hemoglobin E disease
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Summary
hemoglobin E disease (MONDO:0016243) is a disease with 9 cohort genes (3 GWAS associations across 1 studies). The dominant Reactome pathway is Factors involved in megakaryocyte development and platelet production (5 cohort genes).
At a glance
- Prevalence: Unknown (Worldwide)
- Cohort genes: 9
- GWAS associations: 3
- ClinVar variants: 1
- Phenotypes (HPO): 13
Clinical features
Signs & symptoms
Clinical features (HPO)
13 HPO clinical features (Orphanet curated; top 13 by frequency):
| HPO ID | Term | Frequency |
|---|---|---|
| HP:0004840 | Hypochromic microcytic anemia | Very frequent (80-99%) |
| HP:0010972 | Anemia of inadequate production | Very frequent (80-99%) |
| HP:0011902 | Abnormal hemoglobin | Very frequent (80-99%) |
| HP:0020059 | Increased red blood cell count | Very frequent (80-99%) |
| HP:0025066 | Decreased mean corpuscular volume | Very frequent (80-99%) |
| HP:0032231 | Hypochromia | Very frequent (80-99%) |
| HP:0011905 | Reduced hemoglobin A | Frequent (30-79%) |
| HP:0001511 | Intrauterine growth retardation | Occasional (5-29%) |
| HP:0001622 | Premature birth | Occasional (5-29%) |
| HP:0001744 | Splenomegaly | Occasional (5-29%) |
| HP:0004817 | Drug-sensitive hemolytic anemia | Occasional (5-29%) |
| HP:0005546 | Increased red cell osmotic resistance | Occasional (5-29%) |
| HP:0005268 | Spontaneous abortion | Very rare (<1-4%) |
Identifiers
Disease identifiers
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Canonical name | hemoglobin E disease |
| Mondo ID | MONDO:0016243 |
| Orphanet | 2133 |
| DOID | DOID:5379 |
| ICD-11 | 1898135714 |
| NCIT | C35287 |
| SNOMED CT | 25065001 |
| UMLS | C0238159 |
| MedGen | 68658 |
| GARD | 0002641 |
| MedDRA | 10053215 |
| Is cancer (heuristic) | no |
Also known as: hemoglobin E disease
Data availability: 1 ClinVar variant · 3 GWAS associations (1 study) · 1 GenCC gene-disease record.
Disease family
Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › hematologic disorder › anemia › hemoglobin E disease
Related subtypes (18): congenital anemia, neonatal anemia, microcytic anemia, hypochromic anemia, pancytopenia, deficiency anemia, pure red-cell aplasia, macrocytic anemia, normocytic anemia, sideroblastic anemia, aplastic anemia, hemoglobin C disease, beta-thalassemia and related diseases, hemoglobinopathy Toms River, hereditary methemoglobinemia, hemoglobin D disease, anemia due to enzyme disorder, anemia due to chronic disorder
Genetics & variants
GWAS landscape
3 GWAS associations across 1 studies. Top hits map to 3 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).
Top associations by p-value
| rsID | p-value | Gene | Risk allele | Odds ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs2071348 | 3e-15 | HBD, HBBP1 | ? | 4.05 |
| rs9376092 | 2e-11 | HBS1L - MYB | ? | 2.91 |
| rs766432 | 1e-10 | BCL11A | ? | 2.8 |
Top studies (by case count)
| Study | Lead author | Year | Cases | Controls | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GCST000532 | Nuinoon M | 2009 | 235 | 0 | A genome-wide association identified the common genetic variants influence disease severity in beta0-thalassemia/hemoglobin E. |
Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers
Tier distribution (top 50 variants)
| Tier | Variants |
|---|---|
| Tier 1: coding | 0 |
| Tier 2: splice/UTR | 0 |
| Tier 3: regulatory | 0 |
| Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | 3 |
MAF distribution
| Bucket | Variants |
|---|---|
| common (>=0.05) | 3 |
| low_freq (0.01-0.05) | 0 |
| rare (<0.01) | 0 |
| unknown | 0 |
Functional consequences
| Consequence | Count |
|---|---|
| intron_variant | 2 |
| intergenic_variant | 1 |
Top variants
| rsID | Chr | Pos | Alleles | MAF | Consequence | Gene | p-value | Tier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs2071348 | 11 | 5242916 | T>A,C,G | 0.5 | intron_variant | HBD, HBBP1 | 3e-15 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs9376092 | 6 | 135106006 | C>A | 0.23 | intergenic_variant | HBS1L - MYB | 2e-11 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs766432 | 2 | 60492835 | C>A,G,T | 0.24 | intron_variant | BCL11A | 1e-10 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
ClinVar germline variants
1 retrieved; paginated sample, class counts are floors:
1 pathogenic
| ClinVar | Variant (HGVS) | Gene | Classification | Review |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15161 | NM_000518.5(HBB):c.79G>A (p.Glu27Lys) | HBB | Pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
Genes & proteins
Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers
GenCC: 33 · Orphanet: 41 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 3
Dual-evidence genes (GWAS + Mendelian — highest-confidence targets)
| Gene | HGNC | Evidence routes |
|---|---|---|
| BCL11A | BCL11A | GWAS, Orphanet |
| HBD | HBD | GWAS, Orphanet |
| HBG2 | HBG2 | GWAS, Orphanet |
GenCC gene–disease validity (cohort genes)
the Disease column is the GenCC-asserted condition — a cohort gene’s strongest validity may be for a related predisposition syndrome.
| Gene | Classification | Inheritance | Disease | Records |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HBB | Strong | Autosomal dominant | hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin | 33 |
Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)
| Gene | Orphanet ID | Rare disease |
|---|---|---|
| HBB | Orphanet:2132 | Hemoglobin C disease |
| HBB | Orphanet:2133 | Hemoglobin E disease |
| HBB | Orphanet:231214 | Beta-thalassemia major |
| HBB | Orphanet:231222 | Beta-thalassemia intermedia |
| HBB | Orphanet:231226 | Unstable beta globin chain variant disease |
| HBB | Orphanet:231237 | Delta-beta-thalassemia |
| HBB | Orphanet:231242 | Hemoglobin C-beta-thalassemia syndrome |
| HBB | Orphanet:231249 | Hemoglobin E-beta-thalassemia syndrome |
| HBB | Orphanet:232 | Sickle cell anemia |
| HBB | Orphanet:247511 | Autosomal dominant secondary polycythemia |
| HBB | Orphanet:251365 | Sickle cell S-C disease |
| HBB | Orphanet:251370 | Sickle cell S-D Punjab disease |
| HBB | Orphanet:251375 | Sickle cell S-E disease |
| HBB | Orphanet:251380 | Hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin-sickle cell disease syndrome |
| HBB | Orphanet:330041 | Hemoglobin M disease |
| HBB | Orphanet:46532 | Hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin-beta-thalassemia syndrome |
| HBB | Orphanet:695140 | Sickle cell-beta zero-thalassemia |
| HBB | Orphanet:695147 | Sickle cell-beta plus-thalassemia |
| HBB | Orphanet:699822 | Sickle cell S-Lepore disease |
| HBB | Orphanet:700090 | Sickle cell S-O Arab disease |
| HBB | Orphanet:700107 | Sickle cell S-other specified hemoglobin variant |
| HBB | Orphanet:700111 | Homozygous hemoglobin O Arab disease |
| HBB | Orphanet:715125 | Hemoglobin E-beta-thalassemia intermedia |
| HBB | Orphanet:715128 | Hemoglobin E-beta-thalassemia major |
| HBB | Orphanet:715135 | Hemoglobin Lepore-beta-thalassemia intermedia |
| HBB | Orphanet:715140 | Hemoglobin Lepore-beta-thalassemia major |
| HBB | Orphanet:715143 | Heterozygous beta-thalassemia intermedia with supernumerary alpha-globin gene |
| HBB | Orphanet:715157 | Low oxygen affinity beta chain hemoglobin disease |
| HBB | Orphanet:90039 | Hemoglobin D disease |
| BCL11A | Orphanet:251380 | Hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin-sickle cell disease syndrome |
| BCL11A | Orphanet:619233 | Hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin-intellectual disability syndrome |
| HBD | Orphanet:231237 | Delta-beta-thalassemia |
| HBD | Orphanet:330032 | Hemoglobin Lepore-beta-thalassemia syndrome |
| HBD | Orphanet:699822 | Sickle cell S-Lepore disease |
| HBG2 | Orphanet:251380 | Hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin-sickle cell disease syndrome |
| HBG2 | Orphanet:280615 | Low oxygen affinity gamma chain hemoglobin disease |
| HBG2 | Orphanet:46532 | Hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin-beta-thalassemia syndrome |
| HBG2 | Orphanet:707792 | Unstable gamma globin chain variant disease |
| MYB | Orphanet:251671 | Angiocentric glioma |
| MYB | Orphanet:86849 | Acute basophilic leukemia |
| MYB | Orphanet:99861 | Precursor T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia |
Cohort genes → proteins
9 cohort genes, 8 distinct canonical proteins.
Evidence partition
| Subset | Genes |
|---|---|
| gwas_only | 8 |
| multi_evidence | 1 |
Cohort genes (full)
| Symbol | HGNC | Ensembl | UniProt | Name | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HBB | HGNC:4827 | ENSG00000244734 | P68871 | Hemoglobin subunit beta | gencc,clinvar |
| BCL11A | HGNC:13221 | ENSG00000119866 | Q9H165 | BCL11 transcription factor A | gwas |
| ACSBG1 | HGNC:29567 | ENSG00000103740 | Q96GR2 | Long-chain-fatty-acid–CoA ligase ACSBG1 | gwas |
| HBBP1 | HGNC:4828 | ENSG00000229988 | hemoglobin subunit beta pseudogene 1 | gwas | |
| HBD | HGNC:4829 | ENSG00000223609 | P02042 | Hemoglobin subunit delta | gwas |
| HBE1 | HGNC:4830 | ENSG00000213931 | P02100 | Hemoglobin subunit epsilon | gwas |
| HBG2 | HGNC:4832 | ENSG00000196565 | P69892 | Hemoglobin subunit gamma-2 | gwas |
| HBS1L | HGNC:4834 | ENSG00000112339 | Q9Y450 | HBS1-like protein | gwas |
| MYB | HGNC:7545 | ENSG00000118513 | P10242 | Transcriptional activator Myb | gwas |
Cohort function summary
Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.
| Symbol | Protein name | Function (lead sentence) |
|---|---|---|
| HBB | Hemoglobin subunit beta | Involved in oxygen transport from the lung to the various peripheral tissues. |
| BCL11A | BCL11 transcription factor A | Transcription factor. |
| ACSBG1 | Long-chain-fatty-acid–CoA ligase ACSBG1 | Catalyzes the conversion of fatty acids such as long-chain and very long-chain fatty acids to their active form acyl-CoAs for both synthesis of cellular lipids, and degradation via beta-oxidation. |
| HBD | Hemoglobin subunit delta | Involved in oxygen transport from the lung to the various peripheral tissues. |
| HBE1 | Hemoglobin subunit epsilon | The epsilon chain is a beta-type chain of early mammalian embryonic hemoglobin. |
| HBG2 | Hemoglobin subunit gamma-2 | Gamma chains make up the fetal hemoglobin F, in combination with alpha chains. |
| HBS1L | HBS1-like protein | GTPase component of the Pelota-HBS1L complex, a complex that recognizes stalled ribosomes and triggers the No-Go Decay (NGD) pathway. |
| MYB | Transcriptional activator Myb | Transcriptional activator; DNA-binding protein that specifically recognize the sequence 5’-YAAC[GT]G-3'. |
Protein-family classification
Druggable: 0 · Difficult: 2 · Unknown: 7 · Druggable fraction: 0.0
Family distribution
Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.
| Family | Genes | Fold | FDR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcription factor | 2 | 1.8× | 0.299 |
| Other/Unknown | 7 | 1.4× | 0.299 |
Per-gene assignment
| Symbol | Family | Druggable? | EC | InterPro (top 3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HBB | Other/Unknown | no | Globin, Hemoglobin_b, Globin-like_sf | |
| BCL11A | Transcription factor | no | Znf_C2H2_type, Znf_C2H2_sf, Dev/Hematopoietic_TF | |
| ACSBG1 | Other/Unknown | no | AMP-dep_synth/lig_dom, AMP-binding_CS, ANL_N_sf | |
| HBBP1 | Other/Unknown | no | ||
| HBD | Other/Unknown | no | Globin, Hemoglobin_b, Globin-like_sf | |
| HBE1 | Other/Unknown | no | Globin, Hemoglobin_b, Globin-like_sf | |
| HBG2 | Other/Unknown | no | Globin, Hemoglobin_b, Globin-like_sf | |
| HBS1L | Other/Unknown | no | T_Tr_GTP-bd_dom, EFTu-like_2, Transl_B-barrel_sf | |
| MYB | Transcription factor | no | SANT/Myb, Homeodomain-like_sf, Tscrpt_reg_Wos2-domain |
Expression context
Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.
9 cohort genes are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.
Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)
| Bucket | Genes |
|---|---|
| narrow (1-5 tissues) | 0 |
| moderate (6-20) | 0 |
| broad (>20) | 9 |
| unknown | 0 |
Top tissues across cohort
| Tissue | Cohort genes |
|---|---|
| trabecular bone tissue | 2 |
| vena cava | 2 |
| ganglionic eminence | 2 |
| male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis | 2 |
| adrenal tissue | 2 |
| monocyte | 1 |
| cortical plate | 1 |
| primary visual cortex | 1 |
| C1 segment of cervical spinal cord | 1 |
| inferior olivary complex | 1 |
| upper leg skin | 1 |
| pancreatic ductal cell | 1 |
| bone marrow | 1 |
| bone marrow cell | 1 |
| primordial germ cell in gonad | 1 |
| placenta | 1 |
| calcaneal tendon | 1 |
| gastrocnemius | 1 |
| muscle of leg | 1 |
| bronchial epithelial cell | 1 |
Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)
| Symbol | Bgee breadth | FANTOM5 breadth | SCXA | Top tissues |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HBB | 284 | broad | marker | monocyte, trabecular bone tissue, vena cava |
| BCL11A | 247 | ubiquitous | marker | cortical plate, ganglionic eminence, primary visual cortex |
| ACSBG1 | 207 | broad | marker | upper leg skin, inferior olivary complex, C1 segment of cervical spinal cord |
| HBBP1 | 55 | tissue_specific | marker | male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis, pancreatic ductal cell, vena cava |
| HBD | 170 | tissue_specific | marker | trabecular bone tissue, bone marrow, bone marrow cell |
| HBE1 | 127 | tissue_specific | marker | male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis, primordial germ cell in gonad, adrenal tissue |
| HBG2 | 129 | tissue_specific | marker | placenta, adrenal tissue, ganglionic eminence |
| HBS1L | 290 | ubiquitous | marker | calcaneal tendon, muscle of leg, gastrocnemius |
| MYB | 183 | broad | marker | mucosa of sigmoid colon, bronchial epithelial cell, epithelium of bronchus |
Protein interactions among cohort
Intra-cohort edges: 5.
Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)
| Symbol | Interactor count |
|---|---|
| MYB | 3,155 |
| BCL11A | 2,389 |
| HBS1L | 2,360 |
| ACSBG1 | 1,697 |
| HBD | 1,206 |
| HBE1 | 1,167 |
| HBB | 454 |
| HBG2 | 66 |
| HBBP1 | 0 |
Intra-cohort edges
| A | B | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| BCL11A | HBD | string_interaction |
| BCL11A | HBE1 | string_interaction |
| BCL11A | HBS1L | string_interaction |
| HBB | HBE1 | biogrid_interaction, intact |
| HBE1 | HBS1L | string_interaction |
Structural data
PDB: 6 · AlphaFold-only: 2 · No structure: 1
Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)
| Symbol | UniProt | PDB entries |
|---|---|---|
| HBB | P68871 | 350 |
| BCL11A | Q9H165 | 17 |
| HBS1L | Q9Y450 | 11 |
| HBG2 | P69892 | 4 |
| HBD | P02042 | 2 |
| HBE1 | P02100 | 1 |
AlphaFold-only cohort genes (top 30 by pLDDT)
| Symbol | UniProt | pLDDT |
|---|---|---|
| ACSBG1 | Q96GR2 | 84.99 |
| MYB | P10242 | 59.16 |
Function
Pathway analysis
Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 38. Enrichment computed across 9 evidence-associated genes (8 with Reactome annotation).
Pathways by enrichment
Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 8 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.
| Pathway | Cohort genes | Fold | FDR | Sample cohort genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Factors involved in megakaryocyte development and platelet production | 5 | 41.5× | 2e-06 | HBB, HBD, HBE1, HBG2, MYB |
| Heme assimilation | 1 | 475.8× | 0.040 | HBB |
| Erythrocytes take up oxygen and release carbon dioxide | 1 | 158.6× | 0.053 | HBB |
| ALK mutants bind TKIs | 1 | 119.0× | 0.053 | BCL11A |
| Erythrocytes take up carbon dioxide and release oxygen | 1 | 109.8× | 0.053 | HBB |
| Scavenging of heme from plasma | 1 | 109.8× | 0.053 | HBB |
| mRNA decay by 3’ to 5’ exoribonuclease | 1 | 89.2× | 0.053 | HBS1L |
| Specification of the neural plate border | 1 | 79.3× | 0.053 | MYB |
| Formation of the embryonic stem cell BAF (esBAF) complex | 1 | 75.1× | 0.053 | BCL11A |
| Chaperone Mediated Autophagy | 1 | 62.1× | 0.053 | HBB |
| Synthesis of very long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs | 1 | 57.1× | 0.053 | ACSBG1 |
| Formation of neuronal progenitor and neuronal BAF (npBAF and nBAF) | 1 | 57.1× | 0.053 | BCL11A |
| Fatty acyl-CoA biosynthesis | 1 | 54.9× | 0.053 | ACSBG1 |
| Late endosomal microautophagy | 1 | 40.8× | 0.066 | HBB |
| Signaling by ALK in cancer | 1 | 34.0× | 0.072 | BCL11A |
| Gastrulation | 1 | 32.4× | 0.072 | MYB |
| Heme signaling | 1 | 26.9× | 0.082 | HBB |
| Cytoprotection by HMOX1 | 1 | 23.0× | 0.090 | HBB |
| Signaling by ALK fusions and activated point mutants | 1 | 18.8× | 0.098 | BCL11A |
| Transcriptional regulation by RUNX1 | 1 | 18.3× | 0.098 | MYB |
| Fatty acid metabolism | 1 | 16.4× | 0.098 | ACSBG1 |
| ESR-mediated signaling | 1 | 16.0× | 0.098 | MYB |
| Transcriptional regulation of granulopoiesis | 1 | 15.7× | 0.098 | MYB |
| PELO:HBS1L and ABCE1 dissociate a ribosome on a non-stop mRNA | 1 | 15.7× | 0.098 | HBS1L |
| Signaling by Nuclear Receptors | 1 | 12.8× | 0.115 | MYB |
| RUNX1 regulates transcription of genes involved in differentiation of HSCs | 1 | 11.9× | 0.118 | MYB |
| Estrogen-dependent gene expression | 1 | 9.4× | 0.142 | MYB |
| Diseases of signal transduction by growth factor receptors and second messengers | 1 | 7.1× | 0.180 | BCL11A |
| Hemostasis | 1 | 4.5× | 0.264 | MYB |
| Metabolism of lipids | 1 | 3.9× | 0.288 | ACSBG1 |
GO biological processes by enrichment
Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 8 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.
| GO term | Cohort genes | Fold | FDR | Sample cohort genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| carbon dioxide transport | 4 | 648.1× | 1e-09 | HBB, HBD, HBE1, HBG2 |
| oxygen transport | 4 | 526.6× | 1e-09 | HBB, HBD, HBE1, HBG2 |
| erythrocyte development | 4 | 263.3× | 2e-08 | HBB, HBD, HBE1, HBG2 |
| negative regulation of neuron remodeling | 1 | 2106.5× | 0.007 | BCL11A |
| negative regulation of branching morphogenesis of a nerve | 1 | 2106.5× | 0.007 | BCL11A |
| negative regulation of protein homooligomerization | 1 | 702.2× | 0.013 | BCL11A |
| positive regulation of hepatic stellate cell proliferation | 1 | 702.2× | 0.013 | MYB |
| positive regulation of testosterone secretion | 1 | 702.2× | 0.013 | MYB |
| myeloid cell development | 1 | 526.6× | 0.013 | MYB |
| negative regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation | 1 | 526.6× | 0.013 | MYB |
| negative regulation of dendrite extension | 1 | 526.6× | 0.013 | BCL11A |
| skeletal muscle cell proliferation | 1 | 421.3× | 0.014 | MYB |
| nitric oxide transport | 1 | 421.3× | 0.014 | HBB |
| positive regulation of hepatic stellate cell activation | 1 | 351.1× | 0.015 | MYB |
| nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, no-go decay | 1 | 300.9× | 0.015 | HBS1L |
| positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta production | 1 | 263.3× | 0.015 | MYB |
| negative regulation of dendrite development | 1 | 263.3× | 0.015 | BCL11A |
| stem cell division | 1 | 234.1× | 0.015 | MYB |
| T-helper 2 cell differentiation | 1 | 234.1× | 0.015 | MYB |
| positive regulation of collateral sprouting | 1 | 234.1× | 0.015 | BCL11A |
| cellular oxidant detoxification | 1 | 234.1× | 0.015 | HBB |
| renal absorption | 1 | 210.7× | 0.015 | HBB |
| cellular response to L-glutamate | 1 | 210.7× | 0.015 | BCL11A |
| negative regulation of collateral sprouting | 1 | 191.5× | 0.016 | BCL11A |
| ribosome disassembly | 1 | 123.9× | 0.022 | HBS1L |
| embryonic digestive tract development | 1 | 123.9× | 0.022 | MYB |
| regulation of dendrite development | 1 | 123.9× | 0.022 | BCL11A |
| cellular response to interleukin-6 | 1 | 123.9× | 0.022 | MYB |
| negative regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation | 1 | 110.9× | 0.023 | MYB |
| long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process | 1 | 105.3× | 0.024 | ACSBG1 |
Therapeutics
Drug target analysis
Approved (phase 4): 1 · Phase ≥3: 1 · Phased (≥1): 1 · Undrugged: 8
Druggability breadth: 5 of 9 evidence-associated genes (56%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).
Genes with an approved drug
The molecule shown is one approved compound that hits the gene — not necessarily a drug of choice or one indicated for this disease.
| Symbol | Example approved molecule |
|---|---|
| HBB | CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL |
Top cohort targets by molecule count
| Symbol | Molecules | Max phase |
|---|---|---|
| HBB | 23 | 4 |
| BCL11A | 0 | 0 |
| ACSBG1 | 0 | 0 |
| HBBP1 | 0 | 0 |
| HBD | 0 | 0 |
| HBE1 | 0 | 0 |
| HBG2 | 0 | 0 |
| HBS1L | 0 | 0 |
| MYB | 0 | 0 |
Drugs targeting cohort genes (top 30)
| Molecule | Max phase | Targets in cohort |
|---|---|---|
| CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL | 4 | HBB |
| MECHLORETHAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | HBB |
| PHENAZOPYRIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | HBB |
| MERCAPTOPURINE ANHYDROUS | 4 | HBB |
| AZACITIDINE | 4 | HBB |
| AZATHIOPRINE | 4 | HBB |
| TOPOTECAN HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | HBB |
| ACYCLOVIR | 4 | HBB |
| FLUOROURACIL | 4 | HBB |
| RAUWOLFIA SERPENTINA | 4 | HBB |
| HYDROQUINONE | 4 | HBB |
| MENADIONE | 4 | HBB |
| THIOTEPA | 4 | HBB |
| THIOGUANINE | 4 | HBB |
| RESERPINE | 4 | HBB |
| CURCUMIN | 3 | HBB |
| HYDROXYCAMPTOTHECIN | 3 | HBB |
| MOLIBRESIB | 2 | HBB |
| FISETIN | 2 | HBB |
| TEROXIRONE | 2 | HBB |
| 5-FLUOROURIDINE | 2 | HBB |
| ELLAGIC ACID | 2 | HBB |
| BAICALEIN | 2 | HBB |
Bioactivity and enzyme data
Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 0.
Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)
| Symbol | Assays | Type breakdown |
|---|---|---|
| HBB | 68 | Binding:50, Functional:18 |
| MYB | 7 | Binding:7 |
| HBG2 | 1 | Binding:1 |
| HBS1L | 1 | Binding:1 |
Pharmacogenomics
Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 9; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.
No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).
Chemical tractability of cohort targets
23 approved/phased compounds have measured bioactivity against a cohort gene (and aren’t yet in disease-level trials). This is a research / tractability signal, NOT a therapeutic recommendation — a bioactivity row often reflects off-target or screening binding (e.g. promiscuous kinase inhibitors against a cohort kinase), implying no disease mechanism.
| Compound | Max phase | Cohort target (bioactivity) |
|---|---|---|
| CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL | 4 | HBB |
| MECHLORETHAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | HBB |
| PHENAZOPYRIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | HBB |
| MERCAPTOPURINE ANHYDROUS | 4 | HBB |
| AZACITIDINE | 4 | HBB |
| AZATHIOPRINE | 4 | HBB |
| TOPOTECAN HYDROCHLORIDE | 4 | HBB |
| ACYCLOVIR | 4 | HBB |
| FLUOROURACIL | 4 | HBB |
| RAUWOLFIA SERPENTINA | 4 | HBB |
| HYDROQUINONE | 4 | HBB |
| MENADIONE | 4 | HBB |
| THIOTEPA | 4 | HBB |
| THIOGUANINE | 4 | HBB |
| RESERPINE | 4 | HBB |
| CURCUMIN | 3 | HBB |
| HYDROXYCAMPTOTHECIN | 3 | HBB |
| MOLIBRESIB | 2 | HBB |
| FISETIN | 2 | HBB |
| TEROXIRONE | 2 | HBB |
| 5-FLUOROURIDINE | 2 | HBB |
| ELLAGIC ACID | 2 | HBB |
| BAICALEIN | 2 | HBB |
Druggability pyramid
Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):
| Tier | Definition | Genes | Symbols |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | Approved (phase 4 drug) | 1 | HBB |
| B | Phased (≥1) drug, not yet approved | 0 | |
| C | Druggable family + PDB, no drug | 0 | |
| D | Druggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug | 0 | |
| E | Difficult family or no structure, no drug | 8 | BCL11A, ACSBG1, HBBP1, HBD, HBE1, HBG2, HBS1L, MYB |
Undrugged target profiles
8 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).
| Symbol | ChEMBL assays | Drugged partners (top 3) |
|---|---|---|
| BCL11A | 0 | — |
| ACSBG1 | 0 | — |
| HBBP1 | 0 | — |
| HBD | 0 | — |
| HBE1 | 0 | — |
| HBG2 | 1 | — |
| HBS1L | 1 | — |
| MYB | 7 | — |
Clinical trials & evidence
Clinical trials
Clinical trials: 0.