Choroid plexus carcinoma

Summary

Choroid plexus carcinoma (MONDO:0016718) is a cancer with 4 cohort genes (4 CIViC-evidence somatic drivers; 5 ClinVar predisposition records) and 8 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include filgrastim and sonidegib.

At a glance

• Classification: Cancer
• Prevalence: 1-9 / 1 000 000 (Europe) [Orphanet-validated]
• Cohort genes: 4
• ClinVar variants: 5
• Clinical trials: 8

Clinical features

Epidemiology

Prevalence records

3 prevalence record(s), Orphanet:

Type	Class	Value	Geography	Validation
Annual incidence	<1 / 1 000 000	0.01	Europe	Validated
Lifetime Prevalence	1-9 / 1 000 000	0.35	Europe	Validated
Point prevalence	1-9 / 1 000 000		Europe	Validated

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

Field	Value
Canonical name	choroid plexus carcinoma
Mondo ID	MONDO:0016718
MeSH	C562943
Orphanet	251899
DOID	DOID:5648
ICD-11	1128449352
NCIT	C4715
SNOMED CT	188292007
UMLS	C0431109
MedGen	96557
GARD	0008238
MedDRA	10067478
Anatomy (UBERON)	UBERON:0001886
Is cancer (heuristic)	yes

Also known as: anaplastic choroid plexus papilloma · cancer of choroid plexus · cancer of the choroid plexus · carcinoma of choroid plexus · carcinoma of the choroid plexus · carcinoma, choroid plexus, malignant · choroid plexus cancer · choroid plexus carcinoma · choroid plexus carcinoma (morphologic abnormality) · malignant neoplasm of choroid plexus · malignant neoplasm of the choroid plexus · malignant tumor of choroid plexus · malignant tumour of choroid plexus

Data availability: 5 ClinVar variants · 1 GenCC gene-disease record · 1 cell line.

Disease family

An umbrella term covering 1 Mondo subtype.

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by etiologic mechanism › cancer or benign tumor › neoplastic disease or syndrome › neoplasm › cancer › cardiovascular cancer › vascular cancer › choroid plexus cancer › choroid plexus carcinoma

Related subtypes (1): choroid plexus meningioma

Subtypes (1): childhood choroid plexus carcinoma

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

No GWAS associations recorded — common-variant (GWAS) studies don’t cover this disease (typical for Mendelian / rare diseases). See the curated gene cohort and Mendelian overlap below.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

ClinVar germline variants

5 retrieved; paginated sample, class counts are floors:

3 other, 2 pathogenic

ClinVar	Variant (HGVS)	Gene	Classification	Review
12347	NM_000546.6(TP53):c.742C>T (p.Arg248Trp)	TP53	Pathogenic	reviewed by expert panel
12384	NM_000546.6(TP53):c.854A>T (p.Glu285Val)	TP53	Pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter
438763	NM_001455.4(FOXO3):c.583A>T (p.Lys195Ter)	FOXO3	other	no assertion criteria provided
438777	NM_000268.4(NF2):c.575A>G (p.Tyr192Cys)	NF2	other	no assertion criteria provided
438779	NM_022455.5(NSD1):c.7147G>T (p.Gly2383Cys)	NSD1	other	no assertion criteria provided

Genes & proteins

Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers

GenCC: 12 · Orphanet: 28 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0

Somatic driver evidence (intOGen + CIViC, cohort fanout)

Gene	intOGen role	Cancer types	CIViC
TP53	LoF	ACC,ALL,AML,ANGS,ANSC,BCC,BL,BLADDER,BLCA,BRCA,CCRCC,CEAD,CESC,CHOL,CHRCC,CLLSLL,COAD,COADREAD,CSCC,DLBCLNOS,EGC,ES,ESCA,ESCC,GB,GBC,GBM,GIST,HCC,HGGNOS,HNSC,LGGNOS,LIPO,LMS,LNM,LUAD,LUSC,MBL,MEL,MLYM,MT,NBL,NETNOS,NHL,NPC,NSCLC,OS,OVT,PAAD,PANCREAS,PAST,PCM,PLMESO,PRAD,PRCC,PROSTATE,RCC,READ,SACA,SARCNOS,SCLC,SIC,SKCM,SKIN,SOFT_TISSUE,STAD,STOMACH,THYM,UCEC,UCS,UTUC,VULVA,WDTC,WT	CIViC #45
NSD1	LoF	BLCA,CEAD,ESCA,HNSC,LUSC,MEL,MLYM,NPC,PAST,STOMACH,UCEC
FOXO3	Act	AML,MBL	CIViC #1926
NF2	LoF	CCRCC,CESC,HCC,HNSC,MEL,OVT,PAAD,PLMESO,PRCC,RCC	CIViC #3870

GenCC gene–disease validity (cohort genes)

the Disease column is the GenCC-asserted condition — a cohort gene’s strongest validity may be for a related predisposition syndrome.

Gene	Classification	Inheritance	Disease	Records
TP53	Supportive	Autosomal dominant	choroid plexus carcinoma	12

Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)

Gene	Orphanet ID	Rare disease
TP53	Orphanet:1333	Familial pancreatic carcinoma
TP53	Orphanet:145	Hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer syndrome
TP53	Orphanet:1501	Adrenocortical carcinoma
TP53	Orphanet:210159	Adult hepatocellular carcinoma
TP53	Orphanet:251576	Gliosarcoma
TP53	Orphanet:251579	Giant cell glioblastoma
TP53	Orphanet:251899	Choroid plexus carcinoma
TP53	Orphanet:2807	Papilloma of choroid plexus
TP53	Orphanet:293199	Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma
TP53	Orphanet:3318	Essential thrombocythemia
TP53	Orphanet:524	Li-Fraumeni syndrome
TP53	Orphanet:52688	Myelodysplastic syndrome
TP53	Orphanet:585909	B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2)
TP53	Orphanet:667662	Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma
TP53	Orphanet:668	Osteosarcoma
TP53	Orphanet:67038	B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia
TP53	Orphanet:70573	Small cell lung cancer
TP53	Orphanet:96253	Cushing disease
TP53	Orphanet:99756	Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma
TP53	Orphanet:99757	Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
NSD1	Orphanet:1627	Deletion 5q35 syndrome
NSD1	Orphanet:228415	5q35 microduplication syndrome
NSD1	Orphanet:3447	Weaver syndrome
NSD1	Orphanet:821	Sotos syndrome
NF2	Orphanet:2495	Meningioma
NF2	Orphanet:634475	Mosaic NF2-related schwannomatosis
NF2	Orphanet:637	Full NF2-related schwannomatosis
NF2	Orphanet:93921	Full schwannomatosis

Cohort genes → proteins

4 cohort genes, 4 distinct canonical proteins.

Evidence partition

Subset	Genes
multi_evidence	4

Cohort genes (full)

Symbol	HGNC	Ensembl	UniProt	Name	Evidence
TP53	HGNC:11998	ENSG00000141510	P04637	Cellular tumor antigen p53	gencc,clinvar
NSD1	HGNC:14234	ENSG00000165671	Q96L73	Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase, H3 lysine-36 specific	clinvar
FOXO3	HGNC:3821	ENSG00000118689	O43524	Forkhead box protein O3	clinvar
NF2	HGNC:7773	ENSG00000186575	P35240	Merlin	clinvar

Cohort function summary

Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.

Symbol	Protein name	Function (lead sentence)
TP53	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Multifunctional transcription factor that induces cell cycle arrest, DNA repair or apoptosis upon binding to its target DNA sequence.
NSD1	Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase, H3 lysine-36 specific	Histone methyltransferase that dimethylates Lys-36 of histone H3 (H3K36me2).
FOXO3	Forkhead box protein O3	Transcriptional activator that recognizes and binds to the DNA sequence 5’-[AG]TAAA[TC]A-3’ and regulates different processes, such as apoptosis and autophagy.
NF2	Merlin	Probable regulator of the Hippo/SWH (Sav/Wts/Hpo) signaling pathway, a signaling pathway that plays a pivotal role in tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis.

Protein-family classification

Druggable: 0 · Difficult: 3 · Unknown: 1 · Druggable fraction: 0.0

Family distribution

Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.

Family	Genes	Fold	FDR
Transcription factor	3	6.2×	0.013
Other/Unknown	1	0.5×	0.962

Per-gene assignment

Symbol	Family	Druggable?	EC	InterPro (top 3)
TP53	Transcription factor	no		p53_tumour_suppressor, p53-like_TF_DNA-bd_sf, p53_tetrameristn
NSD1	Transcription factor	no	2.1.1.357	PWWP_dom, SET_dom, Znf_PHD
FOXO3	Transcription factor	no		Fork_head_dom, TF_fork_head_CS_2, FOXO-TAD
NF2	Other/Unknown	no		FERM_domain, Ez/rad/moesin-like, Moesin_tail_sf

Expression context

Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.

4 cohort genes are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.

Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)

Bucket	Genes
narrow (1-5 tissues)	0
moderate (6-20)	0
broad (>20)	4
unknown	0

Top tissues across cohort

Tissue	Cohort genes
ganglionic eminence	1
tendon of biceps brachii	1
ventricular zone	1
calcaneal tendon	1
colonic epithelium	1
sural nerve	1
cerebellar vermis	1
secondary oocyte	1
trabecular bone tissue	1
dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve	1
endometrium epithelium	1
stromal cell of endometrium	1

Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)

Symbol	Bgee breadth	FANTOM5 breadth	SCXA	Top tissues
TP53	223	ubiquitous	marker	ventricular zone, ganglionic eminence, tendon of biceps brachii
NSD1	235	ubiquitous	marker	sural nerve, colonic epithelium, calcaneal tendon
FOXO3	288	ubiquitous	marker	secondary oocyte, trabecular bone tissue, cerebellar vermis
NF2	283	ubiquitous	marker	endometrium epithelium, stromal cell of endometrium, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve

Protein interactions among cohort

Intra-cohort edges: 1.

Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)

Symbol	Interactor count
TP53	22,736
FOXO3	4,989
NF2	3,208
NSD1	2,979

Intra-cohort edges

A	B	Sources
FOXO3	TP53	string_interaction

Structural data

PDB: 4 · AlphaFold-only: 0 · No structure: 0

Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)

Symbol	UniProt	PDB entries
TP53	P04637	313
FOXO3	O43524	7
NF2	P35240	6
NSD1	Q96L73	4

Function

Pathway analysis

Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 70. Enrichment computed across 4 evidence-associated genes (4 with Reactome annotation).

Pathways by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 4 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

Pathway	Cohort genes	Fold	FDR	Sample cohort genes
Loss of function of TP53 in cancer due to loss of tetramerization ability	1	2855.0×	0.016	TP53
Regulation of TP53 Expression	1	1427.5×	0.016	TP53
Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 signaling	2	51.4×	0.016	TP53, FOXO3
Transcriptional activation of cell cycle inhibitor p21	1	713.8×	0.017	TP53
RUNX3 regulates BCL2L11 (BIM) transcription	1	571.0×	0.017	FOXO3
Activation of NOXA and translocation to mitochondria	1	475.8×	0.017	TP53
RUNX3 regulates CDKN1A transcription	1	407.9×	0.017	TP53
PI5P Regulates TP53 Acetylation	1	317.2×	0.017	TP53
Activation of PUMA and translocation to mitochondria	1	285.5×	0.017	TP53
AKT phosphorylates targets in the nucleus	1	285.5×	0.017	FOXO3
Regulation of FOXO transcriptional activity by acetylation	1	285.5×	0.017	FOXO3
TP53 Regulates Transcription of Caspase Activators and Caspases	1	237.9×	0.017	TP53
TP53 Regulates Transcription of Death Receptors and Ligands	1	237.9×	0.017	TP53
Regulation of localization of FOXO transcription factors	1	237.9×	0.017	FOXO3
Urea cycle	1	219.6×	0.017	TP53
Regulation of TP53 Activity through Association with Co-factors	1	203.9×	0.017	TP53
TP53 regulates transcription of several additional cell death genes whose specific roles in p53-dependent apoptosis remain uncertain	1	190.3×	0.017	TP53
Stabilization of p53	1	190.3×	0.017	TP53
TP53 Regulates Transcription of Genes Involved in G1 Cell Cycle Arrest	1	178.4×	0.017	TP53
FOXO-mediated transcription of cell death genes	1	178.4×	0.017	FOXO3
Formation of Senescence-Associated Heterochromatin Foci (SAHF)	1	167.9×	0.017	TP53
FOXO-mediated transcription of cell cycle genes	1	167.9×	0.017	FOXO3
Zygotic genome activation (ZGA)	1	167.9×	0.017	TP53
Regulation of NF-kappa B signaling	1	158.6×	0.017	TP53
TP53 Regulates Transcription of Genes Involved in G2 Cell Cycle Arrest	1	150.3×	0.017	TP53
Mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt)	1	150.3×	0.017	FOXO3
SUMOylation of transcription factors	1	142.8×	0.017	TP53
RHO GTPases activate PAKs	1	135.9×	0.017	NF2
TP53 Regulates Transcription of Genes Involved in Cytochrome C Release	1	135.9×	0.017	TP53
Regulation of TP53 Activity through Methylation	1	135.9×	0.017	TP53

GO biological processes by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 4 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

GO term	Cohort genes	Fold	FDR	Sample cohort genes
regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation	2	842.6×	3e-04	FOXO3, NF2
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator	2	179.3×	0.002	TP53, FOXO3
cellular response to glucose starvation	2	168.5×	0.002	TP53, FOXO3
tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway	2	165.2×	0.002	TP53, FOXO3
positive regulation of miRNA transcription	2	145.3×	0.002	TP53, FOXO3
positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process	2	135.9×	0.002	TP53, FOXO3
regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	1	4213.0×	0.003	NSD1
negative regulation of helicase activity	1	4213.0×	0.003	TP53
cellular response to actinomycin D	1	4213.0×	0.003	TP53
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator	1	4213.0×	0.003	TP53
regulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	1	4213.0×	0.003	NSD1
negative regulation of G1 to G0 transition	1	4213.0×	0.003	TP53
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	3	21.0×	0.003	TP53, NSD1, FOXO3
initiation of primordial ovarian follicle growth	1	2106.5×	0.004	FOXO3
positive regulation of muscle atrophy	1	2106.5×	0.004	FOXO3
positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability	1	2106.5×	0.004	TP53
cellular response to corticosterone stimulus	1	2106.5×	0.004	FOXO3
oligodendrocyte apoptotic process	1	2106.5×	0.004	TP53
negative regulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate	1	2106.5×	0.004	TP53
negative regulation of pentose-phosphate shunt	1	2106.5×	0.004	TP53
cellular response to hypoxia	2	60.6×	0.004	TP53, FOXO3
negative regulation of cell migration	2	55.8×	0.004	FOXO3, NF2
Schwann cell proliferation	1	1404.3×	0.004	NF2
regulation of gliogenesis	1	1404.3×	0.004	NF2
obsolete homolactic fermentation	1	1404.3×	0.004	TP53
signal transduction by p53 class mediator	1	1404.3×	0.004	TP53
negative regulation of miRNA processing	1	1404.3×	0.004	TP53
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hypoxia	1	1404.3×	0.004	TP53
response to water-immersion restraint stress	1	1404.3×	0.004	FOXO3
regulation of fibroblast apoptotic process	1	1404.3×	0.004	TP53

Therapeutics

Drug target analysis

Approved (phase 4): 2 · Phase ≥3: 2 · Phased (≥1): 2 · Undrugged: 2

Druggability breadth: 3 of 4 evidence-associated genes (75%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).

Genes with an approved drug

The molecule shown is one approved compound that hits the gene — not necessarily a drug of choice or one indicated for this disease.

Symbol	Example approved molecule
TP53	NITROFURANTOIN
NSD1	VENETOCLAX

Top cohort targets by molecule count

Symbol	Molecules	Max phase
TP53	196	4
NSD1	7	4
FOXO3	0	0
NF2	0	0

Drugs targeting cohort genes (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Targets in cohort
NITROFURANTOIN	4	TP53
DIOSMIN	4	TP53
VERTEPORFIN	4	TP53
CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL	4	TP53
DIENESTROL	4	TP53
CLOTRIMAZOLE	4	TP53
COLCHICINE	4	TP53
NABUMETONE	4	TP53
SALMETEROL XINAFOATE	4	TP53
AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE	4	TP53
FURAZOLIDONE	4	TP53
AMOXAPINE	4	TP53
RALOXIFENE HYDROCHLORIDE	4	TP53
NICARDIPINE HYDROCHLORIDE	4	TP53
SULCONAZOLE NITRATE	4	TP53
PYRITHIONE ZINC	4	TP53
LACTIC ACID	4	TP53
OXYMETHOLONE	4	TP53
CHLOROXINE	4	TP53
PROPIOLACTONE	4	TP53
CLOMIPRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE	4	TP53
PHENYL AMINOSALICYLATE	4	TP53
THIORIDAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE	4	TP53
AMITRIPTYLINE HYDROCHLORIDE	4	TP53
ETHOPROPAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE	4	TP53
MECHLORETHAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE	4	TP53
ECONAZOLE NITRATE	4	TP53
TRIFLUPROMAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE	4	TP53
PROCHLORPERAZINE EDISYLATE	4	TP53
DEQUALINIUM CHLORIDE	4	TP53

Bioactivity and enzyme data

Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 1.

Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)

Symbol	Assays	Type breakdown
TP53	869	Binding:775, ADMET:83, Functional:10, Toxicity:1
NSD1	90	Binding:90
FOXO3	19	Binding:19

Cohort enzymes (BRENDA EC)

Symbol	EC numbers	Names
NSD1	2.1.1.357, 2.1.1.362	[histone H3]-lysine36 N-dimethyltransferase, [histone H4]-N-methyl-L-lysine20 N-methyltransferase

Cohort genes with high screening signal

≥100 ChEMBL assays — a studied-ness signal; see Therapeutics for approved-drug status.

Symbol	ChEMBL assays
TP53	869

Pharmacogenomics

Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 4; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.

No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).

Drug repurposing candidates

30 approved/phased drugs hit cohort targets but don’t yet appear in disease-level clinical trials. Target-inhibition rationale is strongest for cancer driver genes; a bioactivity hit is a screening signal, not a treatment claim.

Compound	Max phase	Cohort target (bioactivity)
NITROFURANTOIN	4	TP53
DIOSMIN	4	TP53
VERTEPORFIN	4	TP53
CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL	4	TP53
DIENESTROL	4	TP53
CLOTRIMAZOLE	4	TP53
COLCHICINE	4	TP53
NABUMETONE	4	TP53
SALMETEROL XINAFOATE	4	TP53
AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE	4	TP53
FURAZOLIDONE	4	TP53
AMOXAPINE	4	TP53
RALOXIFENE HYDROCHLORIDE	4	TP53
NICARDIPINE HYDROCHLORIDE	4	TP53
SULCONAZOLE NITRATE	4	TP53
PYRITHIONE ZINC	4	TP53
LACTIC ACID	4	TP53
OXYMETHOLONE	4	TP53
CHLOROXINE	4	TP53
PROPIOLACTONE	4	TP53
CLOMIPRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE	4	TP53
PHENYL AMINOSALICYLATE	4	TP53
THIORIDAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE	4	TP53
AMITRIPTYLINE HYDROCHLORIDE	4	TP53
ETHOPROPAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE	4	TP53
MECHLORETHAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE	4	TP53
ECONAZOLE NITRATE	4	TP53
TRIFLUPROMAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE	4	TP53
PROCHLORPERAZINE EDISYLATE	4	TP53
DEQUALINIUM CHLORIDE	4	TP53

Druggability pyramid

Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):

Tier	Definition	Genes	Symbols
A	Approved (phase 4 drug)	2	TP53, NSD1
B	Phased (≥1) drug, not yet approved	0
C	Druggable family + PDB, no drug	0
D	Druggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug	0
E	Difficult family or no structure, no drug	2	FOXO3, NF2

Undrugged target profiles

2 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).

Symbol	ChEMBL assays	Drugged partners (top 3)
FOXO3	19	—
NF2	0	—

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 8.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

Phase	Trials
PHASE1	6
Not specified	2

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT03500991	PHASE1	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	HER2-specific CAR T Cell Locoregional Immunotherapy for HER2-positive Recurrent/Refractory Pediatric CNS Tumors
NCT04185038	PHASE1	RECRUITING	Study of B7-H3-Specific CAR T Cell Locoregional Immunotherapy for Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma/Diffuse Midline Glioma and Recurrent or Refractory Pediatric Central Nervous System Tumors
NCT03434262	PHASE1	COMPLETED	SJDAWN: St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Phase 1 Study Evaluating Molecularly-Driven Doublet Therapies for Children and Young Adults With Recurrent Brain Tumors
NCT03638167	PHASE1	COMPLETED	EGFR806-specific CAR T Cell Locoregional Immunotherapy for EGFR-positive Recurrent or Refractory Pediatric CNS Tumors
NCT04521946	PHASE1	WITHDRAWN	Chemotherapy and Donor Stem Transplant for the Treatment of Patients With High Grade Brain Cancer
NCT04994977	PHASE1	TERMINATED	Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy for Newly Diagnosed, Residual, or Recurrent Atypical Choroid Plexus Papilloma and Choroid Plexus Carcinoma Prior to Second-Look Surgery
NCT03050268	Not specified	RECRUITING	Familial Investigations of Childhood Cancer Predisposition
NCT05934630	Not specified	TERMINATED	Testing Cerebrospinal Fluid for Cell-free Tumor DNA in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults With Brain Tumors

Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Trials referencing
FILGRASTIM	4	1
SONIDEGIB	4	1