Glanzmann thrombasthenia

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Summary

Glanzmann thrombasthenia (MONDO:0100326) is a disease with 3 cohort genes and 14 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include alefacept, concizumab, and fludarabine phosphate.

At a glance

  • Prevalence: Unknown (Worldwide)
  • Cohort genes: 3
  • ClinVar variants: 1,130
  • Phenotypes (HPO): 20
  • Clinical trials: 14

Clinical features

Signs & symptoms

Clinical features (HPO)

20 HPO clinical features (Orphanet curated; top 20 by frequency):

HPO IDTermFrequency
HP:0003010Prolonged bleeding timeVery frequent (80-99%)
HP:0004406Spontaneous, recurrent epistaxisVery frequent (80-99%)
HP:0000225Gingival bleedingFrequent (30-79%)
HP:0000978Bruising susceptibilityFrequent (30-79%)
HP:0004846Prolonged bleeding after surgeryFrequent (30-79%)
HP:0030137Prolonged bleeding following circumcisionFrequent (30-79%)
HP:0000132MenorrhagiaOccasional (5-29%)
HP:0000979PurpuraOccasional (5-29%)
HP:0002239Gastrointestinal hemorrhageOccasional (5-29%)
HP:0007420Spontaneous hematomasOccasional (5-29%)
HP:0012587Macroscopic hematuriaOccasional (5-29%)
HP:0031364EcchymosisOccasional (5-29%)
HP:0400008MenometrorrhagiaOccasional (5-29%)
HP:0004866Impaired ADP-induced platelet aggregationExcluded (0%)
HP:0008148Impaired epinephrine-induced platelet aggregationExcluded (0%)
HP:0011870Impaired arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregationExcluded (0%)
HP:0011872Impaired thrombin-induced platelet aggregationExcluded (0%)
HP:0011894Impaired thromboxane A2 agonist-induced platelet aggregationExcluded (0%)
HP:0031128Impaired collagen-related peptide-induced platelet aggregationExcluded (0%)
HP:0011871Impaired ristocetin-induced platelet aggregationVery rare (<1-4%)

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

FieldValue
Canonical nameGlanzmann thrombasthenia
Mondo IDMONDO:0100326
OMIM273800
Orphanet849
ICD-111927726560
UMLSC0040015
MedGen52736
GARD0002478
NORD1186
Is cancer (heuristic)no

Also known as: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

Data availability: 1,130 ClinVar variants · 493 ClinGen variant curations.

Disease family

An umbrella term covering 2 Mondo subtypes.

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › hematologic disorderhemorrhagic diseaseinherited bleeding disorder, platelet-typeGlanzmann thrombasthenia

Related subtypes (27): gray platelet syndrome, primary release disorder of platelets, platelet-type von Willebrand disease, platelet-type bleeding disorder 16, platelet-type bleeding disorder 17, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, fibronectinemic type, Bernard-Soulier syndrome, Scott syndrome, congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, Quebec platelet disorder, platelet-type bleeding disorder 12, platelet-type bleeding disorder 10, platelet-type bleeding disorder 8, platelet-type bleeding disorder 14, platelet-type bleeding disorder 9, platelet-type bleeding disorder 11, platelet-type bleeding disorder 15, platelet-type bleeding disorder 18, platelet-type bleeding disorder 19, platelet-type bleeding disorder 20, macrothrombocytopenia and granulocyte inclusions with or without nephritis or sensorineural hearing loss, cytosolic phospholipase-A2 alpha deficiency associated bleeding disorder, bleeding disorder, platelet-type, 24, bleeding disorder, platelet-type, 22, bleeding disorder, platelet-type, 21, bleeding diathesis due to thromboxane synthesis deficiency, bleeding disorder, platelet-type, 25

Subtypes (2): Glanzmann thrombasthenia 2, Glanzmann thrombasthenia 1

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

No GWAS associations recorded — common-variant (GWAS) studies don’t cover this disease (typical for Mendelian / rare diseases). See the curated gene cohort and Mendelian overlap below.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

ClinVar germline variants

600 retrieved; paginated sample, class counts are floors:

211 uncertain significance, 141 pathogenic, 126 likely benign, 78 likely pathogenic, 35 benign, 5 conflicting classifications of pathogenicity, 4 benign/likely benign

ClinVarVariant (HGVS)GeneClassificationReview
13564NM_000212.3(ITGB3):c.2248C>T (p.Arg750Ter)EFCAB13-DTPathogenicreviewed by expert panel
1074062NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.1253del (p.Gly418fs)ITGA2BPathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
1210178NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.1232dup (p.Tyr411Ter)ITGA2BPathogenicreviewed by expert panel
1210179NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.2348+5G>CITGA2BPathogenicreviewed by expert panel
1210184NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.1051C>T (p.Arg351Ter)ITGA2BPathogenicreviewed by expert panel
1210189NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.245dup (p.Gly83fs)ITGA2BPathogenicreviewed by expert panel
1210190NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.2015del (p.Gly672fs)ITGA2BPathogenicreviewed by expert panel
1210196NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.1608del (p.Asn536fs)ITGA2BPathogenicreviewed by expert panel
1210197NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.1460_1461insAGGT (p.Ser488fs)ITGA2BPathogenicreviewed by expert panel
1210205NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.1233C>A (p.Tyr411Ter)ITGA2BPathogenicreviewed by expert panel
1210207NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.2459del (p.Asn820fs)ITGA2BPathogenicreviewed by expert panel
1330319NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.2444_2445del (p.Thr814_Tyr815insTer)ITGA2BPathogenicreviewed by expert panel
1330320NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.2953C>T (p.Gln985Ter)ITGA2BPathogenicreviewed by expert panel
1330328NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.1993C>T (p.Gln665Ter)ITGA2BPathogenicreviewed by expert panel
1330329NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.727del (p.Leu243fs)ITGA2BPathogenicreviewed by expert panel
1330330NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.432G>A (p.Trp144Ter)ITGA2BPathogenicreviewed by expert panel
1330342NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.574+1G>AITGA2BPathogenicreviewed by expert panel
1330346NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.625-1G>AITGA2BPathogenicreviewed by expert panel
1330347NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.2421G>A (p.Trp807Ter)ITGA2BPathogenicreviewed by expert panel
1684324NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.138dup (p.Gly47fs)ITGA2BPathogenicreviewed by expert panel
1691463NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.957T>A (p.Tyr319Ter)ITGA2BPathogenicreviewed by expert panel
1691468NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.2338del (p.Glu780fs)ITGA2BPathogenicreviewed by expert panel
1691469NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.1919_1920del (p.Val640fs)ITGA2BPathogenicreviewed by expert panel
1691471NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.3060G>A (p.Lys1020=)ITGA2BPathogenicreviewed by expert panel
1691473NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.2673_2674dup (p.Ile892fs)ITGA2BPathogenicreviewed by expert panel
1691475NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.2770C>T (p.Gln924Ter)ITGA2BPathogenicreviewed by expert panel
1691485NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.2902del (p.Tyr968fs)ITGA2BPathogenicreviewed by expert panel
1691486NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.2578C>T (p.Gln860Ter)ITGA2BPathogenicreviewed by expert panel
1691491NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.224del (p.Gly75fs)ITGA2BPathogenicreviewed by expert panel
1703867NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.337C>T (p.Gln113Ter)ITGA2BPathogenicreviewed by expert panel

Genes & proteins

Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers

GenCC: 0 · Orphanet: 6 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0

Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)

GeneOrphanet IDRare disease
ITGA2BOrphanet:140957Autosomal dominant macrothrombocytopenia
ITGA2BOrphanet:849Glanzmann thrombasthenia
ITGA2BOrphanet:853Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia
ITGB3Orphanet:140957Autosomal dominant macrothrombocytopenia
ITGB3Orphanet:849Glanzmann thrombasthenia
ITGB3Orphanet:853Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia

Cohort genes → proteins

3 cohort genes, 2 distinct canonical proteins.

Evidence partition

SubsetGenes
multi_evidence3

Cohort genes (full)

SymbolHGNCEnsemblUniProtNameEvidence
EFCAB13-DTHGNC:55338ENSG00000263293EFCAB13 divergent transcriptclinvar
ITGA2BHGNC:6138ENSG00000005961P08514Integrin alpha-IIbclinvar
ITGB3HGNC:6156ENSG00000259207P05106Integrin beta-3clinvar

Cohort function summary

Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.

SymbolProtein nameFunction (lead sentence)
ITGA2BIntegrin alpha-IIbIntegrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 (ITGA2B:ITGB3) is a receptor for fibronectin, fibrinogen, plasminogen, prothrombin, thrombospondin and vitronectin.
ITGB3Integrin beta-3Integrin alpha-V/beta-3 (ITGAV:ITGB3) is a receptor for cytotactin, fibronectin, laminin, matrix metalloproteinase-2, osteopontin, osteomodulin, prothrombin, thrombospondin, vitronectin and von Willebrand factor.

Protein-family classification

Druggable: 1 · Difficult: 0 · Unknown: 2 · Druggable fraction: 0.33

Family distribution

Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.

FamilyGenesFoldFDR
Antibody/Immunoglobulin19.7×0.199
Other/Unknown21.2×0.587

Per-gene assignment

SymbolFamilyDruggable?ECInterPro (top 3)
EFCAB13-DTOther/Unknownno
ITGA2BAntibody/ImmunoglobulinyesIntegrin_alpha, FG-GAP, Int_alpha_beta-p
ITGB3Other/UnknownnoIntegrin_bsu_VWA, Integrin_bsu_tail, EGF_extracell

Expression context

Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.

2 cohort genes are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.

Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)

BucketGenes
narrow (1-5 tissues)0
moderate (6-20)0
broad (>20)3
unknown0

Top tissues across cohort

TissueCohort genes
leukocyte2
monocyte2
mononuclear cell2
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis1
primordial germ cell in gonad1
right lobe of thyroid gland1

Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)

SymbolBgee breadthFANTOM5 breadthSCXATop tissues
EFCAB13-DT155tissue_specificyesmale germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis, primordial germ cell in gonad, right lobe of thyroid gland
ITGA2B182broadmarkermonocyte, mononuclear cell, leukocyte
ITGB3199ubiquitousmarkermonocyte, mononuclear cell, leukocyte

Protein interactions among cohort

Intra-cohort edges: 1.

Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)

SymbolInteractor count
ITGB33,274
ITGA2B2,486
EFCAB13-DT0

Intra-cohort edges

ABSources
ITGA2BITGB3biogrid_interaction, intact, string_interaction

Structural data

PDB: 2 · AlphaFold-only: 0 · No structure: 1

Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)

SymbolUniProtPDB entries
ITGB3P05106123
ITGA2BP0851478

Function

Pathway analysis

Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 54. Enrichment computed across 3 evidence-associated genes (2 with Reactome annotation).

Pathways by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 2 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

PathwayCohort genesFoldFDRSample cohort genes
Fibrin formation2878.5×3e-05ITGA2B, ITGB3
p130Cas linkage to MAPK signaling for integrins2761.3×3e-05ITGA2B, ITGB3
GRB2:SOS provides linkage to MAPK signaling for Integrins2713.8×3e-05ITGA2B, ITGB3
Signal transduction by L12519.1×4e-05ITGA2B, ITGB3
Platelet Aggregation (Plug Formation)2439.2×4e-05ITGA2B, ITGB3
Integrin signaling2423.0×4e-05ITGA2B, ITGB3
Signaling by RAS mutants2423.0×4e-05ITGA2B, ITGB3
Signaling by high-kinase activity BRAF mutants2317.2×6e-05ITGA2B, ITGB3
MAP2K and MAPK activation2285.5×6e-05ITGA2B, ITGB3
Signaling by RAF1 mutants2278.5×6e-05ITGA2B, ITGB3
Signaling by moderate kinase activity BRAF mutants2253.8×6e-05ITGA2B, ITGB3
Paradoxical activation of RAF signaling by kinase inactive BRAF2253.8×6e-05ITGA2B, ITGB3
Signaling downstream of RAS mutants2253.8×6e-05ITGA2B, ITGB3
Oncogenic MAPK signaling2248.3×6e-05ITGA2B, ITGB3
Signaling by BRAF and RAF1 fusions2170.4×1e-04ITGA2B, ITGB3
Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+2163.1×1e-04ITGA2B, ITGB3
ECM proteoglycans2150.3×1e-04ITGA2B, ITGB3
Integrin cell surface interactions2134.3×2e-04ITGA2B, ITGB3
MAPK1/MAPK3 signaling2131.3×2e-04ITGA2B, ITGB3
L1CAM interactions2120.2×2e-04ITGA2B, ITGB3
Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation2105.7×2e-04ITGA2B, ITGB3
MAPK family signaling cascades2102.9×2e-04ITGA2B, ITGB3
Platelet degranulation287.8×3e-04ITGA2B, ITGB3
Extracellular matrix organization263.1×6e-04ITGA2B, ITGB3
RAF/MAP kinase cascade261.1×6e-04ITGA2B, ITGB3
Diseases of signal transduction by growth factor receptors and second messengers256.8×6e-04ITGA2B, ITGB3
Axon guidance245.1×1e-03ITGA2B, ITGB3
Nervous system development242.9×0.001ITGA2B, ITGB3
Hemostasis236.0×0.001ITGA2B, ITGB3
PECAM1 interactions1439.2×0.004ITGB3

GO biological processes by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 2 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

GO termCohort genesFoldFDRSample cohort genes
cell-matrix adhesion2163.6×0.001ITGA2B, ITGB3
integrin-mediated signaling pathway2160.5×0.001ITGA2B, ITGB3
regulation of serotonin uptake18426.0×0.002ITGB3
positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway18426.0×0.002ITGB3
negative regulation of lipoprotein metabolic process14213.0×0.003ITGB3
regulation of trophoblast cell migration14213.0×0.003ITGB3
maintenance of postsynaptic specialization structure12808.7×0.003ITGB3
regulation of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor diffusion trapping12808.7×0.003ITGB3
negative regulation of lipid transport12106.5×0.003ITGB3
tube development12106.5×0.003ITGB3
apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway12106.5×0.003ITGB3
cell-substrate junction assembly11404.3×0.004ITGB3
positive regulation of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation11404.3×0.004ITGB3
smooth muscle cell migration1936.2×0.004ITGB3
regulation of extracellular matrix organization1936.2×0.004ITGB3
angiogenesis involved in wound healing1842.6×0.004ITGB3
blood coagulation, fibrin clot formation1842.6×0.004ITGB3
negative regulation of lipid storage1766.0×0.004ITGB3
negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance1766.0×0.004ITGB3
regulation of bone resorption1766.0×0.004ITGB3
mesodermal cell differentiation1766.0×0.004ITGB3
negative regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation1648.1×0.004ITGB3
cellular response to insulin-like growth factor stimulus1648.1×0.004ITGB3
positive regulation of osteoblast proliferation1601.9×0.004ITGB3
positive regulation of fibroblast migration1561.7×0.004ITGB3
positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway1561.7×0.004ITGB3
positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway1526.6×0.004ITGB3
positive regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin1526.6×0.004ITGB3
wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells1526.6×0.004ITGB3
positive regulation of leukocyte migration1495.6×0.004ITGA2B

Therapeutics

Drug target analysis

Approved (phase 4): 2 · Phase ≥3: 2 · Phased (≥1): 2 · Undrugged: 1

Druggability breadth: 2 of 3 evidence-associated genes (67%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).

Genes with an approved drug

The molecule shown is one approved compound that hits the gene — not necessarily a drug of choice or one indicated for this disease.

SymbolExample approved molecule
ITGA2BEPTIFIBATIDE
ITGB3EPTIFIBATIDE

Top cohort targets by molecule count

SymbolMoleculesMax phase
ITGB3184
ITGA2B144
EFCAB13-DT00

Drugs targeting cohort genes (top 30)

MoleculeMax phaseTargets in cohort
EPTIFIBATIDE4ITGA2B, ITGB3
ASPIRIN4ITGA2B, ITGB3
TIROFIBAN4ITGA2B, ITGB3
PACLITAXEL4ITGB3
NAFAMOSTAT3ITGA2B, ITGB3
CILENGITIDE3ITGA2B, ITGB3
LAMIFIBAN2ITGA2B, ITGB3
ROXIFIBAN2ITGA2B, ITGB3
FRADAFIBAN2ITGA2B, ITGB3
LOTRAFIBAN2ITGA2B, ITGB3
SIBRAFIBAN2ITGA2B, ITGB3
ORBOFIBAN2ITGA2B, ITGB3
XEMILOFIBAN2ITGA2B, ITGB3
GANTOFIBAN2ITGA2B, ITGB3
ELAROFIBAN2ITGA2B, ITGB3
GLPG-01871ITGB3
GSK-3008348 FREE BASE1ITGB3
GSK-30083481ITGB3

Bioactivity and enzyme data

Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 0.

Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)

SymbolAssaysType breakdown
ITGB3771Binding:575, Functional:183, ADMET:13
ITGA2B407Binding:246, Functional:159, ADMET:2

Cohort genes with high screening signal

≥100 ChEMBL assays — a studied-ness signal; see Therapeutics for approved-drug status.

SymbolChEMBL assays
ITGA2B407
ITGB3771

Pharmacogenomics

Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 2; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.

No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).

Chemical tractability of cohort targets

18 approved/phased compounds have measured bioactivity against a cohort gene (and aren’t yet in disease-level trials). This is a research / tractability signal, NOT a therapeutic recommendation — a bioactivity row often reflects off-target or screening binding (e.g. promiscuous kinase inhibitors against a cohort kinase), implying no disease mechanism.

CompoundMax phaseCohort target (bioactivity)
EPTIFIBATIDE4ITGA2B, ITGB3
ASPIRIN4ITGA2B, ITGB3
TIROFIBAN4ITGA2B, ITGB3
PACLITAXEL4ITGB3
NAFAMOSTAT3ITGA2B, ITGB3
CILENGITIDE3ITGA2B, ITGB3
LAMIFIBAN2ITGA2B, ITGB3
ROXIFIBAN2ITGA2B, ITGB3
FRADAFIBAN2ITGA2B, ITGB3
LOTRAFIBAN2ITGA2B, ITGB3
SIBRAFIBAN2ITGA2B, ITGB3
ORBOFIBAN2ITGA2B, ITGB3
XEMILOFIBAN2ITGA2B, ITGB3
GANTOFIBAN2ITGA2B, ITGB3
ELAROFIBAN2ITGA2B, ITGB3
GLPG-01871ITGB3
GSK-3008348 FREE BASE1ITGB3
GSK-30083481ITGB3

Druggability pyramid

Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):

TierDefinitionGenesSymbols
AApproved (phase 4 drug)2ITGA2B, ITGB3
BPhased (≥1) drug, not yet approved0
CDruggable family + PDB, no drug0
DDruggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug0
EDifficult family or no structure, no drug1EFCAB13-DT

Undrugged target profiles

1 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).

SymbolChEMBL assaysDrugged partners (top 3)
EFCAB13-DT0

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 14.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

PhaseTrials
Not specified9
PHASE22
PHASE1/PHASE22
PHASE11

Top trials by phase / activity

NCTPhaseStatusTitle
NCT06211634PHASE1/PHASE2ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITINGA Phase 1/2 Study to Investigate Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Efficacy of HMB-001 in Glanzmann Thrombasthenia
NCT07136857PHASE2RECRUITINGEptacog Beta in Glanzmann’s (HeT_LFB-Strength-Study_FID531)
NCT03333486PHASE2TERMINATEDFludarabine Phosphate, Cyclophosphamide, Total Body Irradiation, and Donor Stem Cell Transplant in Treating Patients With Blood Cancer
NCT04548791PHASE1/PHASE2TERMINATEDStudy of Coagulation Factor VIIa Marzeptacog Alfa (Activated) in Subjects With Inherited Bleeding Disorders
NCT01917708PHASE1COMPLETEDBone Marrow Transplant With Abatacept for Non-Malignant Diseases
NCT00230165Not specifiedRECRUITINGThe Genetics and Functional Basis of Inherited Platelet, White Blood Cell, Red Blood Cell, and Blood Clotting Disorders.
NCT04119908Not specifiedRECRUITINGVideomicroscopy for the Prediction of Bleeding in Constitutional Haemorrhagic Diseases
NCT06204042Not specifiedNOT_YET_RECRUITINGMultinational Glanzmann Study
NCT06820515Not specifiedRECRUITINGATHNdataset Registry
NCT01319851Not specifiedTERMINATEDAlefacept and Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
NCT02179359Not specifiedTERMINATEDHematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant for High Risk Hemoglobinopathies
NCT04595617Not specifiedCOMPLETEDAnti-αIIbβ3 Immunization in Glanzmann Thrombasthenia: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors: Thrombasthenia Anti-αIIbβ3 Antibodies Study (TAAS)
NCT05315232Not specifiedCOMPLETEDThe Experiences of People Who Live With Glanzmanns Thrombasthenia.
NCT06234813Not specifiedCOMPLETEDTargeting TFPI With Concizumab to Improve Haemostasis in Glanzmann Thrombasthenia Patients: an in Vitro Study

Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)

MoleculeMax phaseTrials referencing
ALEFACEPT41
CONCIZUMAB41
FLUDARABINE PHOSPHATE41