Hyperbilirubinemia
diseaseOn this page
Summary
Hyperbilirubinemia (MONDO:0024288) is a disease with 10 cohort genes and 30 clinical trials. The dominant Reactome pathway is Glucuronidation (7 cohort genes). Top therapeutic interventions include glycerin, levocarnitine, and stannsoporfin.
At a glance
- Cohort genes: 10
- ClinVar variants: 19
- Clinical trials: 30
Clinical features
No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.
Identifiers
Disease identifiers
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Canonical name | hyperbilirubinemia |
| Mondo ID | MONDO:0024288 |
| MeSH | D006932 |
| SNOMED CT | 14783006 |
| UMLS | C0311468 |
| MedGen | 86321 |
| Is cancer (heuristic) | no |
Also known as: hyperbilirubinemia
Data availability: 19 ClinVar variants.
Disease family
An umbrella term covering 2 Mondo subtypes.
Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by developmental or physiological process › metabolic disease › bilirubin metabolism disease › hyperbilirubinemia
Related subtypes (1): inborn disorder of bilirubin metabolism
Subtypes (2): hereditary hyperbilirubinemia, neonatal jaundice due to ABO incompatibility
Genetics & variants
GWAS landscape
No GWAS associations recorded — common-variant (GWAS) studies don’t cover this disease (typical for Mendelian / rare diseases). See the curated gene cohort and Mendelian overlap below.
Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers
ClinVar germline variants
19 retrieved; paginated sample, class counts are floors:
9 uncertain significance, 3 pathogenic, 3 conflicting classifications of pathogenicity, 2 pathogenic/likely pathogenic, 2 conflicting classifications of pathogenicity; other
| ClinVar | Variant (HGVS) | Gene | Classification | Review |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1170 | NM_000505.4(F12):c.983C>G (p.Thr328Arg) | F12 | Pathogenic | criteria provided, single submitter |
| 160229 | NM_000463.3(UGT1A1):c.1084+1G>T | UGT1A | Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 12281 | NM_000463.3(UGT1A1):c.1456T>G (p.Tyr486Asp) | UGT1A10 | Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 212544 | NM_000463.3(UGT1A1):c.238_239insGTAC (p.Pro80fs) | UGT1A6 | Pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 212545 | NM_000463.3(UGT1A1):c.722_723del (p.Glu241fs) | UGT1A6 | Pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 160232 | NM_000463.3(UGT1A1):c.1413G>A (p.Ala471=) | UGT1A | Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity | criteria provided, conflicting classifications |
| 160234 | NM_000463.3(UGT1A1):c.141C>T (p.Ile47=) | UGT1A3 | Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity | criteria provided, conflicting classifications |
| 160239 | NM_000463.3(UGT1A1):c.674T>G (p.Val225Gly) | UGT1A3 | Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity; other | criteria provided, conflicting classifications |
| 160241 | NM_000463.3(UGT1A1):c.996+15T>C | UGT1A5 | Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity | criteria provided, conflicting classifications |
| 212543 | NM_000463.3(UGT1A1):c.1091C>T (p.Pro364Leu) | UGT1A9 | Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity; other | criteria provided, conflicting classifications |
| 4755463 | NM_032038.3(SPNS1):c.143_146dup (p.Ile50fs) | SPNS1 | Uncertain significance | criteria provided, single submitter |
| 4755464 | NM_032038.3(SPNS1):c.1247C>G (p.Ser416Cys) | SPNS1 | Uncertain significance | criteria provided, single submitter |
| 160233 | NM_000463.3(UGT1A1):c.141C>A (p.Ile47=) | UGT1A | Uncertain significance | criteria provided, single submitter |
| 160237 | NM_000463.3(UGT1A1):c.476T>C (p.Ile159Thr) | UGT1A | Uncertain significance | criteria provided, single submitter |
| 160236 | NM_000463.3(UGT1A1):c.322C>T (p.Arg108Cys) | UGT1A5 | Uncertain significance | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 160230 | NM_000463.3(UGT1A1):c.1231G>T (p.Val411Leu) | UGT1A6 | Uncertain significance | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 160240 | NM_000463.3(UGT1A1):c.748T>C (p.Ser250Pro) | UGT1A7 | Uncertain significance | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 160231 | NM_000463.3(UGT1A1):c.1354G>T (p.Val452Leu) | UGT1A8 | Uncertain significance | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 160238 | NM_000463.3(UGT1A1):c.479T>A (p.Val160Glu) | UGT1A8 | Uncertain significance | criteria provided, single submitter |
Genes & proteins
Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers
GenCC: 0 · Orphanet: 3 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0
Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)
| Gene | Orphanet ID | Rare disease |
|---|---|---|
| F12 | Orphanet:100054 | F12-related hereditary angioedema with normal C1Inh |
| F12 | Orphanet:330 | Congenital factor XII deficiency |
| F12 | Orphanet:617919 | F12-associated cold autoinflammatory syndrome |
Cohort genes → proteins
10 cohort genes, 9 distinct canonical proteins.
Evidence partition
| Subset | Genes |
|---|---|
| multi_evidence | 10 |
Cohort genes (full)
| Symbol | HGNC | Ensembl | UniProt | Name | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UGT1A | HGNC:12529 | UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A complex locus | clinvar | ||
| UGT1A10 | HGNC:12531 | ENSG00000242515 | Q9HAW8 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A10 | clinvar |
| UGT1A3 | HGNC:12535 | ENSG00000288702 | P35503 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A3 | clinvar |
| UGT1A5 | HGNC:12537 | ENSG00000288705 | P35504 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A5 | clinvar |
| UGT1A6 | HGNC:12538 | ENSG00000167165 | P19224 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A6 | clinvar |
| UGT1A7 | HGNC:12539 | ENSG00000244122 | Q9HAW7 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A7 | clinvar |
| UGT1A8 | HGNC:12540 | ENSG00000242366 | Q9HAW9 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A8 | clinvar |
| UGT1A9 | HGNC:12541 | ENSG00000241119 | O60656 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A9 | clinvar |
| SPNS1 | HGNC:30621 | ENSG00000169682 | Q9H2V7 | Protein spinster homolog 1 | clinvar |
| F12 | HGNC:3530 | ENSG00000131187 | P00748 | Coagulation factor XII | clinvar |
Cohort function summary
Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.
| Symbol | Protein name | Function (lead sentence) |
|---|---|---|
| UGT1A10 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A10 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) that catalyzes phase II biotransformation reactions in which lipophilic substrates are conjugated with glucuronic acid to increase the metabolite’s water solubility, thereby facilitating excretion into eit… |
| UGT1A3 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A3 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) that catalyzes phase II biotransformation reactions in which lipophilic substrates are conjugated with glucuronic acid to increase the metabolite’s water solubility, thereby facilitating excretion into eit… |
| UGT1A5 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A5 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) that catalyzes phase II biotransformation reactions in which lipophilic substrates are conjugated with glucuronic acid to increase the metabolite’s water solubility, thereby facilitating excretion into eit… |
| UGT1A6 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A6 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) that catalyzes phase II biotransformation reactions in which lipophilic substrates are conjugated with glucuronic acid to facilitate their inactivation and excretion from the body. |
| UGT1A7 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A7 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) that catalyzes phase II biotransformation reactions in which lipophilic substrates are conjugated with glucuronic acid to increase the metabolite’s water solubility, thereby facilitating excretion into eit… |
| UGT1A8 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A8 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) that catalyzes phase II biotransformation reactions in which lipophilic substrates are conjugated with glucuronic acid to increase the metabolite’s water solubility, thereby facilitating excretion into eit… |
| UGT1A9 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A9 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) that catalyzes phase II biotransformation reactions in which lipophilic substrates are conjugated with glucuronic acid to increase the metabolite’s water solubility, thereby facilitating excretion into eit… |
| SPNS1 | Protein spinster homolog 1 | Plays a critical role in the phospholipid salvage pathway from lysosomes to the cytosol. |
| F12 | Coagulation factor XII | Factor XII is a serum glycoprotein that participates in the initiation of blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, and the generation of bradykinin and angiotensin. |
Protein-family classification
Druggable: 9 · Difficult: 0 · Unknown: 1 · Druggable fraction: 0.9
Family distribution
Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.
| Family | Genes | Fold | FDR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Enzyme (other) | 7 | 8.4× | 1e-05 |
| Transporter | 1 | 7.8× | 0.243 |
| Protease | 1 | 3.7× | 0.323 |
| Other/Unknown | 1 | 0.2× | 1.000 |
Per-gene assignment
| Symbol | Family | Druggable? | EC | InterPro (top 3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| UGT1A | Other/Unknown | no | ||
| UGT1A10 | Enzyme (other) | yes | 2.4.1.17 | UDP_glucos_trans, UDP_glycos_trans_CS, UDP-glycosyltransferase |
| UGT1A3 | Enzyme (other) | yes | 2.4.1.17 | UDP_glucos_trans, UDP_glycos_trans_CS, UDP-glycosyltransferase |
| UGT1A5 | Enzyme (other) | yes | 2.4.1.17 | UDP_glucos_trans, UDP_glycos_trans_CS, UDP-glycosyltransferase |
| UGT1A6 | Enzyme (other) | yes | 2.4.1.17 | UDP_glucos_trans, UDP_glycos_trans_CS, UDP-glycosyltransferase |
| UGT1A7 | Enzyme (other) | yes | 2.4.1.17 | UDP_glucos_trans, UDP_glycos_trans_CS, UDP-glycosyltransferase |
| UGT1A8 | Enzyme (other) | yes | 2.4.1.17 | UDP_glucos_trans, UDP_glycos_trans_CS, UDP-glycosyltransferase |
| UGT1A9 | Enzyme (other) | yes | 2.4.1.17 | UDP_glucos_trans, UDP_glycos_trans_CS, UDP-glycosyltransferase |
| SPNS1 | Transporter | yes | MFS, MFS_dom, MFS_trans_sf | |
| F12 | Protease | yes | 3.4.21.38 | Kringle, Fibronectin_type1, FN_type2_dom |
Expression context
Cohort genes with no expression data: 2.
6 cohort genes are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.
Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)
| Bucket | Genes |
|---|---|
| narrow (1-5 tissues) | 0 |
| moderate (6-20) | 0 |
| broad (>20) | 7 |
| unknown | 3 |
Top tissues across cohort
| Tissue | Cohort genes |
|---|---|
| liver | 3 |
| right lobe of liver | 3 |
| mucosa of transverse colon | 2 |
| rectum | 2 |
| adult mammalian kidney | 2 |
| duodenum | 1 |
| esophagus mucosa | 1 |
| lower esophagus mucosa | 1 |
| male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis | 1 |
| gall bladder | 1 |
| granulocyte | 1 |
| monocyte | 1 |
| stromal cell of endometrium | 1 |
| gingival epithelium | 1 |
Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)
| Symbol | Bgee breadth | FANTOM5 breadth | SCXA | Top tissues |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| UGT1A | ||||
| UGT1A10 | 60 | tissue_specific | marker | mucosa of transverse colon, duodenum, rectum |
| UGT1A3 | ||||
| UGT1A5 | tissue_specific | |||
| UGT1A6 | 88 | broad | marker | liver, right lobe of liver, adult mammalian kidney |
| UGT1A7 | 68 | tissue_specific | marker | lower esophagus mucosa, esophagus mucosa, male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis |
| UGT1A8 | 44 | tissue_specific | marker | mucosa of transverse colon, rectum, gall bladder |
| UGT1A9 | 45 | tissue_specific | marker | adult mammalian kidney, right lobe of liver, liver |
| SPNS1 | 144 | ubiquitous | yes | granulocyte, stromal cell of endometrium, monocyte |
| F12 | 191 | broad | marker | right lobe of liver, liver, gingival epithelium |
Protein interactions among cohort
Intra-cohort edges: 5.
Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)
| Symbol | Interactor count |
|---|---|
| F12 | 3,850 |
| UGT1A6 | 1,415 |
| UGT1A10 | 1,373 |
| UGT1A7 | 1,312 |
| SPNS1 | 1,293 |
| UGT1A8 | 1,277 |
| UGT1A3 | 855 |
| UGT1A5 | 829 |
| UGT1A9 | 26 |
| UGT1A | 0 |
Intra-cohort edges
| A | B | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| UGT1A10 | UGT1A7 | biogrid_interaction, intact |
| UGT1A10 | UGT1A9 | biogrid_interaction, intact |
| UGT1A3 | UGT1A5 | biogrid_interaction, intact |
| UGT1A7 | UGT1A8 | biogrid_interaction, intact |
| UGT1A7 | UGT1A9 | biogrid_interaction, intact |
Structural data
PDB: 2 · AlphaFold-only: 7 · No structure: 1
Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)
| Symbol | UniProt | PDB entries |
|---|---|---|
| F12 | P00748 | 17 |
| SPNS1 | Q9H2V7 | 1 |
AlphaFold-only cohort genes (top 30 by pLDDT)
| Symbol | UniProt | pLDDT |
|---|---|---|
| UGT1A9 | O60656 | 92.26 |
| UGT1A10 | Q9HAW8 | 92.11 |
| UGT1A7 | Q9HAW7 | 91.76 |
| UGT1A3 | P35503 | 91.59 |
| UGT1A8 | Q9HAW9 | 91.56 |
| UGT1A5 | P35504 | 91.53 |
| UGT1A6 | P19224 | 91.50 |
Function
Pathway analysis
Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 13. Enrichment computed across 10 evidence-associated genes (8 with Reactome annotation).
Pathways by enrichment
Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 8 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.
| Pathway | Cohort genes | Fold | FDR | Sample cohort genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glucuronidation | 7 | 666.2× | 1e-19 | UGT1A10, UGT1A3, UGT1A5, UGT1A6, UGT1A7, UGT1A8, UGT1A9 |
| Aspirin ADME | 6 | 237.9× | 1e-13 | UGT1A3, UGT1A5, UGT1A6, UGT1A7, UGT1A8, UGT1A9 |
| Paracetamol ADME | 3 | 158.6× | 3e-06 | UGT1A10, UGT1A6, UGT1A9 |
| Aggregated β-amyloid induces FXII autocatalysis | 1 | 713.8× | 0.005 | F12 |
| Defective factor XII causes hereditary angioedema | 1 | 356.9× | 0.006 | F12 |
| Defective SERPING1 causes hereditary angioedema | 1 | 356.9× | 0.006 | F12 |
| NR1H2 & NR1H3 regulate gene expression to control bile acid homeostasis | 1 | 178.4× | 0.008 | UGT1A3 |
| Atorvastatin ADME | 1 | 178.4× | 0.008 | UGT1A3 |
| Prednisone ADME | 1 | 158.6× | 0.008 | UGT1A3 |
| Regulation of FXIIa and plasma kallikrein activity | 1 | 142.8× | 0.008 | F12 |
| FXIIa, PKa-dependent activation of coagulation pathway | 1 | 142.8× | 0.008 | F12 |
| FXIIa activates plasma kallikrein-kinin system | 1 | 21.6× | 0.049 | F12 |
| PPARA activates gene expression | 1 | 11.8× | 0.082 | UGT1A9 |
GO biological processes by enrichment
Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 9 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.
| GO term | Cohort genes | Fold | FDR | Sample cohort genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| flavone metabolic process | 4 | 7489.8× | 0e+00 | UGT1A10, UGT1A7, UGT1A8, UGT1A9 |
| toxin catabolic process | 2 | 3744.9× | 0e+00 | UGT1A10, UGT1A7 |
| negative regulation of fatty acid metabolic process | 6 | 2808.7× | 0e+00 | UGT1A10, UGT1A3, UGT1A6, UGT1A7, UGT1A8, UGT1A9 |
| flavonoid metabolic process | 4 | 936.2× | 2e-11 | UGT1A3, UGT1A7, UGT1A8, UGT1A9 |
| xenobiotic metabolic process | 6 | 99.4× | 4e-11 | UGT1A10, UGT1A3, UGT1A6, UGT1A7, UGT1A8, UGT1A9 |
| retinoic acid metabolic process | 4 | 356.7× | 1e-09 | UGT1A3, UGT1A7, UGT1A8, UGT1A9 |
| liver development | 4 | 98.5× | 2e-07 | UGT1A10, UGT1A7, UGT1A8, UGT1A9 |
| glucuronate metabolic process | 2 | 1872.4× | 1e-06 | UGT1A10, UGT1A6 |
| coumarin metabolic process | 2 | 624.1× | 1e-05 | UGT1A7, UGT1A8 |
| estrogen metabolic process | 2 | 138.7× | 3e-04 | UGT1A3, UGT1A7 |
| xenobiotic catabolic process | 2 | 124.8× | 3e-04 | UGT1A10, UGT1A7 |
| steroid metabolic process | 2 | 74.9× | 8e-04 | UGT1A5, UGT1A8 |
| plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade | 1 | 936.2× | 0.002 | F12 |
| negative regulation of steroid metabolic process | 1 | 936.2× | 0.002 | UGT1A8 |
| vitamin D3 metabolic process | 1 | 936.2× | 0.002 | UGT1A3 |
| fatty acid metabolic process | 2 | 43.0× | 0.002 | UGT1A7, UGT1A8 |
| Factor XII activation | 1 | 624.1× | 0.003 | F12 |
| response to misfolded protein | 1 | 624.1× | 0.003 | F12 |
| bile acid secretion | 1 | 374.5× | 0.004 | UGT1A3 |
| positive regulation of fibrinolysis | 1 | 374.5× | 0.004 | F12 |
| lysophospholipid transport | 1 | 374.5× | 0.004 | SPNS1 |
| blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway | 1 | 234.1× | 0.006 | F12 |
| obsolete regulation of lysosomal lumen pH | 1 | 234.1× | 0.006 | SPNS1 |
| positive regulation of plasminogen activation | 1 | 208.1× | 0.007 | F12 |
| positive regulation of blood coagulation | 1 | 124.8× | 0.010 | F12 |
| phospholipid efflux | 1 | 124.8× | 0.010 | SPNS1 |
| fibrinolysis | 1 | 93.6× | 0.013 | F12 |
| zymogen activation | 1 | 74.9× | 0.016 | F12 |
| protein autoprocessing | 1 | 72.0× | 0.016 | F12 |
| blood coagulation | 1 | 19.3× | 0.055 | F12 |
Therapeutics
Drug target analysis
Approved (phase 4): 4 · Phase ≥3: 5 · Phased (≥1): 5 · Undrugged: 5
Druggability breadth: 8 of 10 evidence-associated genes (80%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).
Genes with an approved drug
The molecule shown is one approved compound that hits the gene — not necessarily a drug of choice or one indicated for this disease.
| Symbol | Example approved molecule |
|---|---|
| UGT1A10 | DICLOFENAC |
| UGT1A6 | DICLOFENAC |
| UGT1A7 | DICLOFENAC |
| UGT1A9 | DICLOFENAC |
Top cohort targets by molecule count
| Symbol | Molecules | Max phase |
|---|---|---|
| F12 | 3 | 3 |
| UGT1A10 | 2 | 4 |
| UGT1A6 | 2 | 4 |
| UGT1A7 | 2 | 4 |
| UGT1A9 | 1 | 4 |
| UGT1A | 0 | 0 |
| UGT1A3 | 0 | 0 |
| UGT1A5 | 0 | 0 |
| UGT1A8 | 0 | 0 |
| SPNS1 | 0 | 0 |
Drugs targeting cohort genes (top 30)
| Molecule | Max phase | Targets in cohort |
|---|---|---|
| DICLOFENAC | 4 | UGT1A10, UGT1A6, UGT1A7, UGT1A9 |
| TROGLITAZONE | 4 | UGT1A6 |
| PROBENECID | 4 | UGT1A7 |
| NAFAMOSTAT | 3 | F12 |
| GABEXATE | 3 | F12 |
| EPIESTRIOL | 2 | UGT1A10 |
| SEPIMOSTAT | 2 | F12 |
Bioactivity and enzyme data
Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 8.
Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)
| Symbol | Assays | Type breakdown |
|---|---|---|
| UGT1A9 | 153 | ADMET:149, Binding:4 |
| UGT1A3 | 131 | ADMET:129, Binding:2 |
| F12 | 128 | Binding:123, Functional:3, ADMET:2 |
| UGT1A10 | 101 | ADMET:99, Binding:2 |
| UGT1A8 | 87 | ADMET:86, Binding:1 |
| UGT1A6 | 76 | ADMET:71, Binding:5 |
| UGT1A7 | 76 | ADMET:74, Binding:2 |
| UGT1A5 | 35 | ADMET:35 |
Cohort enzymes (BRENDA EC)
| Symbol | EC numbers | Names |
|---|---|---|
| UGT1A10 | 2.4.1.17 | glucuronosyltransferase |
| UGT1A3 | 2.4.1.17 | glucuronosyltransferase |
| UGT1A5 | 2.4.1.17 | glucuronosyltransferase |
| UGT1A6 | 2.4.1.17 | glucuronosyltransferase |
| UGT1A7 | 2.4.1.17 | glucuronosyltransferase |
| UGT1A8 | 2.4.1.17 | glucuronosyltransferase |
| UGT1A9 | 2.4.1.17 | glucuronosyltransferase |
| F12 | 3.4.21.38 | coagulation factor XIIa |
Cohort genes with high screening signal
≥100 ChEMBL assays — a studied-ness signal; see Therapeutics for approved-drug status.
| Symbol | ChEMBL assays |
|---|---|
| UGT1A10 | 101 |
| UGT1A3 | 131 |
| UGT1A9 | 153 |
| F12 | 128 |
Pharmacogenomics
Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 10; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.
No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).
Chemical tractability of cohort targets
7 approved/phased compounds have measured bioactivity against a cohort gene (and aren’t yet in disease-level trials). This is a research / tractability signal, NOT a therapeutic recommendation — a bioactivity row often reflects off-target or screening binding (e.g. promiscuous kinase inhibitors against a cohort kinase), implying no disease mechanism.
| Compound | Max phase | Cohort target (bioactivity) |
|---|---|---|
| DICLOFENAC | 4 | UGT1A10, UGT1A6, UGT1A7, UGT1A9 |
| TROGLITAZONE | 4 | UGT1A6 |
| PROBENECID | 4 | UGT1A7 |
| NAFAMOSTAT | 3 | F12 |
| GABEXATE | 3 | F12 |
| EPIESTRIOL | 2 | UGT1A10 |
| SEPIMOSTAT | 2 | F12 |
Druggability pyramid
Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):
| Tier | Definition | Genes | Symbols |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | Approved (phase 4 drug) | 4 | UGT1A10, UGT1A6, UGT1A7, UGT1A9 |
| B | Phased (≥1) drug, not yet approved | 1 | F12 |
| C | Druggable family + PDB, no drug | 1 | SPNS1 |
| D | Druggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug | 3 | UGT1A3, UGT1A5, UGT1A8 |
| E | Difficult family or no structure, no drug | 1 | UGT1A |
Undrugged target profiles
5 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).
| Symbol | ChEMBL assays | Drugged partners (top 3) |
|---|---|---|
| UGT1A3 | 131 | — |
| UGT1A | 0 | — |
| UGT1A5 | 35 | — |
| UGT1A8 | 87 | — |
| SPNS1 | 0 | — |
Clinical trials & evidence
Clinical trials
Clinical trials: 30.
Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| Not specified | 22 |
| PHASE2 | 4 |
| PHASE3 | 2 |
| PHASE4 | 1 |
| EARLY_PHASE1 | 1 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT00288600 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Efficacy of High-dose Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy for Hyperbilirubinemia Due Rh Hemolytic Disease |
| NCT00360204 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Improving Health Outcomes for New Mothers and Babies |
| NCT00653874 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Transcutaneous Bilirubinometry in Healthy Term and Near-Term Neonates |
| NCT00004381 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Phase II Randomized Study of Tin Mesoporphyrin for Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia |
| NCT00004382 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Phase II Study of Tin Mesoporphyrin vs Phototherapy for Hyperbilirubinemia in Premature Newborns |
| NCT00115544 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Safety and Pharmacology of Stanate |
| NCT03564678 | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | Levocarnitine and Vitamin B Complex in Treating PEG-Asparaginase or Inotuzumab Ozogamicin-Induced Hyperbilirubinemia in Patients With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia |
| NCT01550627 | EARLY_PHASE1 | COMPLETED | Effect of Intravenous Fluid Supplementation on Serum Bilirubin and Cardiorespiratory Parameters in Preterm Infants During Phototherapy |
| NCT06421844 | Not specified | RECRUITING | A Prospective Study: Smart Phone Application for Measure Serum Bilirubin Through Sclera Images |
| NCT07409194 | Not specified | ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION | The Effect of Acupressure on Hyperbilirubinemia in Newborns: A Randomized Controlled Trial |
| NCT00076960 | Not specified | NO_LONGER_AVAILABLE | Compassionate Use of Stanate (TM) [Stannsoporfin] |
| NCT00383318 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Demographic, Metabolic, and Genomic Description of Neonates With Severe Hyperbilirubinemia |
| NCT00635375 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Comparative Study of Phototherapy for Hyperbilirubinemia |
| NCT00741117 | Not specified | TERMINATED | Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemia and Pulse Oximetry |
| NCT01136577 | Not specified | TERMINATED | Light-emitting Diodes (LED) Phototherapy for Hyperbilirubinemia of Term Newborn |
| NCT01622699 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Implementation of a Transcutaneous Bilirubinometer |
| NCT01746511 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Glycerin Suppositories to Reduce Jaundice in Premature Infants |
| NCT01944696 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | Cycled Phototherapy: A Safer Effective Treatment for Small Premature Infants? |
| NCT02446951 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Implementation of a Clinical Decision Rule for Treatment of Neonatal Jaundice in the Emergency Department |
| NCT02612207 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Point-of-Care System for Determination of Bilirubin Capacity in Neonates |
| NCT02613676 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Transcutaneous Screening for Risk of Severe Hyperbilirubinemia in South African Newborns |
| NCT02685189 | Not specified | TERMINATED | Long-Term Clinical Follow-Up of Children Enrolled in Stannsoporfin Clinical Trial Protocol No. 64,185-06-2(W) |
| NCT02691156 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Bilirubin Binding Capacity to Assess Bilirubin Load in Preterm Infants |
| NCT02712138 | Not specified | WITHDRAWN | Biomarker for Gilbert Disease (BioGilbert) |
| NCT02774434 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Efficacy Study of the Draeger Jaundice Meter (JM-105) in Neonates of ≥ 24 Weeks of Gestational Age |
| NCT02805296 | Not specified | COMPLETED | High Intensity Phototherapy: Double vs. Single |
| NCT03195998 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Validity of Transcutaneous Bilirubin Monitoring in Preterm Infants |
| NCT04271098 | Not specified | COMPLETED | The Investigation of the Causes of Hepatic Dysfunction in the Postoperative Period During Open-heart Surgeries |
| NCT04897113 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | Study of Efficacy and Safety of the Plasmapheresis Method With Albumin Compensation Compared With the Plasmapheresis Method Without Albumin Compensation for Aging Biomarkers Correction in Men and Women Aged 40 to 55 Years Old |
| NCT07098234 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Effect of Vitamin-D as an Adjuvant to Phototherapy in Reduction of Indirect Serum Bilirubin |
Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)
| Molecule | Max phase | Trials referencing |
|---|---|---|
| GLYCERIN | 4 | 1 |
| LEVOCARNITINE | 4 | 1 |
| STANNSOPORFIN | 3 | 3 |
| CARNITINE | 3 | 1 |
| VITAMIN B COMPLEX | 3 | 1 |
| DEXTROCARNITINE | 0 | 1 |
Related Atlas pages
- Cohort genes: UGT1A, SPNS1, F12
- Drugs: Glycerin, Levocarnitine, Stannsoporfin, Vitamin B Complex