Corneal neovascularization
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Summary
Corneal neovascularization (MONDO:0006713) is a disease with 9 GWAS associations across 4 studies and 24 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include bevacizumab and pazopanib. A subtype of keratitis — broader associated-gene and molecular evidence is on the parent page (see Disease family below).
At a glance
- GWAS associations: 9
- Clinical trials: 24
Clinical features
No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.
Identifiers
Disease identifiers
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Canonical name | corneal neovascularization |
| Mondo ID | MONDO:0006713 |
| EFO | EFO:1000880 |
| MeSH | D016510 |
| DOID | DOID:11382 |
| ICD-10-CM | H16.4 |
| ICD-11 | 2077068570 |
| SNOMED CT | 19161004 |
| UMLS | C0085109 |
| MedGen | 43103 |
| MedDRA | 10011031 |
| Is cancer (heuristic) | no |
Data availability: 9 GWAS associations (4 studies).
Disease family
This is a subtype of keratitis. Genetic, therapeutic, and trial evidence is largely curated at the broader-term level — see the parent page for the associated-gene cohort and molecular evidence.
Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › disorder of orbital region › eye disorder › corneal disorder › keratitis › corneal neovascularization
Related subtypes (10): macular keratitis, superficial keratitis, photokeratitis, scleroperikeratitis, filamentary keratitis, corneal ulcer, keratoconjunctivitis, deep keratitis, autosomal dominant keratitis, corneal infection
Subtypes (1): deep corneal vascularisation
Genetics & variants
GWAS landscape
9 GWAS associations across 4 studies. Top hits map to 9 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).
Top associations by p-value
| rsID | p-value | Gene | Risk allele | Odds ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs796256065 | 4e-14 | MSI2 | T | 3.98 |
| rs183640372 | 3e-13 | STK11 | C | 3.19 |
| rs184644914 | 2e-12 | PID1 | G | 3.44 |
| rs184421129 | 2e-12 | ADCY2 | G | 2.2 |
| rs745494800 | 3e-12 | IL17RE | C | 3.24 |
| rs185560321 | 3e-11 | TMEM74 - TRHR | C | 3.37 |
| rs189464266 | 4e-11 | KLF17 | C | 2.93 |
| rs922468689 | 4e-11 | NT5C1B, NT5C1B-RDH14 | G | 2.41 |
| rs571008725 | 4e-11 | PDE1C | T | 3.05 |
Top studies (by case count)
| Study | Lead author | Year | Cases | Controls | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GCST90477724 | Verma A | 2024 | 1,789 | 444,434 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90477723 | Verma A | 2024 | 517 | 119,668 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90480084 | Verma A | 2024 | 517 | 119,668 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90481926 | Verma A | 2024 | 222 | 59,037 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers
Tier distribution (top 50 variants)
| Tier | Variants |
|---|---|
| Tier 1: coding | 0 |
| Tier 2: splice/UTR | 0 |
| Tier 3: regulatory | 0 |
| Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | 9 |
MAF distribution
| Bucket | Variants |
|---|---|
| common (>=0.05) | 0 |
| low_freq (0.01-0.05) | 0 |
| rare (<0.01) | 9 |
| unknown | 0 |
Functional consequences
| Consequence | Count |
|---|---|
| intron_variant | 7 |
| intergenic_variant | 2 |
Top variants
| rsID | Chr | Pos | Alleles | MAF | Consequence | Gene | p-value | Tier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs796256065 | 17 | 57576626 | T>A,G | 0 | intron_variant | MSI2 | 4e-14 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs183640372 | 19 | 1217123 | C>T | 0 | intron_variant | STK11 | 3e-13 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs184644914 | 2 | 228902656 | G>A,T | 0 | intergenic_variant | PID1 | 2e-12 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs184421129 | 5 | 7657283 | G>A | 0.001 | intron_variant | ADCY2 | 2e-12 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs745494800 | 3 | 9904671 | C>T | 0 | intron_variant | IL17RE | 3e-12 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs185560321 | 8 | 108800312 | C>A,T | 0 | intergenic_variant | TMEM74 - TRHR | 3e-11 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs189464266 | 1 | 44125298 | C>T | 0.001 | intron_variant | KLF17 | 4e-11 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs922468689 | 2 | 18577635 | G>A | 0.001 | intron_variant | NT5C1B, NT5C1B-RDH14 | 4e-11 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs571008725 | 7 | 32080599 | T>C,G | 0.001 | intron_variant | PDE1C | 4e-11 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
Genes & proteins
No associated-gene cohort resolved for this disease. Atlas builds the molecular and therapeutic sections — associated genes, protein families, druggability, pathways, interactions, and drug associations — by aggregating over a disease’s associated genes (resolved via GWAS / GenCC / ClinVar / CIViC), and none resolved here. This is expected for antibody-mediated, autoimmune, or otherwise non-gene-defined conditions; the curated evidence for this disease is its clinical features, GWAS susceptibility, and clinical trials (above).
Function
No pathway enrichment — requires an associated-gene cohort.
Therapeutics
Drugs indicated for this disease
0 approved, 2 in late-stage (phase 3) trials. Disease-direct ChEMBL indications, not inferred from the associated-gene cohort below.
| Drug | Development status |
|---|---|
| Bevacizumab | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
| Sodium Chloride | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
Clinical trials & evidence
Clinical trials
Clinical trials: 24.
Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| PHASE1/PHASE2 | 7 |
| PHASE1 | 7 |
| Not specified | 6 |
| PHASE2/PHASE3 | 2 |
| PHASE4 | 1 |
| PHASE2 | 1 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT00797303 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | The Effect of Bevacizumab on Corneal Neovascularization |
| NCT04787471 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | RECRUITING | Corneal Crosslinking for Treatment of Corneal Neovascularization |
| NCT00555594 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Prospective Study to Determine the Effect of Subconjunctival Bevacizumab (AVASTIN) in Corneal Neovascularization |
| NCT07329686 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Clinical Study of Intrastromal Anti-VEGF Injection for Corneal Neovascularization. |
| NCT00915590 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | TERMINATED | Topical IL-1-Ra for Treatment of Corneal Neovascularization |
| NCT00992849 | PHASE2 | UNKNOWN | Bevacizumab for the Treatment of Corneal Neovascularization |
| NCT01072357 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Safety and Efficacy of Bevacizumab in High-Risk Corneal Transplant Survival |
| NCT01257750 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Treatment of Corneal Neovascularization With Topical Pazopanib |
| NCT01996826 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | COMPLETED | A Multi-Center Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Bevacizumab in High-Risk Corneal Transplant Survival |
| NCT02797704 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | TERMINATED | Subconjunctival Aflibercept (EYLEA®) for the Treatment of Corneal Neovascularization |
| NCT05011916 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | UNKNOWN | The Safety and Efficacy of KDR2-2 Suspension Eye Drops in the Treatment of Corneal Neovascularization |
| NCT00559936 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | Topical Avastin for Treatment of Corneal Neovascularization |
| NCT00681889 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | Effectiveness and Safety of Topical Ranibizumab for Treatment of Corneal Neovascularization (NV) |
| NCT00769145 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | Ranibizumab for the Inhibition of Neovascularization in the Cornea Following Corneal Transplant Surgery |
| NCT01868360 | PHASE1 | TERMINATED | Using Aflibercept Injection to Treat Blood Vessel Growth Over the Cornea |
| NCT02042027 | PHASE1 | WITHDRAWN | Subconjunctival IVIg (Gamunex-C) Injection for Corneal Neovascularization and Inflammatory Conditions |
| NCT04215393 | PHASE1 | UNKNOWN | An Exploratory Clinical Trial Evaluating the Tolerability and Efficacy of KH906 in Patients With Corneal Neovascularization |
| NCT04620109 | PHASE1 | UNKNOWN | Clinical Evaluation of Safety and Tolerability of KDR2-2 Eye Drops in Healthy Volunteers With Pharmacokinetic Assessment |
| NCT00004430 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Randomized Study of Photodynamic Therapy Using Dihematoporphyrin in Patients With Corneal Neovascularization |
| NCT00471406 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Photodynamic Therapy With Verteporfin for Corneal Neovascularization |
| NCT00512876 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Effectiveness and Safety of Topical Bevacizumab (Avastin) for Treatment of Corneal Neovascularization |
| NCT00515684 | Not specified | WITHDRAWN | Corneal Thinning During Topical Bevacizumab Therapy |
| NCT05659940 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | Correlation Between a Novel Subset of Neutrophil and Corneal Neovascularization. |
| NCT06412718 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | Validation of Human Drugs Target of Repurposed Drugs and Novel Therapies |
Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)
| Molecule | Max phase | Trials referencing |
|---|---|---|
| BEVACIZUMAB | 4 | 6 |
| PAZOPANIB | 4 | 1 |
| CHEMBL4068768 | 0 | 1 |
| CHEMBL4171277 | 0 | 1 |
| S-ROLIPRAM | 0 | 1 |
Related Atlas pages
- Drugs: Bevacizumab, Pazopanib