Diverticulitis

Summary

Diverticulitis (MONDO:0004235) is a disease with 8 cohort genes (42 GWAS associations across 12 studies) and 106 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include mesalamine, indocyanine green acid form, and tigecycline.

At a glance

• Cohort genes: 8
• GWAS associations: 42
• Clinical trials: 106

Clinical features

No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

Field	Value
Canonical name	diverticulitis
Mondo ID	MONDO:0004235
EFO	EFO:1001460
MeSH	D004238
DOID	DOID:7475
NCIT	C26752
SNOMED CT	307496006
UMLS	C0012813
MedGen	41629
Is cancer (heuristic)	no

Also known as: digestive tract diverticulum inflammation · inflammation of digestive tract diverticulum

Data availability: 42 GWAS associations (12 studies).

Disease family

An umbrella term covering 2 Mondo subtypes.

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › digestive system disorder › intestinal disorder › diverticulitis

Related subtypes (57): intestinal atresia, steatorrhea, angiodysplasia of intestine, endometriosis of intestine, hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, mucocele of appendix, gastroenteritis, intestinal obstruction, postgastrectomy syndrome, chronic intestinal vascular insufficiency, bowel dysfunction, irritable bowel syndrome, Whipple disease, inflammatory bowel disease, intestinal polyp, necrotizing enterocolitis, intestinal perforation, neurogenic bowel, pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis, volvulus of midgut, abetalipoproteinemia, aplasia cutis congenita-intestinal lymphangiectasia syndrome, trichohepatoenteric syndrome, protein-losing enteropathy, chronic diarrhea with villous atrophy, Satoyoshi syndrome, glucose-galactose malabsorption, congenital diarrhea 7 with exudative enteropathy, chronic atrial and intestinal dysrhythmia, congenital enterocyte heparan sulfate deficiency, short bowel syndrome, intractable diarrhea-choanal atresia-eye anomalies syndrome, solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, NK-cell enteropathy, chronic intestinal failure, intestinal lymphangiectasia, refractory celiac disease, eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease, cryptogenic multifocal ulcerous stenosing enteritis, chronic enteropathy associated with SLCO2A1 gene, cytosolic phospholipase-A2 alpha deficiency associated bleeding disorder, malakoplakia, malabsorption syndrome, ischemic bowel disorder, intestinal neoplasm, intestinal motility disease, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic aciduria, parasitic intestinal disorder, Aeromonas hydrophila intestinal disease, large intestine disorder, small intestine disorder, primary desmosis coli, isolated mesenteric vein thrombosis, collagenous sprue, visceral leiomyopathy, African degenerative, intestinal dysmotility syndrome, intestinal fistula

Subtypes (2): small intestine diverticulitis, diverticulitis of colon

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

42 GWAS associations across 12 studies. Top hits map to 19 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).

Top associations by p-value

rsID	p-value	Gene	Risk allele	Odds ratio
rs6704689	9e-38	ARHGAP15	G	0.2
rs4278879	3e-35	ARHGAP15	T	0.22
rs11894956	3e-24	ARHGAP15	A	0.24
rs11619840	2e-19	NALF1	C	0.16
rs12294208	3e-18	CALCB	T	0.12
chr11:15055666	6e-17		A	0.13
rs10910384	2e-16	SLC35F3	A	0.13
rs7609897	2e-14	COLQ	G	0.14
rs10928187	7e-12	ARHGAP15	G	1.42
rs115478735	9e-12	ABO	A	0.12
rs4662208	3e-10	ARHGAP15	A	1.46
rs4662344	5e-09	ARHGAP15	T	1.26
rs9514637	5e-08	NALF1	G	1.22
rs7327483	8e-08	LINC00375	C	2.55
rs12671172	1e-07	LINC01003 - 5S_rRNA	G	0.67
rs140843945	1e-07	LINC02240	A	11.83
rs67153654	2e-07	NALF1	T	1.25
rs56116508	2e-07	ECM1P2 - U6	C	1.44
rs143460556	2e-07	LHX8	G	5.73
rs80233487	2e-07	CELF4	A	6.33
rs9565028	3e-07	NBEA	C	0.79
rs4657237	3e-07	CCDC190 - RGS4	C	2.46
rs6793498	3e-07	SLC25A38	G	2.78
rs144422193	3e-07	RNU6-99P - LRRC4C	G	3.93
rs118017477	3e-07	SYNPR	?
rs1945615	4e-07	CALCB	A	1.18
rs77643000	4e-07	Y_RNA - CXCR5	C	1.38
rs78108838	4e-07	LINC02674 - RAB11FIP2	T	3.87
rs2272901	6e-07	UST - TAB2	G	1.19
rs74592875	6e-07	BPNT2 - RNA5SP266	A	3.96

Top studies (by case count)

Study	Lead author	Year	Cases	Controls	Title
GCST90476077	Verma A	2024	10,900	428,348	Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.
GCST008256	Sigurdsson S	2017	2,764	245,951	Sequence variants in ARHGAP15, COLQ and FAM155A associate with diverticular disease and diverticulitis.
GCST90478421	Verma A	2024	1,855	117,495	Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.
GCST90480329	Verma A	2024	1,855	117,495	Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.
GCST90478420	Verma A	2024	1,338	57,182	Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.
GCST90652041	Liu TY	2025	821	188,622	Diversity and longitudinal records: Genetic architecture of disease associations and polygenic risk in the Taiwanese Han population.
GCST90080246	Backman JD	2021	623	387,299	Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants.
GCST90084232	Backman JD	2021	623	387,299	Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants.
GCST90468125	Loya H	2025	0	0	A scalable variational inference approach for increased mixed-model association power.
GCST90293094	Joo YY	2023	0	0	Multi-ancestry genome- and phenome-wide association studies of diverticular disease in electronic health records with natural language processing enriched phenotyping algorithm.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

Tier distribution (top 50 variants)

Tier	Variants
Tier 1: coding	0
Tier 2: splice/UTR	1
Tier 3: regulatory	0
Tier 4: intronic/intergenic	37

MAF distribution

Bucket	Variants
common (>=0.05)	29
low_freq (0.01-0.05)	6
rare (<0.01)	1
unknown	2

Functional consequences

Consequence	Count
intron_variant	26
intergenic_variant	9
unknown	1
non_coding_transcript_exon_variant	1
3_prime_UTR_variant	1

Top variants

rsID	Chr	Pos	Alleles	MAF	Consequence	Gene	p-value	Tier
rs6704689	2	143548105	G>A	0.178	intron_variant	ARHGAP15	9e-38	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs4278879	2	143541673	T>A,C,G	0.185	intron_variant	ARHGAP15	3e-35	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs11894956	2	143578563	T>A,C	0.179	intron_variant	ARHGAP15	3e-24	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs11619840	13	107566610	C>A,G	0.184	intron_variant	NALF1	2e-19	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs12294208	11	15030109	T>C	0.281	intergenic_variant	CALCB	3e-18	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr11:15055666				0.274			6e-17	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs10910384	1	234217307	A>C,G,T	0.234	intron_variant	SLC35F3	2e-16	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs7609897	3	15461174	G>C,T	0.225	intron_variant	COLQ	2e-14	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs10928187	2	143594975	G>A	0.225	intron_variant	ARHGAP15	7e-12	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs115478735	9	133274295	A>T	0.193	intron_variant	ABO	9e-12	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs4662208	2	143580879	A>C,G	0.177	intron_variant	ARHGAP15	3e-10	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs4662344	2	143591289	T>A,C	0.177	intron_variant	ARHGAP15	5e-09	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs9514637	13	107249894	G>A	0.276	intron_variant	NALF1	5e-08	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs7327483	13	85148036	C>A,G,T	0.297	intron_variant	LINC00375	8e-08	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs12671172	7	152580506	C>G,T	0.185	intron_variant	LINC01003 - 5S_rRNA	1e-07	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs140843945	5	125335669	T>A,C	0.028	intron_variant	LINC02240	1e-07	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs67153654	13	107572636	T>A,C	0.186	intron_variant	NALF1	2e-07	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs56116508	4	12668237	A>C,G	0.104	intergenic_variant	ECM1P2 - U6	2e-07	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs143460556	1	75159713	A>G	0.033	intron_variant	LHX8	2e-07	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs80233487	18	37297238	G>A	0.023	intron_variant	CELF4	2e-07	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs9565028	13	35130813	G>C	0.415	intron_variant	NBEA	3e-07	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs4657237	1	162910977	T>C	0.415	intron_variant	CCDC190 - RGS4	3e-07	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs6793498	3	39394869	C>G	0.181	intron_variant	SLC25A38	3e-07	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs144422193	11	39868675	A>G	0.057	intergenic_variant	RNU6-99P - LRRC4C	3e-07	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs118017477	3	63405587	C>G		intron_variant	SYNPR	3e-07	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs1945615	11	15081931	G>A	0.302	intergenic_variant	CALCB	4e-07	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs77643000	11	118878854	T>C	0.131	intergenic_variant	Y_RNA - CXCR5	4e-07	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs78108838	10	117980781	G>A,T	0.07	intergenic_variant	LINC02674 - RAB11FIP2	4e-07	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs2272901	6	149218637	G>A	0.279	non_coding_transcript_exon_variant	UST - TAB2	6e-07	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs74592875	8	57101541	G>A	0.044	intergenic_variant	BPNT2 - RNA5SP266	6e-07	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic

Genes & proteins

Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers

GenCC: 0 · Orphanet: 4 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0

Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)

Gene	Orphanet ID	Rare disease
TAB2	Orphanet:664401	Cardiac anomalies-short stature-joint hypermobility-facial dysmorphism syndrome due to TAB2 mutation
TAB2	Orphanet:664404	6q25.1 microdeletion syndrome
COLQ	Orphanet:98915	Synaptic congenital myasthenic syndrome
NID1	Orphanet:269215	Isolated Dandy-Walker malformation without hydrocephalus

Cohort genes → proteins

8 cohort genes, 8 distinct canonical proteins.

Evidence partition

Subset	Genes
gwas_only	8

Cohort genes (full)

Symbol	HGNC	Ensembl	UniProt	Name	Evidence
CALCB	HGNC:1438	ENSG00000175868	P10092	Calcitonin gene-related peptide 2	gwas
TAB2	HGNC:17075	ENSG00000055208	Q9NYJ8	TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 2	gwas
LSM10	HGNC:17562	ENSG00000181817	Q969L4	U7 snRNA-associated Sm-like protein LSm10	gwas
ARHGAP15	HGNC:21030	ENSG00000075884	Q53QZ3	Rho GTPase-activating protein 15	gwas
COLQ	HGNC:2226	ENSG00000206561	Q9Y215	Acetylcholinesterase collagenic tail peptide	gwas
NALF1	HGNC:33877	ENSG00000204442	B1AL88	NALCN channel auxiliary factor 1	gwas
NID1	HGNC:7821	ENSG00000116962	P14543	Nidogen-1	gwas
PDE7B	HGNC:8792	ENSG00000171408	Q9NP56	3’,5’-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase 7B	gwas

Cohort function summary

Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.

Symbol	Protein name	Function (lead sentence)
CALCB	Calcitonin gene-related peptide 2	CALCB/CGRP2 is a peptide hormone that induces vasodilation mediated by the CALCRL-RAMP1 receptor complex.
TAB2	TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 2	Adapter required to activate the JNK and NF-kappa-B signaling pathways through the specific recognition of ‘Lys-63’-linked polyubiquitin chains by its RanBP2-type zinc finger (NZF).
LSM10	U7 snRNA-associated Sm-like protein LSm10	Appears to function in the U7 snRNP complex that is involved in histone 3’-end processing.
ARHGAP15	Rho GTPase-activating protein 15	GTPase activator for the Rho-type GTPases by converting them to an inactive GDP-bound state.
COLQ	Acetylcholinesterase collagenic tail peptide	Anchors the catalytic subunits of asymmetric AChE to the synaptic basal membrane, and is therefore involved in the down-regulation of colinergic synaptic transmission.
NALF1	NALCN channel auxiliary factor 1	Auxillary component of the NALCN sodium channel complex, a channel that regulates the resting membrane potential and controls neuronal excitability.
NID1	Nidogen-1	Sulfated glycoprotein widely distributed in basement membranes and tightly associated with laminin.
PDE7B	3’,5’-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase 7B	Hydrolyzes the second messenger cAMP, which is a key regulator of many important physiological processes.

Protein-family classification

Druggable: 0 · Difficult: 3 · Unknown: 5 · Druggable fraction: 0.0

Family distribution

Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.

Family	Genes	Fold	FDR
Scaffold/PPI	1	2.2×	0.496
Transcription factor	2	2.1×	0.496
Other/Unknown	5	1.1×	0.496

Per-gene assignment

Symbol	Family	Druggable?	EC	InterPro (top 3)
CALCB	Other/Unknown	no		Calcitonin_peptide-like, Calcitonin_gene-rel_peptide, Calcitonin_CS
TAB2	Transcription factor	no		Znf_RanBP2, CUE, Znf_RanBP2_sf
LSM10	Other/Unknown	no		Sm_dom_euk/arc, LSM_dom_sf, Sm
ARHGAP15	Scaffold/PPI	no		RhoGAP_dom, PH_domain, Rho_GTPase_activation_prot
COLQ	Other/Unknown	no		Collagen, Myxo_disulph_rpt, Collagen_superfamily
NALF1	Other/Unknown	no		NALCN_aux_factor_1/2
NID1	Other/Unknown	no		LDLR_classB_rpt, EGF-type_Asp/Asn_hydroxyl_site, Thyroglobulin_1
PDE7B	Transcription factor	no	3.1.4.53	PDEase_catalytic_dom, HD/PDEase_dom, PDEase

Expression context

Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.

7 cohort genes are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.

Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)

Bucket	Genes
narrow (1-5 tissues)	0
moderate (6-20)	0
broad (>20)	8
unknown	0

Top tissues across cohort

Tissue	Cohort genes
granulocyte	3
hindlimb stylopod muscle	2
dorsal root ganglion	1
islet of Langerhans	1
trigeminal ganglion	1
colonic epithelium	1
parotid gland	1
ventricular zone	1
gastrocnemius	1
blood	1
bone marrow cell	1
right uterine tube	1
Brodmann (1909) area 23	1
buccal mucosa cell	1
endothelial cell	1
lower lobe of lung	1
mucosa of stomach	1
stromal cell of endometrium	1
calcaneal tendon	1
germinal epithelium of ovary	1

Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)

Symbol	Bgee breadth	FANTOM5 breadth	SCXA	Top tissues
CALCB	122	broad	yes	dorsal root ganglion, trigeminal ganglion, islet of Langerhans
TAB2	293	ubiquitous	marker	parotid gland, ventricular zone, colonic epithelium
LSM10	245	ubiquitous	marker	hindlimb stylopod muscle, gastrocnemius, granulocyte
ARHGAP15	207	broad	marker	blood, bone marrow cell, granulocyte
COLQ	178	broad	marker	right uterine tube, hindlimb stylopod muscle, granulocyte
NALF1	187	broad	marker	endothelial cell, Brodmann (1909) area 23, buccal mucosa cell
NID1	262	ubiquitous	marker	stromal cell of endometrium, mucosa of stomach, lower lobe of lung
PDE7B	233	ubiquitous	marker	germinal epithelium of ovary, calcaneal tendon, lateral globus pallidus

Protein interactions among cohort

Intra-cohort edges: 3.

Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)

Symbol	Interactor count
TAB2	2,606
LSM10	1,724
NID1	1,702
ARHGAP15	1,627
COLQ	1,132
PDE7B	890
NALF1	662
CALCB	548

Intra-cohort edges

A	B	Sources
ARHGAP15	COLQ	string_interaction
ARHGAP15	NALF1	string_interaction
COLQ	NALF1	string_interaction

Structural data

PDB: 5 · AlphaFold-only: 3 · No structure: 0

Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)

Symbol	UniProt	PDB entries
TAB2	Q9NYJ8	6
LSM10	Q969L4	5
NALF1	B1AL88	5
ARHGAP15	Q53QZ3	1
COLQ	Q9Y215	1

AlphaFold-only cohort genes (top 30 by pLDDT)

Symbol	UniProt	pLDDT
PDE7B	Q9NP56	79.84
NID1	P14543	78.50
CALCB	P10092	71.15

Function

Pathway analysis

Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 72. Enrichment computed across 8 evidence-associated genes (6 with Reactome annotation).

Pathways by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 6 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

Pathway	Cohort genes	Fold	FDR	Sample cohort genes
SLBP independent Processing of Histone Pre-mRNAs	1	190.3×	0.052	LSM10
IRAK2 mediated activation of TAK1 complex	1	190.3×	0.052	TAB2
Calcitonin-like ligand receptors	1	173.0×	0.052	CALCB
Processing of Capped Intronless Pre-mRNA	1	173.0×	0.052	LSM10
SLBP Dependent Processing of Replication-Dependent Histone Pre-mRNAs	1	173.0×	0.052	LSM10
TICAM1,TRAF6-dependent induction of TAK1 complex	1	173.0×	0.052	TAB2
Alpha-protein kinase 1 signaling pathway	1	173.0×	0.052	TAB2
G alpha (s) signalling events	2	24.4×	0.052	CALCB, PDE7B
IRAK2 mediated activation of TAK1 complex upon TLR7/8 or 9 stimulation	1	126.9×	0.060	TAB2
TRAF6-mediated induction of TAK1 complex within TLR4 complex	1	119.0×	0.060	TAB2
JNK (c-Jun kinases) phosphorylation and activation mediated by activated human TAK1	1	86.5×	0.062	TAB2
TCR signaling	1	82.8×	0.062	TAB2
activated TAK1 mediates p38 MAPK activation	1	82.8×	0.062	TAB2
TNF signaling	1	70.5×	0.062	TAB2
Laminin interactions	1	63.4×	0.062	NID1
Nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor (NLR) signaling pathways	1	59.5×	0.062	TAB2
Nuclear signaling by ERBB4	1	57.7×	0.062	TAB2
TNFR1-induced NF-kappa-B signaling pathway	1	56.0×	0.062	TAB2
NOD1/2 Signaling Pathway	1	52.9×	0.062	TAB2
MAP kinase activation	1	51.4×	0.062	TAB2
TAK1-dependent IKK and NF-kappa-B activation	1	50.1×	0.062	TAB2
Signaling by ERBB4	1	45.3×	0.062	TAB2
Fc epsilon receptor (FCERI) signaling	1	45.3×	0.062	TAB2
Interleukin-1 family signaling	1	45.3×	0.062	TAB2
Interleukin-17 signaling	1	42.3×	0.062	TAB2
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs)	1	39.6×	0.062	TAB2
RNA Polymerase II Transcription Termination	1	36.6×	0.062	LSM10
Toll Like Receptor 10 (TLR10) Cascade	1	35.9×	0.062	TAB2
Toll Like Receptor 5 (TLR5) Cascade	1	35.9×	0.062	TAB2
MyD88 cascade initiated on plasma membrane	1	34.0×	0.062	TAB2

GO biological processes by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 8 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

GO term	Cohort genes	Fold	FDR	Sample cohort genes
acetylcholine catabolic process in synaptic cleft	1	1053.2×	0.019	COLQ
negative regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic	1	702.2×	0.019	COLQ
mRNA 3’-end processing by stem-loop binding and cleavage	1	351.1×	0.019	LSM10
regulation of basement membrane organization	1	351.1×	0.019	NID1
calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor signaling pathway	1	351.1×	0.019	CALCB
cAMP catabolic process	1	234.1×	0.019	PDE7B
skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering	1	234.1×	0.019	COLQ
establishment of protein localization to membrane	1	234.1×	0.019	COLQ
regulation of synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction	1	210.7×	0.019	COLQ
glomerular basement membrane development	1	191.5×	0.019	NID1
positive regulation of integrin-mediated signaling pathway	1	162.0×	0.021	NID1
positive regulation of muscle cell differentiation	1	140.4×	0.022	NID1
non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	1	105.3×	0.027	TAB2
protein localization to synapse	1	95.8×	0.027	COLQ
positive regulation of protein kinase activity	1	84.3×	0.029	TAB2
negative regulation of cAMP/PKA signal transduction	1	75.2×	0.031	PDE7B
calcium ion import across plasma membrane	1	68.0×	0.031	NALF1
basement membrane organization	1	63.8×	0.031	NID1
positive regulation of cell-substrate adhesion	1	62.0×	0.031	NID1
positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	1	50.1×	0.036	LSM10
regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	1	47.9×	0.036	CALCB
positive regulation of cell adhesion	1	34.0×	0.049	NID1
negative regulation of autophagy	1	32.4×	0.049	TAB2
small GTPase-mediated signal transduction	1	22.9×	0.066	ARHGAP15
cell-matrix adhesion	1	20.4×	0.071	NID1
intracellular calcium ion homeostasis	1	18.2×	0.074	CALCB
regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction	1	18.0×	0.074	ARHGAP15
response to lipopolysaccharide	1	15.6×	0.081	TAB2
regulation of cell shape	1	15.4×	0.081	ARHGAP15
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	1	14.1×	0.085	CALCB

Therapeutics

Drugs indicated for this disease

0 approved, 1 in late-stage (phase 3) trials. Disease-direct ChEMBL indications, not inferred from the associated-gene cohort below.

Drug	Development status
Mesalamine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)

Earlier-phase candidates (phase 2, investigational — efficacy not yet established): Rifaximin.

Drug target analysis

Approved (phase 4): 1 · Phase ≥3: 1 · Phased (≥1): 1 · Undrugged: 7

Druggability breadth: 3 of 8 evidence-associated genes (38%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).

Genes with an approved drug

The molecule shown is one approved compound that hits the gene — not necessarily a drug of choice or one indicated for this disease.

Symbol	Example approved molecule
PDE7B	VARDENAFIL

Top cohort targets by molecule count

Symbol	Molecules	Max phase
PDE7B	3	4
CALCB	0	0
TAB2	0	0
LSM10	0	0
ARHGAP15	0	0
COLQ	0	0
NALF1	0	0
NID1	0	0

Drugs targeting cohort genes (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Targets in cohort
VARDENAFIL	4	PDE7B
DIPYRIDAMOLE	4	PDE7B
LENRISPODUN PHOSPHATE	1	PDE7B

Bioactivity and enzyme data

Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 1.

Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)

Symbol	Assays	Type breakdown
PDE7B	89	Binding:83, ADMET:4, Functional:1, Toxicity:1
CALCB	1	Binding:1
TAB2	1	Binding:1

Cohort enzymes (BRENDA EC)

Symbol	EC numbers	Names
PDE7B	3.1.4.53	3’,5’-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase

Pharmacogenomics

Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 8; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.

No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).

Chemical tractability of cohort targets

3 approved/phased compounds have measured bioactivity against a cohort gene (and aren’t yet in disease-level trials). This is a research / tractability signal, NOT a therapeutic recommendation — a bioactivity row often reflects off-target or screening binding (e.g. promiscuous kinase inhibitors against a cohort kinase), implying no disease mechanism.

Compound	Max phase	Cohort target (bioactivity)
VARDENAFIL	4	PDE7B
DIPYRIDAMOLE	4	PDE7B
LENRISPODUN PHOSPHATE	1	PDE7B

Druggability pyramid

Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):

Tier	Definition	Genes	Symbols
A	Approved (phase 4 drug)	1	PDE7B
B	Phased (≥1) drug, not yet approved	0
C	Druggable family + PDB, no drug	0
D	Druggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug	0
E	Difficult family or no structure, no drug	7	CALCB, TAB2, LSM10, ARHGAP15, COLQ, NALF1, NID1

Undrugged target profiles

7 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).

Symbol	ChEMBL assays	Drugged partners (top 3)
CALCB	1	—
TAB2	1	—
LSM10	0	—
ARHGAP15	0	—
COLQ	0	—
NALF1	0	—
NID1	0	—

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 106.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

Phase	Trials
Not specified	78
PHASE4	10
PHASE3	7
PHASE2	5
PHASE2/PHASE3	2
EARLY_PHASE1	2
PHASE1/PHASE2	1
PHASE1	1

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00195351	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study Comparing Tigecycline Versus Ceftriaxone Sodium Plus Metronidazole in Complicated Intra-abdominal Infection
NCT00230971	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study Comparing Tigecycline Versus Ceftriaxone Sodium Plus Metronidazole in Complicated Intra-abdominal Infection (cIAI)
NCT00453830	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Laparoscopic Versus Open Sigmoid Colectomy for Diverticular Disease
NCT00917592	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Trial Assessing the Efficacy of a Short Course of Intravenous Antibiotic Followed by Oral Antibiotic in Uncomplicated Acute Diverticulitis
NCT01056913	PHASE4	COMPLETED	NITI CAR27 (ColonRing) Compression Anastomosis in Colorectal Surgery
NCT01081054	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Hospitalization or Ambulatory Treatment of Acute Diverticulitis
NCT01111253	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Diverticulitis: Antibiotics or Close Observation?
NCT02052557	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Effect of Exparel on Post Operative Pain and Narcotic Use After Colon Surgery
NCT02246361	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Impact of Six Patient Information Leaflets (PIL) on Doctor Patient Communication
NCT02785549	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Randomized Clinical Trial to Compare the Treatment of Mild Acute Diverticulitis With or Without Antibiotics
NCT00467922	PHASE3	COMPLETED	An Assessment of Goal-Directed Intraoperative Fluid Management in Hand Assisted Laparoscopic Colectomy
NCT00545103	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Prevention of Recurrence of Diverticulitis
NCT00545740	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Prevention of Recurrence of Diverticulitis
NCT00695643	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Mesalazine Granules vs. Placebo for the Prevention of Recurrence of Diverticulitis
NCT01038739	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Two Doses Mesalazine Granules Versus Placebo for the Prevention of Recurrence of Diverticulitis
NCT01168154	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Role Of Lactobacillus Reuteri DSM 17938 In The Non-Complicated Diverticular Disease
NCT01233713	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Hartmann’s Versus Primary Anastomosis in Left-sided Colon Perforation
NCT01727388	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Informativeness to Digital Rectal Examination
NCT03469050	PHASE2/PHASE3	TERMINATED	Rifaximin Delayed Release for the Prevention of Recurrent Acute Diverticulitis and Diverticular Complications.
NCT06687382	PHASE2	RECRUITING	Clinical Trial With MBK-01, Intestinal Microbiota Capsules, for the Treatment of Patients With Recurrent Diverticulitis
NCT00497263	PHASE2	COMPLETED	End-to-End Compression Anastomosis for Left-sided Colectomy Endo-CAR Study
NCT00554099	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Asacol Acute Diverticulitis(DIVA)Study
NCT01155440	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Bowel Function After Laparoscopic Colon Surgery: Effect of IV Lidocaine
NCT01477190	PHASE1/PHASE2	COMPLETED	Spinal Analgesia for Colonic Resection Using an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Program
NCT05596214	PHASE2	UNKNOWN	Combination of Curcumin and Berberine Therapy in the Treatment of Post Acute Diverticulitis (SUDD)
NCT01560377	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Perfusion Assessment in Laparoscopic Left Anterior Resection
NCT05373784	EARLY_PHASE1	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	FMT in Uncomplicated Diverticulitis
NCT03042091	EARLY_PHASE1	UNKNOWN	Neomycin and Metronidazole Hydrochloride With or Without Polyethylene Glycol in Reducing Infection in Patients Undergoing Elective Colorectal Surgery
NCT03643718	Not specified	RECRUITING	Web-based International Register of Emergency Surgery and Trauma
NCT04013152	Not specified	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Clinical Database of Colorectal Robotic Surgery
NCT04095663	Not specified	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Comparison of Surgery and Medicine on the Impact of Diverticulitis (COSMID) Trial
NCT05681559	Not specified	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Investigation of Medical Management to Prevent Episodes of Diverticulitis Trial
NCT05829343	Not specified	RECRUITING	RObotic Versus LAparoscopic Colectomy for DIverticulitis.
NCT06023004	Not specified	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	The Diverticulitis Study
NCT06265649	Not specified	RECRUITING	Comparison of NOM for ACLD Between Medical and Surgical Ward
NCT06957236	Not specified	ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION	Surgical Site Infection Outcomes in Natural Orifice Intracorporeal Anastomosis and Extraction (NICE) Procedure - The NICE Trial
NCT07027007	Not specified	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Prospective Observational Analysis of Circulating Endocan Levels in Patients Presenting With Acute Diverticulitis
NCT07144683	Not specified	RECRUITING	Anastomotic Leakage After Colorectal Surgery.
NCT07506005	Not specified	RECRUITING	Anastomotic Bleeding in Colorectal Anastomosis Relating to the Placement of the Stapler Spike to the Staple Line
NCT07579312	Not specified	RECRUITING	Diagnosis of Abdominal Pain Using RNA Levels: The NATURAL Study

Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Trials referencing
MESALAMINE	4	3
INDOCYANINE GREEN ACID FORM	4	2
TIGECYCLINE	4	2
BUPIVACAINE	4	1
CEFTRIAXONE	4	1
IBUPROFEN	4	1
METRONIDAZOLE HYDROCHLORIDE	4	1
NEOMYCIN	4	1
FRAMYCETIN	3	1
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL	3	1
CHEMBL3754093	0	1
CHEMBL4299247	0	1
17	0	1
AMOXICILLIN/CLAVULANIC ACID	0	1