development	1	526.6×	0.005	ERBB2
peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	1	421.3×	0.005	ERBB2
regulation of angiogenesis	1	421.3×	0.005	ERBB2
oligodendrocyte differentiation	1	421.3×	0.005	ERBB2
semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway	1	401.2×	0.005	ERBB2
cellular response to growth factor stimulus	1	318.0×	0.006	ERBB2
cellular response to epidermal growth factor stimulus	1	318.0×	0.006	ERBB2
positive regulation of cell adhesion	1	271.8×	0.006	ERBB2
myelination	1	251.5×	0.006	ERBB2
epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway	1	247.8×	0.006	ERBB2
positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation	1	244.2×	0.006	ERBB2
wound healing	1	227.7×	0.006	ERBB2
positive regulation of translation	1	227.7×	0.006	ERBB2
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	1	210.7×	0.007	ERBB2
positive regulation of cell growth	1	183.2×	0.007	ERBB2

Therapeutics

Drugs indicated for this disease

6 approved, 30 in late-stage (phase 3) trials. Disease-direct ChEMBL indications, not inferred from the associated-gene cohort below.

Drug	Development status
Bicalutamide	Approved (phase 4)
Flutamide	Approved (phase 4)
Melphalan	Approved (phase 4)
Paclitaxel	Approved (phase 4)
Thiotepa	Approved (phase 4)
Valrubicin	Approved (phase 4)
Brigatinib	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Brivanib	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Capecitabine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Carboplatin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Cisplatin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Crizotinib	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Denosumab	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Doxorubicin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Escitalopram	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Etoposide	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Etoposide Phosphate	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Everolimus	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Fish Oil Triglycerides	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Fluorouracil	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Gemcitabine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Hydroxyurea	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Ifosfamide	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Mitomycin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Mitotane	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Nelfinavir	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Nimotuzumab	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Olaparib	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Oxaliplatin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Pembrolizumab	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Pemetrexed	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Porfiromycin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Sorafenib	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Soybean Oil	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Streptozocin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Vinorelbine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)

Earlier-phase candidates (phase 2, investigational — efficacy not yet established): ANTINEOPLASTON A10, Aldesleukin, Anastrozole, Atezolizumab, Bavituximab, Belagenpumatucel-L, Belinostat, Bevacizumab, Cabozantinib, Catequentinib, Ceralasertib, Cetuximab, Dacomitinib Anhydrous, Diclofenac, Dostarlimab, Enzalutamide, Erlotinib, Filgrastim, Fulvestrant, Icotinib, Ingenol Mebutate, Ipilimumab, Irinotecan, Letrozole, Lidocaine, Metformin, Nicotine, Nivolumab, Osimertinib, Panitumumab, Pravastatin, Ribociclib, Rivoceranib, Romiplostim, Savolitinib, Sunitinib, Surufatinib, Tislelizumab, Tolvaptan, Toripalimab, Trastuzumab.

Drug target analysis

Approved (phase 4): 1 · Phase ≥3: 1 · Phased (≥1): 1 · Undrugged: 0

Druggability breadth: 1 of 1 evidence-associated genes (100%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).

Genes with an approved drug

The molecule shown is one approved compound that hits the gene — not necessarily a drug of choice or one indicated for this disease.

Symbol	Example approved molecule
ERBB2	CLOTRIMAZOLE

Top cohort targets by molecule count

Symbol	Molecules	Max phase
ERBB2	83	4

Drugs targeting cohort genes (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Targets in cohort
CLOTRIMAZOLE	4	ERBB2
ERLOTINIB HYDROCHLORIDE	4	ERBB2
PONATINIB	4	ERBB2
AFATINIB	4	ERBB2
LAPATINIB DITOSYLATE	4	ERBB2
SORAFENIB	4	ERBB2
NERATINIB	4	ERBB2
IBRUTINIB	4	ERBB2
AFATINIB DIMALEATE	4	ERBB2
CABOZANTINIB	4	ERBB2
DACOMITINIB	4	ERBB2
DACOMITINIB ANHYDROUS	4	ERBB2
VANDETANIB	4	ERBB2
TRIBROMSALAN	4	ERBB2
BOSUTINIB	4	ERBB2
BITHIONOL	4	ERBB2
ASTEMIZOLE	4	ERBB2
EBASTINE	4	ERBB2
OSIMERTINIB	4	ERBB2
BRIGATINIB	4	ERBB2
ACALABRUTINIB	4	ERBB2
ZANUBRUTINIB	4	ERBB2
TUCATINIB	4	ERBB2
TIRABRUTINIB	4	ERBB2
PACLITAXEL	4	ERBB2
LAZERTINIB	4	ERBB2
HEXACHLOROPHENE	4	ERBB2
DOXORUBICIN	4	ERBB2
DASATINIB	4	ERBB2
ERLOTINIB	4	ERBB2

Bioactivity and enzyme data

Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 1.

Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)

Symbol	Assays	Type breakdown
ERBB2	1,221	Binding:1136, Functional:79, ADMET:6

Cohort enzymes (BRENDA EC)

Symbol	EC numbers	Names
ERBB2	2.7.10.1	receptor protein-tyrosine kinase

Cohort genes with high screening signal

≥100 ChEMBL assays — a studied-ness signal; see Therapeutics for approved-drug status.

Symbol	ChEMBL assays
ERBB2	1,221

Pharmacogenomics

Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 1; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.

No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).

Drug repurposing candidates

27 approved/phased drugs hit cohort targets but don’t yet appear in disease-level clinical trials. Target-inhibition rationale is strongest for cancer driver genes; a bioactivity hit is a screening signal, not a treatment claim.

Compound	Max phase	Cohort target (bioactivity)
CLOTRIMAZOLE	4	ERBB2
ERLOTINIB HYDROCHLORIDE	4	ERBB2
PONATINIB	4	ERBB2
AFATINIB	4	ERBB2
LAPATINIB DITOSYLATE	4	ERBB2
NERATINIB	4	ERBB2
IBRUTINIB	4	ERBB2
AFATINIB DIMALEATE	4	ERBB2
CABOZANTINIB	4	ERBB2
DACOMITINIB	4	ERBB2
DACOMITINIB ANHYDROUS	4	ERBB2
VANDETANIB	4	ERBB2
TRIBROMSALAN	4	ERBB2
BOSUTINIB	4	ERBB2
BITHIONOL	4	ERBB2
ASTEMIZOLE	4	ERBB2
EBASTINE	4	ERBB2
ACALABRUTINIB	4	ERBB2
ZANUBRUTINIB	4	ERBB2
TUCATINIB	4	ERBB2
TIRABRUTINIB	4	ERBB2
PACLITAXEL	4	ERBB2
LAZERTINIB	4	ERBB2
HEXACHLOROPHENE	4	ERBB2
DOXORUBICIN	4	ERBB2
DASATINIB	4	ERBB2
ERLOTINIB	4	ERBB2

Druggability pyramid

Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):

Tier	Definition	Genes	Symbols
A	Approved (phase 4 drug)	1	ERBB2
B	Phased (≥1) drug, not yet approved	0
C	Druggable family + PDB, no drug	0
D	Druggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug	0
E	Difficult family or no structure, no drug	0

Undrugged target profiles

0 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 252.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

Phase	Trials
Not specified	84
PHASE2	65
PHASE1	54
PHASE3	22
PHASE1/PHASE2	14
PHASE4	8
EARLY_PHASE1	4
PHASE2/PHASE3	1

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT04475705	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Propofol vs Sevo for Paediatric Tumor Surgery
NCT04641819	PHASE4	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Yangzheng Compound Mixture in the Treatment of Sleep Disorder in Cancer Patients
NCT00742222	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Electronic Xoft Intersociety Brachytherapy Trial: Electronic Brachytherapy (EBT) For Treatment of Early Stage Breast Cancer
NCT00847912	PHASE4	COMPLETED	CSP #562 - The VA Keratinocyte Carcinoma Chemoprevention Trial
NCT02151149	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Safety and Efficacy Study of Abraxane in Combination With Carboplatin to Treat Advanced NSCL Cancer in the Elderly
NCT04362072	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study of Lorlatinib In People With ALK-positive Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
NCT04401059	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Synergistic Effect of Elemene Plus TKIs Compared With TKIs in EGFR-mutated Advanced NSCLC：Prospective Study
NCT05848947	PHASE4	COMPLETED	SIR-Spheres Study to Calculate the Radiation-Absorbed Dose of 99mTc-MAA
NCT03091192	PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Savolitinib vs. Sunitinib in MET-driven PRCC.
NCT05261399	PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Savolitinib Plus Osimertinib Versus Platinum-based Doublet Chemotherapy in Participants With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Who Have Progressed on Osimertinib Treatment
NCT00034879	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Iressa Expanded Access Program (EAP)
NCT00126269	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Trial Comparing Cisplatin With or Without Gemcitabine in Patients With Carcinoma of Unknown Primary
NCT00216372	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety of Lanreotide Microparticles as Palliative Treatment in Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
NCT00364455	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Impact of Erythropoietin Treatment Versus Placebo on Quality-of-life in Patients With Advanced Prostate Cancer.
NCT00532155	PHASE3	COMPLETED	A Study of Aflibercept Versus Placebo in Patients With Second-Line Docetaxel for Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
NCT00822809	PHASE3	COMPLETED	CASIMAS: Catumaxomab Safety Phase IIIb Study With Intraperitoneal Infusion in Patients With Malignant Ascites Due to Epithelial Cancers
NCT00838201	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Extension Study to Evaluate Long Term Safety of Denosumab in Subjects Undergoing ADT for Non-Metastatic Prostate Cancer
NCT00863746	PHASE3	COMPLETED	A 3rd/4th Line Placebo-controlled Trial of Sorafenib in Patients With Predominantly Non Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC).
NCT00935675	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Randomized Study of the Effectiveness of Escitalopram on Emotional Distress of Head and Neck Cancer Patients During Cancer Treatment
NCT01009593	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Efficacy and Tolerability of ABT-869 Versus Sorafenib in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)
NCT01035229	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Global Study Looking at the Combination of RAD001 Plus Best Supportive Care (BSC) and Placebo Plus BSC to Treat Patients With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
NCT01149161	PHASE2/PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Extent of Central Lymph Node Dissection in Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma
NCT01214343	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Comparing Efficacy of Sorafenib Versus Sorafenib in Combination With Low-dose FP in Patients With Advanced HCC
NCT01345084	PHASE3	WITHDRAWN	Study Comparing Radiation Therapy and Chemotherapy With or Without Nimotuzumab
NCT02526953	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Efficacy Study of Chemoradiotherapy With or Without Paclitaxel in Squamous-cell Anal Carcinoma Patients
NCT02539537	PHASE3	COMPLETED	A Randomized Phase III Trial Comparing Folfirinox to Gemcitabine in Locally Advanced Pancreatic Carcinoma
NCT02737501	PHASE3	COMPLETED	ALTA-1L Study: A Study of Brigatinib Versus Crizotinib in Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Positive (ALK+) Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Participants
NCT03717038	PHASE3	WITHDRAWN	Sym004 Versus TAS-102 in Patients With mCRC
NCT03952403	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	A Study of HLX10 in Combination With Carboplatin Plus (+) Pemetrexed With or Without HLX04 Compared With Carboplatin+Pemetrexed in 1L Advanced Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
NCT04006691	PHASE3	WITHDRAWN	Efficacy and Safety of UGN-101 in Recurrent Patients
NCT04222972	PHASE3	TERMINATED	A Study of Pralsetinib Versus Standard of Care for First-Line Treatment of Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
NCT03331601	PHASE2	RECRUITING	Evaluation of 68-GaNOTA-Anti-HER2 VHH1 Uptake in Brain Metastasis of Cancer Patients
NCT03708224	PHASE2	RECRUITING	Preoperative Immunotherapy in Patients With Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
NCT03778229	PHASE2	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Osimertinib Plus Savolitinib in EGFRm+/MET+ NSCLC Following Prior Osimertinib
NCT04787042	PHASE1/PHASE2	RECRUITING	Phase 1a and Phase 2 Study for Safety, Preliminary Efficacy, PK and PD of ST-067
NCT04807166	PHASE2	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Anlotinib Combined With Carboplatin/Paclitaxel as First-line Treatment in Patients With Advanced Ovarian Cancer
NCT05063916	PHASE2	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Phase II Study of AK104 (Cadonilimab) for Recurrent Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinomas of the Cervix
NCT05283226	PHASE2	RECRUITING	Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Oral NRC-2694-A in Combination With Paclitaxel in Patients With Recurrent and/or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Who Progressed on or After Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy
NCT05347212	PHASE2	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Phase II Trial of Immunotherapy in Patients With Carcinomas Arising From the Renal Medulla
NCT05494060	PHASE2	RECRUITING	XELOX Combined With Anlotinib and Penpulimab vs XELOX as Adjuvant Therapy in ctDNA Positive Gastric and Esophagogastric Junction Adenocarcinoma

Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Trials referencing
FLUOROURACIL	4	7
SORAFENIB	4	4
IRINOTECAN	4	3
BRIGATINIB	4	2
DOSTARLIMAB	4	2
MOGAMULIZUMAB	4	2
NIRAPARIB	4	2
OSIMERTINIB	4	2
PANITUMUMAB	4	2
PEMIGATINIB	4	2
PRALSETINIB	4	2
AFLIBERCEPT	4	1
BELINOSTAT	4	1
CAPMATINIB	4	1
CARBOPLATIN	4	1
CATUMAXOMAB	4	1
CRIZOTINIB	4	1
DENOSUMAB	4	1
ENSARTINIB	4	1
EPOETIN ALFA	4	1
FLUPHENAZINE DECANOATE	4	1
GEFITINIB	4	1
GEMCITABINE	4	1
INGENOL MEBUTATE	4	1
INTERFERON ALFA-2A	4	1
IXABEPILONE	4	1
KETOCONAZOLE	4	1
LEVOKETOCONAZOLE	4	1
LORLATINIB	4	1
MITOMYCIN	4	1

Precision-medicine subtype map (CIViC)

Drug × molecular subtype: 1 predictive associations from 1 curated evidence items; also 1 oncogenic.

Molecular subtype	Therapy	Effect	Level	CIViC
BAG4::FGFR1 Fusion	Fexagratinib	Sensitivity/Response	CIViC C	EID9243