Gastritis

Summary

Gastritis (MONDO:0004966) is a disease (an umbrella term covering 16 Mondo subtypes) with 4 cohort genes (21 GWAS associations across 42 studies) and 86 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include amoxicillin, berberine, and clarithromycin.

At a glance

• Umbrella term: 16 Mondo subtypes
• Cohort genes: 4
• GWAS associations: 21
• Clinical trials: 86

Clinical features

No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

Field	Value
Canonical name	gastritis
Mondo ID	MONDO:0004966
EFO	EFO:0000217
MeSH	D005756
DOID	DOID:4029
ICD-11	1871672644
NCIT	C26780
SNOMED CT	4556007
UMLS	C0017152
MedGen	4843
Is cancer (heuristic)	no

Also known as: acute gastric mucosal erosion · erosive gastritis · erosive gastropathy · gastritis · gastritis (disease) · inflammation of stomach · stomach inflammation

Data availability: 21 GWAS associations (42 studies) · 1 HPO phenotype · 1 cell line.

Disease family

An umbrella term covering 16 Mondo subtypes.

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › digestive system disorder › stomach disorder › gastritis

Related subtypes (18): gastric ulcer, functional gastric disease, Dieulafoy lesion, pylorospasm, cascade stomach, pyloric stenosis, gastric dilatation, stomach diverticulosis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, hiatus hernia, stomach polyp, non-hypoproteinemic hypertrophic gastropathy, gastric neoplasm, angiodysplasia of stomach, achlorhydria, gastric intestinal metaplasia, gastric duplication, pyloric duplication

Subtypes (16): gastroduodenal Crohn disease, viral gastritis, eosinophilic gastritis, bacterial gastritis, fungal gastritis, lymphocytic gastritis, necrotizing gastritis, granulomatous gastritis, gastroduodenitis, alcoholic gastritis, chronic gastritis, gastric mucosal hypertrophy, chronic erosive gastritis, autoimmune gastritis, collagenous gastritis, pediatric collagenous gastritis

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

21 GWAS associations across 42 studies. Top hits map to 16 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).

Top associations by p-value

rsID	p-value	Gene	Risk allele	Odds ratio
rs551168461	1e-12	ZNF385B	G	2.47
rs189729920	8e-12	CDH18	T	2.62
rs531563674	1e-11	SORCS2	A	3.86
rs148092436	2e-11	PVT1	T	2.72
rs564144865	3e-11	LINC01031	T	3.06
rs548414295	3e-11	KCNF1 - RPL6P4	T	1.8
chr6:32644257	3e-10		T	0.04
rs9274362	4e-10	HLA-DQB1	?	0.95
rs11887534	1e-09	ABCG8	?	1.11
rs112614158	2e-08	LINC02416	?	1.11
chr12:85421591	3e-08		C	1.9
rs3845659	4e-08	ISCA1P6 - LINC01854	?
chr1:153897033	4e-08		C	1.09
rs6926620	7e-08	CASC15	?
rs6445797	2e-06	ERC2 - CCDC66	C	1.4
rs1503059	2e-06	CA10	?	1.28
rs10955971	2e-06	COL14A1	T	1.32
rs8112449	2e-06	CDC37	T	1.3
rs7826906	3e-06	MTBP	G	1.32
rs11088226	4e-06	CFAP298-TCP10L, TCP10L	G	1.3
rs945144	9e-06	LY86-AS1	?	1.26

Top studies (by case count)

Study	Lead author	Year	Cases	Controls	Title
GCST90432137	Jiang Y	2023	116,382	213,325	A cross-disorder study to identify causal relationships, shared genetic variants, and genes across 21 digestive disorders.
GCST90473787	UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium	2025	59,353	399,087	Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants.
GCST90667941	UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium	2025	59,353	399,087	Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants.
GCST90129440	Zorina-Lichtenwalter K	2023	41,746	179,970	Genetic risk shared across 24 chronic pain conditions: identification and characterization with genomic structural equation modeling.
GCST90080208	Backman JD	2021	37,321	345,285	Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants.
GCST90084194	Backman JD	2021	37,321	345,285	Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants.
GCST90080206	Backman JD	2021	19,439	366,238	Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants.
GCST90084192	Backman JD	2021	19,439	366,238	Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants.
GCST90044139	Jiang L	2021	17,420	438,928	A generalized linear mixed model association tool for biobank-scale data.
GCST90726804	Kim HI	2026	8,516	35,510	Exome sequencing and analysis of 44,028 British South Asians enriched for high autozygosity.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

Tier distribution (top 50 variants)

Tier	Variants
Tier 1: coding	1
Tier 2: splice/UTR	0
Tier 3: regulatory	0
Tier 4: intronic/intergenic	20

MAF distribution

Bucket	Variants
common (>=0.05)	12
low_freq (0.01-0.05)	0
rare (<0.01)	6
unknown	3

Functional consequences

Consequence	Count
intron_variant	12
intergenic_variant	4
unknown	3
non_coding_transcript_exon_variant	1
missense_variant	1

Top variants

rsID	Chr	Pos	Alleles	MAF	Consequence	Gene	p-value	Tier
rs551168461	2	179810783	G>A	0.001	intron_variant	ZNF385B	1e-12	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs189729920	5	20084119	T>C	0.001	intergenic_variant	CDH18	8e-12	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs531563674	4	7318322	A>C	0	intron_variant	SORCS2	1e-11	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs148092436	8	127828407	T>C	0	intron_variant	PVT1	2e-11	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs564144865	1	193349223	T>G	0.001	non_coding_transcript_exon_variant	LINC01031	3e-11	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs548414295	2	10969056	T>A	0.002	intergenic_variant	KCNF1 - RPL6P4	3e-11	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr6:32644257							3e-10	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs9274362	6	32664709	T>A,C	0.05	intron_variant	HLA-DQB1	4e-10	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs11887534	2	43839108	G>A,C	0.05	missense_variant	ABCG8	1e-09	Tier 1: coding
rs112614158	12	47357406	C>A,T	0.05	intron_variant	LINC02416	2e-08	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr12:85421591							3e-08	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs3845659	2	128715434	C>T	0.05	intron_variant	ISCA1P6 - LINC01854	4e-08	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr1:153897033							4e-08	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs6926620	6	21995317	G>C	0.05	intron_variant	CASC15	7e-08	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs6445797	3	56529312	C>A,G,T	0.05	intergenic_variant	ERC2 - CCDC66	2e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs1503059	17	52127096	C>G	0.05	intron_variant	CA10	2e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs10955971	8	120364107	G>A,C	0.05	intron_variant	COL14A1	2e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs8112449	19	10409388	G>A	0.05	intron_variant	CDC37	2e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs7826906	8	120489483	G>A	0.05	intron_variant	MTBP	3e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs11088226	21	32553221	C>A,G	0.05	intergenic_variant	CFAP298-TCP10L, TCP10L	4e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs945144	6	6476045	T>A,C,G	0.05	intron_variant	LY86-AS1	9e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic

Genes & proteins

Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers

GenCC: 0 · Orphanet: 1 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0

Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)

Gene	Orphanet ID	Rare disease
COL14A1	Orphanet:79501	Punctate palmoplantar keratoderma type 1

Cohort genes → proteins

4 cohort genes, 3 distinct canonical proteins.

Evidence partition

Subset	Genes
gwas_only	4

Cohort genes (full)

Symbol	HGNC	Ensembl	UniProt	Name	Evidence
CA10	HGNC:1369	ENSG00000154975	Q9NS85	Carbonic anhydrase-related protein 10	gwas
MRPL13	HGNC:14278	ENSG00000172172	Q9BYD1	Large ribosomal subunit protein uL13m	gwas
COL14A1	HGNC:2191	ENSG00000187955	Q05707	Collagen alpha-1(XIV) chain	gwas
LY86-AS1	HGNC:26593	ENSG00000216863		LY86 antisense RNA 1	gwas

Cohort function summary

Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.

Symbol	Protein name	Function (lead sentence)
CA10	Carbonic anhydrase-related protein 10	Does not have a catalytic activity.
COL14A1	Collagen alpha-1(XIV) chain	Plays an adhesive role by integrating collagen bundles.

Protein-family classification

Druggable: 1 · Difficult: 0 · Unknown: 3 · Druggable fraction: 0.25

Family distribution

Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.

Family	Genes	Fold	FDR
Antibody/Immunoglobulin	1	7.3×	0.260
Other/Unknown	3	1.3×	0.404

Per-gene assignment

Symbol	Family	Druggable?	EC	InterPro (top 3)
CA10	Other/Unknown	no		CA_dom, Carbonic_anhydrase_a-class, CA_dom_sf
MRPL13	Other/Unknown	no		Ribosomal_uL13, Ribosomal_uL13_bact, Ribosomal_uL13_CS
COL14A1	Antibody/Immunoglobulin	yes		VWF_A, FN3_dom, Collagen
LY86-AS1	Other/Unknown	no

Expression context

Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.

4 cohort genes are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.

Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)

Bucket	Genes
narrow (1-5 tissues)	0
moderate (6-20)	0
broad (>20)	4
unknown	0

Top tissues across cohort

Tissue	Cohort genes
cerebellar cortex	1
cerebellar hemisphere	1
cerebellum	1
adrenal tissue	1
ganglionic eminence	1
mucosa of transverse colon	1
descending thoracic aorta	1
popliteal artery	1
right coronary artery	1
Brodmann (1909) area 9	1
colonic epithelium	1
primordial germ cell in gonad	1

Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)

Symbol	Bgee breadth	FANTOM5 breadth	SCXA	Top tissues
CA10	167	tissue_specific	marker	cerebellar cortex, cerebellar hemisphere, cerebellum
MRPL13	284	ubiquitous	marker	mucosa of transverse colon, adrenal tissue, ganglionic eminence
COL14A1	245	broad	marker	descending thoracic aorta, right coronary artery, popliteal artery
LY86-AS1	154	tissue_specific	marker	primordial germ cell in gonad, colonic epithelium, Brodmann (1909) area 9

Protein interactions among cohort

Intra-cohort edges: 0.

Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)

Symbol	Interactor count
MRPL13	5,398
CA10	2,597
COL14A1	1,991
LY86-AS1	0

Structural data

PDB: 1 · AlphaFold-only: 2 · No structure: 1

Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)

Symbol	UniProt	PDB entries
MRPL13	Q9BYD1	72

AlphaFold-only cohort genes (top 30 by pLDDT)

Symbol	UniProt	pLDDT
CA10	Q9NS85	85.65
COL14A1	Q05707	74.06

Function

Pathway analysis

Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 11. Enrichment computed across 4 evidence-associated genes (2 with Reactome annotation).

Pathways by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 2 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

Pathway	Cohort genes	Fold	FDR	Sample cohort genes
Collagen chain trimerization	1	129.8×	0.022	COL14A1
Assembly of collagen fibrils and other multimeric structures	1	100.2×	0.022	COL14A1
Collagen degradation	1	87.8×	0.022	COL14A1
Collagen biosynthesis and modifying enzymes	1	85.2×	0.022	COL14A1
Mitochondrial translation	1	68.8×	0.022	MRPL13
Mitochondrial translation initiation	1	63.4×	0.022	MRPL13
Mitochondrial translation elongation	1	63.4×	0.022	MRPL13
Mitochondrial ribosome-associated quality control	1	61.4×	0.022	MRPL13
Mitochondrial translation termination	1	54.9×	0.022	MRPL13
Translation	1	31.0×	0.035	MRPL13
Metabolism of proteins	1	6.2×	0.155	MRPL13

GO biological processes by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 3 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

GO term	Cohort genes	Fold	FDR	Sample cohort genes
regulation of cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development	1	5617.3×	0.002	COL14A1
ventricular cardiac muscle tissue development	1	702.2×	0.007	COL14A1
homeostasis of number of cells within a tissue	1	147.8×	0.022	COL14A1
collagen fibril organization	1	74.9×	0.029	COL14A1
negative regulation of translation	1	65.3×	0.029	MRPL13
mitochondrial translation	1	57.9×	0.029	MRPL13
extracellular matrix organization	1	40.7×	0.033	COL14A1
translation	1	34.2×	0.033	MRPL13
cell-cell adhesion	1	33.8×	0.033	COL14A1
brain development	1	26.5×	0.037	CA10

Therapeutics

Drugs indicated for this disease

0 approved, 6 in late-stage (phase 3) trials. Disease-direct ChEMBL indications, not inferred from the associated-gene cohort below.

Drug	Development status
Amoxicillin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Clarithromycin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Esomeprazole	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Lansoprazole	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Rebamipide	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Recoflavone	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)

Earlier-phase candidates (phase 2, investigational — efficacy not yet established): Omeprazole.

Drug target analysis

Approved (phase 4): 0 · Phase ≥3: 0 · Phased (≥1): 0 · Undrugged: 4

Druggability breadth: 1 of 4 evidence-associated genes (25%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).

Top cohort targets by molecule count

Symbol	Molecules	Max phase
CA10	0	0
MRPL13	0	0
COL14A1	0	0
LY86-AS1	0	0

Bioactivity and enzyme data

Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 0.

Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)

Symbol	Assays	Type breakdown
COL14A1	1	Binding:1

Pharmacogenomics

Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 4; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.

No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).

Chemical tractability of cohort targets

0 approved/phased compounds have measured bioactivity against a cohort gene (and aren’t yet in disease-level trials). This is a research / tractability signal, NOT a therapeutic recommendation — a bioactivity row often reflects off-target or screening binding (e.g. promiscuous kinase inhibitors against a cohort kinase), implying no disease mechanism.

Druggability pyramid

Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):

Tier	Definition	Genes	Symbols
A	Approved (phase 4 drug)	0
B	Phased (≥1) drug, not yet approved	0
C	Druggable family + PDB, no drug	0
D	Druggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug	1	COL14A1
E	Difficult family or no structure, no drug	3	CA10, MRPL13, LY86-AS1

Undrugged target profiles

4 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).

Symbol	ChEMBL assays	Drugged partners (top 3)
CA10	0	—
MRPL13	0	—
COL14A1	1	—
LY86-AS1	0	—

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 86.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

Phase	Trials
Not specified	39
PHASE3	15
PHASE4	14
PHASE1	8
PHASE2	7
PHASE2/PHASE3	2
EARLY_PHASE1	1

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT07139366	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Saccharomyces Boulardii Combined With Bismuth Quadruple Therapy for Helicobacter Pylori Rescue Treatment
NCT01190657	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety of Teprenone in Patients With Acute Gastritis, Acute Gastric Lesion of Chronic Gastritis With Acute Exacerbation or Gastric Ulcer
NCT01817556	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and of Stillen Tab. and to Demonstrate the Non-inferiority of Stillen Tab.
NCT02175186	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect of ALBIS on Gastroduodenal Mucosal Injury in Patients Receiving Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
NCT02296021	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Helicobacter Pylori Eradication With Berberine Quadruple Therapy Versus Bismuth-containing Quadruple Therapy
NCT02356679	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety of Eupasidin-s Tab.(EUPASIDIN-S) in Gastritis Patients
NCT02393430	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Clinical Effect of Rebamipide on Chronic Gastritis
NCT02633930	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Helicobacter Pylori Eradication With Berberine Quadruple Therapy Versus Clarithromycin Quadruple Therapy
NCT03609892	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Helicobacter Rescue Therapy With Berberine Plus Amoxicillin Quadruple Therapy Versus Tetracycline Plus Furazolidone Quadruple Therapy
NCT03857425	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Helicobacter Pylori Eradication With Clostridum Butyricum Capsule and Bacillus Coagulans Tablets
NCT04678492	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Helicobacter Rescue Therapy With High-dose Esomeprazole and Amoxicillin Dual Therapy Versus Bismuth-containing Quadruple Therapy
NCT05072938	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Clinical Trial to Compare Rebamipide/Nizatidine Combination Therapy With Nizatidine Monotherapy in Patients With Gastritis
NCT05237115	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Helicobacter Pylori Eradication With Probiotics Combined With Triple Therapy Versus Bismuth-containing Quadruple Therapy
NCT05742568	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effects of High-dose Dual Therapy and Bismuth Quadruple Therapy for Helicobacter Pylori Eradication on Intestinal Microecology
NCT00132171	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Helicobacter Pylori Eradication With a New Sequential Treatment
NCT00149084	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Tailored Treatment of H. Pylori Infection Based Polymorphisms of CYP2C19 and 23S rRNA of H. Pylori
NCT00197418	PHASE2/PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Second Line Therapy for the Cure of Helicobacter Pylori (H. Pylori) Infection
NCT01813812	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of DA-6034 and to Demonstrate the Non-inferiority of DA-6034
NCT01828645	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Residual Gastric Volume After the Ingestion of a Beverage Containing Carbohydrates Plus Whey Protein
NCT02246439	PHASE3	COMPLETED	BEKINDA (Ondansetron 24 mg Bimodal Release Tablets) for Vomiting Due to Presumed Acute Gastroenteritis or Gastritis
NCT02282670	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of DA-5204
NCT03184415	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Efficacy and Safety of DWC20155/DWC20156 Combination Therapy in Patients With Gastritis
NCT03443804	PHASE3	COMPLETED	To Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of DW-1401 in Acute and Chronic Gastritis Patients
NCT04066530	PHASE3	COMPLETED	A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of AD-203
NCT04189705	PHASE3	COMPLETED	A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of MCT-SR in Patients With Gastritis
NCT04255589	PHASE3	COMPLETED	A Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of CKD-495
NCT04341454	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of DWP14012 in Patients With Acute or Chronic Gastritis
NCT05024721	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of HIP2101 in Patients With Acute or Chronic Gastritis
NCT05163756	PHASE3	COMPLETED	To Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of DW1903 in Acute and Chronic Gastritis Patient
NCT06151210	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of DA-5219 in Patients With Acute or Chronic Gastritis
NCT06576882	PHASE3	COMPLETED	7 Days vs. 14 Days of Vonoprazan-based Triple Therapy for H. Pylori Eradication
NCT00854880	PHASE2	COMPLETED	A Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of PDC-339 for the Treatment of Acute Erosive Gastritis
NCT01578811	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of SK-MS10 in Subjects With Acute and Chronic Gastritis
NCT02353039	PHASE2	UNKNOWN	Phase II Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of GC6101A in Subjects With Gastritis
NCT03428568	PHASE2	UNKNOWN	Safety Trial of Herbal Melanin in Gastritis Patients
NCT03437785	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of CKD-495 Tablet
NCT04672018	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety of Houtou Jianweiling Tablet in the Treatment of Chronic Non-Atrophic Gastritis
NCT07139886	PHASE2	COMPLETED	A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of DA9601 for Acute and Chronic Gastritis and to Determine the Optimal Clinical Dosage and Administration
NCT07385248	PHASE1	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	A Clinical Trial to Assess the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of AD-229 Compared to AD-2291 in Healthy Adults
NCT00613665	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Safety and Immunogenicity of Chiron’s Investigational H. Pylori Vaccine in Healthy Adults

Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Trials referencing
AMOXICILLIN	4	10
BERBERINE	4	9
CLARITHROMYCIN	4	6
FURAZOLIDONE	4	3
TETRACYCLINE	4	3
ESOMEPRAZOLE	4	2
LANSOPRAZOLE	4	2
VONOPRAZAN	4	2
RABEPRAZOLE	4	1
REBAMIPIDE	3	6
RECOFLAVONE	3	1
TEPRENONE	3	1
IRSOGLADINE MALEATE	1	1
CHEMBL3137673	0	7
CHEMBL1703336	0	3
CHEMBL1374738	0	3
CHEMBL1572167	0	3
CHEMBL4283875	0	1