Childhood low-grade glioma
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Summary
Childhood low-grade glioma (MONDO:0859591) is a cancer with 8 cohort genes (8 CIViC-evidence somatic drivers). Molecularly, BRAF V600 OR v::BRAF Fusion confers sensitivity to Tovorafenib in Childhood Low-grade Glioma (CIViC Level A); 6 further subtype–drug associations are mapped below.
At a glance
- Classification: Cancer
- Cohort genes: 8
- Precision-medicine evidence (CIViC): 7 subtype–drug associations
Clinical features
No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.
Identifiers
Disease identifiers
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Canonical name | childhood low-grade glioma |
| Mondo ID | MONDO:0859591 |
| DOID | DOID:0080830 |
| NCIT | C202299 |
| UMLS | C5908420 |
| MedGen | 1861125 |
| GARD | 0026753 |
| Is cancer (heuristic) | yes |
Disease family
Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by etiologic mechanism › cancer or benign tumor › neoplastic disease or syndrome › neoplasm › nervous system neoplasm › neuroepithelial neoplasm › glioma › low grade glioma › childhood low-grade glioma
Related subtypes (5): schwannoma, angiocentric glioma, low grade astrocytic tumor, grade II glioma, diffuse low-grade glioma, MAPK pathway–altered
Genetics & variants
GWAS landscape
No GWAS associations recorded — common-variant (GWAS) studies don’t cover this disease (typical for Mendelian / rare diseases). See the curated gene cohort and Mendelian overlap below.
Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers
No tiered GWAS variants or ClinVar records for this disease.
Genes & proteins
Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers
GenCC: 0 · Orphanet: 61 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0
Somatic driver evidence (intOGen + CIViC, cohort fanout)
| Gene | intOGen role | Cancer types | CIViC |
|---|---|---|---|
| BRAF | Act | BLCA,BRCA,CHOL,CLLSLL,COAD,COADREAD,CSCC,DLBCLNOS,GBM,GIST,HGGNOS,LGGNOS,LUAD,MEL,MLYM,NSCLC,OVT,PAST,PCM,PRAD,PRCC,PROSTATE,READ,SACA,SKCM,STAD,UCEC,WDTC | CIViC #5 |
| TERT | Act | PRCC | CIViC #79 |
| CDKN2A | LoF | ACYC,BLCA,BRCA,CHOL,COAD,COADREAD,CSCC,EGC,ESCA,ESCC,GBM,HCC,HNSC,LGGNOS,LUAD,LUSC,MEL,MLYM,NPC,NSCLC,OS,PAAD,PANCREAS,RCC,SKCM,SKIN,STAD,STOMACH,WDTC | CIViC #14 |
| FGFR1 | Act | BLCA,GBM,OVT,PANCREAS,PAST,PGNG,WDTC | CIViC #1885 |
| H3-3A | Act | HGGNOS,PAST | CIViC #2537 |
| MYB | CIViC #3730 | ||
| NF1 | LoF | ACC,ALL,AML,ANGS,BLCA,BRCA,CCRCC,CHOL,CLLSLL,COADREAD,GB,GBM,GIST,HCC,HNSC,LGGNOS,LMS,LUAD,LUNG,LUSC,MEL,NBL,NSCLC,OVT,PAST,PGNG,PLMESO,RMS,SKCM,SOFT_TISSUE,STAD,THYM,UCS | CIViC #3867 |
| ATRX | LoF | ACC,CLLSLL,GB,GBM,HGGNOS,LGGNOS,LMS,NBL,OS,OVT,PANET,PAST,SARCNOS,SOFT_TISSUE | CIViC #525 |
Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)
| Gene | Orphanet ID | Rare disease |
|---|---|---|
| BRAF | Orphanet:1340 | Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome |
| BRAF | Orphanet:146 | Differentiated thyroid carcinoma |
| BRAF | Orphanet:251615 | Pilomyxoid astrocytoma |
| BRAF | Orphanet:389 | Langerhans cell histiocytosis |
| BRAF | Orphanet:500 | Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines |
| BRAF | Orphanet:54595 | Craniopharyngioma |
| BRAF | Orphanet:58017 | Classic hairy cell leukemia |
| BRAF | Orphanet:626 | Large/giant congenital melanocytic nevus |
| BRAF | Orphanet:648 | Noonan syndrome |
| BRAF | Orphanet:840 | Syringocystadenoma papilliferum |
| BRAF | Orphanet:96253 | Cushing disease |
| TERT | Orphanet:146 | Differentiated thyroid carcinoma |
| TERT | Orphanet:1501 | Adrenocortical carcinoma |
| TERT | Orphanet:1775 | Dyskeratosis congenita |
| TERT | Orphanet:2032 | Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis |
| TERT | Orphanet:2495 | Meningioma |
| TERT | Orphanet:3322 | Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome |
| TERT | Orphanet:457246 | Clear cell sarcoma of kidney |
| TERT | Orphanet:618 | Familial melanoma |
| TERT | Orphanet:88 | Idiopathic aplastic anemia |
| CDKN2A | Orphanet:1333 | Familial pancreatic carcinoma |
| CDKN2A | Orphanet:1501 | Adrenocortical carcinoma |
| CDKN2A | Orphanet:252206 | Melanoma and neural system tumor syndrome |
| CDKN2A | Orphanet:404560 | Familial atypical multiple mole melanoma syndrome |
| CDKN2A | Orphanet:524 | Li-Fraumeni syndrome |
| CDKN2A | Orphanet:585909 | B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2) |
| CDKN2A | Orphanet:618 | Familial melanoma |
| CDKN2A | Orphanet:99861 | Precursor T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia |
| FGFR1 | Orphanet:168953 | Myeloid/lymphoid neoplasm associated with FGFR1 rearrangement |
| FGFR1 | Orphanet:2117 | Hartsfield syndrome |
| FGFR1 | Orphanet:220386 | Semilobar holoprosencephaly |
| FGFR1 | Orphanet:2396 | Encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis |
| FGFR1 | Orphanet:251576 | Gliosarcoma |
| FGFR1 | Orphanet:251579 | Giant cell glioblastoma |
| FGFR1 | Orphanet:251615 | Pilomyxoid astrocytoma |
| FGFR1 | Orphanet:2645 | Osteoglosphonic dysplasia |
| FGFR1 | Orphanet:280200 | Microform holoprosencephaly |
| FGFR1 | Orphanet:314950 | Primary hypereosinophilic syndrome |
| FGFR1 | Orphanet:3157 | Septo-optic dysplasia spectrum |
| FGFR1 | Orphanet:3366 | Non-syndromic metopic craniosynostosis |
| FGFR1 | Orphanet:432 | Normosmic congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism |
| FGFR1 | Orphanet:478 | Kallmann syndrome |
| FGFR1 | Orphanet:93258 | Pfeiffer syndrome type 1 |
| FGFR1 | Orphanet:93924 | Lobar holoprosencephaly |
| FGFR1 | Orphanet:99798 | Oligodontia |
| MYB | Orphanet:251671 | Angiocentric glioma |
| MYB | Orphanet:86849 | Acute basophilic leukemia |
| MYB | Orphanet:99861 | Precursor T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia |
| NF1 | Orphanet:139474 | 17q11.2 microduplication syndrome |
| NF1 | Orphanet:29072 | Hereditary pheochromocytoma-paraganglioma |
Cohort genes → proteins
8 cohort genes, 8 distinct canonical proteins.
Evidence partition
| Subset | Genes |
|---|---|
| civic_only | 8 |
Cohort genes (full)
| Symbol | HGNC | Ensembl | UniProt | Name | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BRAF | HGNC:1097 | ENSG00000157764 | P15056 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf | civic_evidence |
| TERT | HGNC:11730 | ENSG00000164362 | O14746 | Telomerase reverse transcriptase | civic_evidence |
| CDKN2A | HGNC:1787 | ENSG00000147889 | P42771 | Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A | civic_evidence |
| FGFR1 | HGNC:3688 | ENSG00000077782 | P11362 | Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 | civic_evidence |
| H3-3A | HGNC:4764 | ENSG00000163041 | P84243 | Histone H3.3 | civic_evidence |
| MYB | HGNC:7545 | ENSG00000118513 | P10242 | Transcriptional activator Myb | civic_evidence |
| NF1 | HGNC:7765 | ENSG00000196712 | P21359 | Neurofibromin | civic_evidence |
| ATRX | HGNC:886 | ENSG00000085224 | P46100 | Transcriptional regulator ATRX | civic_evidence |
Cohort function summary
Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.
| Symbol | Protein name | Function (lead sentence) |
|---|---|---|
| BRAF | Serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf | Protein kinase involved in the transduction of mitogenic signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus. |
| TERT | Telomerase reverse transcriptase | Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme essential for the replication of chromosome termini in most eukaryotes. |
| CDKN2A | Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A | Acts as a negative regulator of the proliferation of normal cells by interacting strongly with CDK4 and CDK6. |
| FGFR1 | Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 | Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as a cell-surface receptor for fibroblast growth factors and plays an essential role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. |
| H3-3A | Histone H3.3 | Variant histone H3 which replaces conventional H3 in a wide range of nucleosomes in active genes. |
| MYB | Transcriptional activator Myb | Transcriptional activator; DNA-binding protein that specifically recognize the sequence 5’-YAAC[GT]G-3'. |
| NF1 | Neurofibromin | Stimulates the GTPase activity of Ras. |
| ATRX | Transcriptional regulator ATRX | Involved in transcriptional regulation and chromatin remodeling. |
Protein-family classification
Druggable: 2 · Difficult: 3 · Unknown: 3 · Druggable fraction: 0.25
Family distribution
Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.
| Family | Genes | Fold | FDR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kinase | 2 | 6.9× | 0.126 |
| Transcription factor | 2 | 2.1× | 0.503 |
| Scaffold/PPI | 1 | 2.2× | 0.506 |
| Other/Unknown | 3 | 0.7× | 0.919 |
Per-gene assignment
| Symbol | Family | Druggable? | EC | InterPro (top 3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BRAF | Kinase | yes | 2.7.10.2 | Prot_kinase_dom, Ser-Thr/Tyr_kinase_cat_dom, PKC_DAG/PE |
| TERT | Other/Unknown | no | RT_dom, Telomerase_RT, Telomerase_RBD | |
| CDKN2A | Scaffold/PPI | no | Ankyrin_rpt-contain_sf, Ank_Repeat/CDKN_Inhibitor, Tumor_suppres_ARF | |
| FGFR1 | Kinase | yes | 2.7.10.1 | Prot_kinase_dom, Ser-Thr/Tyr_kinase_cat_dom, Ig_sub2 |
| H3-3A | Other/Unknown | no | Histone_H3/CENP-A, H2A/H2B/H3, Histone-fold | |
| MYB | Transcription factor | no | SANT/Myb, Homeodomain-like_sf, Tscrpt_reg_Wos2-domain | |
| NF1 | Other/Unknown | no | CRAL-TRIO_dom, RasGAP_dom, Rho_GTPase_activation_prot | |
| ATRX | Transcription factor | no | SNF2_N, Helicase_C-like, Znf_FYVE_PHD |
Expression context
Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.
7 cohort genes are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.
Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)
| Bucket | Genes |
|---|---|
| narrow (1-5 tissues) | 0 |
| moderate (6-20) | 0 |
| broad (>20) | 8 |
| unknown | 0 |
Top tissues across cohort
| Tissue | Cohort genes |
|---|---|
| calcaneal tendon | 4 |
| colonic epithelium | 3 |
| buccal mucosa cell | 2 |
| stromal cell of endometrium | 2 |
| olfactory bulb | 1 |
| type B pancreatic cell | 1 |
| cervix squamous epithelium | 1 |
| parotid gland | 1 |
| pituitary gland | 1 |
| ganglionic eminence | 1 |
| monocyte | 1 |
| ventricular zone | 1 |
| bronchial epithelial cell | 1 |
| epithelium of bronchus | 1 |
| mucosa of sigmoid colon | 1 |
| adrenal tissue | 1 |
| endothelial cell | 1 |
Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)
| Symbol | Bgee breadth | FANTOM5 breadth | SCXA | Top tissues |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BRAF | 265 | ubiquitous | marker | buccal mucosa cell, colonic epithelium, calcaneal tendon |
| TERT | 105 | broad | yes | stromal cell of endometrium, type B pancreatic cell, olfactory bulb |
| CDKN2A | 220 | ubiquitous | marker | parotid gland, cervix squamous epithelium, pituitary gland |
| FGFR1 | 292 | ubiquitous | marker | buccal mucosa cell, stromal cell of endometrium, calcaneal tendon |
| H3-3A | 134 | ubiquitous | marker | ganglionic eminence, monocyte, ventricular zone |
| MYB | 183 | broad | marker | mucosa of sigmoid colon, bronchial epithelial cell, epithelium of bronchus |
| NF1 | 283 | ubiquitous | marker | colonic epithelium, calcaneal tendon, adrenal tissue |
| ATRX | 294 | ubiquitous | marker | endothelial cell, calcaneal tendon, colonic epithelium |
Protein interactions among cohort
Intra-cohort edges: 3.
Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)
| Symbol | Interactor count |
|---|---|
| CDKN2A | 9,311 |
| BRAF | 7,394 |
| ATRX | 5,796 |
| TERT | 5,717 |
| FGFR1 | 5,693 |
| NF1 | 5,540 |
| MYB | 3,155 |
| H3-3A | 1,595 |
Intra-cohort edges
| A | B | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| ATRX | H3-3A | intact |
| BRAF | CDKN2A | string_interaction |
| BRAF | NF1 | string_interaction |
Structural data
PDB: 7 · AlphaFold-only: 1 · No structure: 0
Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)
| Symbol | UniProt | PDB entries |
|---|---|---|
| BRAF | P15056 | 131 |
| H3-3A | P84243 | 103 |
| FGFR1 | P11362 | 83 |
| NF1 | P21359 | 26 |
| TERT | O14746 | 23 |
| ATRX | P46100 | 12 |
| CDKN2A | P42771 | 5 |
AlphaFold-only cohort genes (top 30 by pLDDT)
| Symbol | UniProt | pLDDT |
|---|---|---|
| MYB | P10242 | 59.16 |
Function
Pathway analysis
Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 174. Enrichment computed across 8 evidence-associated genes (8 with Reactome annotation).
Pathways by enrichment
Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 8 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.
| Pathway | Cohort genes | Fold | FDR | Sample cohort genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT) | 1 | 1427.5× | 0.012 | ATRX |
| Evasion of Oncogene Induced Senescence Due to p14ARF Defects | 1 | 1427.5× | 0.012 | CDKN2A |
| Evasion of Oxidative Stress Induced Senescence Due to p14ARF Defects | 1 | 1427.5× | 0.012 | CDKN2A |
| Defective Inhibition of DNA Recombination at Telomere | 1 | 1427.5× | 0.012 | ATRX |
| Diseases of Telomere Maintenance | 1 | 1427.5× | 0.012 | ATRX |
| Signaling by FGFR1 amplification mutants | 1 | 713.8× | 0.012 | FGFR1 |
| Evasion of Oncogene Induced Senescence Due to Defective p16INK4A binding to CDK4 | 1 | 713.8× | 0.012 | CDKN2A |
| Evasion of Oxidative Stress Induced Senescence Due to Defective p16INK4A binding to CDK4 | 1 | 713.8× | 0.012 | CDKN2A |
| Defective Intrinsic Pathway for Apoptosis Due to p14ARF Loss of Function | 1 | 713.8× | 0.012 | CDKN2A |
| Defective Inhibition of DNA Recombination at Telomere Due to DAXX Mutations | 1 | 713.8× | 0.012 | ATRX |
| Defective Inhibition of DNA Recombination at Telomere Due to ATRX Mutations | 1 | 713.8× | 0.012 | ATRX |
| Diseases of Cellular Senescence | 1 | 475.8× | 0.012 | CDKN2A |
| Evasion of Oncogene Induced Senescence Due to p16INK4A Defects | 1 | 475.8× | 0.012 | CDKN2A |
| Evasion of Oncogene Induced Senescence Due to Defective p16INK4A binding to CDK4 and CDK6 | 1 | 475.8× | 0.012 | CDKN2A |
| Evasion of Oxidative Stress Induced Senescence Due to p16INK4A Defects | 1 | 475.8× | 0.012 | CDKN2A |
| Evasion of Oxidative Stress Induced Senescence Due to Defective p16INK4A binding to CDK4 and CDK6 | 1 | 475.8× | 0.012 | CDKN2A |
| Diseases of cellular response to stress | 1 | 475.8× | 0.012 | CDKN2A |
| Telomere Maintenance | 2 | 92.1× | 0.012 | TERT, ATRX |
| Negative regulation of FGFR1 signaling | 2 | 92.1× | 0.012 | BRAF, FGFR1 |
| Oncogenic MAPK signaling | 2 | 62.1× | 0.012 | BRAF, NF1 |
| Chromosome Maintenance | 2 | 52.9× | 0.012 | TERT, ATRX |
| MITF-M-dependent gene expression | 2 | 45.3× | 0.012 | TERT, CDKN2A |
| Inhibition of DNA recombination at telomere | 2 | 42.0× | 0.012 | H3-3A, ATRX |
| MAPK1/MAPK3 signaling | 2 | 32.8× | 0.012 | BRAF, NF1 |
| Transcriptional regulation of granulopoiesis | 2 | 31.4× | 0.012 | H3-3A, MYB |
| Formation of the beta-catenin:TCF transactivating complex | 2 | 30.1× | 0.012 | TERT, H3-3A |
| MITF-M-regulated melanocyte development | 2 | 28.6× | 0.012 | TERT, CDKN2A |
| RAF/MAP kinase cascade | 3 | 22.9× | 0.012 | BRAF, FGFR1, NF1 |
| Cell Cycle | 3 | 13.5× | 0.012 | TERT, CDKN2A, ATRX |
| Disease | 4 | 6.5× | 0.012 | BRAF, CDKN2A, NF1, ATRX |
GO biological processes by enrichment
Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 8 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.
| GO term | Cohort genes | Fold | FDR | Sample cohort genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| subtelomeric heterochromatin formation | 2 | 383.0× | 0.002 | H3-3A, ATRX |
| MAPK cascade | 3 | 57.5× | 0.002 | BRAF, FGFR1, NF1 |
| replicative senescence | 2 | 247.8× | 0.003 | TERT, CDKN2A |
| negative regulation of cell-matrix adhesion | 2 | 221.7× | 0.003 | CDKN2A, NF1 |
| positive regulation of stem cell proliferation | 2 | 131.7× | 0.006 | TERT, FGFR1 |
| negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process | 2 | 123.9× | 0.006 | BRAF, TERT |
| positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation | 2 | 108.0× | 0.007 | TERT, NF1 |
| RNA-templated transcription | 1 | 2106.5× | 0.007 | TERT |
| DNA strand elongation | 1 | 2106.5× | 0.007 | TERT |
| positive regulation of mast cell apoptotic process | 1 | 2106.5× | 0.007 | NF1 |
| regulation of glial cell differentiation | 1 | 2106.5× | 0.007 | NF1 |
| observational learning | 1 | 2106.5× | 0.007 | NF1 |
| siRNA transcription | 1 | 2106.5× | 0.007 | TERT |
| positive regulation of transdifferentiation | 1 | 2106.5× | 0.007 | TERT |
| thymus development | 2 | 84.3× | 0.007 | BRAF, MYB |
| stem cell proliferation | 2 | 78.0× | 0.007 | FGFR1, NF1 |
| visual learning | 2 | 76.6× | 0.007 | BRAF, NF1 |
| positive regulation of miRNA transcription | 2 | 72.6× | 0.007 | TERT, MYB |
| long-term synaptic potentiation | 2 | 70.2× | 0.007 | BRAF, NF1 |
| positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process | 2 | 68.0× | 0.007 | MYB, NF1 |
| somatic stem cell population maintenance | 2 | 62.0× | 0.007 | BRAF, CDKN2A |
| cellular response to hydrogen peroxide | 2 | 58.5× | 0.007 | CDKN2A, MYB |
| Ras protein signal transduction | 2 | 51.4× | 0.009 | CDKN2A, NF1 |
| RNA-templated DNA biosynthetic process | 1 | 1053.2× | 0.009 | TERT |
| nuclear body organization | 1 | 1053.2× | 0.009 | CDKN2A |
| post-embryonic forelimb morphogenesis | 1 | 1053.2× | 0.009 | ATRX |
| positive regulation of hair cycle | 1 | 1053.2× | 0.009 | TERT |
| gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion, neurotransmission | 1 | 1053.2× | 0.009 | NF1 |
| vitamin D3 metabolic process | 1 | 1053.2× | 0.009 | FGFR1 |
| positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication | 1 | 1053.2× | 0.009 | FGFR1 |
Therapeutics
Drug target analysis
Approved (phase 4): 3 · Phase ≥3: 3 · Phased (≥1): 3 · Undrugged: 5
Druggability breadth: 6 of 8 evidence-associated genes (75%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).
Genes with an approved drug
The molecule shown is one approved compound that hits the gene — not necessarily a drug of choice or one indicated for this disease.
| Symbol | Example approved molecule |
|---|---|
| BRAF | VEMURAFENIB |
| TERT | BERBERINE |
| FGFR1 | PONATINIB |
Top cohort targets by molecule count
| Symbol | Molecules | Max phase |
|---|---|---|
| FGFR1 | 93 | 4 |
| BRAF | 48 | 4 |
| TERT | 10 | 4 |
| CDKN2A | 0 | 0 |
| H3-3A | 0 | 0 |
| MYB | 0 | 0 |
| NF1 | 0 | 0 |
| ATRX | 0 | 0 |
Drugs targeting cohort genes (top 30)
| Molecule | Max phase | Targets in cohort |
|---|---|---|
| VEMURAFENIB | 4 | BRAF |
| PONATINIB | 4 | BRAF, FGFR1 |
| FEDRATINIB | 4 | BRAF, FGFR1 |
| SORAFENIB | 4 | BRAF, FGFR1 |
| DASATINIB ANHYDROUS | 4 | BRAF |
| RUXOLITINIB | 4 | BRAF |
| INFIGRATINIB PHOSPHATE | 4 | BRAF, FGFR1 |
| INFIGRATINIB | 4 | BRAF, FGFR1 |
| REGORAFENIB | 4 | BRAF, FGFR1 |
| DABRAFENIB | 4 | BRAF |
| COBIMETINIB | 4 | BRAF |
| NILOTINIB | 4 | BRAF |
| ABEMACICLIB | 4 | BRAF |
| ENCORAFENIB | 4 | BRAF |
| TOVORAFENIB | 4 | BRAF |
| PAZOPANIB | 4 | BRAF, FGFR1 |
| DASATINIB | 4 | BRAF, FGFR1 |
| ERLOTINIB | 4 | BRAF |
| GEFITINIB | 4 | BRAF |
| IMATINIB | 4 | BRAF |
| BERBERINE | 4 | TERT |
| DOXORUBICIN | 4 | TERT |
| PEMIGATINIB | 4 | FGFR1 |
| NINTEDANIB | 4 | FGFR1 |
| TIVOZANIB | 4 | FGFR1 |
| LENVATINIB | 4 | FGFR1 |
| AXITINIB | 4 | FGFR1 |
| NICLOSAMIDE | 4 | FGFR1 |
| ENTRECTINIB | 4 | FGFR1 |
| CABOZANTINIB | 4 | FGFR1 |
Bioactivity and enzyme data
Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 2.
Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)
| Symbol | Assays | Type breakdown |
|---|---|---|
| FGFR1 | 1,465 | Binding:1428, Functional:24, ADMET:13 |
| BRAF | 1,442 | Binding:1400, Functional:37, ADMET:5 |
| TERT | 391 | Binding:389, Functional:2 |
| MYB | 7 | Binding:7 |
| H3-3A | 6 | Binding:6 |
| CDKN2A | 2 | Binding:2 |
Cohort enzymes (BRENDA EC)
| Symbol | EC numbers | Names |
|---|---|---|
| BRAF | 2.7.10.2, 2.7.11.1 | non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase, non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase |
| FGFR1 | 2.7.10.1 | receptor protein-tyrosine kinase |
Cohort genes with high screening signal
≥100 ChEMBL assays — a studied-ness signal; see Therapeutics for approved-drug status.
| Symbol | ChEMBL assays |
|---|---|
| BRAF | 1,442 |
| TERT | 391 |
| FGFR1 | 1,465 |
Pharmacogenomics
Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 8; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.
No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).
Drug repurposing candidates
30 approved/phased drugs hit cohort targets but don’t yet appear in disease-level clinical trials. Target-inhibition rationale is strongest for cancer driver genes; a bioactivity hit is a screening signal, not a treatment claim.
| Compound | Max phase | Cohort target (bioactivity) |
|---|---|---|
| VEMURAFENIB | 4 | BRAF |
| PONATINIB | 4 | BRAF, FGFR1 |
| FEDRATINIB | 4 | BRAF, FGFR1 |
| SORAFENIB | 4 | BRAF, FGFR1 |
| DASATINIB ANHYDROUS | 4 | BRAF |
| RUXOLITINIB | 4 | BRAF |
| INFIGRATINIB PHOSPHATE | 4 | BRAF, FGFR1 |
| INFIGRATINIB | 4 | BRAF, FGFR1 |
| REGORAFENIB | 4 | BRAF, FGFR1 |
| DABRAFENIB | 4 | BRAF |
| COBIMETINIB | 4 | BRAF |
| NILOTINIB | 4 | BRAF |
| ABEMACICLIB | 4 | BRAF |
| ENCORAFENIB | 4 | BRAF |
| TOVORAFENIB | 4 | BRAF |
| PAZOPANIB | 4 | BRAF, FGFR1 |
| DASATINIB | 4 | BRAF, FGFR1 |
| ERLOTINIB | 4 | BRAF |
| GEFITINIB | 4 | BRAF |
| IMATINIB | 4 | BRAF |
| BERBERINE | 4 | TERT |
| DOXORUBICIN | 4 | TERT |
| PEMIGATINIB | 4 | FGFR1 |
| NINTEDANIB | 4 | FGFR1 |
| TIVOZANIB | 4 | FGFR1 |
| LENVATINIB | 4 | FGFR1 |
| AXITINIB | 4 | FGFR1 |
| NICLOSAMIDE | 4 | FGFR1 |
| ENTRECTINIB | 4 | FGFR1 |
| CABOZANTINIB | 4 | FGFR1 |
Druggability pyramid
Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):
| Tier | Definition | Genes | Symbols |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | Approved (phase 4 drug) | 3 | BRAF, TERT, FGFR1 |
| B | Phased (≥1) drug, not yet approved | 0 | |
| C | Druggable family + PDB, no drug | 0 | |
| D | Druggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug | 0 | |
| E | Difficult family or no structure, no drug | 5 | CDKN2A, H3-3A, MYB, NF1, ATRX |
Undrugged target profiles
5 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).
| Symbol | ChEMBL assays | Drugged partners (top 3) |
|---|---|---|
| NF1 | 0 | BRAF |
| CDKN2A | 2 | — |
| H3-3A | 6 | — |
| MYB | 7 | — |
| ATRX | 0 | — |
Clinical trials & evidence
Clinical trials
Clinical trials: 0.
Precision-medicine subtype map (CIViC)
Drug × molecular subtype: 7 predictive associations from 7 curated evidence items; also 8 prognostic, 1 diagnostic.
| Molecular subtype | Therapy | Effect | Level | CIViC |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BRAF V600 OR v::BRAF Fusion | Tovorafenib | Sensitivity/Response | CIViC A | EID12028 |
| BRAF V600E OR KIAA1549::BRAF Fusion | Tovorafenib | Sensitivity/Response | CIViC A | EID12016 |
| BRAF V600 | Dabrafenib | Sensitivity/Response | CIViC B | EID8034 |
| NF1 Mutation | Selumetinib | Sensitivity/Response | CIViC B | EID7487 |
| FAM131B::BRAF Fusion | Everolimus + Trametinib | Sensitivity/Response | CIViC D | EID7198 |
| KIAA1549::BRAF Fusion | Everolimus + Trametinib | Sensitivity/Response | CIViC D | EID7199 |
| KIAA1549::BRAF Fusion | Vemurafenib + PLX4720 | Adverse Response | CIViC D | EID7204 |
Related Atlas pages
- Cohort genes: BRAF, TERT, CDKN2A, FGFR1, H3-3A, MYB, NF1, ATRX
- Drugs: Tovorafenib, Dabrafenib, Selumetinib