hepatitis B virus infection

disease
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Also known as chronic hepatitis BHepatitis BHepatitis B infectionHepatitis B virus caused hepatitisHepatitis B virus hepatitishepatitis type Bviral Hepatitis B

Summary

hepatitis B virus infection (MONDO:0005344) is a disease with 21 cohort genes (31 GWAS associations across 17 studies) and 1,160 clinical trials. The dominant Reactome pathway is Interferon gamma signaling (6 cohort genes). Top therapeutic interventions include entecavir anhydrous, tenofovir disoproxil, and tenofovir alafenamide.

At a glance

  • Cohort genes: 21
  • GWAS associations: 31
  • Clinical trials: 1,160

Clinical features

No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

FieldValue
Canonical namehepatitis B virus infection
Mondo IDMONDO:0005344
EFOEFO:0004197
MeSHD006509
DOIDDOID:2043
ICD-111718385802
NCITC3097
SNOMED CT66071002
UMLSC0019163
MedGen6807
Is cancer (heuristic)no

Also known as: chronic hepatitis B · Hepatitis B · Hepatitis B infection · hepatitis B infection · Hepatitis B virus caused hepatitis · Hepatitis B virus hepatitis · hepatitis type B · viral Hepatitis B

Data availability: 31 GWAS associations (17 studies).

Disease family

An umbrella term covering 2 Mondo subtypes.

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by etiologic mechanism › disease of primarily extrinsic mechanism › infectious diseaseviral infectious disease › primary viral infectious disease › Hepadnaviridae infectious disease › hepatitis B virus infection

Subtypes (2): chronic hepatitis B virus infection, acute hepatitis B virus infection

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

31 GWAS associations across 17 studies. Top hits map to 15 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).

Top associations by p-value

rsIDp-valueGeneRisk alleleOdds ratio
rs30772e-61HLA-DPA1G1.87
rs288914895e-59HLA-DQB1 - MTCO3P1?
rs92775353e-54HLA-DPB1G1.77
rs28567184e-37HLA-DQB1 - MTCO3P1A1.56
rs74539205e-37HLA-DQB2G1.89
rs14198811e-18TCF19?1.37
rs26470271e-15HLA-DQB1G0.2
rs31305429e-14HCG27 - HLA-CA1.33
rs6528887e-13EHMT2-AS1, EHMT2?1.38
rs48211162e-12UBE2L3G1.22
rs70009213e-12LZTS1 - TMEM97P2C1.28
rs2020909286e-12CACNA1HG2.35
rs5498827721e-11MAP7G2.67
rs5713785893e-11EXOGA2.63
rs102728599e-10CDK14G1.28
rs92775422e-09HLA-DPB1?
rs118663282e-08GRIN2AG1.68
rs6156721e-06HLA-DRB1 - HLA-DQA1?
rs31289232e-06HLA-DPA2 - COL11A2P1?
rs15378622e-06AFG1L?
rs4214463e-06HSD17B8 - MIR219A1G1.47
rs174019666e-06KIF1BG1.89

Top studies (by case count)

StudyLead authorYearCasesControlsTitle
GCST90651138Liu TY20259,726190,942Diversity and longitudinal records: Genetic architecture of disease associations and polygenic risk in the Taiwanese Han population.
GCST90477056Verma A20242,229447,136Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.
GCST001257Liu L20111,9440A genome-wide association study with DNA pooling identifies the variant rs11866328 in the GRIN2A gene that affects disease progression of chronic HBV infection.
GCST90477055Verma A20241,940118,553Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.
GCST90479751Verma A20241,940118,553Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.
GCST003615Li Y20161,2511,057Genome-wide association study identifies 8p21.3 associated with persistent hepatitis B virus infection among Chinese.
GCST002246Hu Z20139510New loci associated with chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Han Chinese.
GCST012285Zeng Z20214600Genome-wide association study identifies new loci associated with risk of HBV infection and disease progression.
GCST001150Mbarek H20114582,056A genome-wide association study of chronic hepatitis B identified novel risk locus in a Japanese population.
GCST90481435Verma A202441159,095Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

Tier distribution (top 50 variants)

TierVariants
Tier 1: coding1
Tier 2: splice/UTR4
Tier 3: regulatory0
Tier 4: intronic/intergenic17

MAF distribution

BucketVariants
common (>=0.05)19
low_freq (0.01-0.05)0
rare (<0.01)3
unknown0

Functional consequences

ConsequenceCount
intergenic_variant8
intron_variant7
3_prime_UTR_variant4
non_coding_transcript_exon_variant2
missense_variant1

Top variants

rsIDChrPosAllelesMAFConsequenceGenep-valueTier
rs3077633065245A>C,G,T0.43_prime_UTR_variantHLA-DPA12e-61Tier 2: splice/UTR
rs28891489632682585T>A,C0.05intergenic_variantHLA-DQB1 - MTCO3P15e-59Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs9277535633087084A>G0.433_prime_UTR_variantHLA-DPB13e-54Tier 2: splice/UTR
rs2856718632702478C>A,G,T0.48intergenic_variantHLA-DQB1 - MTCO3P14e-37Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs7453920632762235A>G,T0.13intron_variantHLA-DQB25e-37Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs1419881631162816G>A,C,T0.053_prime_UTR_variantTCF191e-18Tier 2: splice/UTR
rs2647027632667828G>A,C0.321intergenic_variantHLA-DQB11e-15Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs3130542631264334A>G0.13intergenic_variantHCG27 - HLA-C9e-14Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs652888631883457A>C,G,T0.05non_coding_transcript_exon_variantEHMT2-AS1, EHMT27e-13Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs48211162221619030C>A,T0.41intron_variantUBE2L32e-12Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs7000921820535695T>C0.278intergenic_variantLZTS1 - TMEM97P23e-12Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs202090928161195441G>A,C0missense_variantCACNA1H6e-12Tier 1: coding
rs5498827726136399631G>A0intron_variantMAP71e-11Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs571378589338527485A>G,T0intergenic_variantEXOG3e-11Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs10272859790689160G>A,C0.313intron_variantCDK149e-10Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs9277542633087470T>A,C0.053_prime_UTR_variantHLA-DPB12e-09Tier 2: splice/UTR
rs11866328169768699G>A,T0.05intron_variantGRIN2A2e-08Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs615672632606394G>A,C0.05intergenic_variantHLA-DRB1 - HLA-DQA11e-06Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs3128923633103545C>A,G0.05intergenic_variantHLA-DPA2 - COL11A2P12e-06Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs15378626108368952T>A,C0.05intron_variantAFG1L2e-06Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs421446633207006A>C,G0.05non_coding_transcript_exon_variantHSD17B8 - MIR219A13e-06Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs17401966110325413A>G0.269intron_variantKIF1B6e-06Tier 4: intronic/intergenic

Genes & proteins

Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers

GenCC: 0 · Orphanet: 36 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0

Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)

GeneOrphanet IDRare disease
UBE2L3Orphanet:536Systemic lupus erythematosus
KIF1BOrphanet:29072Hereditary pheochromocytoma-paraganglioma
KIF1BOrphanet:99946Autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A1
CSGALNACT1Orphanet:1425Desbuquois syndrome
GRIN2AOrphanet:163721Rolandic epilepsy-speech dyspraxia syndrome
GRIN2AOrphanet:1945Self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes
GRIN2AOrphanet:289266Early-onset epileptic encephalopathy and intellectual disability due to GRIN2A mutation
GRIN2AOrphanet:725Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy with spike-wave activation in sleep
GRIN2AOrphanet:98818Landau-Kleffner syndrome
HLA-COrphanet:585909B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2)
HLA-DPA1Orphanet:900Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
HLA-DPB1Orphanet:133Chronic beryllium disease
HLA-DPB1Orphanet:900Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
HLA-DQB1Orphanet:2073Narcolepsy type 1
HLA-DQB1Orphanet:477738Pediatric multiple sclerosis
HLA-DQB1Orphanet:703Bullous pemphigoid
HLA-DQB1Orphanet:83465Narcolepsy type 2
HLA-DQB1Orphanet:930Idiopathic achalasia
HLA-DRB1Orphanet:2073Narcolepsy type 1
HLA-DRB1Orphanet:220393Diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis
HLA-DRB1Orphanet:220402Limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis
HLA-DRB1Orphanet:220407Limited systemic sclerosis
HLA-DRB1Orphanet:3437Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease
HLA-DRB1Orphanet:397Giant cell arteritis
HLA-DRB1Orphanet:477738Pediatric multiple sclerosis
HLA-DRB1Orphanet:536Systemic lupus erythematosus
HLA-DRB1Orphanet:545Follicular lymphoma
HLA-DRB1Orphanet:703Bullous pemphigoid
HLA-DRB1Orphanet:747Autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
HLA-DRB1Orphanet:797Sarcoidosis
HLA-DRB1Orphanet:83465Narcolepsy type 2
HLA-DRB1Orphanet:85414Systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis
LPLOrphanet:309015Familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency
ATP6V1B2Orphanet:3473Zimmermann-Laband syndrome
ATP6V1B2Orphanet:79499Autosomal dominant deafness-onychodystrophy syndrome
ATP6V1B2Orphanet:79500DOORS syndrome

Cohort genes → proteins

21 cohort genes, 19 distinct canonical proteins.

Evidence partition

SubsetGenes
gwas_only21

Cohort genes (full)

SymbolHGNCEnsemblUniProtNameEvidence
SLC18A1HGNC:10934ENSG00000036565P54219Chromaffin granule amine transportergwas
TCF19HGNC:11629ENSG00000137310Q9Y242Transcription factor 19gwas
UBE2L3HGNC:12488ENSG00000185651P68036Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3gwas
LZTS1HGNC:13861ENSG00000061337Q9Y250Leucine zipper putative tumor suppressor 1gwas
EHMT2HGNC:14129ENSG00000204371Q96KQ7Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EHMT2gwas
AFG1LHGNC:16411ENSG00000135537Q8WV93AFG1-like ATPasegwas
KIF1BHGNC:16636ENSG00000054523O60333Kinesin-like protein KIF1Bgwas
CSGALNACT1HGNC:24290ENSG00000147408Q8TDX6Chondroitin sulfate N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1gwas
INTS10HGNC:25548ENSG00000104613Q9NVR2Integrator complex subunit 10gwas
MIR219A1HGNC:31597ENSG00000199036microRNA 219a-1gwas
GRIN2AHGNC:4585ENSG00000183454Q12879Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2Agwas
HLA-CHGNC:4933ENSG00000204525P10321HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, C alpha chaingwas
HLA-DPA1HGNC:4938ENSG00000231389P20036HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP alpha 1 chaingwas
HLA-DPA2HGNC:4939ENSG00000231461major histocompatibility complex, class II, DP alpha 2 (pseudogene)gwas
HLA-DPB1HGNC:4940ENSG00000223865P04440HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP beta 1 chaingwas
HLA-DQB1HGNC:4944ENSG00000179344P01920HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 1 chaingwas
HLA-DQB2HGNC:4945ENSG00000232629P05538HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 2 chaingwas
HLA-DRB1HGNC:4948ENSG00000196126P01911HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB1 beta chaingwas
LPLHGNC:6677ENSG00000175445P06858Lipoprotein lipasegwas
ATP6V1B2HGNC:854ENSG00000147416P21281V-type proton ATPase subunit B, brain isoformgwas
CDK14HGNC:8883ENSG00000058091O94921Cyclin-dependent kinase 14gwas

Cohort function summary

Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.

SymbolProtein nameFunction (lead sentence)
SLC18A1Chromaffin granule amine transporterElectrogenic antiporter that exchanges one cationic monoamine with two intravesicular protons across the membrane of secretory and synaptic vesicles.
TCF19Transcription factor 19Potential transcription factor that may play a role in the regulation of genes involved in cell cycle G1/S transition.
UBE2L3Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 that specifically acts with HECT-type and RBR family E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases.
LZTS1Leucine zipper putative tumor suppressor 1Involved in the regulation of cell growth.
EHMT2Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EHMT2Histone methyltransferase that specifically mono- and dimethylates ‘Lys-9’ of histone H3 (H3K9me1 and H3K9me2, respectively) in euchromatin.
AFG1LAFG1-like ATPasePutative mitochondrial ATPase.
KIF1BKinesin-like protein KIF1BHas a plus-end-directed microtubule motor activity and functions as a motor for transport of vesicles and organelles along microtubules.
CSGALNACT1Chondroitin sulfate N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1Transfers 1,4-N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) from UDP-GalNAc to the non-reducing end of glucuronic acid (GlcUA).
INTS10Integrator complex subunit 10Component of the integrator complex, a multiprotein complex that terminates RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription in the promoter-proximal region of genes.
GRIN2AGlutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2AComponent of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors (NMDARs) that function as heterotetrameric, ligand-gated cation channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent block by Mg(2+).
HLA-CHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, C alpha chainAntigen-presenting major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) molecule with an important role in reproduction and antiviral immunity.
HLA-DPA1HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP alpha 1 chainBinds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells.
HLA-DPB1HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP beta 1 chainBinds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells.
HLA-DQB1HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 1 chainBinds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells.
HLA-DQB2HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 2 chainBinds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells.
HLA-DRB1HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB1 beta chainA beta chain of antigen-presenting major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) molecule.
LPLLipoprotein lipaseKey enzyme in triglyceride metabolism.
ATP6V1B2V-type proton ATPase subunit B, brain isoformNon-catalytic subunit of the V1 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons.
CDK14Cyclin-dependent kinase 14Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the control of the eukaryotic cell cycle, whose activity is controlled by an associated cyclin.

Protein-family classification

Druggable: 11 · Difficult: 3 · Unknown: 7 · Druggable fraction: 0.52

Family distribution

Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.

FamilyGenesFoldFDR
Antibody/Immunoglobulin68.3×4e-04
Transporter13.7×0.591
Enzyme (other)31.7×0.591
Scaffold/PPI21.6×0.604
Kinase11.3×0.753
Other/Unknown70.6×0.989
Transcription factor10.4×0.989

Per-gene assignment

SymbolFamilyDruggable?ECInterPro (top 3)
SLC18A1TransporteryesTet-R_TetA/multi-R_MdtG-like, MFS, MFS_dom
TCF19Transcription factornoFHA_dom, Znf_PHD, SMAD_FHA_dom_sf
UBE2L3Enzyme (other)yes2.3.2.23UBC, UBQ-conjugating_enzyme/RWD, UBQ-conjugating_AS
LZTS1Other/UnknownnoLZTS
EHMT2Scaffold/PPIno2.1.1.355SET_dom, Ankyrin_rpt, Pre-SET_dom
AFG1LOther/UnknownnoATPase_AFG1-like, P-loop_NTPase
KIF1BScaffold/PPInoFHA_dom, Kinesin_motor_dom, PH_domain
CSGALNACT1Enzyme (other)yes2.4.1.174Chond_GalNAc, Nucleotide-diphossugar_trans, CS_glycosyltransferase
INTS10Other/UnknownnoInt_cplx_su10
MIR219A1Other/Unknownno
GRIN2AOther/UnknownnoIontro_rcpt_C, Iono_Glu_rcpt_met, ANF_lig-bd_rcpt
HLA-CAntibody/ImmunoglobulinyesMHC_I_a_a1/a2, Ig_C1-set, Ig-like_dom
HLA-DPA1Antibody/ImmunoglobulinyesMHC_II_a_N, Ig/MHC_CS, Ig_C1-set
HLA-DPA2Other/Unknownno
HLA-DPB1Antibody/ImmunoglobulinyesMHC_II_b_N, Ig/MHC_CS, Ig_C1-set
HLA-DQB1Antibody/ImmunoglobulinyesMHC_II_b_N, Ig/MHC_CS, Ig_C1-set
HLA-DQB2Antibody/ImmunoglobulinyesMHC_II_b_N, Ig/MHC_CS, Ig_C1-set
HLA-DRB1Antibody/ImmunoglobulinyesMHC_II_b_N, Ig/MHC_CS, Ig_C1-set
LPLEnzyme (other)yes3.1.1.34TAG_lipase, PLAT/LH2_dom, Lipo_Lipase
ATP6V1B2Other/UnknownnoATPase_F1/V1/A1_a/bsu_nucl-bd, ATPase_F1/V1/A1_a/bsu_N, ATPase_V1-cplx_bsu
CDK14KinaseyesProt_kinase_dom, Ser/Thr_kinase_AS, Kinase-like_dom_sf

Expression context

Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.

17 cohort genes are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.

Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)

BucketGenes
narrow (1-5 tissues)0
moderate (6-20)0
broad (>20)21
unknown0

Top tissues across cohort

TissueCohort genes
granulocyte6
lymph node3
right lung3
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis2
ganglionic eminence2
nucleus accumbens2
spleen2
monocyte2
vermiform appendix2
buccal mucosa cell1
diaphragm1
primordial germ cell in gonad1
ventricular zone1
mucosa of transverse colon1
oocyte1
secondary oocyte1
cortical plate1
putamen1
left testis1
right testis1

Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)

SymbolBgee breadthFANTOM5 breadthSCXATop tissues
SLC18A179tissue_specificmarkerdiaphragm, male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis, buccal mucosa cell
TCF19133ubiquitousyesprimordial germ cell in gonad, ventricular zone, lymph node
UBE2L3287ubiquitousmarkeroocyte, secondary oocyte, mucosa of transverse colon
LZTS1200broadmarkercortical plate, ganglionic eminence, nucleus accumbens
EHMT2134ubiquitousmarkernucleus accumbens, ganglionic eminence, putamen
AFG1L164ubiquitousyesleft testis, right testis, male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis
KIF1B287ubiquitousmarkerskeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis, biceps brachii, medial globus pallidus
CSGALNACT1280broadmarkercartilage tissue, cardiac muscle of right atrium, synovial joint
INTS10261ubiquitousmarkerbody of pancreas, right uterine tube, cerebellar hemisphere
MIR219A1107yessural nerve, granulocyte, olfactory segment of nasal mucosa
GRIN2A199broadmarkerBrodmann (1909) area 23, endothelial cell, middle temporal gyrus
HLA-C134ubiquitousmarkerblood, right lung, spleen
HLA-DPA1133ubiquitousmarkermonocyte, leukocyte, granulocyte
HLA-DPA228yesgranulocyte, cerebellar cortex, cerebellum
HLA-DPB1135ubiquitousmarkergranulocyte, lymph node, vermiform appendix
HLA-DQB1268broadmarkerright lung, spleen, upper lobe of left lung
HLA-DQB2127tissue_specificmarkerlymph node, granulocyte, skin of abdomen
HLA-DRB1131tissue_specificmarkervermiform appendix, granulocyte, right lung
LPL272broadmarkerolfactory bulb, trigeminal ganglion, dorsal root ganglion
ATP6V1B2300ubiquitousmarkerpons, monocyte, lateral nuclear group of thalamus
CDK14279ubiquitousmarkerpostcentral gyrus, parietal lobe, CA1 field of hippocampus

Protein interactions among cohort

Intra-cohort edges: 6.

Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)

SymbolInteractor count
EHMT24,723
HLA-DRB13,448
GRIN2A3,146
CDK143,135
ATP6V1B22,898
KIF1B2,257
LPL2,149
TCF191,774
HLA-DQB21,547
LZTS11,230

Intra-cohort edges

ABSources
EHMT2TCF19string_interaction
HLA-CHLA-DQB1intact
HLA-DPA1HLA-DPB1intact
HLA-DPA1HLA-DQB1intact
HLA-DQB2TCF19string_interaction
INTS10TCF19string_interaction

Structural data

PDB: 14 · AlphaFold-only: 5 · No structure: 2

Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)

SymbolUniProtPDB entries
HLA-DRB1P01911108
GRIN2AQ1287937
EHMT2Q96KQ735
UBE2L3P6803621
HLA-CP1032113
HLA-DPA1P2003610
HLA-DPB1P0444010
HLA-DQB1P0192010
SLC18A1P542198
INTS10Q9NVR28
ATP6V1B2P212818
LPLP068585
LZTS1Q9Y2501
KIF1BO603331

AlphaFold-only cohort genes (top 30 by pLDDT)

SymbolUniProtpLDDT
CSGALNACT1Q8TDX687.71
HLA-DQB2P0553886.87
AFG1LQ8WV9378.92
CDK14O9492171.10
TCF19Q9Y24263.17

Function

Pathway analysis

Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 74. Enrichment computed across 21 evidence-associated genes (15 with Reactome annotation).

Pathways by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 15 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

PathwayCohort genesFoldFDRSample cohort genes
Interferon gamma signaling650.2×8e-08HLA-C, HLA-DPA1, HLA-DPB1, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DQB2, HLA-DRB1
Translocation of ZAP-70 to Immunological synapse4169.2×2e-07HLA-DPA1, HLA-DPB1, HLA-DQB2, HLA-DRB1
Phosphorylation of CD3 and TCR zeta chains4145.0×3e-07HLA-DPA1, HLA-DPB1, HLA-DQB2, HLA-DRB1
Co-inhibition by PD-14138.4×3e-07HLA-DPA1, HLA-DPB1, HLA-DQB2, HLA-DRB1
Generation of second messenger molecules492.3×1e-06HLA-DPA1, HLA-DPB1, HLA-DQB2, HLA-DRB1
Downstream TCR signaling434.2×5e-05HLA-DPA1, HLA-DPB1, HLA-DQB2, HLA-DRB1
MHC class II antigen presentation423.8×2e-04HLA-DPA1, HLA-DPB1, HLA-DQB2, HLA-DRB1
Chylomicron remodeling176.1×0.113LPL
Endosomal/Vacuolar pathway169.2×0.113HLA-C
Regulation of MITF-M-dependent genes involved in lysosome biogenesis and autophagy144.8×0.113ATP6V1B2
Assembly of active LPL and LIPC lipase complexes140.1×0.113LPL
MECP2 regulates neuronal receptors and channels140.1×0.113GRIN2A
CS-GAG biosynthesis136.2×0.113CSGALNACT1
Unblocking of NMDA receptors, glutamate binding and activation136.2×0.113GRIN2A
Regulation of TP53 Activity through Methylation136.2×0.113EHMT2
Synaptic adhesion-like molecules136.2×0.113GRIN2A
Negative regulation of NMDA receptor-mediated neuronal transmission136.2×0.113GRIN2A
DAP12 interactions131.7×0.113HLA-C
Plasma lipoprotein remodeling131.7×0.113LPL
Long-term potentiation131.7×0.113GRIN2A
Regulation of necroptotic cell death129.3×0.113UBE2L3
Antigen Presentation: Folding, assembly and peptide loading of class I MHC126.2×0.113HLA-C
Metabolism of fat-soluble vitamins125.4×0.113LPL
Insulin receptor recycling125.4×0.113ATP6V1B2
Synthesis of active ubiquitin: roles of E1 and E2 enzymes124.6×0.113UBE2L3
Transferrin endocytosis and recycling124.6×0.113ATP6V1B2
PINK1-PRKN Mediated Mitophagy123.8×0.113UBE2L3
ROS and RNS production in phagocytes122.4×0.116ATP6V1B2
Transcriptional Regulation by E2F6119.5×0.128EHMT2
Transcriptional Regulation by VENTX117.7×0.132EHMT2

GO biological processes by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 19 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

GO termCohort genesFoldFDRSample cohort genes
peptide antigen assembly with MHC class II protein complex5277.2×8e-10HLA-DPA1, HLA-DPB1, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DQB2, HLA-DRB1
antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II5143.1×1e-08HLA-DPA1, HLA-DPB1, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DQB2, HLA-DRB1
positive regulation of immune response5126.7×2e-08HLA-DPA1, HLA-DPB1, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DQB2, HLA-DRB1
positive regulation of T cell activation5116.7×2e-08HLA-DPA1, HLA-DPB1, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DQB2, HLA-DRB1
adaptive immune response522.2×8e-05HLA-C, HLA-DPA1, HLA-DPB1, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DQB2
immune response512.4×0.001HLA-C, HLA-DPA1, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DQB2, HLA-DRB1
T cell receptor signaling pathway324.0×0.006HLA-DPB1, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRB1
positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity253.8×0.014HLA-C, HLA-DRB1
regulation of interleukin-4 production1887.0×0.018HLA-DRB1
phenotypic switching1887.0×0.018EHMT2
UDP-glucuronate metabolic process1887.0×0.018CSGALNACT1
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II1443.5×0.026HLA-DRB1
regulation of interleukin-10 production1443.5×0.026HLA-DRB1
humoral immune response229.6×0.026HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRB1
positive regulation of T cell proliferation227.3×0.026HLA-DPA1, HLA-DPB1
regulation of synaptic plasticity227.3×0.026LZTS1, GRIN2A
myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation1295.6×0.027HLA-DRB1
aminergic neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicle1295.6×0.027SLC18A1
directional locomotion1295.6×0.027GRIN2A
low-density lipoprotein particle mediated signaling1295.6×0.027LPL
protein localization to postsynaptic membrane1295.6×0.027GRIN2A
positive regulation of type II interferon production223.6×0.027HLA-DPA1, HLA-DPB1
UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine metabolic process1221.7×0.029CSGALNACT1
chylomicron remodeling1221.7×0.029LPL
regulation of T-helper cell differentiation1221.7×0.029HLA-DRB1
mitochondrial protein quality control1221.7×0.029AFG1L
positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation1221.7×0.029HLA-DRB1
peptidyl-lysine dimethylation1177.4×0.032EHMT2
positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation1177.4×0.032HLA-DRB1
very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance1177.4×0.032LPL

Therapeutics

Drugs indicated for this disease

8 approved, 9 in late-stage (phase 3) trials. Disease-direct ChEMBL indications, not inferred from the associated-gene cohort below.

DrugDevelopment status
Adefovir DipivoxilApproved (phase 4)
HEPATITIS B VIRUS S PROTEIN, PRE-S1 PROTEIN AND PRE-S2 PROTEIN VIRUS LIKE PARTICLESApproved (phase 4)
Hepatitis B Immune GlobulinApproved (phase 4)
Hepatitis B Virus Hbsag Surface Protein AntigenApproved (phase 4)
INTERFERON ALFA-2BApproved (phase 4)
LamivudineApproved (phase 4)
PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2AApproved (phase 4)
TelbivudineApproved (phase 4)
AdefovirPhase 3 (in late-stage trials)
BepirovirsenPhase 3 (in late-stage trials)
ClevudinePhase 3 (in late-stage trials)
EmtricitabinePhase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Hepatitis B Virus Vaccine InactivatedPhase 3 (in late-stage trials)
RibavirinPhase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Tenofovir AlafenamidePhase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Tenofovir AnhydrousPhase 3 (in late-stage trials)
ThimerosalPhase 3 (in late-stage trials)

Earlier-phase candidates (phase 2, investigational — efficacy not yet established): 1018 ISS, Bulevirtide, Daclatasvir, Dasabuvir, Imiquimod, Ledipasvir, Nivolumab, Ombitasvir, PEGINTERFERON LAMBDA-1A, Paritaprevir, Ritonavir, Sodium Chloride, Sofosbuvir, Tenofovir Disoproxil, Terfenadine.

Drug target analysis

Approved (phase 4): 6 · Phase ≥3: 6 · Phased (≥1): 6 · Undrugged: 15

Druggability breadth: 11 of 21 evidence-associated genes (52%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).

Genes with an approved drug

The molecule shown is one approved compound that hits the gene — not necessarily a drug of choice or one indicated for this disease.

SymbolExample approved molecule
SLC18A1RESERPINE
EHMT2RALTITREXED
GRIN2AMEMANTINE HYDROCHLORIDE
LPLORLISTAT
ATP6V1B2ENOXACIN
CDK14FEDRATINIB

Top cohort targets by molecule count

SymbolMoleculesMax phase
GRIN2A374
CDK14174
EHMT274
SLC18A114
LPL14
ATP6V1B214
TCF1900
UBE2L300
LZTS100
AFG1L00

Drugs targeting cohort genes (top 30)

MoleculeMax phaseTargets in cohort
RESERPINE4SLC18A1
RALTITREXED4EHMT2
TAZEMETOSTAT4EHMT2
DISULFIRAM4EHMT2
MEMANTINE HYDROCHLORIDE4GRIN2A
ESKETAMINE4GRIN2A
DEXTROMETHORPHAN4GRIN2A
PENTAMIDINE4GRIN2A
AMANTADINE4GRIN2A
KETAMINE4GRIN2A
CYCLOSERINE4GRIN2A
MEMANTINE4GRIN2A
TACRINE4GRIN2A
LEVORPHANOL4GRIN2A
CHLORPROMAZINE4GRIN2A
PROCYCLIDINE4GRIN2A
ORPHENADRINE4GRIN2A
ORLISTAT4LPL
ENOXACIN4ATP6V1B2
FEDRATINIB4CDK14
SORAFENIB4CDK14
BOSUTINIB4CDK14
NINTEDANIB4CDK14
SUNITINIB4CDK14
EBSELEN3EHMT2
ESMETHADONE3GRIN2A
DALZANEMDOR3GRIN2A
LATREPIRDINE3GRIN2A
GLUTAMIC ACID3GRIN2A
ENZASTAURIN3CDK14

Bioactivity and enzyme data

Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 4.

Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)

SymbolAssaysType breakdown
EHMT2442Binding:435, Functional:6, ADMET:1
GRIN2A324Binding:296, Functional:23, ADMET:4, Toxicity:1
CDK14179Binding:179
HLA-DRB117Binding:17
LPL16Binding:16
CSGALNACT19Binding:9
ATP6V1B23Binding:3
SLC18A12Functional:1, Binding:1
UBE2L32Binding:2
KIF1B1Binding:1
HLA-C1Binding:1

Cohort enzymes (BRENDA EC)

SymbolEC numbersNames
UBE2L32.3.2.23, 2.3.2.24E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, (E3-independent) E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme
EHMT22.1.1.355, 2.1.1.356, 2.1.1.367, 2.1.1.368[histone H3]-lysine9 N-trimethyltransferase, [histone H3]-lysine27 N-trimethyltransferase, [histone H3]-lysine9 N-methyltransferase, [histone H3]-lysine9 N-dimethyltransferase
CSGALNACT12.4.1.174, 2.4.1.175glucuronylgalactosylproteoglycan 4-beta-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, glucuronosyl-N-acetylgalactosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-beta-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
LPL3.1.1.34lipoprotein lipase

Cohort genes with high screening signal

≥100 ChEMBL assays — a studied-ness signal; see Therapeutics for approved-drug status.

SymbolChEMBL assays
EHMT2442
GRIN2A324
CDK14179

Pharmacogenomics

Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 21; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.

No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).

Chemical tractability of cohort targets

30 approved/phased compounds have measured bioactivity against a cohort gene (and aren’t yet in disease-level trials). This is a research / tractability signal, NOT a therapeutic recommendation — a bioactivity row often reflects off-target or screening binding (e.g. promiscuous kinase inhibitors against a cohort kinase), implying no disease mechanism.

CompoundMax phaseCohort target (bioactivity)
RESERPINE4SLC18A1
RALTITREXED4EHMT2
TAZEMETOSTAT4EHMT2
DISULFIRAM4EHMT2
MEMANTINE HYDROCHLORIDE4GRIN2A
ESKETAMINE4GRIN2A
DEXTROMETHORPHAN4GRIN2A
PENTAMIDINE4GRIN2A
AMANTADINE4GRIN2A
KETAMINE4GRIN2A
CYCLOSERINE4GRIN2A
MEMANTINE4GRIN2A
TACRINE4GRIN2A
LEVORPHANOL4GRIN2A
CHLORPROMAZINE4GRIN2A
PROCYCLIDINE4GRIN2A
ORPHENADRINE4GRIN2A
ORLISTAT4LPL
ENOXACIN4ATP6V1B2
FEDRATINIB4CDK14
SORAFENIB4CDK14
BOSUTINIB4CDK14
NINTEDANIB4CDK14
SUNITINIB4CDK14
EBSELEN3EHMT2
ESMETHADONE3GRIN2A
DALZANEMDOR3GRIN2A
LATREPIRDINE3GRIN2A
GLUTAMIC ACID3GRIN2A
ENZASTAURIN3CDK14

Druggability pyramid

Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):

TierDefinitionGenesSymbols
AApproved (phase 4 drug)6SLC18A1, EHMT2, GRIN2A, LPL, ATP6V1B2, CDK14
BPhased (≥1) drug, not yet approved0
CDruggable family + PDB, no drug6UBE2L3, HLA-C, HLA-DPA1, HLA-DPB1, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRB1
DDruggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug2CSGALNACT1, HLA-DQB2
EDifficult family or no structure, no drug7TCF19, LZTS1, AFG1L, KIF1B, INTS10, MIR219A1, HLA-DPA2

Undrugged target profiles

15 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).

SymbolChEMBL assaysDrugged partners (top 3)
TCF190
UBE2L32
LZTS10
AFG1L0
KIF1B1
CSGALNACT19
INTS100
MIR219A10
HLA-C1
HLA-DPA10
HLA-DPA20
HLA-DPB10
HLA-DQB10
HLA-DQB20
HLA-DRB117

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 1,160.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

PhaseTrials
Not specified361
PHASE4224
PHASE3181
PHASE2165
PHASE1123
PHASE1/PHASE227
PHASE2/PHASE314
EARLY_PHASE15

Top trials by phase / activity

NCTPhaseStatusTitle
NCT02779465PHASE4NOT_YET_RECRUITINGOral Vitamin D Treatment for the Prevention of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
NCT03753074PHASE4ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITINGEffectiveness of TAF in Reducing Clinical Events in CHB Patients Beyond Treatment Indications by Current Guidelines
NCT03792919PHASE4RECRUITINGCessation of Long Term NAs vs. Keeping on NAs Among CHB Patients (CNAVK)
NCT03933384PHASE4RECRUITINGTenofovir Alafenamide Versus Entecavir for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B
NCT04496882PHASE4ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITINGChronic Hepatitis b Patients Switch to tAf After Discontinuation of Nucleoside Analogue
NCT04588077PHASE4RECRUITINGComparison Between 2-dose Versus 3-dose Regimens of Heplisav B in Cirrhosis
NCT05147090PHASE4ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITINGEffects of Empagliflozin on Fibrosis and Cirrhosis in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients
NCT05410496PHASE4ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITINGTenofovir Alafenamide Switching Therapy in Kidney or Liver Transplant Recipients With Chronic HBV Infection
NCT05853718PHASE4RECRUITINGStudy of Tenofovir Alafenamide in HBV-Infected Pregnant Women
NCT06084234PHASE4RECRUITINGNational Liver Cancer Screening Trial
NCT06364930PHASE4RECRUITINGSGLT2i to Prevent of Liver Complications in Patients With CHB and Diabetes Mellitus
NCT06368882PHASE4RECRUITINGEfficacy and Safety of Antiviral Therapy With Peg-interferon for Chronic Hepatitis B Complicated With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease(OCEAN PROJECT)
NCT06786429PHASE4NOT_YET_RECRUITINGManaging Hepatitis B (Hep. B) and Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Related Cancers and Mental Health.
NCT06900166PHASE4NOT_YET_RECRUITINGPegylated Interferon Alfa-2b in Reducing Relapse Rates After Nucleos(t)ide Analogue Withdrawal in HBeAg-negative CHB Patients with Low Level HBsAg
NCT07071636PHASE4NOT_YET_RECRUITINGClinical Efficacy of Pegylated Interferon Alpha-2b Combined With Nucleos(t)Ide Analogues in the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B Patients
NCT07258251PHASE4NOT_YET_RECRUITINGStrengthening Hepatitis B Screening, Linkage to Care and Long-Term Monitoring in Phichit Province, Thailand: A Birth Bohort Approach
NCT07345611PHASE4NOT_YET_RECRUITINGEntecavir With or Without Pegylated Interferon α-2b in Children Aged 3-6 Years With Immune-Active Chronic Hepatitis B
NCT07345624PHASE4NOT_YET_RECRUITINGEntecavir With or Without Pegylated Interferon α-2b in Children Aged 3-6 Years With Immune-Tolerant Chronic Hepatitis B
NCT07573943PHASE4RECRUITINGASC22 Combined With Peg-IFNa in Achieving Functional Cure in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection
NCT00106964PHASE4COMPLETEDComparison of Three Hepatitis B Vaccination Regimens in HIV-Positive Youth
NCT00117533PHASE4UNKNOWNPegylated Interferon Alfa-2b Plus Ribavirin in Chronic Hepatitis B and Delta
NCT00127959PHASE4COMPLETEDVirological and Clinical Anti-Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Efficacy of Tenofovir and Emtricitabine in Patients With HIV/HBV co-Infection
NCT00169858PHASE4COMPLETEDLong Term Immunogenicity Study of Engerix-B Vaccine in 10 Year Old Children and the Effect of Booster Injections
NCT00186836PHASE4COMPLETEDEfficacy Study of Combined Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B Vaccine to Protect Against Hepatitis B in Hemodialysis Patients
NCT00197158PHASE4COMPLETEDComparison of Monodose and Multidose Presentations of GSK Biologicals’ Hepatitis B Vaccine in Terms of Immune Response
NCT00222664PHASE4COMPLETEDQidong Hepatitis B Intervention Study
NCT00226382PHASE4COMPLETEDTreatment With Peginterferon Alfa-2a (40 KD) of Chronic Hepatitis B Patients, Who Have Failed Anti-viral Treatment
NCT00230061PHASE4COMPLETEDHepatitis B Vaccination in HIV-infected Persons
NCT00230477PHASE4COMPLETEDHepsera Versus Hepsera Plus Lamivudine for Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B in Patients With Normal ALT
NCT00240500PHASE4COMPLETEDFollow-up Study 16-20 Years After Primary Vaccination Against Hepatitis B of Newborns From HBeAg+ & HBsAg+ Mothers
NCT00240526PHASE4COMPLETEDLT F-up Study 16-20 Yrs After Vaccine Dose of Hepatitis B With/Without HBIg in Newborns to HBeAg+ Mothers
NCT00240539PHASE4COMPLETEDLong Term Follow-Up Study 16-20 Years After Hepatitis B Vaccination in Newborns of Mothers Who Were Seropositive for Hepatitis B Envelope Antigen (HBeAg) & Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg)
NCT00289731PHASE4COMPLETEDEffect of Risk Factors Likely to Influence Immuno of Combined Hepatitis A & B Vacc vs Monovalent Hepatitis A & B Vacc
NCT00291616PHASE4COMPLETEDEfficacy Study of Thymosin alpha1 & Pegylated Interferon-alpha2a to Treat Chronic Hepatitis B
NCT00307242PHASE4COMPLETEDStudy Comparing the Safety of Switching From Lamivudine to Adefovir Dipivoxil Versus Overlapping Lamivudine and Adefovir Before Adefovir Dipivoxil Monotherapy in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B
NCT00324961PHASE4COMPLETEDAdefovir Dipivoxil Tablets (10mg) In Chinese Subjects With HBe Antigen Negative Chronic Hepatitis B
NCT00329576PHASE4COMPLETEDEvaluate Immune Response Approximately 5 to 6 Years After Receiving Different Formulations of GSK Bio Hep B Vaccine
NCT00335881PHASE4COMPLETEDPersistence of the Immune Response to Hepatitis B in 4-6 Years Old Children Previously Vaccinated With DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib
NCT00338780PHASE4COMPLETEDTrial of Lamivudine Treatment in HBeAg Negative Chronic Hepatitis B Patients (in Asia)
NCT00347009PHASE4COMPLETEDAdefovir Dipivoxil For The Treatment Of Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Related Advanced Fibrosis Or Cirrhosis

Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)

MoleculeMax phaseTrials referencing
ENTECAVIR ANHYDROUS4141
TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL461
TENOFOVIR ALAFENAMIDE459
HEPATITIS B VIRUS HBSAG SURFACE PROTEIN ANTIGEN436
TELBIVUDINE430
ADEFOVIR DIPIVOXIL424
PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A417
LAMIVUDINE412
PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2B47
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE POLYSACCHARIDE CONJUGATED TO CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE CRM19745
TERFENADINE45
EMTRICITABINE44
HEPATITIS B IMMUNE GLOBULIN43
ROTAVIRUS, LIVE ATTENUATED43
ZIDOVUDINE42
ABACAVIR41
ALBUMIN HUMAN41
ALDESLEUKIN41
BULEVIRTIDE41
CARBAMAZEPINE41
DIPHENHYDRAMINE41
EFAVIRENZ41
EMPAGLIFLOZIN41
ETHINYL ESTRADIOL41
ETRAVIRINE41
HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS, L1 PROTEIN VIRUS LIKE PARTICLES41
IBRUTINIB41
IMIQUIMOD41
INTERFERON ALFA-2A41
LEDIPASVIR41