Dry age related macular degeneration
diseaseOn this page
Also known as dry AMDdry ARMD
Summary
Dry age related macular degeneration (MONDO:0100114) is a disease with 15 GWAS associations across 6 studies and 54 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include clopidogrel, glatiramer acetate, and unoprostone isopropyl. A subtype of age-related macular degeneration — broader associated-gene and molecular evidence is on the parent page (see Disease family below).
At a glance
- GWAS associations: 15
- Clinical trials: 54
Clinical features
No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.
Identifiers
Disease identifiers
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Canonical name | dry age related macular degeneration |
| Mondo ID | MONDO:0100114 |
| UMLS | C0271083 |
| MedGen | 543161 |
| GARD | 0026051 |
| MedDRA | 10075567 |
| Is cancer (heuristic) | no |
Also known as: dry AMD · dry ARMD
Data availability: 15 GWAS associations (6 studies).
Disease family
This is a subtype of age-related macular degeneration. Genetic, therapeutic, and trial evidence is largely curated at the broader-term level — see the parent page for the associated-gene cohort and molecular evidence.
Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › nervous system disorder › retinal disorder › retinal degeneration › macular degeneration › degeneration of macula and posterior pole › age-related macular degeneration › dry age related macular degeneration
Related subtypes (14): wet macular degeneration, age related macular degeneration 2, age related macular degeneration 1, macular degeneration, age-related, 3, age related macular degeneration 7, age related macular degeneration 4, age related macular degeneration 9, age related macular degeneration 10, age related macular degeneration 11, age related macular degeneration 6, age related macular degeneration 8, age related macular degeneration 12, age related macular degeneration 14, macular dystrophy with central cone involvement
Genetics & variants
GWAS landscape
15 GWAS associations across 6 studies. Top hits map to 2 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).
Top associations by p-value
| rsID | p-value | Gene | Risk allele | Odds ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr10:124215315 | 6e-85 | ? | ||
| chr1:196679455 | 7e-69 | ? | ||
| rs11200638 | 4e-15 | HTRA1, HTRA1-AS1 | A | 0.25 |
| chr19:6718387 | 3e-13 | ? | ||
| chr9:136534858 | 2e-09 | ? | ||
| chr15:68884204 | 5e-09 | ? | ||
| chr10:30470900 | 5e-09 | ? | ||
| chr17:49383760 | 2e-08 | ? | ||
| chr6:70629849 | 2e-08 | ? | ||
| chr7:28155583 | 2e-08 | ? | ||
| chr10:31036512 | 3e-08 | ? | ||
| chr12:78601978 | 3e-08 | ? | ||
| chr21:19483180 | 4e-08 | ? | ||
| chr20:45480514 | 5e-08 | ? | ||
| rs76361335 | 4e-07 | MIR302F - RNU6-857P | A | 0.5 |
Top studies (by case count)
| Study | Lead author | Year | Cases | Controls | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GCST90559231 | Farashi S | 2025 | 2,165 | 4,181 | HTRA1/lncRNA HTRA1-AS1 dominates in age-related macular degeneration reticular pseudodrusen genetic risk with no complement involvement. |
| GCST90559232 | Farashi S | 2025 | 1,593 | 7,639 | HTRA1/lncRNA HTRA1-AS1 dominates in age-related macular degeneration reticular pseudodrusen genetic risk with no complement involvement. |
| GCST90559235 | Farashi S | 2025 | 800 | 1,650 | HTRA1/lncRNA HTRA1-AS1 dominates in age-related macular degeneration reticular pseudodrusen genetic risk with no complement involvement. |
| GCST90559237 | Farashi S | 2025 | 593 | 1,104 | HTRA1/lncRNA HTRA1-AS1 dominates in age-related macular degeneration reticular pseudodrusen genetic risk with no complement involvement. |
| GCST90559236 | Farashi S | 2025 | 450 | 1,088 | HTRA1/lncRNA HTRA1-AS1 dominates in age-related macular degeneration reticular pseudodrusen genetic risk with no complement involvement. |
| GCST90559238 | Farashi S | 2025 | 288 | 0 | HTRA1/lncRNA HTRA1-AS1 dominates in age-related macular degeneration reticular pseudodrusen genetic risk with no complement involvement. |
Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers
Tier distribution (top 50 variants)
| Tier | Variants |
|---|---|
| Tier 1: coding | 0 |
| Tier 2: splice/UTR | 0 |
| Tier 3: regulatory | 0 |
| Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | 15 |
MAF distribution
| Bucket | Variants |
|---|---|
| common (>=0.05) | 1 |
| low_freq (0.01-0.05) | 1 |
| rare (<0.01) | 0 |
| unknown | 13 |
Functional consequences
| Consequence | Count |
|---|---|
| unknown | 13 |
| non_coding_transcript_exon_variant | 1 |
| intergenic_variant | 1 |
Top variants
| rsID | Chr | Pos | Alleles | MAF | Consequence | Gene | p-value | Tier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr10:124215315 | 6e-85 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr1:196679455 | 7e-69 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| rs11200638 | 10 | 122461028 | G>A,T | 0.4 | non_coding_transcript_exon_variant | HTRA1, HTRA1-AS1 | 4e-15 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| chr19:6718387 | 3e-13 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr9:136534858 | 2e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr15:68884204 | 5e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr10:30470900 | 5e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr17:49383760 | 2e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr6:70629849 | 2e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr7:28155583 | 2e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr10:31036512 | 3e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr12:78601978 | 3e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr21:19483180 | 4e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| chr20:45480514 | 5e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | ||||||
| rs76361335 | 18 | 30842131 | A>G | 0.01 | intergenic_variant | MIR302F - RNU6-857P | 4e-07 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
Genes & proteins
No associated-gene cohort resolved for this disease. Atlas builds the molecular and therapeutic sections — associated genes, protein families, druggability, pathways, interactions, and drug associations — by aggregating over a disease’s associated genes (resolved via GWAS / GenCC / ClinVar / CIViC), and none resolved here. This is expected for antibody-mediated, autoimmune, or otherwise non-gene-defined conditions; the curated evidence for this disease is its clinical features, GWAS susceptibility, and clinical trials (above).
Function
No pathway enrichment — requires an associated-gene cohort.
Therapeutics
No druggable-target or therapeutic data for this disease’s cohort.
Clinical trials & evidence
Clinical trials
Clinical trials: 54.
Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| Not specified | 24 |
| PHASE2 | 10 |
| PHASE1/PHASE2 | 7 |
| PHASE1 | 7 |
| PHASE3 | 3 |
| PHASE2/PHASE3 | 2 |
| PHASE4 | 1 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT00751361 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Treatment With Rheopheresis Trial |
| NCT06165068 | PHASE3 | RECRUITING | Effects of Antiplatelet and Antioxidant Agents on Drusen Progression: A Pilot, Prospective Cohort Study |
| NCT00307398 | PHASE3 | TERMINATED | Anecortave Acetate Risk-Reduction Trial (AART) |
| NCT02686658 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Zimura in Participants With Geographic Atrophy Secondary to Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration |
| NCT04636853 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | CB-PRP in Retinitis Pigmentosa and Dry Age-related Macular Degeneration |
| NCT06229665 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Study of Photobiomodulation to Treat Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration (LIGHTSITEIIIB) |
| NCT04339764 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Autologous Transplantation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium for Geographic Atrophy Associated With Age-Related Macular Degeneration |
| NCT04627428 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Safety and Tolerability of RPE Stem Cell-derived RPE(RPESC-RPE) Transplantation in Patients With Dry Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) |
| NCT06557460 | PHASE2 | RECRUITING | A Phase IIb Randomized, Multicenter Trial of Subretinal CPCB-RPE1 in Advanced Dry AMD (Geographic Atrophy) |
| NCT00429936 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Study of Fenretinide in the Treatment of Geographic Atrophy Associated With Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration |
| NCT01002950 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Study of the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of ACU-4429 in Subjects With Geographic Atrophy |
| NCT01344993 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Safety and Tolerability of Sub-retinal Transplantation of hESC Derived RPE (MA09-hRPE) Cells in Patients With Advanced Dry Age Related Macular Degeneration |
| NCT01379560 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | A Study to Evaluate the Ocular Blood Flow Effects of Unoprostone Isopropyl in Adults With Dry Age-related Macular Degeneration |
| NCT01674829 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | TERMINATED | A PhaseI/IIa Study to Determine the Safety and Tolerability of MA09-hRPE Cells in Patients With Advanced Dry AMD |
| NCT02755428 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | UNKNOWN | Subretinal Transplantation of Retinal Pigment Epitheliums in Treatment of Age-related Macular Degeneration Diseases |
| NCT03046407 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | UNKNOWN | Treatment of Dry Age Related Macular Degeneration Disease With Retinal Pigment Epithelium Derived From Human Embryonic Stem Cells |
| NCT03626636 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | A Clinical Trial Designed To Evaluate The Safety And Exploratory Efficacy Of 1.0 Mg Luminate® (Alg-1001) As A Treatment For Non-Exudative Macular Degeneration |
| NCT03846193 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | TERMINATED | FOCUS: A Phase I/II First in Human Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of GT005 Administered in Subjects With Dry AMD |
| NCT04358471 | PHASE2 | WITHDRAWN | Intravitreal AAVCAGsCD59 for Advanced Dry Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) With Geographic Atrophy (GA) |
| NCT04437368 | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | EXPLORE: A Phase II Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Two Doses of GT005 |
| NCT04566445 | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | HORIZON: A Phase II Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Two Doses of GT005 |
| NCT04643886 | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | A Multiple Dose Study of Repeat Intravitreal Injections of GEM103 in Dry Age-related Macular Degeneration |
| NCT05536752 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | QA102 Phase II Study in Subjects With Dry AMD |
| NCT07024732 | PHASE1 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | A Safety and Tolerability Clinical Trial of PST-611 in Dry Age-related Macular Degeneration |
| NCT00541333 | PHASE1 | SUSPENDED | Weekly Vaccination With Copaxone as a Potential Therapy for Dry Age-related Macular Degeneration |
| NCT00950638 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | A Study of ARC1905 (Anti-C5 Aptamer) in Subjects With Dry Age-related Macular Degeneration |
| NCT03144999 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | Treatment of Advanced Dry Age Related Macular Degeneration With AAVCAGsCD59 |
| NCT03305029 | PHASE1 | UNKNOWN | The Safety and Tolerability of Sub-retinal Transplantation of SCNT-hES-RPE Cells in Patients With Advanced Dry AMD |
| NCT04246866 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | First in Human Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of GEM103 in Geographic Atrophy Secondary to Dry Age Related Macular Degeneration |
| NCT05667688 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Study of LBS-008 in Healthy Volunteers Aged 50-85 |
| NCT03392324 | Not specified | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | PRIMA US-Feasibility Study in Atrophic Dry AMD |
| NCT04065490 | Not specified | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Study of Photobiomodulation to Treat Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration (LIGHTSITE III) |
| NCT04875234 | Not specified | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Vision Improvement for Legally Blind Dry AMD Patients |
| NCT05418231 | Not specified | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Observation of the Natural Course of Age-related Macular Degeneration |
| NCT05706896 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Atrophic Age-related Macular Degeneration Treated With Intravitreal Injections of Umbilical Cord Blood Platelet-rich Plasma |
| NCT05797896 | Not specified | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Investigating Geographic Atrophy Insights (i-GAIN) Natural History Study |
| NCT06351605 | Not specified | RECRUITING | A Registry Study to Assess Photobiomodulation in Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration (EUROLIGHT) (EUROLIGHT) |
| NCT06536062 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Age-related Macular Degeneration of Atrophic Type Treated With Umbilical Cord Blood Enriched With Platelet Plasma. |
| NCT06872658 | Not specified | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Study to Detect Dendritic Cell Recruitment in Human Retina |
| NCT07170683 | Not specified | ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION | Microperimetry Changes in Retinal Function in Macular Disorders |
Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)
| Molecule | Max phase | Trials referencing |
|---|---|---|
| CLOPIDOGREL | 4 | 1 |
| GLATIRAMER ACETATE | 4 | 1 |
| UNOPROSTONE ISOPROPYL | 4 | 1 |
| AVACINCAPTAD PEGOL | 3 | 2 |
| ANECORTAVE ACETATE | 3 | 1 |
| EMIXUSTAT | 3 | 1 |
| FENRETINIDE | 3 | 1 |
| MAXACALCITOL | 3 | 1 |
| TINLAREBANT | 3 | 1 |
| LUSACOMFAR ALFA | 2 | 2 |
| RISUTEGANIB | 2 | 1 |
| CHEMBL5435500 | 0 | 1 |