Hypertrichosis

disease
On this page

Also known as hypertrichosis (disease)

Summary

Hypertrichosis (MONDO:0019280) is a disease (an umbrella term covering 11 Mondo subtypes) caused by FGF5 (GenCC Strong), with 7 cohort genes and 11 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include bimatoprost.

At a glance

  • Causal gene: FGF5 (GenCC Strong)
  • Umbrella term: 11 Mondo subtypes
  • Cohort genes: 7
  • ClinVar variants: 9
  • Clinical trials: 11

Clinical features

No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

FieldValue
Canonical namehypertrichosis
Mondo IDMONDO:0019280
MeSHD006983
Orphanet79365
DOIDDOID:420
ICD-112042627850
SNOMED CT29966009
UMLSC0020555
MedGen43787
MedDRA10020864
Is cancer (heuristic)no

Also known as: hypertrichosis · hypertrichosis (disease)

Data availability: 9 ClinVar variants · 1 GenCC gene-disease record · 1 HPO phenotype.

Disease family

An umbrella term covering 11 Mondo subtypes.

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › integumentary system disorder › disorder of pilosebaceous unithypertrichosis

Related subtypes (8): piedra, hypotrichosis, hair follicle neoplasm, folliculitis, sebaceous gland disorder, hair anomaly, Katsantoni-Papadakou-Lagoyanni syndrome, trichostasis spinulosa

Subtypes (11): hypertrichosis of eyelid, gingival fibromatosis-hypertrichosis syndrome, hypertrichosis cubiti-short stature syndrome, cataract-hypertrichosis-intellectual disability syndrome, cervical hypertrichosis-peripheral neuropathy syndrome, Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome, isolated anterior cervical hypertrichosis, acquired hypertrichosis lanuginosa, hypertrichosis lanuginosa congenita, autosomal dominant preaxial polydactyly-upperback hypertrichosis syndrome, hypertrichosis-acromegaloid facial appearance syndrome

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

No GWAS associations recorded — common-variant (GWAS) studies don’t cover this disease (typical for Mendelian / rare diseases). See the curated gene cohort and Mendelian overlap below.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

ClinVar germline variants

9 retrieved; paginated sample, class counts are floors:

5 pathogenic, 2 likely pathogenic, 1 pathogenic/likely pathogenic, 1 uncertain significance

ClinVarVariant (HGVS)GeneClassificationReview
374179NM_001374828.1(ARID1B):c.1861C>T (p.Gln621Ter)ARID1BPathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
30986NM_015338.6(ASXL1):c.1210C>T (p.Arg404Ter)ASXL1Pathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
1047867GRCh37/hg19 16p13.3(chr16:3784414-3821324)CREBBPPathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
1564NM_000263.4(NAGLU):c.507_516del (p.Ser169fs)NAGLUPathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
371634NM_000263.4(NAGLU):c.419A>G (p.Tyr140Cys)NAGLUPathogenic/Likely pathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
996741NM_012233.3(RAB3GAP1):c.151-5T>GRAB3GAP1Pathogenicno assertion criteria provided
374133NM_001374828.1(ARID1B):c.3814del (p.Leu1272fs)ARID1BLikely pathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
373928NM_000525.4(KCNJ11):c.185C>G (p.Thr62Arg)KCNJ11Likely pathogenicno assertion criteria provided
523303GRCh37/hg19 6q25.3(chr6:156772218-157870875)x3ARID1BUncertain significancecriteria provided, single submitter

Genes & proteins

Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers

GenCC: 3 · Orphanet: 24 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0

GenCC gene–disease validity (cohort genes)

the Disease column is the GenCC-asserted condition — a cohort gene’s strongest validity may be for a related predisposition syndrome.

GeneClassificationInheritanceDiseaseRecords
FGF5StrongAutosomal recessivehypertrichosis3

Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)

GeneOrphanet IDRare disease
FGF5Orphanet:411788Familial isolated trichomegaly
RAB3GAP1Orphanet:1387Cataract-intellectual disability-hypogonadism syndrome
RAB3GAP1Orphanet:2510Micro syndrome
ARID1BOrphanet:1465Coffin-Siris syndrome
ARID1BOrphanet:2510566q25.2q25.3 microdeletion syndrome
ASXL1Orphanet:86845Acute myeloid leukaemia with myelodysplasia-related features
ASXL1Orphanet:97297Bohring-Opitz syndrome
ASXL1Orphanet:98823Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
ASXL1Orphanet:98849Systemic mastocytosis with associated hematologic neoplasm
ASXL1Orphanet:98850Aggressive systemic mastocytosis
CREBBPOrphanet:353277Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome due to CREBBP mutations
CREBBPOrphanet:353281Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome due to 16p13.3 microdeletion
CREBBPOrphanet:370026Acute myeloid leukemia with t(8;16)(p11;p13) translocation
CREBBPOrphanet:592574Menke-Hennekam syndrome
KCNJ11Orphanet:276580Autosomal dominant hyperinsulinism due to Kir6.2 deficiency
KCNJ11Orphanet:276603Diazoxide-resistant focal hyperinsulinism due to Kir6.2 deficiency
KCNJ11Orphanet:552MODY
KCNJ11Orphanet:79134DEND syndrome
KCNJ11Orphanet:79644Autosomal recessive hyperinsulinism due to Kir6.2 deficiency
KCNJ11Orphanet:99885Isolated permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus
KCNJ11Orphanet:99886Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus
KCNJ11Orphanet:99989Intermediate DEND syndrome
NAGLUOrphanet:447964Autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2V
NAGLUOrphanet:79270Sanfilippo syndrome type B

Cohort genes → proteins

7 cohort genes, 7 distinct canonical proteins.

Evidence partition

SubsetGenes
multi_evidence7

Cohort genes (full)

SymbolHGNCEnsemblUniProtNameEvidence
FGF5HGNC:3683ENSG00000138675P12034Fibroblast growth factor 5gencc
RAB3GAP1HGNC:17063ENSG00000115839Q15042Rab3 GTPase-activating protein catalytic subunitclinvar
ARID1BHGNC:18040ENSG00000049618Q8NFD5AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1Bclinvar
ASXL1HGNC:18318ENSG00000171456Q8IXJ9Polycomb group protein ASXL1clinvar
CREBBPHGNC:2348ENSG00000005339Q92793CREB-binding proteinclinvar
KCNJ11HGNC:6257ENSG00000187486Q14654ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11clinvar
NAGLUHGNC:7632ENSG00000108784P54802Alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidaseclinvar

Cohort function summary

Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.

SymbolProtein nameFunction (lead sentence)
FGF5Fibroblast growth factor 5Plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation and cell differentiation.
RAB3GAP1Rab3 GTPase-activating protein catalytic subunitCatalytic subunit of the Rab3 GTPase-activating (Rab3GAP) complex composed of RAB3GAP1 and RAB3GAP2, which accelerates the otherwise slow GTP hydrolysis catalyzed by Rab proteins.
ARID1BAT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1BInvolved in transcriptional activation and repression of select genes by chromatin remodeling (alteration of DNA-nucleosome topology).
ASXL1Polycomb group protein ASXL1Probable Polycomb group (PcG) protein involved in transcriptional regulation mediated by ligand-bound nuclear hormone receptors, such as retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG).
CREBBPCREB-binding proteinAcetylates histones, giving a specific tag for transcriptional activation.
KCNJ11ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Inward rectifier potassium channel that forms the pore of ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP), regulating potassium permeability as a function of cytoplasmic ATP and ADP concentrations in many different cells.
NAGLUAlpha-N-acetylglucosaminidaseInvolved in the degradation of heparan sulfate.

Protein-family classification

Druggable: 2 · Difficult: 1 · Unknown: 4 · Druggable fraction: 0.29

Family distribution

Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.

FamilyGenesFoldFDR
Ion channel115.9×0.244
Enzyme (other)11.7×0.626
Transcription factor11.2×0.626
Other/Unknown41.0×0.626

Per-gene assignment

SymbolFamilyDruggable?ECInterPro (top 3)
FGF5Other/UnknownnoFibroblast_GF_fam, IL1/FGF
RAB3GAP1Other/UnknownnoRab3GAP1_conserved, Rab3GAP1_C, Rab3GAP1
ARID1BOther/UnknownnoARID_dom, BAF250/Osa, BAF250_C
ASXL1Other/UnknownnoAsxl_HARE-HTH, ASX/ASX-like, ASX-like_PHD
CREBBPTranscription factorno2.3.1.48Znf_TAZ, Znf_ZZ, Bromodomain
KCNJ11Ion channelyesK_chnl_inward-rec_Kir6.2, K_chnl_inward-rec_Kir_cyto, Ig_E-set
NAGLUEnzyme (other)yes3.2.1.50NAGLU, GH_hydrolase_sf, NAGLU_N

Expression context

Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.

6 cohort genes are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.

Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)

BucketGenes
narrow (1-5 tissues)0
moderate (6-20)0
broad (>20)7
unknown0

Top tissues across cohort

TissueCohort genes
sural nerve3
stromal cell of endometrium2
buccal mucosa cell1
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis1
Brodmann (1909) area 231
hair follicle1
secondary oocyte1
bone marrow cell1
colonic epithelium1
adrenal tissue1
sperm1
amniotic fluid1
tibia1
gastrocnemius1
hindlimb stylopod muscle1
muscle of leg1
body of pancreas1
mucosa of stomach1

Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)

SymbolBgee breadthFANTOM5 breadthSCXATop tissues
FGF5102broadmarkerbuccal mucosa cell, stromal cell of endometrium, male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis
RAB3GAP1300ubiquitousmarkerhair follicle, Brodmann (1909) area 23, secondary oocyte
ARID1B256ubiquitousmarkerbone marrow cell, colonic epithelium, sural nerve
ASXL1294ubiquitousmarkersural nerve, sperm, adrenal tissue
CREBBP297ubiquitousmarkersural nerve, tibia, amniotic fluid
KCNJ11161broadyesgastrocnemius, hindlimb stylopod muscle, muscle of leg
NAGLU268ubiquitousmarkerstromal cell of endometrium, body of pancreas, mucosa of stomach

Protein interactions among cohort

Intra-cohort edges: 0.

Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)

SymbolInteractor count
CREBBP6,959
FGF53,791
ASXL12,816
ARID1B2,131
RAB3GAP12,039
KCNJ111,715
NAGLU1,200

Structural data

PDB: 6 · AlphaFold-only: 1 · No structure: 0

Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)

SymbolUniProtPDB entries
CREBBPQ92793144
KCNJ11Q146549
ASXL1Q8IXJ94
ARID1BQ8NFD52
RAB3GAP1Q150421
NAGLUP548021

AlphaFold-only cohort genes (top 30 by pLDDT)

SymbolUniProtpLDDT
FGF5P1203476.62

Function

Pathway analysis

Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 191. Enrichment computed across 7 evidence-associated genes (7 with Reactome annotation).

Pathways by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 7 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

PathwayCohort genesFoldFDRSample cohort genes
MPS IIIB - Sanfilippo syndrome B11631.4×0.039NAGLU
Defective ABCC9 causes CMD10, ATFB12 and Cantu syndrome1815.7×0.039KCNJ11
Defective ABCC8 can cause hypo- and hyper-glycemias1815.7×0.039KCNJ11
ATP sensitive Potassium channels1407.9×0.039KCNJ11
LRR FLII-interacting protein 1 (LRRFIP1) activates type I IFN production1326.3×0.039CREBBP
NFE2L2 regulating inflammation associated genes1326.3×0.039CREBBP
NFE2L2 regulating ER-stress associated genes1326.3×0.039CREBBP
Mucopolysaccharidoses1271.9×0.039NAGLU
RUNX1 regulates transcription of genes involved in differentiation of myeloid cells1203.9×0.039CREBBP
NFE2L2 regulates pentose phosphate pathway genes1203.9×0.039CREBBP
NFE2L2 regulating MDR associated enzymes1203.9×0.039CREBBP
Regulation of NFE2L2 gene expression1203.9×0.039CREBBP
Regulation of FOXO transcriptional activity by acetylation1163.1×0.039CREBBP
Regulation of gene expression by Hypoxia-inducible Factor1135.9×0.039CREBBP
Signaling by activated point mutants of FGFR11135.9×0.039FGF5
Signaling by activated point mutants of FGFR31135.9×0.039FGF5
Activation of the TFAP2 (AP-2) family of transcription factors1135.9×0.039CREBBP
NFE2L2 regulating tumorigenic genes1135.9×0.039CREBBP
Cellular response to hypoxia1125.5×0.039CREBBP
FGFR3c ligand binding and activation1125.5×0.039FGF5
FGFR2c ligand binding and activation1125.5×0.039FGF5
Phospholipase C-mediated cascade; FGFR31125.5×0.039FGF5
FGFRL1 modulation of FGFR1 signaling1125.5×0.039FGF5
Phosphorylation of CLOCK, acetylation of BMAL1 (ARNTL) at target gene promoters1125.5×0.039CREBBP
Diseases of carbohydrate metabolism1116.5×0.039NAGLU
RUNX3 regulates NOTCH signaling1116.5×0.039CREBBP
FGFR1c ligand binding and activation1108.8×0.039FGF5
TRAF3-dependent IRF activation pathway1108.8×0.039CREBBP
Inwardly rectifying K+ channels1102.0×0.039KCNJ11
R-HSA-13680821102.0×0.039CREBBP

GO biological processes by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 7 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

GO termCohort genesFoldFDRSample cohort genes
cellular response to nutrient levels2133.8×0.008CREBBP, KCNJ11
determination of adult lifespan2123.5×0.008KCNJ11, NAGLU
response to disaccharide12407.4×0.014NAGLU
regulation of kidney size11203.7×0.014ASXL1
positive regulation of glutamate neurotransmitter secretion in response to membrane depolarization11203.7×0.014RAB3GAP1
regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter11203.7×0.014RAB3GAP1
rod bipolar cell differentiation11203.7×0.014NAGLU
nervous system development319.7×0.014ARID1B, FGF5, NAGLU
N-terminal peptidyl-lysine acetylation1802.5×0.015CREBBP
establishment of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum membrane1802.5×0.015RAB3GAP1
ganglioside metabolic process1601.9×0.015NAGLU
left ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis1601.9×0.015NAGLU
positive regulation of protein lipidation1601.9×0.015RAB3GAP1
positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organization1601.9×0.015RAB3GAP1
cone retinal bipolar cell differentiation1601.9×0.015NAGLU
positive regulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway1481.5×0.016ASXL1
response to resveratrol1481.5×0.016KCNJ11
cytoplasm organization1401.2×0.016NAGLU
heparin proteoglycan metabolic process1401.2×0.016NAGLU
negative regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway1401.2×0.016ASXL1
CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade1401.2×0.016KCNJ11
response to hypoxia227.4×0.016CREBBP, KCNJ11
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase I1343.9×0.016CREBBP
glycosaminoglycan metabolic process1343.9×0.016NAGLU
inner ear receptor cell development1343.9×0.016NAGLU
ventricular cardiac muscle tissue development1300.9×0.017KCNJ11
lung saccule development1300.9×0.017ASXL1
heparan sulfate proteoglycan catabolic process1267.5×0.018NAGLU
mitral valve morphogenesis1240.7×0.018NAGLU
homeostatic process1240.7×0.018CREBBP

Therapeutics

Drug target analysis

Approved (phase 4): 2 · Phase ≥3: 2 · Phased (≥1): 2 · Undrugged: 5

Druggability breadth: 3 of 7 evidence-associated genes (43%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).

Genes with an approved drug

The molecule shown is one approved compound that hits the gene — not necessarily a drug of choice or one indicated for this disease.

SymbolExample approved molecule
CREBBPCOLCHICINE
KCNJ11PINACIDIL ANHYDROUS

Top cohort targets by molecule count

SymbolMoleculesMax phase
CREBBP134
KCNJ1174
FGF500
RAB3GAP100
ARID1B00
ASXL100
NAGLU00

Drugs targeting cohort genes (top 30)

MoleculeMax phaseTargets in cohort
COLCHICINE4CREBBP
ALTRETAMINE4CREBBP
PINACIDIL ANHYDROUS4KCNJ11
GLYBURIDE4KCNJ11
PROPAFENONE4KCNJ11
DIAZOXIDE4KCNJ11
CURCUMIN3CREBBP
PAPAVERINE3CREBBP
EPIGALOCATECHIN GALLATE3CREBBP
MOLIBRESIB2CREBBP
FISETIN2CREBBP
ETAZOLATE2CREBBP
LUNRESERTIB2CREBBP
TRACAZOLATE2CREBBP
NOCODAZOLE2CREBBP
CROMAKALIM2KCNJ11
CLAMIKALANT2KCNJ11
TIFENAZOXIDE2KCNJ11
INOBRODIB1CREBBP
AZD-51531CREBBP

Bioactivity and enzyme data

Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 2.

Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)

SymbolAssaysType breakdown
CREBBP687Binding:644, Functional:43
KCNJ11102Functional:59, Binding:43
NAGLU4Binding:4

Cohort enzymes (BRENDA EC)

SymbolEC numbersNames
CREBBP2.3.1.48histone acetyltransferase
NAGLU3.2.1.50alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase

Cohort genes with high screening signal

≥100 ChEMBL assays — a studied-ness signal; see Therapeutics for approved-drug status.

SymbolChEMBL assays
CREBBP687
KCNJ11102

Pharmacogenomics

Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 7; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.

No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).

Chemical tractability of cohort targets

20 approved/phased compounds have measured bioactivity against a cohort gene (and aren’t yet in disease-level trials). This is a research / tractability signal, NOT a therapeutic recommendation — a bioactivity row often reflects off-target or screening binding (e.g. promiscuous kinase inhibitors against a cohort kinase), implying no disease mechanism.

CompoundMax phaseCohort target (bioactivity)
COLCHICINE4CREBBP
ALTRETAMINE4CREBBP
PINACIDIL ANHYDROUS4KCNJ11
GLYBURIDE4KCNJ11
PROPAFENONE4KCNJ11
DIAZOXIDE4KCNJ11
CURCUMIN3CREBBP
PAPAVERINE3CREBBP
EPIGALOCATECHIN GALLATE3CREBBP
MOLIBRESIB2CREBBP
FISETIN2CREBBP
ETAZOLATE2CREBBP
LUNRESERTIB2CREBBP
TRACAZOLATE2CREBBP
NOCODAZOLE2CREBBP
CROMAKALIM2KCNJ11
CLAMIKALANT2KCNJ11
TIFENAZOXIDE2KCNJ11
INOBRODIB1CREBBP
AZD-51531CREBBP

Druggability pyramid

Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):

TierDefinitionGenesSymbols
AApproved (phase 4 drug)2CREBBP, KCNJ11
BPhased (≥1) drug, not yet approved0
CDruggable family + PDB, no drug1NAGLU
DDruggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug0
EDifficult family or no structure, no drug4FGF5, RAB3GAP1, ARID1B, ASXL1

Undrugged target profiles

5 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).

SymbolChEMBL assaysDrugged partners (top 3)
FGF50
RAB3GAP10
ARID1B0
ASXL10
NAGLU4

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 11.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

PhaseTrials
Not specified7
PHASE1/PHASE22
PHASE31
PHASE11

Top trials by phase / activity

NCTPhaseStatusTitle
NCT01212172PHASE3COMPLETEDComparison of Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Two Different 810 nm Diode Lasers for Hair Reduction
NCT00371930PHASE1/PHASE2UNKNOWNPhotodynamic Therapy for Permanent Hair Removal
NCT02793557PHASE1/PHASE2COMPLETEDInvestigation of FOL-005 on Clinical Safety and Effect on Hair Growth
NCT00580736PHASE1COMPLETEDOptical Clearing of the Skin in Conjunction With Laser Treatments
NCT05775328Not specifiedRECRUITINGTreatment of Hypertrichosis With Intense Pulsed Light
NCT00441948Not specifiedUNKNOWNEnhanced Safety Laser Hair Removal System
NCT00495443Not specifiedUNKNOWNEnhanced Safety Aesthetic Laser System
NCT00773136Not specifiedCOMPLETEDEyelash Growth From Application of Bimatoprost in Gel Suspension to the Base of the Eyelashes
NCT01912950Not specifiedCOMPLETEDPilot Study of a Novel IPL for Removal of Unwanted Fine Body Hair
NCT02536092Not specifiedWITHDRAWNA Prospective Multi-Center Study of a Novel Dual-Wavelength Laser for Hair Removal
NCT03273504Not specifiedCOMPLETEDEfficacy Evaluation of the Activity of a Cosmetic Product (Topical Use) on Hair Regrowth vs Placebo

Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)

MoleculeMax phaseTrials referencing
BIMATOPROST41
CHEMBL430373001