Dermatitis

Summary

Dermatitis (MONDO:0002406) is a disease (an umbrella term covering 33 Mondo subtypes) with 88 GWAS associations across 33 studies and 89 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include cephalexin anhydrous, clemastine, and fexofenadine. A subtype of skin disorder — broader associated-gene and molecular evidence is on the parent page (see Disease family below).

At a glance

• Umbrella term: 33 Mondo subtypes
• GWAS associations: 88
• ClinVar variants: 1
• Clinical trials: 89

Clinical features

No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

Field	Value
Canonical name	dermatitis
Mondo ID	MONDO:0002406
MeSH	D003872
DOID	DOID:2723
NCIT	C2983
SNOMED CT	43116000
UMLS	C3875321
MedGen	849741
Is cancer (heuristic)	no

Also known as: inflammation of skin · inflammation of the skin · inflammation of zone of skin · inflammatory skin disease · skin inflammation · zone of skin inflammation

Data availability: 1 ClinVar variant · 88 GWAS associations (33 studies) · 1 cell line.

Disease family

This is a subtype of skin disorder. Genetic, therapeutic, and trial evidence is largely curated at the broader-term level — see the parent page for the associated-gene cohort and molecular evidence.

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › integumentary system disorder › skin disorder › dermatitis

Related subtypes (71): cutaneous mucinosis, skin neoplasm, pyoderma, chronic ulcer of skin, systemic sclerosis, sunburn, severe cutaneous adverse reaction, paronychia, Achenbach syndrome, erythema multiforme, erythematosquamous dermatosis, exanthem, facial dermatosis, hand dermatosis, keratosis, leg dermatosis, lichen disease, lipodystrophy, mongolian spot, reactive cutaneous fibrous lesion, rosacea, scalp dermatosis, sebaceous gland disorder, skin atrophy, skin sarcoidosis, sweat gland disorder, vesiculobullous skin disease, hyperglobulinemic purpura, ainhum, cheilitis glandularis, erythema palmare hereditarium, multiple benign circumferential skin creases on limbs, actinic prurigo, congenital lethal erythroderma, Parana hard-skin syndrome, Bazex-Dupre-Christol syndrome, nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp, pseudoxanthoma elasticum-like papillary dermal elastolysis, toxic dermatosis, oral erosive lichen, chronic actinic dermatitis, Jessner lymphocytic infiltration of the skin, acquired kinky hair syndrome, primary cutaneous plasmacytosis, cutaneous pseudolymphoma, corticosteroid-sensitive aseptic abscess syndrome, interstitial granulomatous dermatitis with arthritis, epidermal disease, skin pigmentation disorder, skin vascular disease, Wells syndrome, solar urticaria, pellagra, hereditary epidermal appendage anomaly, keratosis pilaris, dermis disorder, aquagenic pruritus, Boudhina Yedes Khiari syndrome, non-neoplastic nevus, cutaneous sclerosis, pityriasis rotunda, hematohidrosis, skin disorder caused by infection, livedoid vasculopathy, prurigo nodularis, granuloma faciale, sclerema neonatorum, hereditary skin disorder, hand-foot syndrome, Nicolau syndrome

Subtypes (33): spongiotic dermatitis, atopic eczema, psoriasis, contact dermatitis, urticaria, acneiform dermatitis, acrodermatitis, folliculitis, granuloma annulare, granulomatous dermatitis, lichen planus, neurodermatitis, neurotic excoriation, parapsoriasis, pityriasis rosea, seborrheic dermatitis, acanthosis nigricans, dermatosis papulosa nigra, lichen sclerosus et atrophicus, vitiligo, acne, porphyria cutanea tarda, dermatomyositis, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, hydroa vacciniforme, autoimmune bullous skin disease, cutaneous vasculitis, skin infection, intertrigo, lipodermatosclerosis, exfoliative dermatitis, radiodermatitis, food dermatitis

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

88 GWAS associations across 33 studies. Top hits map to 17 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).

Top associations by p-value

rsID	p-value	Gene	Risk allele	Odds ratio
chr1:152313385	9e-85		A	0.41
rs61839660	3e-45	IL2RA	C	0.14
chr10:6052734	9e-38		T	0.15
chr17:40608272	4e-28		A	0.21
chr6:32634619	5e-27		T	0.08
chr6:32243441	4e-24		G	0.06
rs1807544	5e-21	CSF2RB	C	0.05
rs1048372	5e-21	HLA-DQA1	T	0.09
chr20:63704906	4e-18		T	0.06
chr5:132660272	4e-18		G	0.08
chr5:35852813	6e-18		G	0.06
chr1:152307547	4e-17		A	1.91
chr6:159085568	4e-17		T	0.05
chr2:111601478	1e-16		G	0.05
chr22:37319589	1e-16		G	0.05
rs696734	3e-16	CAPSL	A	0.05
chr11:76591029	8e-16		A	0.06
chr11:76588150	9e-16		T	0.05
rs6672420	4e-15	RUNX3	A	0.04
rs10183338	3e-14	ACOXL	G	0.05
chr6:159497597	6e-14		C	0.06
chr16:11129597	7e-14		G	0.05
chr16:11135732	9e-14		C	0.04
chr11:128317488	1e-13		C	0.05
chr11:36428447	3e-13		C	0.13
rs10060615	3e-13	SLC22A5	T	0.04
chr17:38869490	5e-13		A	0.17
rs12123821	6e-13	CCDST	C	0.11
rs10075801	8e-13	MIR3936HG, SLC22A4	A	0.04
rs7931483	9e-13	EMSY - LINC02757	C	0.04

Top studies (by case count)

Study	Lead author	Year	Cases	Controls	Title
GCST90473917	UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium	2025	70,720	387,720	Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants.
GCST90667885	UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium	2025	70,720	387,720	Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants.
GCST90476289	Verma A	2024	66,194	325,245	Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.
GCST90473933	UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium	2025	46,037	412,403	Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants.
GCST90667906	UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium	2025	46,037	412,403	Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants.
GCST90479306	Verma A	2024	19,557	86,442	Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.
GCST90480627	Verma A	2024	19,557	86,442	Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.
GCST90726714	Kim HI	2026	13,004	31,022	Exome sequencing and analysis of 44,028 British South Asians enriched for high autozygosity.
GCST90077853	Backman JD	2021	12,790	318,964	Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants.
GCST90081839	Backman JD	2021	12,790	318,964	Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

Tier distribution (top 50 variants)

Tier	Variants
Tier 1: coding	2
Tier 2: splice/UTR	1
Tier 3: regulatory	1
Tier 4: intronic/intergenic	46

MAF distribution

Bucket	Variants
common (>=0.05)	18
low_freq (0.01-0.05)	5
rare (<0.01)	1
unknown	26

Functional consequences

Consequence	Count
unknown	33
intron_variant	11
stop_gained	1
missense_variant	1
non_coding_transcript_exon_variant	1
3_prime_UTR_variant	1
regulatory_region_variant	1
intergenic_variant	1

Top variants

rsID	Chr	Pos	Alleles	MAF	Consequence	Gene	p-value	Tier
chr1:152313385							9e-85	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs61839660	10	6052734	C>T	0.094	intron_variant	IL2RA	3e-45	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr10:6052734							9e-38	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr17:40608272							4e-28	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr6:32634619							5e-27	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr6:32243441							4e-24	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs1807544	22	36915177	C>A,T	0.453	intron_variant	CSF2RB	5e-21	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs1048372	6	32642659	T>A,C,G	0.46	stop_gained	HLA-DQA1	5e-21	Tier 1: coding
chr20:63704906							4e-18	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr5:132660272							4e-18	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr5:35852813							6e-18	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr1:152307547				0.005			4e-17	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr6:159085568							4e-17	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr2:111601478				0.36			1e-16	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr22:37319589				0.454			1e-16	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs696734	5	35928406	A>C,T	0.272	intron_variant	CAPSL	3e-16	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr11:76591029							8e-16	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr11:76588150							9e-16	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs6672420	1	24964519	A>C,G,T	0.488	missense_variant	RUNX3	4e-15	Tier 1: coding
rs10183338	2	110853239	G>A,T	0.293	intron_variant	ACOXL	3e-14	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr6:159497597				0.127			6e-14	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr16:11129597							7e-14	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr16:11135732							9e-14	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr11:128317488							1e-13	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr11:36428447				0.026			3e-13	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs10060615	5	132373185	T>A,C	0.467	intron_variant	SLC22A5	3e-13	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr17:38869490				0.03			5e-13	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs12123821	1	152206676	C>T	0.047	intron_variant	CCDST	6e-13	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs10075801	5	132341949	A>G	0.377	intron_variant	MIR3936HG, SLC22A4	8e-13	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs7931483	11	76591023	C>A,G	0.448	non_coding_transcript_exon_variant	EMSY - LINC02757	9e-13	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic

ClinVar germline variants

1 retrieved; paginated sample, class counts are floors:

1 pathogenic

ClinVar	Variant (HGVS)	Gene	Classification	Review
268044	46;XX;ins(2;9)(q24.3;p22.1p24.3)dn		Pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter

Genes & proteins

No associated-gene cohort resolved for this disease. Atlas builds the molecular and therapeutic sections — associated genes, protein families, druggability, pathways, interactions, and drug associations — by aggregating over a disease’s associated genes (resolved via GWAS / GenCC / ClinVar / CIViC), and none resolved here. This is expected for antibody-mediated, autoimmune, or otherwise non-gene-defined conditions; the curated evidence for this disease is its clinical features, GWAS susceptibility, and clinical trials (above).

Function

No pathway enrichment — requires an associated-gene cohort.

Therapeutics

Drugs indicated for this disease

7 approved, 8 in late-stage (phase 3) trials. Disease-direct ChEMBL indications, not inferred from the associated-gene cohort below.

Drug	Development status
Betamethasone Acetate	Approved (phase 4)
Dexamethasone	Approved (phase 4)
Dimethicone	Approved (phase 4)
Hydrocortisone	Approved (phase 4)
Methylprednisolone Acetate	Approved (phase 4)
Triamcinolone Acetonide	Approved (phase 4)
Zinc Oxide	Approved (phase 4)
Bepotastine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Cetirizine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Clemastine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Desloratadine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Dupilumab	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Ketoconazole	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Levocetirizine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Pimecrolimus	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)

Earlier-phase candidates (phase 2, investigational — efficacy not yet established): Acitretin, Apremilast, Crisaborole, Risankizumab, Roflumilast, Sulfamethoxazole, Trimethoprim.

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 89.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

Phase	Trials
Not specified	55
PHASE2	11
PHASE3	10
PHASE1	5
PHASE4	3
PHASE1/PHASE2	3
PHASE2/PHASE3	1
EARLY_PHASE1	1

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT06750653	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Skin Barrier Function and Inflammation in Aging: The BIA Study
NCT00667056	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Tacrolimus Ointment in Treating Chronic Allergic Contact Dermatitis
NCT05324618	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Tacrolimus Versus Hydrocortisone in Atopic Dermatitis
NCT05535738	PHASE2/PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Using a Contact Dermatitis Model With Biologic Medications to Study Skin Inflammation
NCT00176956	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Disease in Pediatric Heart Transplant Patients
NCT00375713	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Randomized Phase III Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Xyzal® (Levocetirizine) vs Zyrtec® (Cetirizine) in Subjects With Dermatitis and Eczema
NCT01125761	PHASE3	WITHDRAWN	Efficacy and Safety of the Association Drugs in Patients With Allergic Dermatitis
NCT01239719	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Randomized Study for Effectiveness and Safety Evaluation of Dexamethasone 0.5 mg + Fumarate Clemastine 1 mg Compared to Dexamethasone 0.5 mg in Patients With Allergic Dermatitis
NCT01762020	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Barrier Film vs. Standard Skin Care in Preventing Dermatitis in Women With Breast Cancer Receiving Radiation
NCT01840605	PHASE3	COMPLETED	A Confirmatory Study of TAU-284 in Pediatric Patients With Atopic Dermatitis
NCT01916980	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety Study of Desloratadine (MK-4117) in Japanese Participants With Eczema/Dermatitis and Dermal Pruritus (MK-4117-202)
NCT03627767	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Study to Investigate Efficacy and Safety of PF-04965842 in Subjects Aged 12 Years and Over With Moderate to Severe Atopic Dermatitis With the Option of Rescue Treatment in Flaring Subjects
NCT03720470	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Study Evaluating Efficacy and Safety of PF-04965842 and Dupilumab in Adult Subjects With Moderate to Severe Atopic Dermatitis on Background Topical Therapy
NCT04760314	PHASE3	COMPLETED	A Study of Lebrikizumab (LY3650150) in Combination With Topical Corticosteroids in Japanese Participants With Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis
NCT01631617	PHASE2	RECRUITING	Effects of Treatments on Atopic Dermatitis
NCT07011706	PHASE2	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	ATI-045 Versus Placebo in Patients With Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis
NCT07599813	PHASE2	RECRUITING	A Phase 2b Study of the Effects of Camoteskimab in Adults With Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis
NCT00421161	PHASE1/PHASE2	UNKNOWN	Olive Oil With Omega 3 to Treat Stasis Dermatitis
NCT00746382	PHASE2	WITHDRAWN	A Placebo Controlled 4 Week Proof of Concept Study With 0.5% Roflumilast Cream in Patients With Mild Atopic Dermatitis (RO-2351-001-EM)
NCT02580279	PHASE2	UNKNOWN	Study of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) for Skin Prevention in Patients With Breast Cancer Receiving Adjuvant Radiotherapy
NCT03563066	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Effect of Benralizumab in Atopic Dermatitis
NCT03706040	PHASE2	COMPLETED	A Study to Evaluate Risankizumab in Adults and Adolescents With Moderate to Severe Atopic Dermatitis
NCT03976206	PHASE1/PHASE2	WITHDRAWN	Very Small Embryonic-like Stem Cells for Facial Skin Antiaging
NCT04154033	PHASE2	WITHDRAWN	Treatment of Chronic Itch in Atopic Dermatitis With Topical Naltrexone
NCT04325802	PHASE2	WITHDRAWN	Treatment of Chronic Itch in Atopic Dermatitis With Opioid Antagonist Naltrexone
NCT04479514	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Preventative Skin Care for Children Undergoing Targeted CNS Tumor Therapy
NCT05104723	PHASE1/PHASE2	COMPLETED	Safety and Efficacy of Tofacitinib for Chronic Granulomatous Disease With Inflammatory Complications
NCT06436183	PHASE2	COMPLETED	A Study of the Effects of Camoteskimab in Adults With Moderate to Severe Atopic Dermatitis
NCT07414602	PHASE1	RECRUITING	A Phase I Study of Single Subcutaneous Dose of SHR-1894 in Healthy Subjects
NCT01259323	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Sequential Ascending Dose Study to Assess the Safety and Tolerability of REGN668 (SAR231893) in Patients With Atopic Dermatitis
NCT01910662	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Characterisation of T-cell Response to Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) and Tuberculin Purified Protein Derivative (PPD)
NCT02447393	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Phase 1 Study of Levocetirizine
NCT05461456	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Bioavailability and Tolerability of Fexofenadine Hydrochloride Topical Lotion 1%
NCT00217009	EARLY_PHASE1	TERMINATED	Study to Compare Different Light Therapies (Narrowband Ultraviolet B vs PUVA) for Hand and Foot Skin Diseases.
NCT03024671	Not specified	RECRUITING	Epicutaneous Testing of Cosmetics for Skin Compatibility
NCT05611346	Not specified	RECRUITING	HYPNOsis in the Management of Atopic Dermatitis in Children and Teenagers
NCT06353087	Not specified	RECRUITING	Abrocitinib Taiwan Treatment Pattern and Real World Study in ATopiC Dermatitis (ATTRACT Registry)
NCT06448702	Not specified	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Enhanced External Counter-pulsation on Patients With Atopic Dermatitis and Inflammatory Skin Disease Requiring Wet Wrap Therapy
NCT06794671	Not specified	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	A Basket Trial of Vunakizumab in Inflammatory Skin Diseases
NCT06850389	Not specified	RECRUITING	PMCF Investigation of Medical Device ChitoCare® Medical

Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Trials referencing
CEPHALEXIN ANHYDROUS	4	3
CLEMASTINE	4	3
FEXOFENADINE	4	3
TACROLIMUS ANHYDROUS	4	3
ABROCITINIB	4	2
BEPOTASTINE	4	2
CETIRIZINE	4	2
DUPILUMAB	4	2
LEVOCETIRIZINE	4	2
BENRALIZUMAB	4	1
BETAMETHASONE VALERATE	4	1
CANAKINUMAB	4	1
DESLORATADINE	4	1
GUSELKUMAB	4	1
HYDROCORTISONE	4	1
KETOTIFEN FUMARATE	4	1
LEBRIKIZUMAB	4	1
OLIVE OIL	4	1
RISANKIZUMAB	4	1
ROFLUMILAST	4	1
SARILUMAB	4	1
SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE	4	1
TOFACITINIB	4	1
TRIMETHOPRIM	4	1
USTEKINUMAB	4	1
TUBERCULIN	3	1
CAMOTESKIMAB	2	2
SQUARIC ACID DIBUTYL ESTER	2	1
CHEMBL4564923	0	1
CHEMBL259100	0	1