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Atlas / Disease / Herpes zoster

Herpes zoster

disease
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Also known as shinglesZoster

Summary

Herpes zoster (MONDO:0005609) is a disease with 14 cohort genes (50 GWAS associations across 31 studies) and 227 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include varicella zoster virus envelope glycoprotein e, varicella zoster virus, live attenuated, and valacyclovir.

At a glance

  • Cohort genes: 14
  • GWAS associations: 50
  • Clinical trials: 227

Clinical features

No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

FieldValue
Canonical nameherpes zoster
Mondo IDMONDO:0005609
EFOEFO:0006510
MeSHD006562
DOIDDOID:8536
ICD-10-CMB02
NCITC71079
SNOMED CT4740000
UMLSC0019360
MedGen42437
Is cancer (heuristic)no

Also known as: herpes Zoster · shingles · Zoster

Data availability: 50 GWAS associations (31 studies).

Disease family

An umbrella term covering 3 Mondo subtypes.

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by etiologic mechanism › disease of primarily extrinsic mechanism › infectious disease › viral infectious disease › primary viral infectious disease › Herpesviridae infectious disease › varicella zoster infection › herpes zoster

Related subtypes (3): chickenpox, herpes zoster dermatitis, herpetic vulvovaginitis

Subtypes (3): geniculate herpes zoster, ophthalmic herpes zoster, zoster sine herpete

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

50 GWAS associations across 31 studies. Top hits map to 15 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).

Top associations by p-value

rsIDp-valueGeneRisk alleleOdds ratio
chr6:313541291e-44G0.19
rs25749744e-18T2.06
rs10558498e-14HLA-BA0.11
rs1833569411e-11PTGFR, MGC27382G2.13
rs171993289e-11HLA-BG1.32
rs1128175031e-10LINC01108 - RNU6-793P?5.47
rs588616118e-10CABYRP1 - CACNA2D3?3.6
rs599678968e-10ZBP1 - PMEPA1?3.75
rs1474822182e-09LRRC32G3.49
rs98101953e-09MB21D2 - VEZF1P1A1.26
rs1447218996e-09TMC7G4.65
rs561143316e-09GPR141?3.7
rs790253276e-09TOX3?2.9
chr2:1188354017e-09G0.09
rs756403648e-09HCP5G1.36
chr11:829380279e-09G2.77
rs5415585021e-08FAM110BA9.75
rs1427656741e-08VAV3-AS1G2.2
rs5378416892e-08LINC02392 - LINC02822T7.95
rs1428200052e-08ACSF3?2.3
rs1506655412e-08UGDH-AS1?4.86
chr11:470121072e-08TA1.11
chr2:1892171442e-08A0.79
chr7:8043182e-08T2.7
rs7658853353e-08NPM1P10 - HACE1G10.15
rs2006384563e-08VWF?3.5
rs1171717525e-08IZUMO3 - RMRPP5G1.23
rs1484625305e-07SIX4?
rs96133968e-07LINC01638?
rs1148648151e-06LINC01149 - HCP5?1.37

Top studies (by case count)

StudyLead authorYearCasesControlsTitle
GCST90473050UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium202517,856440,584Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants.
GCST90667850UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium202517,856440,584Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants.
GCST90477048Verma A202411,523421,571Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.
GCST90103383Fitzgerald T20225,741165,016CNest: A novel copy number association discovery method uncovers 862 new associations from 200,629 whole-exome sequence datasets in the UK Biobank.
GCST90652166Liu TY20253,803190,942Diversity and longitudinal records: Genetic architecture of disease associations and polygenic risk in the Taiwanese Han population.
GCST007139Stanaway IB20183,20134,960The eMERGE genotype set of 83,717 subjects imputed to ~40 million variants genome wide and association with the herpes zoster medical record phenotype.
GCST90079549Backman JD20212,991372,592Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants.
GCST90083535Backman JD20212,991372,592Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants.
GCST90652203Liu TY20252,512190,942Diversity and longitudinal records: Genetic architecture of disease associations and polygenic risk in the Taiwanese Han population.
GCST90477047Verma A20242,466115,986Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

Tier distribution (top 50 variants)

TierVariants
Tier 1: coding0
Tier 2: splice/UTR1
Tier 3: regulatory0
Tier 4: intronic/intergenic29

MAF distribution

BucketVariants
common (>=0.05)15
low_freq (0.01-0.05)1
rare (<0.01)8
unknown6

Functional consequences

ConsequenceCount
intron_variant17
unknown7
intergenic_variant4
3_prime_UTR_variant1
non_coding_transcript_exon_variant1

Top variants

rsIDChrPosAllelesMAFConsequenceGenep-valueTier
chr6:313541291e-44Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs25749740.0174e-18Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs1055849631354139A>C,G0.3433_prime_UTR_variantHLA-B8e-14Tier 2: splice/UTR
rs183356941178364352G>A0.002intron_variantPTGFR, MGC273821e-11Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs17199328631354618A>C,G,T0.14intron_variantHLA-B9e-11Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs112817503614292589C>T0.05intron_variantLINC01108 - RNU6-793P1e-10Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs58861611354084687T>A,C0.05intron_variantCABYRP1 - CACNA2D38e-10Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs599678962057641643TCAA>T,TCAACAA,TCAACAACAA0.05intergenic_variantZBP1 - PMEPA18e-10Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs1474822181176667642T>G0.002intron_variantLRRC322e-09Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs98101953193028537A>G0.13intergenic_variantMB21D2 - VEZF1P13e-09Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs1447218991618993889A>G0.001intron_variantTMC76e-09Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs56114331737763129C>G,T0.05intron_variantGPR1416e-09Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs790253271652471255A>G,T0.05intron_variantTOX36e-09Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr2:1188354017e-09Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs75640364631465789G>C0.09non_coding_transcript_exon_variantHCP58e-09Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr11:829380279e-09Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs541558502858095231G>A0intron_variantFAM110B1e-08Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs1427656741108070308A>G0.004intron_variantVAV3-AS11e-08Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs5378416891290550058C>T0intergenic_variantLINC02392 - LINC028222e-08Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs1428200051689145003A>G,T0.05intron_variantACSF32e-08Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs150665541439534903C>T0.05intron_variantUGDH-AS12e-08Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr11:470121072e-08Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr2:1892171442e-08Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr7:8043182e-08Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs7658853356104245432A>G0intergenic_variantNPM1P10 - HACE13e-08Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs200638456125993661T>TAC,TACAC,TACACACACAC0.05intron_variantVWF3e-08Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs117171752924761759C>A,G0.007intron_variantIZUMO3 - RMRPP55e-08Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs1484625301460716284G>A,C0.05intron_variantSIX45e-07Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs96133962227204866C>T0.05intron_variantLINC016388e-07Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
rs1148648156314612100.08intron_variantLINC01149 - HCP51e-06Tier 4: intronic/intergenic

Genes & proteins

Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers

GenCC: 0 · Orphanet: 14 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0

Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)

GeneOrphanet IDRare disease
VWFOrphanet:166078Von Willebrand disease type 1
VWFOrphanet:166084Von Willebrand disease type 2A
VWFOrphanet:166087Von Willebrand disease type 2B
VWFOrphanet:166090Von Willebrand disease type 2M
VWFOrphanet:166093Von Willebrand disease type 2N
VWFOrphanet:166096Von Willebrand disease type 3
ACSF3Orphanet:289504Combined malonic and methylmalonic acidemia
DHFROrphanet:319651Constitutional megaloblastic anemia with severe neurologic disease
HLA-BOrphanet:117Behçet disease
HLA-BOrphanet:275798Pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with connective tissue disease
HLA-BOrphanet:29207Reactive arthritis
HLA-BOrphanet:3287Takayasu arteritis
HLA-BOrphanet:36426Stevens-Johnson syndrome
HLA-BOrphanet:397Giant cell arteritis

Cohort genes → proteins

14 cohort genes, 13 distinct canonical proteins.

Evidence partition

SubsetGenes
gwas_only14

Cohort genes (full)

SymbolHGNCEnsemblUniProtNameEvidence
TOX3HGNC:11972ENSG00000103460O15405TOX high mobility group box family member 3gwas
UGDHHGNC:12525ENSG00000109814O60701UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenasegwas
VWFHGNC:12726ENSG00000110799P04275von Willebrand factorgwas
PMEPA1HGNC:14107ENSG00000124225Q969W9Protein TMEPAIgwas
CD83HGNC:1703ENSG00000112149Q01151CD83 antigengwas
IL17RBHGNC:18015ENSG00000056736Q9NRM6Interleukin-17 receptor Bgwas
GPR141HGNC:19997ENSG00000187037Q7Z602Probable G-protein coupled receptor 141gwas
TMC7HGNC:23000ENSG00000170537Q7Z402Transmembrane channel-like protein 7gwas
CYCSP5HGNC:24416ENSG00000227735CYCS pseudogene 5gwas
ACSF3HGNC:27288ENSG00000176715Q4G176Malonate–CoA ligase ACSF3, mitochondrialgwas
FAM110BHGNC:28587ENSG00000169122Q8TC76Protein FAM110Bgwas
DHFRHGNC:2861ENSG00000228716P00374Dihydrofolate reductasegwas
LRRC32HGNC:4161ENSG00000137507Q14392Transforming growth factor beta activator LRRC32gwas
HLA-BHGNC:4932ENSG00000234745P01889HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chaingwas

Cohort function summary

Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.

SymbolProtein nameFunction (lead sentence)
TOX3TOX high mobility group box family member 3Transcriptional coactivator of the p300/CBP-mediated transcription complex.
UGDHUDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenaseCatalyzes the formation of UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate, a constituent of complex glycosaminoglycans.
VWFvon Willebrand factorImportant in the maintenance of hemostasis, it promotes adhesion of platelets to the sites of vascular injury by forming a molecular bridge between sub-endothelial collagen matrix and platelet-surface receptor complex GPIb-IX-V.
PMEPA1Protein TMEPAIFunctions as a negative regulator of TGF-beta signaling and thereby probably plays a role in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, motility, extracellular matrix production and immunosuppression.
CD83CD83 antigenTransmembrane glycoprotein predominantly found on the surface of many immune cells including dendritic cells or lymphocytes that plays various roles in immune response regulation.
IL17RBInterleukin-17 receptor BReceptor for the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL17B and IL17E.
GPR141Probable G-protein coupled receptor 141Orphan receptor.
TMC7Transmembrane channel-like protein 7Acts as an inhibitory modulator of PIEZO2 mechanosensitive channel in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons through physical interactions or interference with the interaction between PIEZO2 and the cytoskeleton.
ACSF3Malonate–CoA ligase ACSF3, mitochondrialCatalyzes the initial reaction in intramitochondrial fatty acid synthesis, by activating malonate and methylmalonate, but not acetate, into their respective CoA thioester.
FAM110BProtein FAM110BMay be involved in tumor progression.
DHFRDihydrofolate reductaseCatalyzes the reduction of 7,8-dihydrofolate (DHF) to 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate in a NADPH-dependent manner.
LRRC32Transforming growth factor beta activator LRRC32Key regulator of transforming growth factor beta (TGFB1, TGFB2 and TGFB3) that controls TGF-beta activation by maintaining it in a latent state during storage in extracellular space.
HLA-BHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chainAntigen-presenting major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) molecule.

Protein-family classification

Druggable: 5 · Difficult: 0 · Unknown: 9 · Druggable fraction: 0.36

Family distribution

Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.

FamilyGenesFoldFDR
Antibody/Immunoglobulin24.2×0.325
Enzyme (other)21.7×0.450
GPCR11.7×0.450
Other/Unknown91.1×0.450

Per-gene assignment

SymbolFamilyDruggable?ECInterPro (top 3)
TOX3Other/UnknownnoHMG_box_dom, HMG_box_dom_sf, TOX_HMG-box_domain
UGDHEnzyme (other)yes1.1.1.22UDP-Glc/GDP-Man_DH_N, 6-PGluconate_DH-like_C_sf, UDP-Glc/GDP-Man_DH_dimer
VWFOther/UnknownnoVWF_dom, VWF_type-D, VWF_A
PMEPA1Other/UnknownnoTMEPAI/LRAD4
CD83Antibody/ImmunoglobulinyesIg_sub, Ig-like_dom, Ig_V-set
IL17RBOther/UnknownnoSEFIR_dom, IL17R_A/B_N, IL17RA/B_FnIII-like_1_sf
GPR141GPCRyesGPCR_Rhodpsn, GPCR_Rhodpsn_7TM, GP183-like
TMC7Other/UnknownnoTMC_dom, TMC
CYCSP5Other/Unknownno
ACSF3Other/UnknownnoAMP-dep_synth/lig_dom, AMP-binding_CS, AMP-bd_C
FAM110BOther/UnknownnoFAM110_N, FAM110, FAM110_C
DHFREnzyme (other)yes1.5.1.3DHFR_dom, DHFR, DHFR_CS
LRRC32Other/UnknownnoLRRNT, Leu-rich_rpt, Leu-rich_rpt_typical-subtyp
HLA-BAntibody/ImmunoglobulinyesMHC_I_a_a1/a2, Ig/MHC_CS, Ig_C1-set

Expression context

Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.

13 cohort genes are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.

Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)

BucketGenes
narrow (1-5 tissues)0
moderate (6-20)0
broad (>20)14
unknown0

Top tissues across cohort

TissueCohort genes
colonic mucosa2
mucosa of sigmoid colon2
corpus callosum2
granulocyte2
pancreatic ductal cell1
islet of Langerhans1
apex of heart1
tendon of biceps brachii1
urethra1
ascending aorta1
thoracic aorta1
visceral pleura1
adrenal tissue1
endothelial cell1
secondary oocyte1
adult mammalian kidney1
kidney epithelium1
nephron tubule1
bone marrow1
leukocyte1

Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)

SymbolBgee breadthFANTOM5 breadthSCXATop tissues
TOX3220broadmarkermucosa of sigmoid colon, pancreatic ductal cell, colonic mucosa
UGDH278ubiquitousmarkercolonic mucosa, mucosa of sigmoid colon, islet of Langerhans
VWF289broadmarkerurethra, tendon of biceps brachii, apex of heart
PMEPA1277ubiquitousmarkervisceral pleura, ascending aorta, thoracic aorta
CD83276ubiquitousmarkeradrenal tissue, secondary oocyte, endothelial cell
IL17RB224broadmarkernephron tubule, adult mammalian kidney, kidney epithelium
GPR141120broadmarkermonocyte, leukocyte, bone marrow
TMC7183broadmarkerC1 segment of cervical spinal cord, spinal cord, corpus callosum
CYCSP597yesprimordial germ cell in gonad, male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis, corpus callosum
ACSF3173ubiquitousmarkermucosa of transverse colon, granulocyte, right adrenal gland
FAM110B238ubiquitousmarkercortical plate, cartilage tissue, middle temporal gyrus
DHFR290ubiquitousmarkerbuccal mucosa cell, ventricular zone, ganglionic eminence
LRRC32220ubiquitousmarkerright coronary artery, left coronary artery, right lung
HLA-B134ubiquitousmarkerblood, spleen, granulocyte

Protein interactions among cohort

Intra-cohort edges: 0.

Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)

SymbolInteractor count
VWF5,204
DHFR4,152
HLA-B3,209
ACSF32,854
UGDH2,637
PMEPA12,193
CD832,028
TOX31,454
LRRC321,441
IL17RB1,076

Structural data

PDB: 7 · AlphaFold-only: 6 · No structure: 1

Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)

SymbolUniProtPDB entries
HLA-BP01889237
DHFRP0037489
VWFP0427548
UGDHO6070120
LRRC32Q143926
CD83Q011514
IL17RBQ9NRM64

AlphaFold-only cohort genes (top 30 by pLDDT)

SymbolUniProtpLDDT
ACSF3Q4G17686.58
GPR141Q7Z60281.63
TMC7Q7Z40277.63
TOX3O1540560.22
FAM110BQ8TC7659.48
PMEPA1Q969W957.03

Function

Pathway analysis

Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 45. Enrichment computed across 14 evidence-associated genes (7 with Reactome annotation).

Pathways by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 7 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

PathwayCohort genesFoldFDRSample cohort genes
Defective F8 binding to von Willebrand factor1815.7×0.022VWF
Defective F8 cleavage by thrombin1543.8×0.022VWF
Defective VWF binding to collagen type I1543.8×0.022VWF
Enhanced cleavage of VWF variant by ADAMTS131407.9×0.022VWF
Defective VWF cleavage by ADAMTS13 variant1407.9×0.022VWF
Formation of the active cofactor, UDP-glucuronate1326.3×0.023UGDH
Enhanced binding of GP1BA variant to VWF multimer:collagen1233.1×0.024VWF
Defective binding of VWF variant to GPIb:IX:V1233.1×0.024VWF
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis, recycling, salvage and regulation1163.1×0.030DHFR
Endosomal/Vacuolar pathway1148.3×0.030HLA-B
GP1b-IX-V activation signalling1135.9×0.030VWF
p130Cas linkage to MAPK signaling for integrins1108.8×0.031VWF
GRB2:SOS provides linkage to MAPK signaling for Integrins1102.0×0.031VWF
Platelet Adhesion to exposed collagen196.0×0.031VWF
Metabolism of folate and pterines190.6×0.031DHFR
Amplification and propagation of coagulation cascade190.6×0.031VWF
DAP12 interactions168.0×0.033HLA-B
Initiation of coagulation cascade168.0×0.033VWF
Synthesis of very long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs165.3×0.033ACSF3
Fatty acyl-CoA biosynthesis162.8×0.033ACSF3
Platelet Aggregation (Plug Formation)162.8×0.033VWF
Integrin signaling160.4×0.033VWF
Downregulation of TGF-beta receptor signaling158.3×0.033PMEPA1
Antigen Presentation: Folding, assembly and peptide loading of class I MHC156.3×0.033HLA-B
G1/S-Specific Transcription151.0×0.035DHFR
Signaling by high-kinase activity BRAF mutants145.3×0.038VWF
MAP2K and MAPK activation140.8×0.038VWF
Signaling by RAF1 mutants139.8×0.038VWF
Interleukin-17 signaling136.2×0.038IL17RB
Signaling by moderate kinase activity BRAF mutants136.2×0.038VWF

GO biological processes by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 12 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

GO termCohort genesFoldFDRSample cohort genes
defense response354.0×0.001CD83, IL17RB, HLA-B
response to methotrexate11404.3×0.016DHFR
malonate catabolic process11404.3×0.016ACSF3
UDP-glucuronate biosynthetic process1702.2×0.018UGDH
establishment of protein localization to extracellular region1702.2×0.018LRRC32
dihydrofolate metabolic process1468.1×0.018DHFR
regulation of dendritic cell differentiation1468.1×0.018HLA-B
regulation of T cell anergy1351.1×0.018HLA-B
regulation of interleukin-12 production1351.1×0.018HLA-B
sensory perception of mechanical stimulus1351.1×0.018TMC7
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway229.0×0.018PMEPA1, LRRC32
protection from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity1234.1×0.018HLA-B
CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation1234.1×0.018CD83
positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation1234.1×0.018CD83
tetrahydrofolate biosynthetic process1234.1×0.018DHFR
regulation of removal of superoxide radicals1234.1×0.018DHFR
tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthetic process1200.6×0.018DHFR
negative regulation of interleukin-4 production1200.6×0.018CD83
tetrahydrofolate metabolic process1200.6×0.018DHFR
hemostasis1140.4×0.023VWF
regulation of interleukin-6 production1140.4×0.023HLA-B
detection of bacterium1117.0×0.023HLA-B
positive regulation of interleukin-5 production1117.0×0.023IL17RB
protein hexamerization1117.0×0.023UGDH
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib1108.0×0.023HLA-B
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-independent1108.0×0.023HLA-B
secondary palate development1100.3×0.023LRRC32
one-carbon metabolic process193.6×0.023DHFR
axon regeneration193.6×0.023DHFR
positive regulation of interleukin-13 production193.6×0.023IL17RB

Therapeutics

Drugs indicated or in trials for this disease

4 approved drugs — disease-direct ChEMBL indications, not inferred from the associated-gene cohort below.

DrugStatus
AcyclovirApproved (phase 4)
FamciclovirApproved (phase 4)
ValacyclovirApproved (phase 4)
Varicella Zoster Virus Envelope Glycoprotein EApproved (phase 4)

8 drugs in clinical trials for this disease (phase 2–3, investigational): efficacy not established — a trial record, not an indication.

DrugHighest phase
AmenamevirPhase 3
CapsaicinPhase 3
ElasomeranPhase 3
GabapentinPhase 3
Influenza Virus VaccinePhase 3
PregabalinPhase 3
CrisugabalinPhase 2
SorivudinePhase 2

Drug target analysis

Approved (phase 4): 1 · Phase ≥3: 1 · Phased (≥1): 1 · Undrugged: 13

Druggability breadth: 6 of 14 evidence-associated genes (43%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).

Genes with an approved drug

The molecule shown is one approved compound that hits the gene — not necessarily a drug of choice or one indicated for this disease.

SymbolExample approved molecule
DHFRTRIMETREXATE

Top cohort targets by molecule count

SymbolMoleculesMax phase
DHFR234
TOX300
UGDH00
VWF00
PMEPA100
CD8300
IL17RB00
GPR14100
TMC700
CYCSP500

Drugs targeting cohort genes (top 30)

MoleculeMax phaseTargets in cohort
TRIMETREXATE4DHFR
PRALATREXATE4DHFR
LEUCOVORIN4DHFR
TRIMETHOPRIM4DHFR
RALTITREXED4DHFR
PEMETREXED4DHFR
METHOTREXATE4DHFR
PYRIMETHAMINE4DHFR
SULFADIAZINE4DHFR
SULFACETAMIDE4DHFR
GENTAMICIN4DHFR
MEFENAMIC ACID4DHFR
DIFLUNISAL4DHFR
TERIFLUNOMIDE4DHFR
ICLAPRIM3DHFR
DIAVERIDINE2DHFR
EPIROPRIM2DHFR
EDATREXATE2DHFR
AMINOPTERIN2DHFR
BREQUINAR2DHFR
CYCLOGUANIL2DHFR
PIRITREXIM2DHFR
FANOTAPRIM1DHFR

Bioactivity and enzyme data

Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 2.

Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)

SymbolAssaysType breakdown
DHFR457Binding:426, ADMET:16, Functional:12, Toxicity:3
VWF17Binding:17
GPR1412Binding:2
UGDH1Binding:1
ACSF31Binding:1
HLA-B1Binding:1

Cohort enzymes (BRENDA EC)

SymbolEC numbersNames
UGDH1.1.1.22UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase
DHFR1.5.1.3dihydrofolate reductase

Cohort genes with high screening signal

≥100 ChEMBL assays — a studied-ness signal; see Therapeutics for approved-drug status.

SymbolChEMBL assays
DHFR457

Pharmacogenomics

Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 14; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 1.

Cohort genes with a CPIC/DPWG dosing guideline

SymbolCPIC guidelines
HLA-B1

Chemical tractability of cohort targets

23 approved/phased compounds have measured bioactivity against a cohort gene (and aren’t yet in disease-level trials). This is a research / tractability signal, NOT a therapeutic recommendation — a bioactivity row often reflects off-target or screening binding (e.g. promiscuous kinase inhibitors against a cohort kinase), implying no disease mechanism.

CompoundMax phaseCohort target (bioactivity)
TRIMETREXATE4DHFR
PRALATREXATE4DHFR
LEUCOVORIN4DHFR
TRIMETHOPRIM4DHFR
RALTITREXED4DHFR
PEMETREXED4DHFR
METHOTREXATE4DHFR
PYRIMETHAMINE4DHFR
SULFADIAZINE4DHFR
SULFACETAMIDE4DHFR
GENTAMICIN4DHFR
MEFENAMIC ACID4DHFR
DIFLUNISAL4DHFR
TERIFLUNOMIDE4DHFR
ICLAPRIM3DHFR
DIAVERIDINE2DHFR
EPIROPRIM2DHFR
EDATREXATE2DHFR
AMINOPTERIN2DHFR
BREQUINAR2DHFR
CYCLOGUANIL2DHFR
PIRITREXIM2DHFR
FANOTAPRIM1DHFR

Druggability pyramid

Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):

TierDefinitionGenesSymbols
AApproved (phase 4 drug)1DHFR
BPhased (≥1) drug, not yet approved0
CDruggable family + PDB, no drug3UGDH, CD83, HLA-B
DDruggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug1GPR141
EDifficult family or no structure, no drug9TOX3, VWF, PMEPA1, IL17RB, TMC7, CYCSP5, ACSF3, FAM110B, LRRC32

Undrugged target profiles

13 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).

SymbolChEMBL assaysDrugged partners (top 3)
TOX30—
UGDH1—
VWF17—
PMEPA10—
CD830—
IL17RB0—
GPR1412—
TMC70—
CYCSP50—
ACSF31—
FAM110B0—
LRRC320—
HLA-B1—

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 227.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

PhaseTrials
Not specified69
PHASE357
PHASE238
PHASE127
PHASE421
PHASE1/PHASE212
PHASE2/PHASE32
EARLY_PHASE11

Top trials by phase / activity

NCTPhaseStatusTitle
NCT04748939PHASE4NOT_YET_RECRUITINGShingrix in Patients With Rheumatic Diseases: a Double-blind Placebo-controlled RCT
NCT07099157PHASE4RECRUITINGEfficacy and Safety of Brivudine in the Treatment of Herpes Zoster
NCT07502560PHASE4RECRUITINGA Study to Evaluate the Effect of Recombinant Zoster Vaccine on New Diagnosis of Dementia in an Older Adult Population Aged 76 Years or Older in Finland
NCT00550745PHASE4COMPLETEDZOSTAVAX™ Safety Study in Subjects ≥ 60 Years of Age (V211-020)
NCT00681031PHASE4COMPLETEDZostavax® at Minimum Release Specification Approaching Expiry (V211-044)
NCT00885586PHASE4COMPLETEDAcupuncture in Herpes Zoster Neuralgia (ACUZoster)
NCT01556451PHASE4COMPLETEDZOSTAVAX™ Safety and Immunogenicity in Korean Adults (V211-034)
NCT01684072PHASE4COMPLETEDSafety and Immunogenicity Study of Live Attenuated Vaccine Against Varicella Without Gelatin
NCT01911065PHASE4COMPLETEDT Cell Responses to Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) Vaccine SLVP020
NCT02151240PHASE4COMPLETEDEfficacy and Safety of Foscarnet Sodium and Sodium Chloride Injection in Patients With Herpes Zoster
NCT02152800PHASE4COMPLETEDA Study of Vacyless® Versus Valtrex® in Patients With Herpes Zoster
NCT02444936PHASE4UNKNOWNZOSTAVAX in Persons Imminently Receiving Chemotherapy for Solid Organ Tumors
NCT02624375PHASE4COMPLETEDImmune Response to Shingles Vaccination
NCT02958345PHASE4COMPLETEDPlacebo Controlled Evaluation of the Cell Mediated Immune Response of Cirrhotic Subjects to Zostavax™
NCT03016884PHASE4UNKNOWNSafety and Tolerability of Herpes Zoster Vaccine Rheumatologic Patients
NCT03798691PHASE4COMPLETEDImmunogenicity of Herpes Zoster Subunit Vaccine in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Treated With Vedolizumab
NCT03809702PHASE4COMPLETEDEfficacy of Pregabalin for the Treatment of Acute Herpetic Neuralgia
NCT04169009PHASE4COMPLETEDPersistence of Protection by Shingrix
NCT04869982PHASE4COMPLETEDEfficacy, Immunogenicity and Safety Study of GSKs Recombinant Zoster Vaccine Shingrix (GSK1437173A) in Chinese Adults Aged ≥50 Years
NCT05596526PHASE4UNKNOWNImmunogenicity of the Recombinant Zoster Vaccine in Multiple Sclerosis Patients
NCT06985589PHASE4COMPLETEDEfficacy and Safety of Fire Needle Therapy Combined With Cortex Phellodendri Compound Fluid Wet Compress for Acute Herpes Zoster: a Randomized Controlled Trial.
NCT04128189PHASE3RECRUITINGShingrix in Renal Transplant Recipients
NCT05371080PHASE3ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITINGA Study on the Long-term Efficacy, Safety and Persistence of Immune Response of a Vaccine Against Herpes Zoster in Older Adults
NCT06088745PHASE3RECRUITINGA Phase Ⅲ Clinical Study to Evaluate Protective Efficacy and Safety of a Recombinant Herpes Zoster Vaccine
NCT06447779PHASE3ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITINGEfficacy, Safety and Immunogenicity Study of Recombinant Zoster Vaccine(CHO Cell) in Adults Aged 40 Years and Older
NCT06654700PHASE3NOT_YET_RECRUITINGPhase III Clinical Trial of Lot-to-lot Consistency of Recombinant Herpes Zoster Vaccine (CHO Cell).
NCT07293065PHASE3ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITINGA Phase III Clinical Trial to Evaluate Long-Term Protective Efficacy of Recombinant Zoster Vaccine (CHO Cell)
NCT00004390PHASE3COMPLETEDPhase III Randomized Controlled Study of Morphine and Nortriptyline in the Management of Postherpetic Neuralgia
NCT00007501PHASE3COMPLETEDShingles Prevention Study
NCT00061776PHASE2/PHASE3COMPLETEDNGX-4010 for the Treatment of Postherpetic Neuralgia
NCT00068081PHASE3COMPLETEDControlled Study of NGX-4010 for the Treatment of Postherpetic Neuralgia
NCT00098046PHASE3COMPLETEDFamciclovir Oral Pediatric Formulation in Children 1-12 Years of Age With Varicella Zoster Infection
NCT00115310PHASE3COMPLETEDStudy of NGX-4010 for the Treatment of Postherpetic Neuralgia
NCT00130793PHASE3COMPLETEDA Study to Evaluate Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of an Investigational Zoster Vaccine In Subjects With a History of Varicella (Chickenpox)(V211-010)(COMPLETED)
NCT00231816PHASE3COMPLETEDA Study of an Investigational Zoster Vaccine in Subjects With a History of Varicella (Chickenpox) Given Concomitantly With Another Vaccine (V211-011)
NCT00300222PHASE3COMPLETEDStudy of NGX-4010 for the Treatment of Postherpetic Neuralgia
NCT00322231PHASE3COMPLETEDA Study of an Investigational Zoster Vaccine, in Subjects With a History of Herpes Zoster (V211-014)
NCT00534248PHASE3COMPLETEDStudy to Evaluate the Safety and Effectiveness of Zostavax™ in Subjects 50 - 59 Years of Age (V211-022)
NCT00535730PHASE3COMPLETEDZOSTAVAX™ Administered Concomitantly With PNEUMOVAX™ 23 (V211-012)(COMPLETED)
NCT01165177PHASE3COMPLETEDStudy to Evaluate Efficacy, Safety and Immunogenicity of GSK Biologicals’ Herpes Zoster (HZ) Vaccine GSK1437173A in Adults Aged 50 Years and Older

Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)

MoleculeMax phaseTrials referencing
VARICELLA ZOSTER VIRUS ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN E432
VARICELLA ZOSTER VIRUS, LIVE ATTENUATED414
VALACYCLOVIR412
FAMCICLOVIR44
FOSCARNET44
ACYCLOVIR43
AMENAMEVIR43
CAPSAICIN43
DEXTROMETHORPHAN43
GABAPENTIN43
METHYLENE BLUE CATION43
DESIPRAMINE41
ELASOMERAN41
LACOSAMIDE41
LOXOPROFEN41
METHADONE41
NORTRIPTYLINE41
PREGABALIN41
VALNIVUDINE HYDROCHLORIDE33
CARISBAMATE31
ZUCAPSAICIN31
BRIVUDINE21
VALOMACICLOVIR21
ALUMINUM SULFATE-11

About this page

Generated deterministically by Sugi Atlas from primary biomedical databases via BioBTree. Every record on this page traces to a primary source.

Generated
Atlas version
v1.1.4
BioBTree
v2.0.2

Sources 72

This page pulls from 72 datasets indexed by BioBTree:

alphafoldantibodybgeebgee_evidencebindingdbbiogrid_interactionbrendabrenda_kineticscellosauruschembl_activitychembl_assaychembl_documentchembl_moleculechembl_targetcivic_evidenceclingen_dosageclinical_trialsclinvarctd_gene_interactiondbsnpdepmapdiamond_similaritydoidefoensemblentrezesm2_similarityfantom5_genefantom5_promotergenccgenerifgogtopdbgtopdb_interactiongwasgwas_studyhgncicd10cmintactinterpromedgenmeshmimmondomondochildmondoparentncitorphanetpatentpatent_compoundpdbpfampharmgkb_clinicalpharmgkb_genepharmgkb_guidelinepharmgkb_variantpubchempubchem_activitypubchem_assayreactomerefseqrhearnacentralsctidscxa_expressionscxa_gene_experimentsignorstring_interactiontranscriptufeatureumlsuniprot