Hand, foot and mouth disease

Summary

Hand, foot and mouth disease (MONDO:0005779) is a disease with 5 cohort genes (6 GWAS associations across 1 studies) and 51 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include sucralfate and suramin hexasodium.

At a glance

• Cohort genes: 5
• GWAS associations: 6
• Clinical trials: 51

Clinical features

No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

Field	Value
Canonical name	hand, foot and mouth disease
Mondo ID	MONDO:0005779
EFO	EFO:0007294
MeSH	D006232
DOID	DOID:10881
ICD-10-CM	B08.4
NCIT	C128439
SNOMED CT	266108008
UMLS	C0018572
MedGen	42330
Is cancer (heuristic)	no

Also known as: hand foot and mouth disease · hand, foot, and mouth disease · HFMD

Data availability: 6 GWAS associations (1 study).

Disease family

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by etiologic mechanism › disease of primarily extrinsic mechanism › infectious disease › viral infectious disease › primary viral infectious disease › Picornaviridae infectious disease › enterovirus infectious disease › coxsackievirus infectious disease › hand, foot and mouth disease

Related subtypes (1): Keshan disease

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

6 GWAS associations across 1 studies. Top hits map to 4 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).

Top associations by p-value

rsID	p-value	Gene	Risk allele	Odds ratio
rs7613213	4e-06	EPHB1	?
rs4073751	5e-06	LINC01940 - HDAC4	?
rs9877898	5e-06	LPP	?
rs11990550	6e-06	XKR6	?
rs9938195	8e-06	LINC01082	?
rs9680020	9e-06	NKILA - LINC01742	?

Top studies (by case count)

Study	Lead author	Year	Cases	Controls	Title
GCST010578	Meng Y	2020	115	0	Genome-wide association study identifies TPH2 variant as a novel locus for severe CV-A6-associated hand, foot, and mouth disease in Han Chinese.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

Tier distribution (top 50 variants)

Tier	Variants
Tier 1: coding	0
Tier 2: splice/UTR	0
Tier 3: regulatory	0
Tier 4: intronic/intergenic	6

MAF distribution

Bucket	Variants
common (>=0.05)	6
low_freq (0.01-0.05)	0
rare (<0.01)	0
unknown	0

Functional consequences

Consequence	Count
intron_variant	4
intergenic_variant	2

Top variants

rsID	Chr	Pos	Alleles	MAF	Consequence	Gene	p-value	Tier
rs7613213	3	134991109	C>T	0.05	intron_variant	EPHB1	4e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs4073751	2	238956383	A>C,G,T	0.05	intergenic_variant	LINC01940 - HDAC4	5e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs9877898	3	188620975	C>G,T	0.05	intron_variant	LPP	5e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs11990550	8	10940321	G>A,C	0.05	intron_variant	XKR6	6e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs9938195	16	86215879	A>C	0.05	intron_variant	LINC01082	8e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs9680020	20	57943637	G>A,T	0.05	intergenic_variant	NKILA - LINC01742	9e-06	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic

Genes & proteins

Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers

GenCC: 0 · Orphanet: 1 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0

Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)

Gene	Orphanet ID	Rare disease
HDAC4	Orphanet:1001	2q37 microdeletion syndrome

Cohort genes → proteins

5 cohort genes, 5 distinct canonical proteins.

Evidence partition

Subset	Genes
gwas_only	5

Cohort genes (full)

Symbol	HGNC	Ensembl	UniProt	Name	Evidence
HDAC4	HGNC:14063	ENSG00000068024	P56524	Histone deacetylase 4	gwas
PMEPA1	HGNC:14107	ENSG00000124225	Q969W9	Protein TMEPAI	gwas
XKR6	HGNC:27806	ENSG00000171044	Q5GH73	XK-related protein 6	gwas
EPHB1	HGNC:3392	ENSG00000154928	P54762	Ephrin type-B receptor 1	gwas
LPP	HGNC:6679	ENSG00000145012	Q93052	Lipoma-preferred partner	gwas

Cohort function summary

Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.

Symbol	Protein name	Function (lead sentence)
HDAC4	Histone deacetylase 4	Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4).
PMEPA1	Protein TMEPAI	Functions as a negative regulator of TGF-beta signaling and thereby probably plays a role in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, motility, extracellular matrix production and immunosuppression.
EPHB1	Ephrin type-B receptor 1	Receptor tyrosine kinase which binds promiscuously transmembrane ephrin-B family ligands residing on adjacent cells, leading to contact-dependent bidirectional signaling into neighboring cells.
LPP	Lipoma-preferred partner	May play a structural role at sites of cell adhesion in maintaining cell shape and motility.

Protein-family classification

Druggable: 2 · Difficult: 1 · Unknown: 2 · Druggable fraction: 0.4

Family distribution

Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.

Family	Genes	Fold	FDR
Kinase	1	5.5×	0.634
Enzyme (other)	1	2.4×	0.634
Transcription factor	1	1.6×	0.634
Other/Unknown	2	0.7×	0.877

Per-gene assignment

Symbol	Family	Druggable?	EC	InterPro (top 3)
HDAC4	Enzyme (other)	yes	3.5.1.98	HDACs, Ureohydrolase_dom_sf, His_deacetylse_dom
PMEPA1	Other/Unknown	no		TMEPAI/LRAD4
XKR6	Other/Unknown	no		XK-rel, XK-related_scramblase
EPHB1	Kinase	yes	2.7.10.1	Prot_kinase_dom, EPH_LBD, Ser-Thr/Tyr_kinase_cat_dom
LPP	Transcription factor	no		Znf_LIM

Expression context

Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.

4 cohort genes are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.

Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)

Bucket	Genes
narrow (1-5 tissues)	0
moderate (6-20)	0
broad (>20)	5
unknown	0

Top tissues across cohort

Tissue	Cohort genes
gastrocnemius	1
gluteal muscle	1
sural nerve	1
ascending aorta	1
thoracic aorta	1
visceral pleura	1
buccal mucosa cell	1
middle temporal gyrus	1
primordial germ cell in gonad	1
cortical plate	1
endothelial cell	1
ganglionic eminence	1
saphenous vein	1
urethra	1
vena cava	1

Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)

Symbol	Bgee breadth	FANTOM5 breadth	SCXA	Top tissues
HDAC4	277	ubiquitous	marker	sural nerve, gluteal muscle, gastrocnemius
PMEPA1	277	ubiquitous	marker	visceral pleura, ascending aorta, thoracic aorta
XKR6	167	ubiquitous	yes	buccal mucosa cell, primordial germ cell in gonad, middle temporal gyrus
EPHB1	208	ubiquitous	marker	cortical plate, endothelial cell, ganglionic eminence
LPP	292	ubiquitous	marker	saphenous vein, urethra, vena cava

Protein interactions among cohort

Intra-cohort edges: 0.

Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)

Symbol	Interactor count
HDAC4	4,771
PMEPA1	2,193
EPHB1	2,144
LPP	1,113
XKR6	631

Structural data

PDB: 2 · AlphaFold-only: 3 · No structure: 0

Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)

Symbol	UniProt	PDB entries
HDAC4	P56524	19
EPHB1	P54762	8

AlphaFold-only cohort genes (top 30 by pLDDT)

Symbol	UniProt	pLDDT
XKR6	Q5GH73	64.85
LPP	Q93052	60.99
PMEPA1	Q969W9	57.03

Function

Pathway analysis

Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 14. Enrichment computed across 5 evidence-associated genes (3 with Reactome annotation).

Pathways by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 3 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

Pathway	Cohort genes	Fold	FDR	Sample cohort genes
RUNX2 regulates chondrocyte maturation	1	761.3×	0.018	HDAC4
RUNX3 regulates p14-ARF	1	380.7×	0.018	HDAC4
Ephrin signaling	1	190.3×	0.019	EPHB1
Downregulation of TGF-beta receptor signaling	1	135.9×	0.019	PMEPA1
Notch-HLH transcription pathway	1	135.9×	0.019	HDAC4
SUMOylation of intracellular receptors	1	112.0×	0.019	HDAC4
EPHB-mediated forward signaling	1	88.5×	0.019	EPHB1
NOTCH1 Intracellular Domain Regulates Transcription	1	79.3×	0.019	HDAC4
EPH-ephrin mediated repulsion of cells	1	73.2×	0.019	EPHB1
Constitutive Signaling by NOTCH1 PEST Domain Mutants	1	65.6×	0.019	HDAC4
Constitutive Signaling by NOTCH1 HD+PEST Domain Mutants	1	65.6×	0.019	HDAC4
EPH-Ephrin signaling	1	55.2×	0.020	EPHB1
SUMOylation of chromatin organization proteins	1	52.9×	0.020	HDAC4
Differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells to T helper 2 cells (Th2 cells)	1	48.8×	0.020	HDAC4

GO biological processes by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 5 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

GO term	Cohort genes	Fold	FDR	Sample cohort genes
skeletal muscle satellite cell activation	1	1123.5×	0.013	EPHB1
hindbrain tangential cell migration	1	1123.5×	0.013	EPHB1
negative regulation of protein refolding	1	1123.5×	0.013	HDAC4
negative regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation	1	842.6×	0.013	EPHB1
optic nerve morphogenesis	1	674.1×	0.013	EPHB1
negative regulation of satellite cell differentiation	1	674.1×	0.013	EPHB1
phosphatidylserine exposure on apoptotic cell surface	1	561.7×	0.013	XKR6
response to denervation involved in regulation of muscle adaptation	1	481.5×	0.014	HDAC4
central nervous system projection neuron axonogenesis	1	374.5×	0.014	EPHB1
engulfment of apoptotic cell	1	374.5×	0.014	XKR6
apoptotic process involved in development	1	337.0×	0.014	XKR6
immunological synapse formation	1	259.3×	0.014	EPHB1
obsolete negative regulation of transcription by competitive promoter binding	1	259.3×	0.014	HDAC4
positive regulation of protein sumoylation	1	259.3×	0.014	HDAC4
dendritic spine development	1	240.7×	0.014	EPHB1
negative regulation of myotube differentiation	1	224.7×	0.014	HDAC4
cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress	1	210.7×	0.014	HDAC4
negative regulation of glycolytic process	1	210.7×	0.014	HDAC4
regulation of JNK cascade	1	177.4×	0.014	EPHB1
dendritic spine morphogenesis	1	177.4×	0.014	EPHB1
detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain	1	168.5×	0.014	EPHB1
retinal ganglion cell axon guidance	1	153.2×	0.014	EPHB1
cell-substrate adhesion	1	153.2×	0.014	EPHB1
camera-type eye morphogenesis	1	153.2×	0.014	EPHB1
androgen receptor signaling pathway	1	140.4×	0.015	PMEPA1
neural precursor cell proliferation	1	134.8×	0.015	EPHB1
negative regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction	1	120.4×	0.016	PMEPA1
regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	1	116.2×	0.016	EPHB1
response to interleukin-1	1	102.1×	0.018	HDAC4
B cell activation	1	91.1×	0.019	HDAC4

Therapeutics

Drug target analysis

Approved (phase 4): 2 · Phase ≥3: 2 · Phased (≥1): 2 · Undrugged: 3

Druggability breadth: 2 of 5 evidence-associated genes (40%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).

Genes with an approved drug

The molecule shown is one approved compound that hits the gene — not necessarily a drug of choice or one indicated for this disease.

Symbol	Example approved molecule
HDAC4	CELECOXIB
EPHB1	FEDRATINIB

Top cohort targets by molecule count

Symbol	Molecules	Max phase
HDAC4	31	4
EPHB1	28	4
PMEPA1	0	0
XKR6	0	0
LPP	0	0

Drugs targeting cohort genes (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Targets in cohort
CELECOXIB	4	HDAC4
PHENYLBUTANOIC ACID	4	HDAC4
SODIUM PHENYLBUTYRATE	4	HDAC4
ROMIDEPSIN	4	HDAC4
BELINOSTAT	4	HDAC4
PANOBINOSTAT	4	HDAC4
VORINOSTAT	4	HDAC4
GIVINOSTAT	4	HDAC4
BENDAMUSTINE	4	HDAC4
FEDRATINIB	4	EPHB1
SORAFENIB	4	EPHB1
INFIGRATINIB PHOSPHATE	4	EPHB1
INFIGRATINIB	4	EPHB1
VANDETANIB	4	EPHB1
NILOTINIB	4	EPHB1
BOSUTINIB	4	EPHB1
NINTEDANIB	4	EPHB1
SUNITINIB	4	EPHB1
DASATINIB	4	EPHB1
ERLOTINIB	4	EPHB1
CRIZOTINIB	4	EPHB1
GEFITINIB	4	EPHB1
CURCUMIN	3	HDAC4
CAFFEIC ACID	3	HDAC4
PRACINOSTAT	3	HDAC4
TACEDINALINE	3	HDAC4
ENTINOSTAT	3	HDAC4
TUCIDINOSTAT	3	HDAC4
ABEXINOSTAT	3	HDAC4
TASQUINIMOD	3	HDAC4

Bioactivity and enzyme data

Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 2.

Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)

Symbol	Assays	Type breakdown
HDAC4	1,941	Binding:1919, ADMET:13, Functional:6, Toxicity:3
EPHB1	273	Binding:273

Cohort enzymes (BRENDA EC)

Symbol	EC numbers	Names
HDAC4	3.5.1.98	histone deacetylase
EPHB1	2.7.10.1	receptor protein-tyrosine kinase

Cohort genes with high screening signal

≥100 ChEMBL assays — a studied-ness signal; see Therapeutics for approved-drug status.

Symbol	ChEMBL assays
HDAC4	1,941
EPHB1	273

Pharmacogenomics

Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 5; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.

No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).

Chemical tractability of cohort targets

30 approved/phased compounds have measured bioactivity against a cohort gene (and aren’t yet in disease-level trials). This is a research / tractability signal, NOT a therapeutic recommendation — a bioactivity row often reflects off-target or screening binding (e.g. promiscuous kinase inhibitors against a cohort kinase), implying no disease mechanism.

Compound	Max phase	Cohort target (bioactivity)
CELECOXIB	4	HDAC4
PHENYLBUTANOIC ACID	4	HDAC4
SODIUM PHENYLBUTYRATE	4	HDAC4
ROMIDEPSIN	4	HDAC4
BELINOSTAT	4	HDAC4
PANOBINOSTAT	4	HDAC4
VORINOSTAT	4	HDAC4
GIVINOSTAT	4	HDAC4
BENDAMUSTINE	4	HDAC4
FEDRATINIB	4	EPHB1
SORAFENIB	4	EPHB1
INFIGRATINIB PHOSPHATE	4	EPHB1
INFIGRATINIB	4	EPHB1
VANDETANIB	4	EPHB1
NILOTINIB	4	EPHB1
BOSUTINIB	4	EPHB1
NINTEDANIB	4	EPHB1
SUNITINIB	4	EPHB1
DASATINIB	4	EPHB1
ERLOTINIB	4	EPHB1
CRIZOTINIB	4	EPHB1
GEFITINIB	4	EPHB1
CURCUMIN	3	HDAC4
CAFFEIC ACID	3	HDAC4
PRACINOSTAT	3	HDAC4
TACEDINALINE	3	HDAC4
ENTINOSTAT	3	HDAC4
TUCIDINOSTAT	3	HDAC4
ABEXINOSTAT	3	HDAC4
TASQUINIMOD	3	HDAC4

Druggability pyramid

Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):

Tier	Definition	Genes	Symbols
A	Approved (phase 4 drug)	2	HDAC4, EPHB1
B	Phased (≥1) drug, not yet approved	0
C	Druggable family + PDB, no drug	0
D	Druggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug	0
E	Difficult family or no structure, no drug	3	PMEPA1, XKR6, LPP

Undrugged target profiles

3 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).

Symbol	ChEMBL assays	Drugged partners (top 3)
PMEPA1	0	—
XKR6	0	—
LPP	0	—

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 51.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

Phase	Trials
Not specified	17
PHASE4	16
PHASE1	8
PHASE3	5
PHASE2	2
PHASE1/PHASE2	2
PHASE2/PHASE3	1

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT06146088	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Lot-to-lot Consistency Study of Three Commercial Batches of Enterovirus 71 Vaccine
NCT02889497	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Safety, Three Batches Consistency and Immunity Duration of the Post-marketing Inactivated Enterovirus Type 71 (EV71) Vaccine in Children Aged 6-71 Months
NCT03001986	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Phase IVb of Inactivated Enterovirus 71 Vaccine (Human Diploid Cell, KMB-17) in Chinese Children
NCT03240744	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	The Phase IVc of Inactivated Enterovirus 71 Vaccine (Human Diploid Cell)
NCT03274102	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Safety and Immunogenicity of Concomitant Administration of EV71 Vaccine With EPI Vaccines
NCT03278132	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Phase IV Clinical Trial, Immunogenicity and Safety of EV71 Vaccine
NCT03296410	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	The Phase IVd of Inactivated Enterovirus 71 Vaccine
NCT03519568	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Clinical Study on Combined Immune Effect of EV71 Inactivated Vaccine
NCT03582761	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy Evaluation for Inactivated Vaccine (Vero Cell) Against EV71
NCT03873740	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Immunogenicity and Safety of Two Different Commercial EV71 Vaccines
NCT03893747	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Immunity and Safety of Inactivated Enterovirus 71 Vaccine Post-marketing Among Children Aged 6-35 Months in China
NCT03903926	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy Trial of a Commercial EV71 Vaccine
NCT04111432	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Safety and Immunogenicity of Concomitant Administration of EV71 Vaccine With Expanded Programme on Immunization Vaccines
NCT04133584	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Immunogenicity and Safety of the Vaccination of Inactivated Enterovirus 71 Vaccine and Seasonal Influenza Vaccine
NCT05397587	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	An Immunity Persistence Study of Enterovirus 71 Inactivated Vaccine (Vero Cell)
NCT06209398	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Immunogenicity of the Inactivated EV71 Vaccine Combined With Hepatitis B and Group A Meningococcal Vaccine
NCT07611513	PHASE3	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Protective Efficacy , Immunogenicity and Safety of the Tetravalent Inactivated Enterovirus Vaccine (Vero Cell).
NCT01507857	PHASE3	COMPLETED	An Efficacy Trial in Inactivated Enterovirus Type 71 (EV71) Vaccine
NCT01508247	PHASE3	COMPLETED	A Clinical Trial to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of an Inactivated Vaccine (Vero Cell) Against EV71 in Chinese Children Aged 6-35 Months
NCT01636245	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Immunogenicity and Safety of Three Consecutive Lots of a New Inactivated Enterovirus Type 71 (EV71) Vaccine
NCT03909074	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Clinical Trial of Enterovirus 71（EV71） Inactivated Vaccine in Children Aged 36-71 Months
NCT06353477	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease: Could EPs®7630 be a Treatment Option
NCT06063057	PHASE1/PHASE2	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Inactivated Bivalent Enterovirus Vaccine (Vero Cell) Phase I/II Clinical Trial
NCT01940250	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Magnesium Sulphate for Severe Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in Vietnam
NCT03241030	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Sucralfate to Improve Oral Intake in Children With Infectious Oral Ulcers: a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
NCT06754384	PHASE1/PHASE2	COMPLETED	Tolerability, Safety, and Immunogenicity of Tetravalent Inactivated Enterovirus Vaccine (Vero Cell).
NCT07326878	PHASE1	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Phase I Clinical Trial of Enterovirus Type71 - Coxsackievirus Type A16 Bivalent Vaccine
NCT01267903	PHASE1	COMPLETED	A Clinical Trial for Inactivated Vaccine(Vero Cell) Against EV71 in Chinese Healthy Young Adults and Children
NCT01313715	PHASE1	COMPLETED	A Clinical Trial for Inactivated Vaccine (Vero Cell) Against EV71 in Chinese Children and Infants
NCT01376479	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Safety and Immunogenicity Study of an Inactivated Vaccine Against Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease Caused by Enterovirus 71
NCT01391494	PHASE1	COMPLETED	A Safety Study of Inactivated EV71 Vaccine (Human Diploid Cell, KMB-17) in Chinese Adults, Children and Infants
NCT03804749	PHASE1	UNKNOWN	Study to Evaluate the Tolerance and Pharmacokinetics of Suramin Sodium
NCT04182932	PHASE1	UNKNOWN	Safety and Immunogenicity of CJ-40010 in Healthy Subjects
NCT04637919	PHASE1	UNKNOWN	Safety and Immunogenicity of High-dose IN-B001 in Healthy Subjects
NCT06263439	Not specified	RECRUITING	Surveillance of HFMD in Pediatric Outpatients
NCT06699433	Not specified	RECRUITING	Artificial Intelligence-driven Virtual Standardized Pediatric Patients Trial
NCT07008755	Not specified	RECRUITING	Clinical Trial of Pegylated Interferon α-2b Via Nebulization for Treatment of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease .
NCT07144202	Not specified	ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION	Study on the Persistence of Immunity Following EV71 Vaccination
NCT01145664	Not specified	UNKNOWN	A Multi-Center Clinical Trial To Evaluate Chinese Herbal Medicines in the Treatment of Severe Hand-foot-mouth Disease
NCT01175915	Not specified	UNKNOWN	A Clinical Trial To Evaluate Reduning Injection in the Treatment of Mild Type of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease

Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Trials referencing
SUCRALFATE	4	1
SURAMIN HEXASODIUM	3	1
CHEMBL443232	0	1
CHEMBL2367706	0	1
CHEMBL2397737	0	1
CHEMBL4453621	0	1