Hypertension, pregnancy-induced
disease diseaseOn this page
Also known as gestational hypertensionhypertension associated disorders of pregnancyhypertension, gestationalhypertension, pregnancy inducedhypertension, pregnancy transienthypertension-associated pregnancy disorderhypertensions, pregnancy inducedinduced hypertension, pregnancyinduced Hypertensions, pregnancypregnancy induced hypertensionpregnancy transient hypertensionpregnancy-induced hypertensiontransient hypertension, pregnancy
Summary
Hypertension, pregnancy-induced (MONDO:0024664) is a disease with 19 GWAS associations across 8 studies and 149 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include enalapril, labetalol, and furosemide. A subtype of hypertensive disorder — broader associated-gene and molecular evidence is on the parent page (see Disease family below).
At a glance
- GWAS associations: 19
- Clinical trials: 149
Clinical features
No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.
Identifiers
Disease identifiers
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Canonical name | hypertension, pregnancy-induced |
| Mondo ID | MONDO:0024664 |
| MeSH | D046110 |
| NCIT | C9243 |
| SNOMED CT | 48194001 |
| UMLS | C0852036 |
| MedGen | 852894 |
| Is cancer (heuristic) | no |
Also known as: gestational hypertension · hypertension associated disorders of pregnancy · hypertension, gestational · hypertension, pregnancy induced · hypertension, pregnancy transient · hypertension-associated pregnancy disorder · hypertensions, pregnancy induced · induced hypertension, pregnancy · induced Hypertensions, pregnancy · pregnancy induced hypertension · pregnancy transient hypertension · pregnancy-induced hypertension · transient hypertension, pregnancy
Data availability: 19 GWAS associations (8 studies).
Disease family
This is a subtype of hypertensive disorder. Genetic, therapeutic, and trial evidence is largely curated at the broader-term level — see the parent page for the associated-gene cohort and molecular evidence.
Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › cardiovascular disorder › vascular disorder › arterial disorder › hypertensive disorder › hypertension, pregnancy-induced
Related subtypes (11): essential hypertension, secondary hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, early onset hypertension, chemotherapy-induced hypertension, intracranial hypertension, malignant hypertension, ocular hypertension, kallikrein hypertension, resistant hypertension, hypertensive urgency
Subtypes (1): toxemia of pregnancy
Genetics & variants
GWAS landscape
19 GWAS associations across 8 studies. Top hits map to 12 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).
Top associations by p-value
| rsID | p-value | Gene | Risk allele | Odds ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs16998073 | 6e-19 | PRDM8 - FGF5 | T | 1.14 |
| rs117928258 | 3e-14 | TNS2 | T | 1.45 |
| rs10882398 | 2e-13 | PLCE1 | A | 1.11 |
| rs167479 | 7e-13 | RGL3 | T | 0.9 |
| rs201454025 | 8e-13 | ZNF831 | G | 1.14 |
| rs12656497 | 3e-12 | NPR3 - LINC02120 | C | 1.1 |
| rs13306561 | 7e-12 | MTHFR | G | 0.88 |
| rs113935429 | 1e-10 | FTO | A | 1.1 |
| rs6224 | 2e-10 | FURIN | T | 1.09 |
| rs35954793 | 6e-09 | FGF5 | ? | |
| rs979971 | 9e-09 | ACTN4 | T | 0.92 |
| rs1918969 | 1e-08 | MECOM | C | 0.93 |
| rs2208589 | 2e-08 | PREX1 | G | 1.12 |
| rs10843404 | 3e-08 | DDX12B - LINC02367 | C | 1.08 |
| rs6489692 | 1e-07 | VWF | ? | |
| rs259983 | 9e-07 | ZNF831 | ? |
Top studies (by case count)
| Study | Lead author | Year | Cases | Controls | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GCST90269904 | Tyrmi JS | 2023 | 15,200 | 115,007 | Genetic Risk Factors Associated With Preeclampsia and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy. |
| GCST90245819 | Changalidis AI | 2022 | 10,097 | 331,138 | Aggregation of Genome-Wide Association Data from FinnGen and UK Biobank Replicates Multiple Risk Loci for Pregnancy Complications. |
| GCST90270942 | Tyrmi JS | 2023 | 946 | 0 | Genetic Risk Factors Associated With Preeclampsia and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy. |
| GCST90727180 | Kim HI | 2026 | 931 | 43,095 | Exome sequencing and analysis of 44,028 British South Asians enriched for high autozygosity. |
| GCST90270944 | Tyrmi JS | 2023 | 697 | 0 | Genetic Risk Factors Associated With Preeclampsia and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy. |
| GCST90651868 | Liu TY | 2025 | 638 | 129,039 | Diversity and longitudinal records: Genetic architecture of disease associations and polygenic risk in the Taiwanese Han population. |
| GCST90080708 | Backman JD | 2021 | 501 | 211,311 | Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90084694 | Backman JD | 2021 | 501 | 211,311 | Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants. |
Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers
Tier distribution (top 50 variants)
| Tier | Variants |
|---|---|
| Tier 1: coding | 1 |
| Tier 2: splice/UTR | 2 |
| Tier 3: regulatory | 0 |
| Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | 13 |
MAF distribution
| Bucket | Variants |
|---|---|
| common (>=0.05) | 15 |
| low_freq (0.01-0.05) | 1 |
| rare (<0.01) | 0 |
| unknown | 0 |
Functional consequences
| Consequence | Count |
|---|---|
| intron_variant | 8 |
| intergenic_variant | 3 |
| 5_prime_UTR_variant | 2 |
| synonymous_variant | 1 |
| missense_variant | 1 |
| non_coding_transcript_exon_variant | 1 |
Top variants
| rsID | Chr | Pos | Alleles | MAF | Consequence | Gene | p-value | Tier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs16998073 | 4 | 80263187 | A>C,G,T | 0.33 | intergenic_variant | PRDM8 - FGF5 | 6e-19 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs117928258 | 12 | 53063801 | C>T | 0.02 | synonymous_variant | TNS2 | 3e-14 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs10882398 | 10 | 94133031 | T>A,G | 0.41 | intron_variant | PLCE1 | 2e-13 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs167479 | 19 | 11416089 | T>A,C,G | 0.44 | missense_variant | RGL3 | 7e-13 | Tier 1: coding |
| rs201454025 | 20 | 59182706 | GTGTT>G | 0.17 | intron_variant | ZNF831 | 8e-13 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs12656497 | 5 | 32831833 | T>A,C,G | 0.42 | intergenic_variant | NPR3 - LINC02120 | 3e-12 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs13306561 | 1 | 11805747 | A>G | 0.14 | 5_prime_UTR_variant | MTHFR | 7e-12 | Tier 2: splice/UTR |
| rs113935429 | 16 | 53788258 | ATT>A,AT | 0.38 | intron_variant | FTO | 1e-10 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs6224 | 15 | 90880313 | G>C,T | 0.42 | intron_variant | FURIN | 2e-10 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs35954793 | 4 | 80267359 | C>A,T | 0.05 | non_coding_transcript_exon_variant | FGF5 | 6e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs979971 | 19 | 38653604 | C>G,T | 0.47 | intron_variant | ACTN4 | 9e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs1918969 | 3 | 169422102 | T>A,C,G | 0.47 | intron_variant | MECOM | 1e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs2208589 | 20 | 48791877 | A>G | 0.13 | intron_variant | PREX1 | 2e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs10843404 | 12 | 9318619 | G>A,C,T | 0.47 | intergenic_variant | DDX12B - LINC02367 | 3e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs6489692 | 12 | 6108752 | G>A,C,T | 0.05 | intron_variant | VWF | 1e-07 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs259983 | 20 | 59160402 | A>C | 0.05 | 5_prime_UTR_variant | ZNF831 | 9e-07 | Tier 2: splice/UTR |
Genes & proteins
No associated-gene cohort resolved for this disease. Atlas builds the molecular and therapeutic sections — associated genes, protein families, druggability, pathways, interactions, and drug associations — by aggregating over a disease’s associated genes (resolved via GWAS / GenCC / ClinVar / CIViC), and none resolved here. This is expected for antibody-mediated, autoimmune, or otherwise non-gene-defined conditions; the curated evidence for this disease is its clinical features, GWAS susceptibility, and clinical trials (above).
Function
No pathway enrichment — requires an associated-gene cohort.
Therapeutics
Drugs indicated or in trials for this disease
No drug has an approved disease-direct ChEMBL indication for this disease.
1 drug in clinical trials for this disease (phase 2–3, investigational): efficacy not established — a trial record, not an indication.
| Drug | Highest phase |
|---|---|
| Furosemide | Phase 2 |
Clinical trials & evidence
Clinical trials
Clinical trials: 149.
Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| Not specified | 119 |
| PHASE4 | 15 |
| PHASE3 | 7 |
| PHASE2 | 4 |
| PHASE1 | 3 |
| PHASE2/PHASE3 | 1 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT06281665 | PHASE4 | RECRUITING | Treatment With Aspirin After Preeclampsia: TAP Trial |
| NCT06468202 | PHASE4 | RECRUITING | Effectiveness of Two Aspirin Doses for Prevention of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: ASPIRIN TRIAL |
| NCT06632379 | PHASE4 | RECRUITING | AtorvaStatin Postpartum and Reduction of Cardiovascular risK |
| NCT06785116 | PHASE4 | RECRUITING | A Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial of DAPAgliflozin (DAPA) for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in the Postpartum Period of Hypertensive Pregnancies (HP) |
| NCT07361679 | PHASE4 | RECRUITING | LDA and LMWH vs LDA Alone in High-risk Patients for Preeclampsia Prevention |
| NCT07373756 | PHASE4 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Randomized Controlled Study to Compare Efficacy of Aspirin 75mg and 150mg In the Prevention of Preeclampsia In High Risk Pregnant Women |
| NCT00567957 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Remifentanil for General Anesthesia in Preeclamptics |
| NCT02338687 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Low Dose Calcium to Prevent Preeclampsia |
| NCT02531490 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Early Vascular Adjustments During Hypertensive Pregnancy |
| NCT02891174 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | The Effect of Ibuprofen on Post-partum Blood Pressure in Women With Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy |
| NCT02920593 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | A Randomized Control Trial of Vitamin D Prophylaxis in the Prevention of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy |
| NCT03824119 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Postpartum NSAIDS and Maternal Hypertension |
| NCT04236258 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Comparing Nifedipine and Enalapril in Medical Resources Used in the Postpartum Period |
| NCT04343235 | PHASE4 | TERMINATED | Postpartum Management of Gestational Hypertensive Disorders Using Furosemide |
| NCT06069102 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Optimal Blood Pressure Treatment Thresholds Postpartum |
| NCT05460416 | PHASE3 | RECRUITING | Treatment Preventive for Pre-eclampsia by Acetylsalicylic Acid in Women Who Underwent Frozen Embryo Transfer |
| NCT07222852 | PHASE3 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Cardiovascular Protection After Preeclampsia With Enalapril |
| NCT00293735 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | WITHDRAWN | Labetalol Versus Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4) for the Prevention of Eclampsia Trial |
| NCT01538875 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Hydralazine Versus Labetalol for the Management of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy |
| NCT02007837 | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Prospects for the Prevention of Pregnancy-induced Hypertension and Preeclampsia Trial |
| NCT03298802 | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Postpartum Management of Hypertension in Pregnancy With Hydrochlorothiazide |
| NCT04615624 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Furosemide vs. Placebo for Severe Antepartum Hypertension |
| NCT04752475 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Lasix for the Prevention of De Novo Postpartum Hypertension |
| NCT07041281 | PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Spironolactone to Improve Pregnancy-Associated Hypertension Trajectories |
| NCT02050529 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Randomized Controlled Trial of Labetalol Versus Hydralazine for Severe Hypertension in Obstetric Patients. |
| NCT03556761 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Furosemide for Accelerated Recovery of Blood Pressure Postpartum |
| NCT05955040 | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | Treatment of Elevated Blood Pressures in Early Pregnancy |
| NCT01395342 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | Assessment of Physical Exercise Using Stationary Bicycle for Pregnant Women With Risk for Preeclampsia Development |
| NCT02213094 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | Phase I Study of Nicotinamide for Early Onset Preeclampsia |
| NCT04979793 | PHASE1 | SUSPENDED | Role of L-citrulline in Prevention of Pregnancy Associated Hypertension |
| NCT03700034 | Not specified | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | mHealth Integrated Model of Hypertension, Diabetes and Antenatal Care in India and Nepal |
| NCT04012151 | Not specified | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Arm and Finger Measurement for Blood Pressure Surveillance |
| NCT04273854 | Not specified | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Physician Optimised Post-partum Hypertension Treatment Trial |
| NCT04286217 | Not specified | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | SD-OCT Measurement of the Human Retina in Pregnancy With Pre-existing or De Novo Hypertension and Without Hypertension |
| NCT04520048 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Vascular Biomarkers Predictive of the Progression From Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy to Preeclampsia in Pregnant Women |
| NCT05009433 | Not specified | RECRUITING | HIIT vs MICT During Pregnancy and Health and Birth Outcomes in Mothers and Children |
| NCT05434195 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Clinical Antenatal Randomised Study to CharactErise Key Roles of TetrahydroFOLate in HyperTensive Pregnancies |
| NCT05655936 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Eliminating Severe Maternal Morbidity With Heart Health Doulas Trial |
| NCT05676476 | Not specified | RECRUITING | The ACHIEVE Trial: Achieving Longer Gestation in Preeclampsia Via Antihypertensive Therapy. |
| NCT05826925 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Optimizing Cardiovascular Preventive Care for Women Following Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy |
Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)
| Molecule | Max phase | Trials referencing |
|---|---|---|
| ENALAPRIL | 4 | 6 |
| LABETALOL | 4 | 5 |
| FUROSEMIDE | 4 | 3 |
| HYDRALAZINE | 4 | 2 |
| METHYLDOPA | 4 | 2 |
| NIFEDIPINE | 4 | 2 |
| CALCIUM | 4 | 1 |
| IBUPROFEN | 4 | 1 |
| IRBESARTAN | 4 | 1 |
| LEVOMEFOLIC ACID | 4 | 1 |
| NIACINAMIDE | 4 | 1 |
| REMIFENTANIL | 4 | 1 |
| SODIUM CHLORIDE | 4 | 1 |
| L-CITRULLINE | 3 | 1 |
| TINZAPARIN | 3 | 1 |
| METHYLDOPA (RACEMIC) | 1 | 2 |
| CHEMBL1201214 | 0 | 2 |
| CHEMBL5072826 | 0 | 1 |