Colorectal neoplasm

Summary

Colorectal neoplasm (MONDO:0005335) is a cancer (an umbrella term covering 9 Mondo subtypes) with 1 cohort gene (1 CIViC-evidence somatic driver; 1 ClinVar predisposition record) and 722 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include cetuximab, irinotecan, and pembrolizumab.

At a glance

• Classification: Cancer
• Umbrella term: 9 Mondo subtypes
• Cohort genes: 1
• ClinVar variants: 1
• Clinical trials: 722

Clinical features

No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

Field	Value
Canonical name	colorectal neoplasm
Mondo ID	MONDO:0005335
EFO	EFO:0004142
MeSH	D015179
NCIT	C2956
UMLS	C0009404
MedGen	3171
Anatomy (UBERON)	UBERON:0012652
Is cancer (heuristic)	yes

Also known as: colorectal neoplasm · colorectal tumor · colorectal tumour · colorectum neoplasm · colorectum neoplasm (disease) · colorectum tumor · colorectum tumour · large bowel neoplasm · large bowel tumor · large bowel tumour · large intestinal neoplasm · large intestine neoplasm · large intestine tumor · large intestine tumour · neoplasm of colorectum · neoplasm of large bowel · neoplasm of the large bowel · tumor of colorectum · tumor of large bowel · tumor of the large bowel (+3 more)

Data availability: 1 ClinVar variant.

Disease family

An umbrella term covering 9 Mondo subtypes.

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › digestive system disorder › intestinal disorder › intestinal neoplasm › colorectal neoplasm

Related subtypes (5): intestinal neuroendocrine neoplasm, intestinal benign neoplasm, small intestine neoplasm, intestinal cancer, epithelial tumor of anal canal

Subtypes (9): rectal neoplasm, colorectal leiomyoma, colonic neoplasm, colorectal adenoma, colorectal cancer, colorectal gastrointestinal stromal tumor, colorectal hamartoma, colorectal neuroendocrine tumor G1, small intestinal intraepithelial neoplasia

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

No GWAS associations recorded — common-variant (GWAS) studies don’t cover this disease (typical for Mendelian / rare diseases). See the curated gene cohort and Mendelian overlap below.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

ClinVar germline variants

1 retrieved; paginated sample, class counts are floors:

1 pathogenic

ClinVar	Variant (HGVS)	Gene	Classification	Review
162793	NM_004333.6(BRAF):c.1794_1796dup (p.Thr599dup)	BRAF	Pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Genes & proteins

Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers

GenCC: 0 · Orphanet: 11 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0

Somatic driver evidence (intOGen + CIViC, cohort fanout)

Gene	intOGen role	Cancer types	CIViC
BRAF	Act	BLCA,BRCA,CHOL,CLLSLL,COAD,COADREAD,CSCC,DLBCLNOS,GBM,GIST,HGGNOS,LGGNOS,LUAD,MEL,MLYM,NSCLC,OVT,PAST,PCM,PRAD,PRCC,PROSTATE,READ,SACA,SKCM,STAD,UCEC,WDTC	CIViC #5

Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)

Gene	Orphanet ID	Rare disease
BRAF	Orphanet:1340	Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome
BRAF	Orphanet:146	Differentiated thyroid carcinoma
BRAF	Orphanet:251615	Pilomyxoid astrocytoma
BRAF	Orphanet:389	Langerhans cell histiocytosis
BRAF	Orphanet:500	Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines
BRAF	Orphanet:54595	Craniopharyngioma
BRAF	Orphanet:58017	Classic hairy cell leukemia
BRAF	Orphanet:626	Large/giant congenital melanocytic nevus
BRAF	Orphanet:648	Noonan syndrome
BRAF	Orphanet:840	Syringocystadenoma papilliferum
BRAF	Orphanet:96253	Cushing disease

Cohort genes → proteins

1 cohort genes, 1 distinct canonical proteins.

Evidence partition

Subset	Genes
multi_evidence	1

Cohort genes (full)

Symbol	HGNC	Ensembl	UniProt	Name	Evidence
BRAF	HGNC:1097	ENSG00000157764	P15056	Serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf	clinvar

Cohort function summary

Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.

Symbol	Protein name	Function (lead sentence)
BRAF	Serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf	Protein kinase involved in the transduction of mitogenic signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus.

Protein-family classification

Druggable: 1 · Difficult: 0 · Unknown: 0 · Druggable fraction: 1.0

Family distribution

Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.

Family	Genes	Fold	FDR
Kinase	1	27.7×	0.036

Per-gene assignment

Symbol	Family	Druggable?	EC	InterPro (top 3)
BRAF	Kinase	yes	2.7.10.2	Prot_kinase_dom, Ser-Thr/Tyr_kinase_cat_dom, PKC_DAG/PE

Expression context

Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.

1 cohort gene are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.

Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)

Bucket	Genes
narrow (1-5 tissues)	0
moderate (6-20)	0
broad (>20)	1
unknown	0

Top tissues across cohort

Tissue	Cohort genes
buccal mucosa cell	1
calcaneal tendon	1
colonic epithelium	1

Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)

Symbol	Bgee breadth	FANTOM5 breadth	SCXA	Top tissues
BRAF	265	ubiquitous	marker	buccal mucosa cell, colonic epithelium, calcaneal tendon

Protein interactions among cohort

Intra-cohort edges: 0.

Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)

Symbol	Interactor count
BRAF	7,394

Structural data

PDB: 1 · AlphaFold-only: 0 · No structure: 0

Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)

Symbol	UniProt	PDB entries
BRAF	P15056	131

Function

Pathway analysis

Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 39. Enrichment computed across 1 evidence-associated genes (1 with Reactome annotation).

Pathways by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 1 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

Pathway	Cohort genes	Fold	FDR	Sample cohort genes
Signaling by MRAS-complex mutants	1	2855.0×	0.004	BRAF
Signalling to p38 via RIT and RIN	1	2284.0×	0.004	BRAF
Negative feedback regulation of MAPK pathway	1	1903.3×	0.004	BRAF
ARMS-mediated activation	1	1631.4×	0.004	BRAF
Prolonged ERK activation events	1	1427.5×	0.004	BRAF
SHOC2 M1731 mutant abolishes MRAS complex function	1	1427.5×	0.004	BRAF
Gain-of-function MRAS complexes activate RAF signaling	1	1427.5×	0.004	BRAF
Signaling by FGFR3	1	1142.0×	0.004	BRAF
Signaling by FGFR4	1	1038.2×	0.004	BRAF
Frs2-mediated activation	1	951.7×	0.004	BRAF
Signaling by FGFR1	1	815.7×	0.004	BRAF
Spry regulation of FGF signaling	1	713.8×	0.005	BRAF
Signalling to ERKs	1	601.0×	0.005	BRAF
Negative regulation of FGFR3 signaling	1	439.2×	0.005	BRAF
Signaling by RAS mutants	1	423.0×	0.005	BRAF
Negative regulation of FGFR4 signaling	1	407.9×	0.005	BRAF
Signaling by FGFR2	1	407.9×	0.005	BRAF
Negative regulation of FGFR1 signaling	1	368.4×	0.005	BRAF
Negative regulation of FGFR2 signaling	1	368.4×	0.005	BRAF
Signaling by FGFR	1	346.1×	0.005	BRAF
RAF activation	1	335.9×	0.005	BRAF
Signaling by high-kinase activity BRAF mutants	1	317.2×	0.005	BRAF
MAP2K and MAPK activation	1	285.5×	0.005	BRAF
Signaling by RAF1 mutants	1	278.5×	0.005	BRAF
Negative regulation of MAPK pathway	1	265.6×	0.005	BRAF
Signaling by moderate kinase activity BRAF mutants	1	253.8×	0.005	BRAF
Paradoxical activation of RAF signaling by kinase inactive BRAF	1	253.8×	0.005	BRAF
Signaling downstream of RAS mutants	1	253.8×	0.005	BRAF
Oncogenic MAPK signaling	1	248.3×	0.005	BRAF
Signaling by NTRK1 (TRKA)	1	196.9×	0.007	BRAF

GO biological processes by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 1 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

GO term	Cohort genes	Fold	FDR	Sample cohort genes
CD4-positive or CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment	1	5617.3×	0.003	BRAF
positive regulation of axon regeneration	1	3370.4×	0.003	BRAF
negative regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis	1	3370.4×	0.003	BRAF
CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation	1	2808.7×	0.003	BRAF
myeloid progenitor cell differentiation	1	2407.4×	0.003	BRAF
positive regulation of D-glucose transmembrane transport	1	2106.5×	0.003	BRAF
head morphogenesis	1	2106.5×	0.003	BRAF
establishment of protein localization to membrane	1	1872.4×	0.003	BRAF
negative regulation of fibroblast migration	1	1532.0×	0.003	BRAF
endothelial cell apoptotic process	1	1296.3×	0.003	BRAF
regulation of T cell differentiation	1	1203.7×	0.003	BRAF
face development	1	802.5×	0.003	BRAF
synaptic vesicle exocytosis	1	766.0×	0.003	BRAF
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	1	766.0×	0.003	BRAF
stress fiber assembly	1	766.0×	0.003	BRAF
postsynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	1	674.1×	0.004	BRAF
positive regulation of axonogenesis	1	581.1×	0.004	BRAF
thyroid gland development	1	543.6×	0.004	BRAF
negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process	1	495.6×	0.004	BRAF
T cell differentiation in thymus	1	411.0×	0.005	BRAF
positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading	1	374.5×	0.005	BRAF
substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading	1	343.9×	0.005	BRAF
thymus development	1	337.0×	0.005	BRAF
ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	1	318.0×	0.005	BRAF
positive regulation of stress fiber assembly	1	312.1×	0.005	BRAF
visual learning	1	306.4×	0.005	BRAF
long-term synaptic potentiation	1	280.9×	0.005	BRAF
epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway	1	247.8×	0.006	BRAF
somatic stem cell population maintenance	1	247.8×	0.006	BRAF
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus	1	240.7×	0.006	BRAF

Therapeutics

Drugs indicated for this disease

16 approved, 72 in late-stage (phase 3) trials. Disease-direct ChEMBL indications, not inferred from the associated-gene cohort below.

Drug	Development status
Aflibercept	Approved (phase 4)
Arcitumomab	Approved (phase 4)
Bevacizumab	Approved (phase 4)
Capecitabine	Approved (phase 4)
Celecoxib	Approved (phase 4)
Cetuximab	Approved (phase 4)
Encorafenib	Approved (phase 4)
Fruquintinib	Approved (phase 4)
Ipilimumab	Approved (phase 4)
Levoleucovorin	Approved (phase 4)
Nivolumab	Approved (phase 4)
Panitumumab	Approved (phase 4)
Regorafenib	Approved (phase 4)
Trifluridine	Approved (phase 4)
Tucatinib	Approved (phase 4)
Votumumab	Approved (phase 4)
Arfolitixorin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Ascorbic Acid	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Aspirin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Atezolizumab	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Bcg Vaccine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Bermekimab	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Brivanib Alaninate	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Calcium	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Carboplatin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Cefmetazole	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Cholecalciferol	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Cisplatin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Cobimetinib	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Cyclosporine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Dalantercept	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Dalteparin Sodium	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Dexamethasone	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Dexmedetomidine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Eflornithine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Eniluracil	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Erlotinib	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Etodolac	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Etoposide	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Favezelimab	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Floxuridine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Fluorouracil	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Folic Acid	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Gimeracil	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Glutamine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Heparin Sodium	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Interferon Alfa	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Irinotecan	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Lenvatinib	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Lidocaine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Maltol	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Mebendazole	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Melphalan	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Metformin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Metronidazole	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Mitomycin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Monosialotetrahexosylganglioside Sodium	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Napabucasin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Nintedanib	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Nitrogen	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Nitrous Oxide	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Oteracil	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Oxaliplatin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 3350	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Pembrolizumab	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Perifosine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Propranolol	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Raltitrexed	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Ramucirumab	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Relatlimab	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Rivoceranib	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Rofecoxib	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Rosuvastatin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Semaxanib	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Semustine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Simethicone	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Simvastatin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Sintilimab	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Sotorasib	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Sulindac	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Tegafur	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Thalidomide	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Tipiracil	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Trastuzumab	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Uracil	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Vitamin E	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Xaliproden	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Zanzalintinib	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)

Earlier-phase candidates (phase 2, investigational — efficacy not yet established): 6-O-BENZYLGUANINE, Afatinib, Alectinib, Alpelisib, Amifostine, Andrographolide, Artesunate, Avelumab, Avutometinib, Axitinib, Balstilimab, Becatecarin, Binimetinib, Bortezomib, Botensilimab, Brivanib, Cabazitaxel, Cabozantinib, Cadonilimab, Camrelizumab, Carmustine, Catequentinib, Cediranib, Cemiplimab, Curcumin, Defactinib, Denosumab, Disitamab Vedotin, Duloxetine, Durvalumab, Edrecolomab, Elacytarabine, Endostatin, Endostatin, N-Terminal-Mggshhhhh, Envafolimab, Enzastaurin, Erfonrilimab, Etirinotecan Pegol, Everolimus, Exisulind, Fianlimab, Figitumumab, Filgrastim, Fludeoxyglucose, G17DT IMMUNOGEN, Gefitinib, Gemcitabine, Ginger, Hydroxychloroquine, Icosapent, Incomplete Freund’S Adjuvant, Influenza Virus Vaccine, Irofulven, Ixabepilone, Izalontamab, Lamivudine, Lapatinib, Lenalidomide, Leronlimab, Levocetirizine, Mesalamine, Methotrexate, Minocycline, Monalizumab, Nibrozetone, Niclosamide, Nimotuzumab, Nogapendekin Alfa, Olaparib, Oleclumab, Omeprazole, Onartuzumab, Osimertinib, Paclitaxel, Pacritinib, Panobinostat, Pegfilgrastim, Pemetrexed, Penpulimab, Pentamidine, Pertuzumab, Prolgolimab, Pyridoxine, Pyrotinib, Quavonlimab, Romidepsin, Rubitecan, Sargramostim, Selenomethionine, Selumetinib, Serplulimab, Sorafenib, Sunitinib, Surufatinib, Temozolomide, Tepotinib, Tetanus Toxoid, Tipifarnib, Tislelizumab, Tivozanib, Tocotrienol, Toripalimab, Trametinib, Trastuzumab Deruxtecan, Tremelimumab, Tretinoin, Tucidinostat, Ursodiol, Vandetanib, Veliparib, Vemurafenib, Vibostolimab, Vicriviroc, Vorinostat, Zibotentan.

Drug target analysis

Approved (phase 4): 1 · Phase ≥3: 1 · Phased (≥1): 1 · Undrugged: 0

Druggability breadth: 1 of 1 evidence-associated genes (100%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).

Genes with an approved drug

The molecule shown is one approved compound that hits the gene — not necessarily a drug of choice or one indicated for this disease.

Symbol	Example approved molecule
BRAF	VEMURAFENIB

Top cohort targets by molecule count

Symbol	Molecules	Max phase
BRAF	48	4

Drugs targeting cohort genes (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Targets in cohort
VEMURAFENIB	4	BRAF
PONATINIB	4	BRAF
FEDRATINIB	4	BRAF
SORAFENIB	4	BRAF
DASATINIB ANHYDROUS	4	BRAF
RUXOLITINIB	4	BRAF
INFIGRATINIB PHOSPHATE	4	BRAF
INFIGRATINIB	4	BRAF
REGORAFENIB	4	BRAF
DABRAFENIB	4	BRAF
COBIMETINIB	4	BRAF
NILOTINIB	4	BRAF
ABEMACICLIB	4	BRAF
ENCORAFENIB	4	BRAF
TOVORAFENIB	4	BRAF
PAZOPANIB	4	BRAF
DASATINIB	4	BRAF
ERLOTINIB	4	BRAF
GEFITINIB	4	BRAF
IMATINIB	4	BRAF
MASITINIB	3	BRAF
AVUTOMETINIB	3	BRAF
NAPORAFENIB	3	BRAF
QUERCETIN	3	BRAF
MOTESANIB	3	BRAF
DORAMAPIMOD	2	BRAF
FORETINIB	2	BRAF
REBASTINIB	2	BRAF
CEP-32496	2	BRAF
BAFETINIB	2	BRAF

Bioactivity and enzyme data

Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 1.

Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)

Symbol	Assays	Type breakdown
BRAF	1,442	Binding:1400, Functional:37, ADMET:5

Cohort enzymes (BRENDA EC)

Symbol	EC numbers	Names
BRAF	2.7.10.2, 2.7.11.1	non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase, non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase

Cohort genes with high screening signal

≥100 ChEMBL assays — a studied-ness signal; see Therapeutics for approved-drug status.

Symbol	ChEMBL assays
BRAF	1,442

Pharmacogenomics

Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 1; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.

No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).

Drug repurposing candidates

29 approved/phased drugs hit cohort targets but don’t yet appear in disease-level clinical trials. Target-inhibition rationale is strongest for cancer driver genes; a bioactivity hit is a screening signal, not a treatment claim.

Compound	Max phase	Cohort target (bioactivity)
VEMURAFENIB	4	BRAF
PONATINIB	4	BRAF
FEDRATINIB	4	BRAF
SORAFENIB	4	BRAF
DASATINIB ANHYDROUS	4	BRAF
RUXOLITINIB	4	BRAF
INFIGRATINIB PHOSPHATE	4	BRAF
INFIGRATINIB	4	BRAF
DABRAFENIB	4	BRAF
COBIMETINIB	4	BRAF
NILOTINIB	4	BRAF
ABEMACICLIB	4	BRAF
ENCORAFENIB	4	BRAF
TOVORAFENIB	4	BRAF
PAZOPANIB	4	BRAF
DASATINIB	4	BRAF
ERLOTINIB	4	BRAF
GEFITINIB	4	BRAF
IMATINIB	4	BRAF
MASITINIB	3	BRAF
AVUTOMETINIB	3	BRAF
NAPORAFENIB	3	BRAF
QUERCETIN	3	BRAF
MOTESANIB	3	BRAF
DORAMAPIMOD	2	BRAF
FORETINIB	2	BRAF
REBASTINIB	2	BRAF
CEP-32496	2	BRAF
BAFETINIB	2	BRAF

Druggability pyramid

Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):

Tier	Definition	Genes	Symbols
A	Approved (phase 4 drug)	1	BRAF
B	Phased (≥1) drug, not yet approved	0
C	Druggable family + PDB, no drug	0
D	Druggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug	0
E	Difficult family or no structure, no drug	0

Undrugged target profiles

0 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 722.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

Phase	Trials
Not specified	401
PHASE2	132
PHASE1	57
PHASE3	53
PHASE1/PHASE2	45
PHASE4	20
PHASE2/PHASE3	11
EARLY_PHASE1	3

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT04281667	PHASE4	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Mechanical Bowel Preparation and Oral Antibiotics Versus Mechanical Bowel Preparation Only Prior Rectal Surgery
NCT05148494	PHASE4	RECRUITING	TES RCT Fleet Enema vs Oral Mechanical Bowel Prep
NCT07158164	PHASE4	RECRUITING	DPYD Pharmacogenomics and Fluoropyrimidine (FP) Dose-Adjustment
NCT00114829	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Preoperative Assessment of Colon Tumor
NCT00134589	PHASE4	COMPLETED	CHOICE: Communicating Health Options Through Information and Cancer Education
NCT00140036	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Pharmacogenomics Blood Sampling Protocol For Irinotecan/Fluorouracil/Leucovorin(CPT-11/FU/LV).
NCT00168987	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Influence of an Oral Nutritional Supplement Rich in Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Functional State and Quality of Life in Malnourished Patients With Gastroenterological Tumors
NCT00199277	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Iron Therapy in Colo-Rectal Neoplasm and Iron Deficiency Anemia: Intravenous Iron Sucrose Versus Oral Ferrous Sulphate.
NCT00398333	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Study to Assess the Effectiveness of a Omega-3 Enriched Supplement on Chemotherapy Tolerance in Colon Cancer Patients
NCT00764621	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Health Economic Evaluation of Primovist-enhanced Liver MRI
NCT01564810	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Cetuximab in Combination With Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
NCT01588990	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Translational Study of Bevacizumab in Participants With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
NCT01607255	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Comparative Efficacy of Water & Indigo Carmine vs. Water or Air Method on Adenoma Detection Rate (ADR) - a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)
NCT01700062	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Medium Calorie Parenteral Nutrition on Patients With Gastrointestinal Cancer Undergoing Surgery
NCT01701310	PHASE4	COMPLETED	IVICA: Intravenous Iron in Colorectal Cancer Associated Anaemia
NCT01972490	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Avastin in Combination With Chemotherapy for RAS Mutant Unresectable Colorectal Liver-limited Metastases
NCT01972503	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Intraoperative Intraportal Chemotherapy Combined With Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Stage II and III Colorectal Cancer
NCT02057471	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Intravenous Iron: Measuring Response in Anemic Surgical Patients
NCT02800330	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Effects of the Proton Pump Inhibitor Esomeprazole on the Bioavailability of Regorafenib
NCT02999217	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Intravenous Iron for Correction of Anaemia After Colorectal Surgery
NCT01349881	PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	S0820, Adenoma and Second Primary Prevention Trial
NCT02758951	PHASE2/PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Perioperative Systemic Therapy for Isolated Resectable Colorectal Peritoneal Metastases
NCT02885753	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Systemic Oxaliplatin or Intra-arterial Chemotherapy Combined With LV5FU2 +/- Irinotecan and an Target Therapy in First Line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Restricted to the Liver
NCT03659448	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Performance of SGM-101 for the Delineation of Primary and Recurrent Tumor and Metastases in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Colorectal Cancer
NCT05141721	PHASE2/PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	A Study of a Patient-Specific Neoantigen Vaccine in Combination With Immune Checkpoint Blockade for Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
NCT05239741	PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Study of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) Versus Chemotherapy in Chinese Participants With Stage IV Colorectal Cancer (MK-3475-C66)
NCT05253651	PHASE3	RECRUITING	A Study of Tucatinib With Trastuzumab and mFOLFOX6 Versus Standard of Care Treatment in First-line HER2+ Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
NCT05768178	PHASE2/PHASE3	RECRUITING	DETERMINE Trial Treatment Arm 05: Vemurafenib in Combination With Cobimetinib in Adult Patients With BRAF Positive Cancers.
NCT05770102	PHASE2/PHASE3	RECRUITING	DETERMINE Trial Treatment Arm 02: Atezolizumab in Adult, Paediatric and Teenage/Young Adult Patients With Cancers With High Tumour Mutational Burden (TMB) or Microsatellite Instability-high (MSI-high) or Proven Constitutional Mismatch Repair Deficiency (CMMRD) Disposition
NCT05786716	PHASE2/PHASE3	RECRUITING	DETERMINE Trial Treatment Arm 04: Trastuzumab in Combination With Pertuzumab in Adult, Paediatric and Teenage/Young Adult Patients With Cancers With HER2 Amplification or Activating Mutations
NCT06226857	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Other Oncogene Mutations for Anti-EGFR Efficacy in Patients With Left-sided RAS-wild Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
NCT06662786	PHASE3	RECRUITING	A Study of Amivantamab and mFOLFOX6 or FOLFIRI Versus Cetuximab and mFOLFOX6 or FOLFIRI as First-line Treatment in Participants With KRAS/NRAS and BRAF Wild-type Unresectable or Metastatic Left-sided Colorectal Cancer
NCT06750094	PHASE3	RECRUITING	A Study of Amivantamab and FOLFIRI Versus Cetuximab/Bevacizumab and FOLFIRI in Participants With KRAS/NRAS and BRAF Wild-type Colorectal Cancer Who Have Previously Received Chemotherapy
NCT06857773	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Induction Treatment for Initially Unresectable Colorectal Liver Metastases: Combined Hepatic Arterial Infusion Pump Therapy With Systemic Therapy
NCT07222800	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Symbiotic-GI-03: A Study to Learn About the Study Medicine Called PF-08634404 in Combination With Chemotherapy in Adult Participants With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
NCT07440290	PHASE2/PHASE3	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	DETERMINE Trial Treatment Arm 07: Dabrafenib in Combination With Trametinib in Adult, Paediatric and Teenage/Young Adult Patients With BRAF V600 Mutation-Positive Cancers.
NCT00056446	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Study of Oxaliplatin/5-FU/Leucovorin Plus Vatalanib Versus Oxaliplatin/5-FU/Leucovorin in Patients With Previously Treated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
NCT00056459	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Study of Oxaliplatin/5-FU/Leucovorin Plus Vatalanib Versus Oxaliplatin/5-FU/Leucovorin in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.
NCT00101686	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Trial Of Irinotecan In Combination With Three Methods Of Administration Of Fluoropyrimidine.
NCT00123760	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Study of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FluGlucoScan) in Patients With Cancer or Suspected Cancer

Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Trials referencing
CETUXIMAB	4	25
IRINOTECAN	4	16
PEMBROLIZUMAB	4	10
REGORAFENIB	4	9
TALAPORFIN	4	5
FLOXURIDINE	4	4
LEVOLEUCOVORIN	4	4
NINTEDANIB	4	4
OXALIPLATIN	4	4
PANITUMUMAB	4	4
AFATINIB	4	3
BEVACIZUMAB	4	3
CAPECITABINE	4	3
LEUCOVORIN	4	3
PROPRANOLOL	4	3
AMIVANTAMAB	4	2
AXITINIB	4	2
CALCIUM	4	2
ETODOLAC	4	2
FERRIC CARBOXYMALTOSE	4	2
FLUOROURACIL	4	2
FOLIC ACID	4	2
GLUTAMINE	4	2
INDIGOTINDISULFONATE	4	2
SUNITINIB	4	2
TIPIRACIL	4	2
TRAMETINIB	4	2
TREMELIMUMAB	4	2
TRIFLURIDINE	4	2
AFLIBERCEPT	4	1