Fried syndrome

Summary

Fried syndrome (MONDO:0019428) is a disease with 1 cohort gene.

At a glance

• Prevalence: <1 / 1 000 000 (Worldwide) [Orphanet-validated]
• Cohort genes: 1
• ClinVar variants: 1
• Phenotypes (HPO): 21

Clinical features

Epidemiology

Prevalence records

2 prevalence record(s), Orphanet:

Type	Class	Value	Geography	Validation
Cases/families		1	Worldwide	Validated
Point prevalence	<1 / 1 000 000		Worldwide	Validated

Signs & symptoms

Clinical features (HPO)

21 HPO clinical features (Orphanet curated; top 21 by frequency):

HPO ID	Term	Frequency
HP:0000238	Hydrocephalus	Very frequent (80-99%)
HP:0001252	Hypotonia	Very frequent (80-99%)
HP:0001263	Global developmental delay	Very frequent (80-99%)
HP:0001264	Spastic diplegia	Very frequent (80-99%)
HP:0002342	Intellectual disability, moderate	Very frequent (80-99%)
HP:0002465	Poor speech	Very frequent (80-99%)
HP:0002514	Cerebral calcification	Very frequent (80-99%)
HP:0000218	High palate	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0000276	Long face	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0000280	Coarse facial features	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0000322	Short philtrum	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0000400	Macrotia	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0000718	Aggressive behavior	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0000729	Autistic behavior	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0001288	Gait disturbance	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0002650	Scoliosis	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0000365	Hearing impairment	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0000587	Abnormal optic nerve morphology	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0001317	Abnormal cerebellum morphology	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0002684	Thickened calvaria	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0003202	Skeletal muscle atrophy	Occasional (5-29%)

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

Field	Value
Canonical name	fried syndrome
Mondo ID	MONDO:0019428
Orphanet	85335
SNOMED CT	718848000
UMLS	C4305134
MedGen	930803
GARD	0016753
Is cancer (heuristic)	no

Data availability: 1 ClinVar variant · 1 GenCC gene-disease record.

Disease family

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › nervous system disorder › neurodevelopmental disorder › intellectual disability › syndromic intellectual disability › X-linked syndromic intellectual disability › fried syndrome

Related subtypes (80): X-linked intellectual disability-psychosis-macroorchidism syndrome, X-linked intellectual disability-plagiocephaly syndrome, intellectual disability, X-linked 49, MEHMO syndrome, syndromic X-linked intellectual disability 7, syndromic X-linked intellectual disability Shashi type, syndromic X-linked intellectual disability Lubs type, syndromic X-linked intellectual disability Abidi type, syndromic X-linked intellectual disability Siderius type, X-linked intellectual disability, Cabezas type, X-linked intellectual disability, Stocco dos Santos type, X-linked intellectual disability-cubitus valgus-dysmorphism syndrome, corpus callosum agenesis-intellectual disability-coloboma-micrognathia syndrome, X-linked intellectual disability-cerebellar hypoplasia syndrome, Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome, syndromic X-linked intellectual disability Claes-Jensen type, X-linked intellectual disability-retinitis pigmentosa syndrome, syndromic X-linked intellectual disability 14, syndromic X-linked intellectual disability 94, intellectual disability, X-linked syndromic, Turner type, syndromic X-linked intellectual disability Shrimpton type, X-linked intellectual disability-craniofacioskeletal syndrome, syndromic X-linked intellectual disability Raymond type, syndromic X-linked intellectual disability 17, syndromic X-linked intellectual disability Nascimento type, syndromic X-linked intellectual disability Chudley-Schwartz type, X-linked intellectual disability-cardiomegaly-congestive heart failure syndrome, X-linked intellectual disability, Cantagrel type, X-linked intellectual disability-short stature-overweight syndrome, intellectual disability, X-linked, syndromic 33, syndromic X-linked intellectual disability 34, intellectual disability, X-linked 99, syndromic, female-restricted, intellectual disability, X-linked, syndromic, Bain type, Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome, Coffin-Lowry syndrome, syndromic X-linked intellectual disability 5, X-linked intellectual disability-seizures-psoriasis syndrome, Renpenning syndrome, Partington syndrome, syndromic X-linked intellectual disability 12, severe X-linked intellectual disability, Gustavson type, syndromic X-linked intellectual disability Snyder type, Wilson-Turner syndrome, Prieto syndrome, skeletal dysplasia-intellectual disability syndrome, X-linked intellectual disability-spastic quadriparesis syndrome, early-onset parkinsonism-intellectual disability syndrome, X-linked intellectual disability, Schimke type, X-linked intellectual disability, Cilliers type, X-linked intellectual disability, van Esch type, X-linked intellectual disability-epilepsy syndrome, ATR-X-related syndrome, X-linked intellectual disability-hypogonadism-ichthyosis-obesity-short stature syndrome, X-linked intellectual disability, Schutz type, X-linked intellectual disability-hypotonia-movement disorder syndrome, X-linked intellectual disability with isolated growth hormone deficiency, X-linked intellectual disability-hypogammaglobulinemia-progressive neurological deterioration syndrome, X-linked intellectual disability-precocious puberty-obesity syndrome, X-linked intellectual disability-epilepsy-progressive joint contractures-dysmorphism syndrome, X-linked intellectual disability-macrocephaly-macroorchidism syndrome, X-linked intellectual disability, Pai type, X-linked intellectual disability, Seemanova type, X-linked intellectual disability, Stevenson type, X-linked intellectual disability, Stoll type, X-linked intellectual disability-acromegaly-hyperactivity syndrome, X-linked intellectual disability-corpus callosum agenesis-spastic quadriparesis syndrome, X-linked intellectual disability-ataxia-apraxia syndrome, intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked, syndromic, Pilorge type, Paganini-Miozzo syndrome, intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked, syndromic, Hackmann-Di Donato type, intellectual disability, X-linked, syndromic, 35, intellectual disability, X-linked, syndromic, Houge type, MED12-related intellectual disability syndrome, NAA10-related syndrome, ATP6AP2-related disorder, X-linked intellectual disability with hypopituitarism, SOX3-related X-linked pituitary hormone deficiency with or without intellectual developmental disorder, intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked, syndromic, with pigmentary mosaicism and coarse facies, intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked, syndromic 37, CASK-related intellectual disability

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

No GWAS associations recorded — common-variant (GWAS) studies don’t cover this disease (typical for Mendelian / rare diseases). See the curated gene cohort and Mendelian overlap below.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

ClinVar germline variants

1 retrieved; paginated sample, class counts are floors:

1 pathogenic

ClinVar	Variant (HGVS)	Gene	Classification	Review
504198	NM_001272071.2(AP1S2):c.40C>T (p.Arg14Ter)	AP1S2	Pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter

Genes & proteins

Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers

GenCC: 8 · Orphanet: 3 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0

GenCC gene–disease validity (cohort genes)

the Disease column is the GenCC-asserted condition — a cohort gene’s strongest validity may be for a related predisposition syndrome.

Gene	Classification	Inheritance	Disease	Records
AP1S2	Supportive	X-linked	fried syndrome	8

Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)

Gene	Orphanet ID	Rare disease
AP1S2	Orphanet:1568	X-linked intellectual disability-Dandy-Walker malformation-basal ganglia disease-seizures syndrome
AP1S2	Orphanet:85329	X-linked intellectual disability-hypotonia-facial dysmorphism-aggressive behavior syndrome
AP1S2	Orphanet:85335	Fried syndrome

Cohort genes → proteins

1 cohort genes, 1 distinct canonical proteins.

Evidence partition

Subset	Genes
multi_evidence	1

Cohort genes (full)

Symbol	HGNC	Ensembl	UniProt	Name	Evidence
AP1S2	HGNC:560	ENSG00000182287	P56377	AP-1 complex subunit sigma-2	gencc,clinvar

Cohort function summary

Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.

Symbol	Protein name	Function (lead sentence)
AP1S2	AP-1 complex subunit sigma-2	Subunit of clathrin-associated adaptor protein complex 1 that plays a role in protein sorting in the late-Golgi/trans-Golgi network (TGN) and/or endosomes.

Protein-family classification

Druggable: 0 · Difficult: 0 · Unknown: 1 · Druggable fraction: 0.0

Family distribution

Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.

Family	Genes	Fold	FDR
Other/Unknown	1	1.8×	0.558

Per-gene assignment

Symbol	Family	Druggable?	EC	InterPro (top 3)
AP1S2	Other/Unknown	no		Clathrin_sm-chain_CS, Longin-like_dom_sf, AP_complex_ssu

Expression context

Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.

1 cohort gene are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.

Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)

Bucket	Genes
narrow (1-5 tissues)	0
moderate (6-20)	0
broad (>20)	1
unknown	0

Top tissues across cohort

Tissue	Cohort genes
cauda epididymis	1
corpus epididymis	1
monocyte	1

Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)

Symbol	Bgee breadth	FANTOM5 breadth	SCXA	Top tissues
AP1S2	289	ubiquitous	marker	corpus epididymis, cauda epididymis, monocyte

Protein interactions among cohort

Intra-cohort edges: 0.

Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)

Symbol	Interactor count
AP1S2	1,346

Structural data

PDB: 0 · AlphaFold-only: 1 · No structure: 0

AlphaFold-only cohort genes (top 30 by pLDDT)

Symbol	UniProt	pLDDT
AP1S2	P56377	94.36

Function

Pathway analysis

Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 16. Enrichment computed across 1 evidence-associated genes (1 with Reactome annotation).

Pathways by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 1 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

Pathway	Cohort genes	Fold	FDR	Sample cohort genes
Nef mediated downregulation of MHC class I complex cell surface expression	1	1142.0×	0.008	AP1S2
Nef-mediates down modulation of cell surface receptors by recruiting them to clathrin adapters	1	634.4×	0.008	AP1S2
The role of Nef in HIV-1 replication and disease pathogenesis	1	634.4×	0.008	AP1S2
Host Interactions of HIV factors	1	335.9×	0.010	AP1S2
Lysosome Vesicle Biogenesis	1	326.3×	0.010	AP1S2
trans-Golgi Network Vesicle Budding	1	253.8×	0.011	AP1S2
Golgi Associated Vesicle Biogenesis	1	200.3×	0.011	AP1S2
HIV Infection	1	119.0×	0.017	AP1S2
MHC class II antigen presentation	1	89.2×	0.020	AP1S2
Membrane Trafficking	1	37.1×	0.041	AP1S2
Vesicle-mediated transport	1	34.8×	0.041	AP1S2
Viral Infection Pathways	1	30.8×	0.041	AP1S2
Adaptive Immune System	1	29.8×	0.041	AP1S2
Infectious disease	1	24.8×	0.046	AP1S2
Disease	1	13.1×	0.077	AP1S2
Immune System	1	13.0×	0.077	AP1S2

GO biological processes by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 1 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

GO term	Cohort genes	Fold	FDR	Sample cohort genes
melanosome assembly	1	887.0×	0.003	AP1S2
platelet dense granule organization	1	674.1×	0.003	AP1S2
vesicle-mediated transport	1	96.3×	0.014	AP1S2
intracellular protein transport	1	64.8×	0.015	AP1S2

Therapeutics

Drug target analysis

Approved (phase 4): 0 · Phase ≥3: 0 · Phased (≥1): 0 · Undrugged: 1

Druggability breadth: 0 of 1 evidence-associated genes (0%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).

Top cohort targets by molecule count

Symbol	Molecules	Max phase
AP1S2	0	0

Bioactivity and enzyme data

Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 0.

Pharmacogenomics

Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 1; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.

No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).

Chemical tractability of cohort targets

0 approved/phased compounds have measured bioactivity against a cohort gene (and aren’t yet in disease-level trials). This is a research / tractability signal, NOT a therapeutic recommendation — a bioactivity row often reflects off-target or screening binding (e.g. promiscuous kinase inhibitors against a cohort kinase), implying no disease mechanism.

Druggability pyramid

Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):

Tier	Definition	Genes	Symbols
A	Approved (phase 4 drug)	0
B	Phased (≥1) drug, not yet approved	0
C	Druggable family + PDB, no drug	0
D	Druggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug	0
E	Difficult family or no structure, no drug	1	AP1S2

Undrugged target profiles

1 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).

Symbol	ChEMBL assays	Drugged partners (top 3)
AP1S2	0	—

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 0.