Gastroparesis

Summary

Gastroparesis (MONDO:0006769) is a disease with 10 GWAS associations across 5 studies and 212 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include domperidone, cisapride, and prucalopride. A subtype of functional gastric disease — broader associated-gene and molecular evidence is on the parent page (see Disease family below).

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 10
• Clinical trials: 212

Clinical features

No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

Field	Value
Canonical name	gastroparesis
Mondo ID	MONDO:0006769
EFO	EFO:1000948
MeSH	D018589
DOID	DOID:11914
ICD-10-CM	K31.84
ICD-11	598423727
SNOMED CT	196753007
UMLS	C0152020
MedGen	101809
MedDRA	10018043
Is cancer (heuristic)	no

Also known as: gastroparalysis · gastroparesis · gastroparesis (disease) · gastroparesis syndrome

Data availability: 10 GWAS associations (5 studies) · 1 HPO phenotype.

Disease family

This is a subtype of functional gastric disease. Genetic, therapeutic, and trial evidence is largely curated at the broader-term level — see the parent page for the associated-gene cohort and molecular evidence.

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › digestive system disorder › stomach disorder › functional gastric disease › gastroparesis

Related subtypes (2): dyspepsia, postgastrectomy syndrome

Subtypes (1): idiopathic gastroparesis

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

10 GWAS associations across 5 studies. Top hits map to 8 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).

Top associations by p-value

rsID	p-value	Gene	Risk allele	Odds ratio
rs568305417	3e-11	TRD-AS1	A	2.94
rs9273363	1e-07	HLA-DQA1 - HLA-DQB1	A	1.4
rs9277545	4e-07	HLA-DPB1	T	1.4
rs6550256	1e-06	LINC01811	A	1.7
rs61655672	2e-06	MESP2	T	0.4
rs10224770	3e-06	MNX1	A	1.7
rs275478	4e-06	LINC02236 - LINC02196	A	1.3
rs6984536	4e-06	SNTG1 - PXDNL	A	1.4
rs17823772	6e-06	CFAP43	T	1.6
rs58826461	7e-06	PRKG1-AS1, PRKG1	T	0.6

Top studies (by case count)

Study	Lead author	Year	Cases	Controls	Title
GCST90478363	Verma A	2024	2,813	446,383	Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.
GCST90478362	Verma A	2024	928	120,240	Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.
GCST90480304	Verma A	2024	928	120,240	Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.
GCST90295922	Tavares LC	2023	880	58,271	A pilot genome-wide association study meta-analysis of gastroparesis.
GCST90482146	Verma A	2024	414	59,137	Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

Tier distribution (top 50 variants)

Tier	Variants
Tier 1: coding	0
Tier 2: splice/UTR	1
Tier 3: regulatory	2
Tier 4: intronic/intergenic	7

MAF distribution

Bucket	Variants
common (>=0.05)	8
low_freq (0.01-0.05)	1
rare (<0.01)	1
unknown	0

Functional consequences

Consequence	Count
intron_variant	4
intergenic_variant	3
regulatory_region_variant	2
3_prime_UTR_variant	1

Top variants

rsID	Chr	Pos	Alleles	MAF	Consequence	Gene	p-value	Tier
rs568305417	14	22324868	A>G	0.001	intron_variant	TRD-AS1	3e-11	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs9273363	6	32658495	C>A,G	0.28	intergenic_variant	HLA-DQA1 - HLA-DQB1	1e-07	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs9277545	6	33087546	C>A,T	0.26	3_prime_UTR_variant	HLA-DPB1	4e-07	Tier 2: splice/UTR
rs6550256	3	34169402	A>G,T	0.09	intergenic_variant	LINC01811	1e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs61655672	15	89770245	T>C	0.03	regulatory_region_variant	MESP2	2e-06	Tier 3: regulatory
rs10224770	7	157004717	G>A,C	0.09	regulatory_region_variant	MNX1	3e-06	Tier 3: regulatory
rs275478	5	6834960	G>A	0.4	intergenic_variant	LINC02236 - LINC02196	4e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs6984536	8	51318428	G>A	0.27	intron_variant	SNTG1 - PXDNL	4e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs17823772	10	104169009	C>T	0.12	intron_variant	CFAP43	6e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs58826461	10	52220867	G>T	0.1	intron_variant	PRKG1-AS1, PRKG1	7e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic

Genes & proteins

No associated-gene cohort resolved for this disease. Atlas builds the molecular and therapeutic sections — associated genes, protein families, druggability, pathways, interactions, and drug associations — by aggregating over a disease’s associated genes (resolved via GWAS / GenCC / ClinVar / CIViC), and none resolved here. This is expected for antibody-mediated, autoimmune, or otherwise non-gene-defined conditions; the curated evidence for this disease is its clinical features, GWAS susceptibility, and clinical trials (above).

Function

No pathway enrichment — requires an associated-gene cohort.

Therapeutics

Drugs indicated or in trials for this disease

No drug has an approved disease-direct ChEMBL indication for this disease.

20 drugs in clinical trials for this disease (phase 2–3, investigational): efficacy not established — a trial record, not an indication.

Drug	Highest phase
Domperidone	Phase 3
Metoclopramide	Phase 3
Nortriptyline	Phase 3
Onabotulinumtoxina	Phase 3
Tradipitant	Phase 3
Aprepitant	Phase 2
Azithromycin	Phase 2
Buspirone	Phase 2
Camicinal	Phase 2
Dextrose	Phase 2
Docusate	Phase 2
Erythromycin	Phase 2
Granisetron	Phase 2
Methylnaltrexone	Phase 2
Neostigmine	Phase 2
Ondansetron	Phase 2
Promethazine	Phase 2
Senna	Phase 2
Sepiapterin	Phase 2
Tadalafil	Phase 2

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 212.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

Phase	Trials
Not specified	140
PHASE2	31
PHASE3	13
PHASE1	12
PHASE4	9
PHASE1/PHASE2	4
EARLY_PHASE1	2
PHASE2/PHASE3	1

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00390975	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Effect of Tegaserod on Gastric Emptying in Patients With Diabetic Gastroparesis
NCT00492622	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Pharmacokinetics of Immediate-Release vs. Delayed-Release Omeprazole in Gastroparesis
NCT00556166	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Enterra Therapy Gastric Stimulation System
NCT01281540	PHASE4	TERMINATED	An Efficacy and Safety Study of Cisapride in Patients With Chronic Gastroparesis After Failure of Other Treatment Options
NCT01286090	PHASE4	TERMINATED	An Efficacy and Safety Study of Cisapride for Improving Symptoms Associated With Gastroparesis in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus
NCT01326117	PHASE4	WITHDRAWN	Daily Tadalafil and Gastric Emptying Time in Diabetic Gastroparesis
NCT02057549	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Haloperidol vs Conventional Therapy for Gastroparesis
NCT02510976	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Prucalopride Versus Placebo in Gastroparesis
NCT06533527	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Holding vs. Continuing Incretin-based Therapies Before Upper Endoscopy
NCT01696734	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Domperidone in Treating Patients With Gastrointestinal Disorders
NCT06836557	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Open Label Safety Study of Tradipitant in Idiopathic and Diabetic Gastroparesis
NCT00227383	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Effect of Electroacupuncture in Diabetic Patients With Gastroparesis
NCT00432835	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Temporary Gastric Electrical Stimulation for Drug Refractory Gastroparesis
NCT01378884	PHASE3	WITHDRAWN	The Use of Domperidone for Gastroparesis
NCT01989221	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Sancuso® for Gastroparesis: An Open Label Study.
NCT02031081	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Prucalopride Versus Placebo in Gastroparesis
NCT02927886	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Per-oral Endoscopy Pyloromyotomy (G-POEM) in the Treatment of Refractory Diabetic Gastroparesis : Prospective Evaluation of Efficacy
NCT03285308	PHASE3	TERMINATED	A Safety and Efficacy Study of Relamorelin in Diabetic Gastroparesis 01
NCT03383146	PHASE3	TERMINATED	A Safety and Efficacy Study of Relamorelin in Diabetic Gastroparesis Study 04
NCT03420781	PHASE3	TERMINATED	A Safety and Efficacy Study of Relamorelin in Diabetic Gastroparesis Study 03
NCT03426345	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Relamorelin in Participants With Diabetic Gastroparesis Study 02
NCT03786380	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Diabetic Gastroparesis Study 05
NCT04028492	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Tradipitant vs. Placebo in Idiopathic and Diabetic Gastroparesis
NCT00050609	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Study of Tadalafil for the Treatment of Diabetic Patients With Symptoms of Upset Stomach and Delayed Stomach Emptying
NCT00050882	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Safety and Effectiveness of an Investigational Agent (GM-611) in Patients With Diabetic Gastroparesis
NCT00370084	PHASE1/PHASE2	COMPLETED	Itopride Hydrochloride in Diabetes: Effects on Gastric Emptying and Glycemia
NCT00612014	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Safety and Efficacy of IV Infusion of Investigational Agent (TZP-101) in Patients With Severe Diabetic Gastroparesis
NCT00760461	PHASE2	TERMINATED	Domperidone in Refractory Gastroparesis
NCT00845858	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety of Metoclopramide Nasal Spray Solution in Diabetic Patients With Gastroparesis
NCT00861809	PHASE2	COMPLETED	The Effect of Single Doses of the Motilin Receptor Agonist GSK962040 in Type I Diabetic Patients With Gastroparesis
NCT00889486	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Safety and Efficacy of Once-daily Oral Administrations of TZP-102 for Gastroparesis in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus
NCT01039805	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Single Doses of GSK962040 in Critically Ill Patients With Enteral Feed Intolerance
NCT01117376	PHASE2	TERMINATED	Methylnaltrexone vs Erythromycin for Facilitating Gastric Emptying Time in Critically Ill Patients
NCT01149369	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Aprepitant for the Relief of Nausea in Patients With Chronic Nausea and Vomiting of Presumed Gastric Origin Trial
NCT01206582	PHASE2	COMPLETED	A Pilot Study of Hemin Therapy for Gastroparesis (Diabetes Mellitus)
NCT01262898	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Dose Response of 28 Days of Dosing of GSK962040 in Type I and II Diabetic Male and Female Subjects With Gastroparesis
NCT01323582	PHASE2	TERMINATED	Comparison of Two Macrolides, Azithromycin and Erythromycin, for Symptomatic Treatment of Gastroparesis
NCT01452815	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Affects of Once-daily Oral Administration of TZP-102 on the Treatment of Symptoms Associated With Diabetic Gastroparesis
NCT01571297	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Phase 2 Study to Evaluate Safety & Efficacy of RM-131 Administered to Patients With Diabetic Gastroparesis
NCT01602549	PHASE2	COMPLETED	A Study to Assess the Effect of Repeat Doses of GSK962040 on the Pharmacokinetics of L-DOPA in Subjects With Parkinson’s Disease Exhibiting Delayed Gastric Emptying

Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Trials referencing
DOMPERIDONE	4	13
CISAPRIDE	4	6
PRUCALOPRIDE	4	4
TEGASEROD	4	3
ERYTHROMYCIN	4	2
LISINOPRIL ANHYDROUS	4	2
METHYLNALTREXONE	4	2
METOCLOPRAMIDE	4	2
ALBUMIN HUMAN	4	1
APREPITANT	4	1
BUSPIRONE	4	1
CANNABIDIOL	4	1
ESOMEPRAZOLE	4	1
GRANISETRON	4	1
HALOPERIDOL	4	1
KETOCONAZOLE	4	1
LEVOKETOCONAZOLE	4	1
LIXISENATIDE	4	1
NIZATIDINE	4	1
OMEPRAZOLE	4	1
SAPROPTERIN DIHYDROCHLORIDE	4	1
TADALAFIL	4	1
CAMICINAL	3	7
RELAMORELIN	3	6
TRADIPITANT	3	4
ULIMORELIN HYDROCHLORIDE	3	2
HEMIN	3	1
ITOPRIDE	3	1
SEPIAPTERIN	3	1
URACIL	3	1