Glanzmann thrombasthenia
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Summary
Glanzmann thrombasthenia (MONDO:0100326) is a disease with 3 cohort genes and 14 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include alefacept, concizumab, and fludarabine phosphate.
At a glance
- Prevalence: Unknown (Worldwide)
- Cohort genes: 3
- ClinVar variants: 1,130
- Phenotypes (HPO): 20
- Clinical trials: 14
Clinical features
Signs & symptoms
Clinical features (HPO)
20 HPO clinical features (Orphanet curated; top 20 by frequency):
| HPO ID | Term | Frequency |
|---|---|---|
| HP:0003010 | Prolonged bleeding time | Very frequent (80-99%) |
| HP:0004406 | Spontaneous, recurrent epistaxis | Very frequent (80-99%) |
| HP:0000225 | Gingival bleeding | Frequent (30-79%) |
| HP:0000978 | Bruising susceptibility | Frequent (30-79%) |
| HP:0004846 | Prolonged bleeding after surgery | Frequent (30-79%) |
| HP:0030137 | Prolonged bleeding following circumcision | Frequent (30-79%) |
| HP:0000132 | Menorrhagia | Occasional (5-29%) |
| HP:0000979 | Purpura | Occasional (5-29%) |
| HP:0002239 | Gastrointestinal hemorrhage | Occasional (5-29%) |
| HP:0007420 | Spontaneous hematomas | Occasional (5-29%) |
| HP:0012587 | Macroscopic hematuria | Occasional (5-29%) |
| HP:0031364 | Ecchymosis | Occasional (5-29%) |
| HP:0400008 | Menometrorrhagia | Occasional (5-29%) |
| HP:0004866 | Impaired ADP-induced platelet aggregation | Excluded (0%) |
| HP:0008148 | Impaired epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation | Excluded (0%) |
| HP:0011870 | Impaired arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation | Excluded (0%) |
| HP:0011872 | Impaired thrombin-induced platelet aggregation | Excluded (0%) |
| HP:0011894 | Impaired thromboxane A2 agonist-induced platelet aggregation | Excluded (0%) |
| HP:0031128 | Impaired collagen-related peptide-induced platelet aggregation | Excluded (0%) |
| HP:0011871 | Impaired ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation | Very rare (<1-4%) |
Identifiers
Disease identifiers
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Canonical name | Glanzmann thrombasthenia |
| Mondo ID | MONDO:0100326 |
| OMIM | 273800 |
| Orphanet | 849 |
| ICD-11 | 1927726560 |
| UMLS | C0040015 |
| MedGen | 52736 |
| GARD | 0002478 |
| NORD | 1186 |
| Is cancer (heuristic) | no |
Also known as: Glanzmann thrombasthenia
Data availability: 1,130 ClinVar variants · 493 ClinGen variant curations.
Disease family
An umbrella term covering 2 Mondo subtypes.
Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › hematologic disorder › hemorrhagic disease › inherited bleeding disorder, platelet-type › Glanzmann thrombasthenia
Related subtypes (27): gray platelet syndrome, primary release disorder of platelets, platelet-type von Willebrand disease, platelet-type bleeding disorder 16, platelet-type bleeding disorder 17, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, fibronectinemic type, Bernard-Soulier syndrome, Scott syndrome, congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, Quebec platelet disorder, platelet-type bleeding disorder 12, platelet-type bleeding disorder 10, platelet-type bleeding disorder 8, platelet-type bleeding disorder 14, platelet-type bleeding disorder 9, platelet-type bleeding disorder 11, platelet-type bleeding disorder 15, platelet-type bleeding disorder 18, platelet-type bleeding disorder 19, platelet-type bleeding disorder 20, macrothrombocytopenia and granulocyte inclusions with or without nephritis or sensorineural hearing loss, cytosolic phospholipase-A2 alpha deficiency associated bleeding disorder, bleeding disorder, platelet-type, 24, bleeding disorder, platelet-type, 22, bleeding disorder, platelet-type, 21, bleeding diathesis due to thromboxane synthesis deficiency, bleeding disorder, platelet-type, 25
Subtypes (2): Glanzmann thrombasthenia 2, Glanzmann thrombasthenia 1
Genetics & variants
GWAS landscape
No GWAS associations recorded — common-variant (GWAS) studies don’t cover this disease (typical for Mendelian / rare diseases). See the curated gene cohort and Mendelian overlap below.
Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers
ClinVar germline variants
600 retrieved; paginated sample, class counts are floors:
211 uncertain significance, 141 pathogenic, 126 likely benign, 78 likely pathogenic, 35 benign, 5 conflicting classifications of pathogenicity, 4 benign/likely benign
| ClinVar | Variant (HGVS) | Gene | Classification | Review |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13564 | NM_000212.3(ITGB3):c.2248C>T (p.Arg750Ter) | EFCAB13-DT | Pathogenic | reviewed by expert panel |
| 1074062 | NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.1253del (p.Gly418fs) | ITGA2B | Pathogenic | criteria provided, single submitter |
| 1210178 | NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.1232dup (p.Tyr411Ter) | ITGA2B | Pathogenic | reviewed by expert panel |
| 1210179 | NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.2348+5G>C | ITGA2B | Pathogenic | reviewed by expert panel |
| 1210184 | NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.1051C>T (p.Arg351Ter) | ITGA2B | Pathogenic | reviewed by expert panel |
| 1210189 | NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.245dup (p.Gly83fs) | ITGA2B | Pathogenic | reviewed by expert panel |
| 1210190 | NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.2015del (p.Gly672fs) | ITGA2B | Pathogenic | reviewed by expert panel |
| 1210196 | NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.1608del (p.Asn536fs) | ITGA2B | Pathogenic | reviewed by expert panel |
| 1210197 | NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.1460_1461insAGGT (p.Ser488fs) | ITGA2B | Pathogenic | reviewed by expert panel |
| 1210205 | NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.1233C>A (p.Tyr411Ter) | ITGA2B | Pathogenic | reviewed by expert panel |
| 1210207 | NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.2459del (p.Asn820fs) | ITGA2B | Pathogenic | reviewed by expert panel |
| 1330319 | NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.2444_2445del (p.Thr814_Tyr815insTer) | ITGA2B | Pathogenic | reviewed by expert panel |
| 1330320 | NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.2953C>T (p.Gln985Ter) | ITGA2B | Pathogenic | reviewed by expert panel |
| 1330328 | NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.1993C>T (p.Gln665Ter) | ITGA2B | Pathogenic | reviewed by expert panel |
| 1330329 | NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.727del (p.Leu243fs) | ITGA2B | Pathogenic | reviewed by expert panel |
| 1330330 | NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.432G>A (p.Trp144Ter) | ITGA2B | Pathogenic | reviewed by expert panel |
| 1330342 | NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.574+1G>A | ITGA2B | Pathogenic | reviewed by expert panel |
| 1330346 | NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.625-1G>A | ITGA2B | Pathogenic | reviewed by expert panel |
| 1330347 | NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.2421G>A (p.Trp807Ter) | ITGA2B | Pathogenic | reviewed by expert panel |
| 1684324 | NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.138dup (p.Gly47fs) | ITGA2B | Pathogenic | reviewed by expert panel |
| 1691463 | NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.957T>A (p.Tyr319Ter) | ITGA2B | Pathogenic | reviewed by expert panel |
| 1691468 | NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.2338del (p.Glu780fs) | ITGA2B | Pathogenic | reviewed by expert panel |
| 1691469 | NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.1919_1920del (p.Val640fs) | ITGA2B | Pathogenic | reviewed by expert panel |
| 1691471 | NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.3060G>A (p.Lys1020=) | ITGA2B | Pathogenic | reviewed by expert panel |
| 1691473 | NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.2673_2674dup (p.Ile892fs) | ITGA2B | Pathogenic | reviewed by expert panel |
| 1691475 | NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.2770C>T (p.Gln924Ter) | ITGA2B | Pathogenic | reviewed by expert panel |
| 1691485 | NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.2902del (p.Tyr968fs) | ITGA2B | Pathogenic | reviewed by expert panel |
| 1691486 | NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.2578C>T (p.Gln860Ter) | ITGA2B | Pathogenic | reviewed by expert panel |
| 1691491 | NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.224del (p.Gly75fs) | ITGA2B | Pathogenic | reviewed by expert panel |
| 1703867 | NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.337C>T (p.Gln113Ter) | ITGA2B | Pathogenic | reviewed by expert panel |
Genes & proteins
Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers
GenCC: 0 · Orphanet: 6 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0
Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)
| Gene | Orphanet ID | Rare disease |
|---|---|---|
| ITGA2B | Orphanet:140957 | Autosomal dominant macrothrombocytopenia |
| ITGA2B | Orphanet:849 | Glanzmann thrombasthenia |
| ITGA2B | Orphanet:853 | Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia |
| ITGB3 | Orphanet:140957 | Autosomal dominant macrothrombocytopenia |
| ITGB3 | Orphanet:849 | Glanzmann thrombasthenia |
| ITGB3 | Orphanet:853 | Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia |
Cohort genes → proteins
3 cohort genes, 2 distinct canonical proteins.
Evidence partition
| Subset | Genes |
|---|---|
| multi_evidence | 3 |
Cohort genes (full)
| Symbol | HGNC | Ensembl | UniProt | Name | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EFCAB13-DT | HGNC:55338 | ENSG00000263293 | EFCAB13 divergent transcript | clinvar | |
| ITGA2B | HGNC:6138 | ENSG00000005961 | P08514 | Integrin alpha-IIb | clinvar |
| ITGB3 | HGNC:6156 | ENSG00000259207 | P05106 | Integrin beta-3 | clinvar |
Cohort function summary
Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.
| Symbol | Protein name | Function (lead sentence) |
|---|---|---|
| ITGA2B | Integrin alpha-IIb | Integrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 (ITGA2B:ITGB3) is a receptor for fibronectin, fibrinogen, plasminogen, prothrombin, thrombospondin and vitronectin. |
| ITGB3 | Integrin beta-3 | Integrin alpha-V/beta-3 (ITGAV:ITGB3) is a receptor for cytotactin, fibronectin, laminin, matrix metalloproteinase-2, osteopontin, osteomodulin, prothrombin, thrombospondin, vitronectin and von Willebrand factor. |
Protein-family classification
Druggable: 1 · Difficult: 0 · Unknown: 2 · Druggable fraction: 0.33
Family distribution
Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.
| Family | Genes | Fold | FDR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Antibody/Immunoglobulin | 1 | 9.7× | 0.199 |
| Other/Unknown | 2 | 1.2× | 0.587 |
Per-gene assignment
| Symbol | Family | Druggable? | EC | InterPro (top 3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EFCAB13-DT | Other/Unknown | no | ||
| ITGA2B | Antibody/Immunoglobulin | yes | Integrin_alpha, FG-GAP, Int_alpha_beta-p | |
| ITGB3 | Other/Unknown | no | Integrin_bsu_VWA, Integrin_bsu_tail, EGF_extracell |
Expression context
Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.
2 cohort genes are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.
Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)
| Bucket | Genes |
|---|---|
| narrow (1-5 tissues) | 0 |
| moderate (6-20) | 0 |
| broad (>20) | 3 |
| unknown | 0 |
Top tissues across cohort
| Tissue | Cohort genes |
|---|---|
| leukocyte | 2 |
| monocyte | 2 |
| mononuclear cell | 2 |
| male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis | 1 |
| primordial germ cell in gonad | 1 |
| right lobe of thyroid gland | 1 |
Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)
| Symbol | Bgee breadth | FANTOM5 breadth | SCXA | Top tissues |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EFCAB13-DT | 155 | tissue_specific | yes | male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis, primordial germ cell in gonad, right lobe of thyroid gland |
| ITGA2B | 182 | broad | marker | monocyte, mononuclear cell, leukocyte |
| ITGB3 | 199 | ubiquitous | marker | monocyte, mononuclear cell, leukocyte |
Protein interactions among cohort
Intra-cohort edges: 1.
Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)
| Symbol | Interactor count |
|---|---|
| ITGB3 | 3,274 |
| ITGA2B | 2,486 |
| EFCAB13-DT | 0 |
Intra-cohort edges
| A | B | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| ITGA2B | ITGB3 | biogrid_interaction, intact, string_interaction |
Structural data
PDB: 2 · AlphaFold-only: 0 · No structure: 1
Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)
| Symbol | UniProt | PDB entries |
|---|---|---|
| ITGB3 | P05106 | 123 |
| ITGA2B | P08514 | 78 |
Function
Pathway analysis
Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 54. Enrichment computed across 3 evidence-associated genes (2 with Reactome annotation).
Pathways by enrichment
Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 2 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.
| Pathway | Cohort genes | Fold | FDR | Sample cohort genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fibrin formation | 2 | 878.5× | 3e-05 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| p130Cas linkage to MAPK signaling for integrins | 2 | 761.3× | 3e-05 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| GRB2:SOS provides linkage to MAPK signaling for Integrins | 2 | 713.8× | 3e-05 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| Signal transduction by L1 | 2 | 519.1× | 4e-05 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| Platelet Aggregation (Plug Formation) | 2 | 439.2× | 4e-05 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| Integrin signaling | 2 | 423.0× | 4e-05 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| Signaling by RAS mutants | 2 | 423.0× | 4e-05 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| Signaling by high-kinase activity BRAF mutants | 2 | 317.2× | 6e-05 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| MAP2K and MAPK activation | 2 | 285.5× | 6e-05 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| Signaling by RAF1 mutants | 2 | 278.5× | 6e-05 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| Signaling by moderate kinase activity BRAF mutants | 2 | 253.8× | 6e-05 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| Paradoxical activation of RAF signaling by kinase inactive BRAF | 2 | 253.8× | 6e-05 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| Signaling downstream of RAS mutants | 2 | 253.8× | 6e-05 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| Oncogenic MAPK signaling | 2 | 248.3× | 6e-05 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| Signaling by BRAF and RAF1 fusions | 2 | 170.4× | 1e-04 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+ | 2 | 163.1× | 1e-04 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| ECM proteoglycans | 2 | 150.3× | 1e-04 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| Integrin cell surface interactions | 2 | 134.3× | 2e-04 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| MAPK1/MAPK3 signaling | 2 | 131.3× | 2e-04 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| L1CAM interactions | 2 | 120.2× | 2e-04 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation | 2 | 105.7× | 2e-04 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| MAPK family signaling cascades | 2 | 102.9× | 2e-04 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| Platelet degranulation | 2 | 87.8× | 3e-04 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| Extracellular matrix organization | 2 | 63.1× | 6e-04 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| RAF/MAP kinase cascade | 2 | 61.1× | 6e-04 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| Diseases of signal transduction by growth factor receptors and second messengers | 2 | 56.8× | 6e-04 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| Axon guidance | 2 | 45.1× | 1e-03 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| Nervous system development | 2 | 42.9× | 0.001 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| Hemostasis | 2 | 36.0× | 0.001 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| PECAM1 interactions | 1 | 439.2× | 0.004 | ITGB3 |
GO biological processes by enrichment
Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 2 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.
| GO term | Cohort genes | Fold | FDR | Sample cohort genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| cell-matrix adhesion | 2 | 163.6× | 0.001 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| integrin-mediated signaling pathway | 2 | 160.5× | 0.001 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| regulation of serotonin uptake | 1 | 8426.0× | 0.002 | ITGB3 |
| positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway | 1 | 8426.0× | 0.002 | ITGB3 |
| negative regulation of lipoprotein metabolic process | 1 | 4213.0× | 0.003 | ITGB3 |
| regulation of trophoblast cell migration | 1 | 4213.0× | 0.003 | ITGB3 |
| maintenance of postsynaptic specialization structure | 1 | 2808.7× | 0.003 | ITGB3 |
| regulation of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor diffusion trapping | 1 | 2808.7× | 0.003 | ITGB3 |
| negative regulation of lipid transport | 1 | 2106.5× | 0.003 | ITGB3 |
| tube development | 1 | 2106.5× | 0.003 | ITGB3 |
| apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway | 1 | 2106.5× | 0.003 | ITGB3 |
| cell-substrate junction assembly | 1 | 1404.3× | 0.004 | ITGB3 |
| positive regulation of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation | 1 | 1404.3× | 0.004 | ITGB3 |
| smooth muscle cell migration | 1 | 936.2× | 0.004 | ITGB3 |
| regulation of extracellular matrix organization | 1 | 936.2× | 0.004 | ITGB3 |
| angiogenesis involved in wound healing | 1 | 842.6× | 0.004 | ITGB3 |
| blood coagulation, fibrin clot formation | 1 | 842.6× | 0.004 | ITGB3 |
| negative regulation of lipid storage | 1 | 766.0× | 0.004 | ITGB3 |
| negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance | 1 | 766.0× | 0.004 | ITGB3 |
| regulation of bone resorption | 1 | 766.0× | 0.004 | ITGB3 |
| mesodermal cell differentiation | 1 | 766.0× | 0.004 | ITGB3 |
| negative regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation | 1 | 648.1× | 0.004 | ITGB3 |
| cellular response to insulin-like growth factor stimulus | 1 | 648.1× | 0.004 | ITGB3 |
| positive regulation of osteoblast proliferation | 1 | 601.9× | 0.004 | ITGB3 |
| positive regulation of fibroblast migration | 1 | 561.7× | 0.004 | ITGB3 |
| positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway | 1 | 561.7× | 0.004 | ITGB3 |
| positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway | 1 | 526.6× | 0.004 | ITGB3 |
| positive regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin | 1 | 526.6× | 0.004 | ITGB3 |
| wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells | 1 | 526.6× | 0.004 | ITGB3 |
| positive regulation of leukocyte migration | 1 | 495.6× | 0.004 | ITGA2B |
Therapeutics
Drug target analysis
Approved (phase 4): 2 · Phase ≥3: 2 · Phased (≥1): 2 · Undrugged: 1
Druggability breadth: 2 of 3 evidence-associated genes (67%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).
Genes with an approved drug
The molecule shown is one approved compound that hits the gene — not necessarily a drug of choice or one indicated for this disease.
| Symbol | Example approved molecule |
|---|---|
| ITGA2B | EPTIFIBATIDE |
| ITGB3 | EPTIFIBATIDE |
Top cohort targets by molecule count
| Symbol | Molecules | Max phase |
|---|---|---|
| ITGB3 | 18 | 4 |
| ITGA2B | 14 | 4 |
| EFCAB13-DT | 0 | 0 |
Drugs targeting cohort genes (top 30)
| Molecule | Max phase | Targets in cohort |
|---|---|---|
| EPTIFIBATIDE | 4 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| ASPIRIN | 4 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| TIROFIBAN | 4 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| PACLITAXEL | 4 | ITGB3 |
| NAFAMOSTAT | 3 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| CILENGITIDE | 3 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| LAMIFIBAN | 2 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| ROXIFIBAN | 2 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| FRADAFIBAN | 2 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| LOTRAFIBAN | 2 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| SIBRAFIBAN | 2 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| ORBOFIBAN | 2 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| XEMILOFIBAN | 2 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| GANTOFIBAN | 2 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| ELAROFIBAN | 2 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| GLPG-0187 | 1 | ITGB3 |
| GSK-3008348 FREE BASE | 1 | ITGB3 |
| GSK-3008348 | 1 | ITGB3 |
Bioactivity and enzyme data
Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 0.
Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)
| Symbol | Assays | Type breakdown |
|---|---|---|
| ITGB3 | 771 | Binding:575, Functional:183, ADMET:13 |
| ITGA2B | 407 | Binding:246, Functional:159, ADMET:2 |
Cohort genes with high screening signal
≥100 ChEMBL assays — a studied-ness signal; see Therapeutics for approved-drug status.
| Symbol | ChEMBL assays |
|---|---|
| ITGA2B | 407 |
| ITGB3 | 771 |
Pharmacogenomics
Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 2; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.
No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).
Chemical tractability of cohort targets
18 approved/phased compounds have measured bioactivity against a cohort gene (and aren’t yet in disease-level trials). This is a research / tractability signal, NOT a therapeutic recommendation — a bioactivity row often reflects off-target or screening binding (e.g. promiscuous kinase inhibitors against a cohort kinase), implying no disease mechanism.
| Compound | Max phase | Cohort target (bioactivity) |
|---|---|---|
| EPTIFIBATIDE | 4 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| ASPIRIN | 4 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| TIROFIBAN | 4 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| PACLITAXEL | 4 | ITGB3 |
| NAFAMOSTAT | 3 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| CILENGITIDE | 3 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| LAMIFIBAN | 2 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| ROXIFIBAN | 2 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| FRADAFIBAN | 2 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| LOTRAFIBAN | 2 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| SIBRAFIBAN | 2 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| ORBOFIBAN | 2 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| XEMILOFIBAN | 2 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| GANTOFIBAN | 2 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| ELAROFIBAN | 2 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| GLPG-0187 | 1 | ITGB3 |
| GSK-3008348 FREE BASE | 1 | ITGB3 |
| GSK-3008348 | 1 | ITGB3 |
Druggability pyramid
Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):
| Tier | Definition | Genes | Symbols |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | Approved (phase 4 drug) | 2 | ITGA2B, ITGB3 |
| B | Phased (≥1) drug, not yet approved | 0 | |
| C | Druggable family + PDB, no drug | 0 | |
| D | Druggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug | 0 | |
| E | Difficult family or no structure, no drug | 1 | EFCAB13-DT |
Undrugged target profiles
1 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).
| Symbol | ChEMBL assays | Drugged partners (top 3) |
|---|---|---|
| EFCAB13-DT | 0 | — |
Clinical trials & evidence
Clinical trials
Clinical trials: 14.
Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| Not specified | 9 |
| PHASE2 | 2 |
| PHASE1/PHASE2 | 2 |
| PHASE1 | 1 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT06211634 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | A Phase 1/2 Study to Investigate Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Efficacy of HMB-001 in Glanzmann Thrombasthenia |
| NCT07136857 | PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Eptacog Beta in Glanzmann’s (HeT_LFB-Strength-Study_FID531) |
| NCT03333486 | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | Fludarabine Phosphate, Cyclophosphamide, Total Body Irradiation, and Donor Stem Cell Transplant in Treating Patients With Blood Cancer |
| NCT04548791 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | TERMINATED | Study of Coagulation Factor VIIa Marzeptacog Alfa (Activated) in Subjects With Inherited Bleeding Disorders |
| NCT01917708 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | Bone Marrow Transplant With Abatacept for Non-Malignant Diseases |
| NCT00230165 | Not specified | RECRUITING | The Genetics and Functional Basis of Inherited Platelet, White Blood Cell, Red Blood Cell, and Blood Clotting Disorders. |
| NCT04119908 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Videomicroscopy for the Prediction of Bleeding in Constitutional Haemorrhagic Diseases |
| NCT06204042 | Not specified | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Multinational Glanzmann Study |
| NCT06820515 | Not specified | RECRUITING | ATHNdataset Registry |
| NCT01319851 | Not specified | TERMINATED | Alefacept and Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation |
| NCT02179359 | Not specified | TERMINATED | Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant for High Risk Hemoglobinopathies |
| NCT04595617 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Anti-αIIbβ3 Immunization in Glanzmann Thrombasthenia: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors: Thrombasthenia Anti-αIIbβ3 Antibodies Study (TAAS) |
| NCT05315232 | Not specified | COMPLETED | The Experiences of People Who Live With Glanzmanns Thrombasthenia. |
| NCT06234813 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Targeting TFPI With Concizumab to Improve Haemostasis in Glanzmann Thrombasthenia Patients: an in Vitro Study |
Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)
| Molecule | Max phase | Trials referencing |
|---|---|---|
| ALEFACEPT | 4 | 1 |
| CONCIZUMAB | 4 | 1 |
| FLUDARABINE PHOSPHATE | 4 | 1 |
Related Atlas pages
- Cohort genes: EFCAB13-DT, ITGA2B, ITGB3
- Drugs: Alefacept, Concizumab, Fludarabine Phosphate