Conjunctivitis
diseaseOn this page
Also known as conjunctiva inflammationconjunctivitis (disease)inflammation of conjunctivapink eye
Summary
Conjunctivitis (MONDO:0003799) is a disease (an umbrella term covering 8 Mondo subtypes) with 9 GWAS associations across 24 studies and 37 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include albuterol, loteprednol etabonate, and moxifloxacin. A subtype of conjunctival disorder — broader associated-gene and molecular evidence is on the parent page (see Disease family below).
At a glance
- Umbrella term: 8 Mondo subtypes
- GWAS associations: 9
- Clinical trials: 37
Clinical features
No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.
Identifiers
Disease identifiers
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Canonical name | conjunctivitis |
| Mondo ID | MONDO:0003799 |
| EFO | EFO:0009450 |
| MeSH | D003231 |
| DOID | DOID:6195 |
| ICD-10-CM | H10 |
| ICD-11 | 831696556 |
| NCIT | C34504 |
| SNOMED CT | 9826008 |
| UMLS | C0009763 |
| MedGen | 1093 |
| Is cancer (heuristic) | no |
Also known as: conjunctiva inflammation · conjunctivitis · conjunctivitis (disease) · inflammation of conjunctiva · pink eye
Data availability: 9 GWAS associations (24 studies) · 1 HPO phenotype.
Disease family
This is a subtype of conjunctival disorder. Genetic, therapeutic, and trial evidence is largely curated at the broader-term level — see the parent page for the associated-gene cohort and molecular evidence.
Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › disorder of orbital region › eye adnexa disorder › conjunctival disorder › conjunctivitis
Related subtypes (7): conjunctival degeneration, conjunctival vascular disorder, conjunctival deposit, ocular hyperemia, conjunctivochalasis, conjunctival tumor, ligneous conjunctivitis
Subtypes (8): acute conjunctivitis, blepharoconjunctivitis, papillary conjunctivitis, chronic conjunctivitis, keratoconjunctivitis, rosacea conjunctivitis, bacterial conjunctivitis, viral conjunctivitis
Genetics & variants
GWAS landscape
9 GWAS associations across 24 studies. Top hits map to 2 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).
Top associations by p-value
| rsID | p-value | Gene | Risk allele | Odds ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs1129038 | 5e-12 | HERC2 | C | 0.13 |
| chr5:174428734 | 4e-09 | A | 1.44 | |
| chr6:170256438 | 8e-09 | G | 0.06 | |
| rs191791397 | 1e-08 | LINC02742 | ? | |
| chr2:171632835 | 3e-08 | T | 2.25 | |
| chr6:137731094 | 3e-08 | G | 2.56 | |
| chr2:61239998 | 4e-08 | A | 2.64 | |
| chr4:63626005 | 4e-08 | G | 3.45 | |
| rs117199790 | 2e-07 | MARK2P10 - RN7SL252P | ? |
Top studies (by case count)
| Study | Lead author | Year | Cases | Controls | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GCST90473392 | UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium | 2025 | 22,272 | 436,168 | Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90667764 | UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium | 2025 | 22,272 | 436,168 | Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90475887 | Verma A | 2024 | 9,521 | 427,551 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90477718 | Verma A | 2024 | 9,377 | 417,337 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90079880 | Backman JD | 2021 | 6,700 | 362,087 | Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90083866 | Backman JD | 2021 | 6,700 | 362,087 | Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90726844 | Kim HI | 2026 | 6,454 | 37,572 | Exome sequencing and analysis of 44,028 British South Asians enriched for high autozygosity. |
| GCST90477717 | Verma A | 2024 | 4,134 | 108,275 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90481111 | Verma A | 2024 | 4,134 | 108,275 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90477737 | Verma A | 2024 | 3,911 | 112,860 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers
Tier distribution (top 50 variants)
| Tier | Variants |
|---|---|
| Tier 1: coding | 0 |
| Tier 2: splice/UTR | 1 |
| Tier 3: regulatory | 0 |
| Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | 8 |
MAF distribution
| Bucket | Variants |
|---|---|
| common (>=0.05) | 1 |
| low_freq (0.01-0.05) | 0 |
| rare (<0.01) | 0 |
| unknown | 8 |
Functional consequences
| Consequence | Count |
|---|---|
| unknown | 6 |
| 3_prime_UTR_variant | 1 |
| intron_variant | 1 |
| intergenic_variant | 1 |
Top variants
| rsID | Chr | Pos | Alleles | MAF | Consequence | Gene | p-value | Tier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs1129038 | 15 | 28111713 | C>A,G,T | 0.253 | 3_prime_UTR_variant | HERC2 | 5e-12 | Tier 2: splice/UTR |
| chr5:174428734 | 4e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr6:170256438 | 8e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| rs191791397 | 11 | 28712817 | G>A | intron_variant | LINC02742 | 1e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | |
| chr2:171632835 | 3e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr6:137731094 | 3e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr2:61239998 | 4e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr4:63626005 | 4e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| rs117199790 | 7 | 96883580 | G>A | intergenic_variant | MARK2P10 - RN7SL252P | 2e-07 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
Genes & proteins
No associated-gene cohort resolved for this disease. Atlas builds the molecular and therapeutic sections — associated genes, protein families, druggability, pathways, interactions, and drug associations — by aggregating over a disease’s associated genes (resolved via GWAS / GenCC / ClinVar / CIViC), and none resolved here. This is expected for antibody-mediated, autoimmune, or otherwise non-gene-defined conditions; the curated evidence for this disease is its clinical features, GWAS susceptibility, and clinical trials (above).
Function
No pathway enrichment — requires an associated-gene cohort.
Therapeutics
Drugs indicated for this disease
2 approved, 1 in late-stage (phase 3) trials. Disease-direct ChEMBL indications, not inferred from the associated-gene cohort below.
| Drug | Development status |
|---|---|
| Cyclosporine | Approved (phase 4) |
| Sulfacetamide | Approved (phase 4) |
| Ganciclovir | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
Clinical trials & evidence
Clinical trials
Clinical trials: 37.
Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| Not specified | 18 |
| PHASE3 | 10 |
| PHASE2/PHASE3 | 3 |
| PHASE2 | 3 |
| PHASE4 | 2 |
| PHASE1 | 1 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT00581542 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Moxifloxacin vs. Polytrim for Conjunctivitis |
| NCT00705159 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Safety and Efficacy of Zylet vs Lotemax, Tobramycin and Vehicle in Pediatric Blepharoconjunctivitis |
| NCT00550550 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Efficacy and Safety of Grass Sublingual Tablet in Children and Adolescents (P05239 AM3)(COMPLETED) |
| NCT00562159 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Efficacy and Safety of Grass Sublingual Tablet in Adults (P05238 AM3)(COMPLETED) |
| NCT00567762 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Phase III Study of 0.1% Tacrolimus(FK506) Ophthalmic Suspension in Patients With Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis |
| NCT00567918 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Phase III, Long-Term, Open-Label, Extension Study of 0.1% Tacrolimus(FK506) Ophthalmic Suspension in Patients With Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis |
| NCT00623701 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Efficacy and Safety From a High-dosed Sublingual Grass Pollen Preparation |
| NCT00732446 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Safety/Efficacy of Antibiotic Steroid Combination in Treatment of Blepharitis and/or Keratitis and/or Conjunctivitis |
| NCT00770315 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Efficacy and Long-Term Safety of Ragweed (Ambrosia Artemisiifolia) Sublingual Tablet (SCH 39641) in Adults With a History of Ragweed-Induced Rhinoconjunctivitis With or Without Asthma (Study P05234) |
| NCT00783198 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Efficacy and Long-Term Safety of Ragweed (Ambrosia Artemisiifolia) Sublingual Tablet in Adults With a History of Ragweed-Induced Rhinoconjunctivitis With or Without Asthma (Study P05233)(COMPLETED) |
| NCT01028027 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Loteprednol and Tobramycin Versus Tobramycin and Dexamethasone, in the Treatment of Blepharokeratoconjunctivitis |
| NCT01385371 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | A Study of SCH 697243 in Participants With Grass Pollen Allergy Symptoms, With or Without Asthma (P08067) |
| NCT01600365 | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Evaluate the Use of Ganciclovir Gel 0.3% for the Treatment of Conjunctivitis Caused by Adenovirus |
| NCT02795273 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | WITHDRAWN | Efficacy and Safety of Grass-SPIRE Registration Study |
| NCT04709575 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Study to Assess the Efficacy of Anti-Bet v 1 Monoclonal Antibodies in Adults to Reduce Symptoms of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis |
| NCT00857779 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Study on Pharmacodynamic Parameter and Tolerability With Subcutaneous Immunotherapy in Grass Pollen Allergic Patients |
| NCT00978029 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Safety Study of Ragweed Allergy Immunotherapy Tablet in Subjects 50 Years of Age and Older (Study P06081) |
| NCT05430919 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Efficacy of the Anti-Bet v 1 Monoclonal Antibodies (Given Subcutaneously) to Reduce Allergic Rhinitis and Conjunctivitis Symptoms and Skin Test Reactivity Upon Exposure to Birch Allergen in Adult Participants |
| NCT03519516 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | Safety and Tolerability of the PRO-174 Versus Sophixín Ofteno®, on the Ocular Surface of Healthy Subjects |
| NCT06689397 | Not specified | ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION | Investigating Epstein-Barr Virus Associated Conjunctivitis |
| NCT06771908 | Not specified | RECRUITING | THE ROLE OF HEXAMIDINE DIISETHIONATE (ZAMIDINE®) 1MG/ML 0.6ML EYE DROPS IN THE PROPHYLAXIS OF SURGERY OFTALMIC |
| NCT00001734 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Screening for NEI Clinical Studies |
| NCT00008541 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Evaluation and Treatment of Patients With Corneal and External Diseases |
| NCT00522600 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Eye Drop Use in Glaucoma Patients Through Patient Surveys and Video Observations |
| NCT00921895 | Not specified | COMPLETED | A Comparison of the RPS Adeno Detector IV to Viral Cell Culture at Detecting Adenoviral Conjunctivitis |
| NCT02472223 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Reducing Adenoviral Patient Infected Days |
| NCT02503956 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Perforated Punctal Plugs for Treatment of Papillary Conjunctivitis in Otherwise Healthy Patients |
| NCT03631108 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | Feasibility Study and Preliminary Application Study on Iris OCTA |
| NCT03753893 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Ocular Manifestations in Rheumatic Diseases |
| NCT04287608 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Observational Study of Conjunctivitis in the Setting of DUPIXENT® Treatment for Atopic Dermatitis |
| NCT04346160 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | A Study to Assess the Virus RNA, and miRNA Levels Related to Viral Infection, and Inflammatory Response in Tears of Patients Affected by COVID-19 Disease |
| NCT04374656 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Conjunctival Swab Samples Among Patients With Conjunctivitis During the COVID-19 Pandemic |
| NCT04837534 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Improving the Follow up Rate for Pediatric Patients |
| NCT04984941 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Evaluation of the Role of IgE Responses to Der p 1 and Der p 2 in Chinese House Dust Mite-Allergic Patients |
| NCT06092515 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Efficacy of Zinc Fortified Fermented Wheat Flour |
| NCT06229379 | Not specified | COMPLETED | The Effects of a Large Language Model on Clinical Questioning Skills |
| NCT06469697 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Zanzibar Arts for Children’s Eyesight Pilot Trial |
Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)
| Molecule | Max phase | Trials referencing |
|---|---|---|
| ALBUTEROL | 4 | 2 |
| LOTEPREDNOL ETABONATE | 4 | 2 |
| MOXIFLOXACIN | 4 | 2 |
| OLOPATADINE | 4 | 2 |
| TOBRAMYCIN | 4 | 2 |
| FLUTICASONE PROPIONATE | 4 | 1 |
| GANCICLOVIR | 4 | 1 |
| MOMETASONE FUROATE | 4 | 1 |
| POVIDONE-IODINE | 4 | 1 |
| UMESOLERBART | 3 | 2 |
| FLUTICASONE | 3 | 1 |
| LOTEPREDNOL | 3 | 1 |
| MOMETASONE | 3 | 1 |
| CHEMBL1823688 | 0 | 1 |