Hypoglycemia

Summary

Hypoglycemia (MONDO:0004946) is a disease with 9 cohort genes and 298 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include glucagon, glucagon hydrochloride, and pitolisant.

At a glance

• Cohort genes: 9
• ClinVar variants: 16
• Clinical trials: 298

Clinical features

No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

Field	Value
Canonical name	hypoglycemia
Mondo ID	MONDO:0004946
MeSH	D007003
DOID	DOID:9993
NCIT	C3126
SNOMED CT	302866003
UMLS	C0020615
MedGen	6979
Is cancer (heuristic)	no

Also known as: blood glucose, Low · glucose, Low blood · low blood glucose

Data availability: 16 ClinVar variants.

Disease family

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by developmental or physiological process › metabolic disease › glucose metabolism disease › hypoglycemia

Related subtypes (8): glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinism, hyperglycemia, diabetes mellitus, prediabetes syndrome, triosephosphate isomerase deficiency, disorder of gluconeogenesis, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

No GWAS associations recorded — common-variant (GWAS) studies don’t cover this disease (typical for Mendelian / rare diseases). See the curated gene cohort and Mendelian overlap below.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

ClinVar germline variants

16 retrieved; paginated sample, class counts are floors:

6 conflicting classifications of pathogenicity, 4 pathogenic, 2 uncertain significance, 2 likely pathogenic, 1 likely risk allele, 1 benign/likely benign

ClinVar	Variant (HGVS)	Gene	Classification	Review
267815	46;X;t(X;5)(p11.23;q35)dn		Pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter
4795219	NM_001098502.2(CHCHD4):c.5C>T (p.Ser2Phe)	CHCHD4	Pathogenic	no assertion criteria provided
11998	NM_000151.4(G6PC1):c.247C>T (p.Arg83Cys)	G6PC1	Pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
4795218	Single allele	WNT7A	Pathogenic	no assertion criteria provided
523361	NM_000352.6(ABCC8):c.1793G>A (p.Arg598Gln)	ABCC8	Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter
373928	NM_000525.4(KCNJ11):c.185C>G (p.Thr62Arg)	KCNJ11	Likely pathogenic	no assertion criteria provided
556175	NM_000525.4(KCNJ11):c.617G>T (p.Arg206Leu)	KCNJ11	Likely risk allele	criteria provided, single submitter
210067	NM_000352.6(ABCC8):c.1252T>C (p.Cys418Arg)	ABCC8	Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity	criteria provided, conflicting classifications
523360	NM_000352.6(ABCC8):c.1024G>T (p.Gly342Trp)	ABCC8	Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity	criteria provided, conflicting classifications
552226	NM_000352.6(ABCC8):c.3753+1G>A	ABCC8	Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity	criteria provided, conflicting classifications
8684	NM_000525.4(KCNJ11):c.466G>A (p.Gly156Arg)	KCNJ11	Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity	criteria provided, conflicting classifications
804425	NM_003803.4(MYOM1):c.3260G>A (p.Trp1087Ter)	MYOM1	Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity	criteria provided, conflicting classifications
638278	NM_001042424.3(NSD2):c.3295G>A (p.Glu1099Lys)	NSD2	Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity	criteria provided, conflicting classifications
35609	NM_000352.6(ABCC8):c.3517G>A (p.Val1173Met)	ABCC8	Uncertain significance	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
1683776	NM_000260.4(MYO7A):c.3833C>T (p.Thr1278Ile)	MYO7A	Uncertain significance	criteria provided, single submitter
6367	NM_001365536.1(SCN9A):c.1997A>G (p.Lys666Arg)	SCN1A-AS1	Benign/Likely benign	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Genes & proteins

Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers

GenCC: 0 · Orphanet: 23 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0

Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)

Gene	Orphanet ID	Rare disease
NSD2	Orphanet:280	Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome
WNT7A	Orphanet:2854	Fuhrmann syndrome
WNT7A	Orphanet:2879	Phocomelia, Schinzel type
G6PC1	Orphanet:79258	Glycogen storage disease due to glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency type Ia
ABCC8	Orphanet:276575	Autosomal dominant hyperinsulinism due to SUR1 deficiency
ABCC8	Orphanet:276598	Diazoxide-resistant focal hyperinsulinism due to SUR1 deficiency
ABCC8	Orphanet:552	MODY
ABCC8	Orphanet:79134	DEND syndrome
ABCC8	Orphanet:79643	Autosomal recessive hyperinsulinism due to SUR1 deficiency
ABCC8	Orphanet:99885	Isolated permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus
ABCC8	Orphanet:99886	Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus
KCNJ11	Orphanet:276580	Autosomal dominant hyperinsulinism due to Kir6.2 deficiency
KCNJ11	Orphanet:276603	Diazoxide-resistant focal hyperinsulinism due to Kir6.2 deficiency
KCNJ11	Orphanet:552	MODY
KCNJ11	Orphanet:79134	DEND syndrome
KCNJ11	Orphanet:79644	Autosomal recessive hyperinsulinism due to Kir6.2 deficiency
KCNJ11	Orphanet:99885	Isolated permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus
KCNJ11	Orphanet:99886	Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus
KCNJ11	Orphanet:99989	Intermediate DEND syndrome
MYO7A	Orphanet:231169	Usher syndrome type 1
MYO7A	Orphanet:231178	Usher syndrome type 2
MYO7A	Orphanet:90635	Rare autosomal dominant non-syndromic sensorineural deafness type DFNA
MYO7A	Orphanet:90636	Rare autosomal recessive non-syndromic sensorineural deafness type DFNB

Cohort genes → proteins

9 cohort genes, 8 distinct canonical proteins.

Evidence partition

Subset	Genes
multi_evidence	9

Cohort genes (full)

Symbol	HGNC	Ensembl	UniProt	Name	Evidence
NSD2	HGNC:12766	ENSG00000109685	O96028	Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase NSD2	clinvar
WNT7A	HGNC:12786	ENSG00000154764	O00755	Protein Wnt-7a	clinvar
CHCHD4	HGNC:26467	ENSG00000163528	Q8N4Q1	Mitochondrial intermembrane space import and assembly protein 40	clinvar
G6PC1	HGNC:4056	ENSG00000131482	P35575	Glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	clinvar
SCN1A-AS1	HGNC:54069	ENSG00000236107		SCN1A and SCN9A antisense RNA 1	clinvar
ABCC8	HGNC:59	ENSG00000006071	Q09428	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8	clinvar
KCNJ11	HGNC:6257	ENSG00000187486	Q14654	ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11	clinvar
MYO7A	HGNC:7606	ENSG00000137474	Q13402	Unconventional myosin-VIIa	clinvar
MYOM1	HGNC:7613	ENSG00000101605	P52179	Myomesin-1	clinvar

Cohort function summary

Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.

Symbol	Protein name	Function (lead sentence)
NSD2	Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase NSD2	Histone methyltransferase which specifically dimethylates nucleosomal histone H3 at ‘Lys-36’ (H3K36me2).
WNT7A	Protein Wnt-7a	Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors that functions in the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway.
CHCHD4	Mitochondrial intermembrane space import and assembly protein 40	Central component of a redox-sensitive mitochondrial intermembrane space import machinery which is required for the biogenesis of respiratory chain complexes.
G6PC1	Glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Hydrolyzes glucose-6-phosphate to glucose in the endoplasmic reticulum.
ABCC8	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8	Regulator subunit of pancreatic ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP), playing a major role in the regulation of insulin release.
KCNJ11	ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11	Inward rectifier potassium channel that forms the pore of ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP), regulating potassium permeability as a function of cytoplasmic ATP and ADP concentrations in many different cells.
MYO7A	Unconventional myosin-VIIa	Myosins are actin-based motor molecules with ATPase activity.
MYOM1	Myomesin-1	Major component of the vertebrate myofibrillar M band.

Protein-family classification

Druggable: 4 · Difficult: 2 · Unknown: 3 · Druggable fraction: 0.44

Family distribution

Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.

Family	Genes	Fold	FDR
Ion channel	1	12.4×	0.256
Phosphatase	1	9.3×	0.256
Transporter	1	8.6×	0.256
Antibody/Immunoglobulin	1	3.2×	0.471
Scaffold/PPI	1	1.9×	0.581
Transcription factor	1	0.9×	0.802
Other/Unknown	3	0.6×	0.955

Per-gene assignment

Symbol	Family	Druggable?	EC	InterPro (top 3)
NSD2	Transcription factor	no	2.1.1.356	PWWP_dom, SET_dom, Znf_RING
WNT7A	Other/Unknown	no		Wnt, Wnt7, Wnt_CS
CHCHD4	Other/Unknown	no		CHCH, CHCHD4
G6PC1	Phosphatase	yes	3.1.3.9	PAP2/HPO, Glucose-6-phosphatase, PAP2/HPO_sf
SCN1A-AS1	Other/Unknown	no
ABCC8	Transporter	yes		ABCC8/9, ABCC8, ABC_transporter-like_ATP-bd
KCNJ11	Ion channel	yes		K_chnl_inward-rec_Kir6.2, K_chnl_inward-rec_Kir_cyto, Ig_E-set
MYO7A	Scaffold/PPI	no		IQ_motif_EF-hand-BS, FERM_domain, MyTH4_dom
MYOM1	Antibody/Immunoglobulin	yes		Ig_sub2, Ig_sub, FN3_dom

Expression context

Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.

7 cohort genes are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.

Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)

Bucket	Genes
narrow (1-5 tissues)	0
moderate (6-20)	0
broad (>20)	9
unknown	0

Top tissues across cohort

Tissue	Cohort genes
cortical plate	2
ventricular zone	2
hindlimb stylopod muscle	2
ganglionic eminence	1
endometrium epithelium	1
cardiac muscle of right atrium	1
endothelial cell	1
left ventricle myocardium	1
liver	1
nephron tubule	1
right lobe of liver	1
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	1
primordial germ cell in gonad	1
sural nerve	1
cerebellar hemisphere	1
islet of Langerhans	1
right hemisphere of cerebellum	1
gastrocnemius	1
muscle of leg	1
left adrenal gland	1

Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)

Symbol	Bgee breadth	FANTOM5 breadth	SCXA	Top tissues
NSD2	281	ubiquitous	marker	ventricular zone, ganglionic eminence, cortical plate
WNT7A	96	broad	yes	cortical plate, endometrium epithelium, ventricular zone
CHCHD4	254	ubiquitous	marker	left ventricle myocardium, endothelial cell, cardiac muscle of right atrium
G6PC1	66	tissue_specific	marker	right lobe of liver, liver, nephron tubule
SCN1A-AS1	129	tissue_specific	marker	sural nerve, primordial germ cell in gonad, male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis
ABCC8	185	broad	marker	islet of Langerhans, right hemisphere of cerebellum, cerebellar hemisphere
KCNJ11	161	broad	yes	gastrocnemius, hindlimb stylopod muscle, muscle of leg
MYO7A	186	broad	marker	right adrenal gland cortex, right adrenal gland, left adrenal gland
MYOM1	215	broad	marker	hindlimb stylopod muscle, skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis, gluteal muscle

Protein interactions among cohort

Intra-cohort edges: 1.

Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)

Symbol	Interactor count
NSD2	3,530
ABCC8	2,826
G6PC1	2,193
WNT7A	1,809
KCNJ11	1,715
CHCHD4	1,663
MYOM1	1,082
MYO7A	43
SCN1A-AS1	0

Intra-cohort edges

A	B	Sources
ABCC8	KCNJ11	biogrid_interaction, intact, string_interaction

Structural data

PDB: 8 · AlphaFold-only: 0 · No structure: 1

Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)

Symbol	UniProt	PDB entries
NSD2	O96028	22
KCNJ11	Q14654	9
MYOM1	P52179	9
ABCC8	Q09428	8
G6PC1	P35575	6
CHCHD4	Q8N4Q1	4
WNT7A	O00755	3
MYO7A	Q13402	1

Function

Pathway analysis

Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 36. Enrichment computed across 9 evidence-associated genes (7 with Reactome annotation).

Pathways by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 7 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

Pathway	Cohort genes	Fold	FDR	Sample cohort genes
Defective ABCC8 can cause hypo- and hyper-glycemias	2	1631.4×	1e-05	ABCC8, KCNJ11
ATP sensitive Potassium channels	2	815.7×	3e-05	ABCC8, KCNJ11
Inwardly rectifying K+ channels	2	203.9×	5e-04	ABCC8, KCNJ11
ABC transporter disorders	2	125.5×	9e-04	ABCC8, KCNJ11
Regulation of insulin secretion	2	62.8×	0.003	ABCC8, KCNJ11
Glycogen storage disease type Ia (G6PC)	1	1631.4×	0.003	G6PC1
Integration of energy metabolism	2	50.2×	0.003	ABCC8, KCNJ11
Defective ABCC9 causes CMD10, ATFB12 and Cantu syndrome	1	815.7×	0.004	KCNJ11
Disorders of transmembrane transporters	2	39.8×	0.004	ABCC8, KCNJ11
Potassium Channels	2	38.4×	0.004	ABCC8, KCNJ11
Neuronal System	2	12.7×	0.032	ABCC8, KCNJ11
The canonical retinoid cycle in rods (twilight vision)	1	74.2×	0.040	MYO7A
Gluconeogenesis	1	62.8×	0.042	G6PC1
WNT ligand biogenesis and trafficking	1	60.4×	0.042	WNT7A
FOXO-mediated transcription of oxidative stress, metabolic and neuronal genes	1	54.4×	0.044	G6PC1
Sensory processing of sound	1	44.1×	0.051	MYO7A
Visual phototransduction	1	37.1×	0.056	MYO7A
Ion homeostasis	1	29.1×	0.062	KCNJ11
Sensory processing of sound by outer hair cells of the cochlea	1	29.1×	0.062	MYO7A
Class B/2 (Secretin family receptors)	1	27.2×	0.062	WNT7A
Protein localization	1	27.2×	0.062	CHCHD4
Mitochondrial protein import	1	24.0×	0.062	CHCHD4
Nonhomologous End-Joining (NHEJ)	1	24.0×	0.062	NSD2
Sensory processing of sound by inner hair cells of the cochlea	1	23.3×	0.062	MYO7A
PKMTs methylate histone lysines	1	23.0×	0.062	NSD2
Recruitment and ATM-mediated phosphorylation of repair and signaling proteins at DNA double strand breaks	1	20.9×	0.065	NSD2
Interaction of NuRD complexes with transcription factors	1	18.1×	0.071	G6PC1
ABC-family protein mediated transport	1	17.4×	0.071	KCNJ11
G2/M DNA damage checkpoint	1	17.2×	0.071	NSD2
Processing of DNA double-strand break ends	1	16.3×	0.072	NSD2

GO biological processes by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 8 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

GO term	Cohort genes	Fold	FDR	Sample cohort genes
response to resveratrol	2	842.6×	3e-04	G6PC1, KCNJ11
obsolete inorganic cation transmembrane transport	2	234.1×	0.002	ABCC8, KCNJ11
negative regulation of insulin secretion	2	123.9×	0.005	ABCC8, KCNJ11
cellular response to nutrient levels	2	117.0×	0.005	ABCC8, KCNJ11
regulation of insulin secretion	2	98.0×	0.005	ABCC8, KCNJ11
potassium ion import across plasma membrane	2	91.6×	0.005	ABCC8, KCNJ11
action potential	2	89.6×	0.005	ABCC8, KCNJ11
asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination	1	2106.5×	0.006	WNT7A
pigment granule transport	1	2106.5×	0.006	MYO7A
negative regulation of neuroblast migration	1	2106.5×	0.006	ABCC8
positive regulation of uterine smooth muscle relaxation	1	2106.5×	0.006	ABCC8
atrial septum secundum morphogenesis	1	1053.2×	0.010	NSD2
postsynapse assembly	1	1053.2×	0.010	WNT7A
positive regulation of protein localization to presynapse	1	1053.2×	0.010	WNT7A
skeletal muscle satellite cell activation	1	702.2×	0.010	WNT7A
protein import into mitochondrial intermembrane space	1	702.2×	0.010	CHCHD4
oviduct development	1	702.2×	0.010	WNT7A
glutamate secretion, neurotransmission	1	702.2×	0.010	ABCC8
protein import into the intermembrane space via the disulfide relay system	1	702.2×	0.010	CHCHD4
positive regulation of excitatory synapse assembly	1	702.2×	0.010	WNT7A
negative regulation of blood-brain barrier permeability	1	702.2×	0.010	ABCC8
potassium ion transmembrane transport	2	34.0×	0.010	ABCC8, KCNJ11
phagolysosome assembly	1	421.3×	0.012	MYO7A
atrial septum primum morphogenesis	1	421.3×	0.012	NSD2
central nervous system vasculogenesis	1	421.3×	0.012	WNT7A
regulation of axon diameter	1	421.3×	0.012	WNT7A
mechanoreceptor differentiation	1	421.3×	0.012	MYO7A
positive regulation of tight junction disassembly	1	421.3×	0.012	ABCC8
regulation of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining	1	421.3×	0.012	NSD2
extraocular skeletal muscle development	1	351.1×	0.012	MYOM1

Therapeutics

Drugs indicated for this disease

4 approved, 2 in late-stage (phase 3) trials. Disease-direct ChEMBL indications, not inferred from the associated-gene cohort below.

Drug	Development status
Dasiglucagon Hydrochloride	Approved (phase 4)
Diazoxide	Approved (phase 4)
Donislecel	Approved (phase 4)
Glucagon	Approved (phase 4)
Canakinumab	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Dasiglucagon	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)

Earlier-phase candidates (phase 2, investigational — efficacy not yet established): Anakinra, Avexitide, Carvedilol, Empagliflozin, Ersodetug, Glucagon Hydrochloride, Insulin Human, Metoclopramide, Sodium Chloride.

Drug target analysis

Approved (phase 4): 3 · Phase ≥3: 3 · Phased (≥1): 3 · Undrugged: 6

Druggability breadth: 4 of 9 evidence-associated genes (44%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).

Genes with an approved drug

The molecule shown is one approved compound that hits the gene — not necessarily a drug of choice or one indicated for this disease.

Symbol	Example approved molecule
NSD2	VENETOCLAX
ABCC8	REPAGLINIDE
KCNJ11	PINACIDIL ANHYDROUS

Top cohort targets by molecule count

Symbol	Molecules	Max phase
NSD2	8	4
KCNJ11	7	4
ABCC8	6	4
WNT7A	0	0
CHCHD4	0	0
G6PC1	0	0
SCN1A-AS1	0	0
MYO7A	0	0
MYOM1	0	0

Drugs targeting cohort genes (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Targets in cohort
VENETOCLAX	4	NSD2
MITOXANTRONE	4	NSD2
REPAGLINIDE	4	ABCC8
DIAZOXIDE	4	ABCC8, KCNJ11
GLYBURIDE	4	ABCC8, KCNJ11
PINACIDIL ANHYDROUS	4	KCNJ11
PROPAFENONE	4	KCNJ11
SURAMIN	3	NSD2
SINEFUNGIN	2	NSD2
MOLIBRESIB	2	NSD2
HOMIDIUM BROMIDE	2	NSD2
CROMAKALIM	2	ABCC8, KCNJ11
CLAMIKALANT	2	ABCC8, KCNJ11
TIFENAZOXIDE	2	ABCC8, KCNJ11
PF-03882845	1	NSD2
EZM-0414	1	NSD2

Bioactivity and enzyme data

Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 2.

Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)

Symbol	Assays	Type breakdown
NSD2	264	Binding:256, Functional:8
KCNJ11	102	Functional:59, Binding:43
ABCC8	84	Functional:52, Binding:32
G6PC1	8	Binding:8

Cohort enzymes (BRENDA EC)

Symbol	EC numbers	Names
NSD2	2.1.1.356, 2.1.1.357, 2.1.1.359	[histone H3]-lysine27 N-trimethyltransferase, [histone H3]-lysine36 N-dimethyltransferase, [histone H3]-lysine36 N-trimethyltransferase
G6PC1	3.1.3.9	glucose-6-phosphatase

Cohort genes with high screening signal

≥100 ChEMBL assays — a studied-ness signal; see Therapeutics for approved-drug status.

Symbol	ChEMBL assays
NSD2	264
KCNJ11	102

Pharmacogenomics

Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 8; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.

No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).

Chemical tractability of cohort targets

15 approved/phased compounds have measured bioactivity against a cohort gene (and aren’t yet in disease-level trials). This is a research / tractability signal, NOT a therapeutic recommendation — a bioactivity row often reflects off-target or screening binding (e.g. promiscuous kinase inhibitors against a cohort kinase), implying no disease mechanism.

Compound	Max phase	Cohort target (bioactivity)
VENETOCLAX	4	NSD2
MITOXANTRONE	4	NSD2
REPAGLINIDE	4	ABCC8
GLYBURIDE	4	ABCC8, KCNJ11
PINACIDIL ANHYDROUS	4	KCNJ11
PROPAFENONE	4	KCNJ11
SURAMIN	3	NSD2
SINEFUNGIN	2	NSD2
MOLIBRESIB	2	NSD2
HOMIDIUM BROMIDE	2	NSD2
CROMAKALIM	2	ABCC8, KCNJ11
CLAMIKALANT	2	ABCC8, KCNJ11
TIFENAZOXIDE	2	ABCC8, KCNJ11
PF-03882845	1	NSD2
EZM-0414	1	NSD2

Druggability pyramid

Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):

Tier	Definition	Genes	Symbols
A	Approved (phase 4 drug)	3	NSD2, ABCC8, KCNJ11
B	Phased (≥1) drug, not yet approved	0
C	Druggable family + PDB, no drug	2	G6PC1, MYOM1
D	Druggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug	0
E	Difficult family or no structure, no drug	4	WNT7A, CHCHD4, SCN1A-AS1, MYO7A

Undrugged target profiles

6 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).

Symbol	ChEMBL assays	Drugged partners (top 3)
WNT7A	0	—
CHCHD4	0	—
G6PC1	8	—
SCN1A-AS1	0	—
MYO7A	0	—
MYOM1	0	—

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 298.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

Phase	Trials
Not specified	206
PHASE1	19
PHASE2	18
PHASE4	16
PHASE3	15
PHASE1/PHASE2	13
EARLY_PHASE1	7
PHASE2/PHASE3	4

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT06986603	PHASE4	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Glucagon Dose-Response in Patients With Post-Bariatric Hypoglycemia
NCT00490893	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Hypoglycemia Counterregulation and Symptom Perception With Insulin Detemir
NCT00641407	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Bedtime Insulins and Oral Antihyperglycemic Drugs in Type 2 Diabetes
NCT00766441	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Sitagliptin Versus Sulphonylurea in Type 2 Diabetes During Ramadan
NCT01013402	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Investigating the Accuracy of the Home Glucose Monitors in Hypoglycemia
NCT01147276	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Vildagliptin and the Glucagon Response to Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes
NCT01387477	PHASE4	WITHDRAWN	Lactate to Treat Hypoglycemia
NCT01841359	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Pramlintide (Symlin) for the Treatment of Hypoglycemia Following Gastric Bypass Surgery
NCT02007278	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Glycemic Excursions in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Vildagliptin and Metformin Versus Vildagliptin and Glimepiride
NCT02336438	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Effect of Glucomannan Soluble Fiber on Glucose Homeostasis in Patients With Roux En Y (RNY) Gastric Bypass Surgery
NCT02527993	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Treatment of Hypoglycemia Following Gastric Bypass Surgery
NCT02578498	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Glucagon Efficiency After High and Low Carbohydrate Diet
NCT02881060	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Late Effects of Ethanol Intake on the Glucose Response to Subcutaneous Glucagon in Type 1 Diabetes
NCT03429946	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Hypoglycemia and Autonomic Nervous System Function-B
NCT03608163	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Novel Approach for the Prevention of Hypoglycemia Associated Autonomic Failure (HAAF)
NCT04053712	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Dual-hormone Closed-loop Glucose Control in Type 1 Diabetes
NCT04786262	PHASE3	RECRUITING	A Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy Study of VX-880 in Participants With Type 1 Diabetes
NCT00554281	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Using Glucose Sensors to Prevent Hypoglycemia
NCT00804297	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Octreotide for the Treatment of Sulfonylurea-Associated Hypoglycemia
NCT00994149	PHASE2/PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Diazoxide In the Management Of Hypoglycemic Neonates
NCT01029639	PHASE2/PHASE3	WITHDRAWN	Effects of Pulsatile Intravenous Insulin Delivery on Hypoglycemic Unawareness
NCT02171130	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Clinical Usability of Intranasal Glucagon in Treatment of Hypoglycemia
NCT02402933	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Clinical Usability of Nasal Glucagon in Treatment of Hypoglycemia in Children and Adolescents
NCT02523222	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Dextrose Gel Does Not Prevent Neonatal Hypoglycemia
NCT02656069	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Safety and Efficacy of G-Pen Compared to Lilly Glucagon for Hypoglycemia Rescue in Adult Type 1 Diabetics
NCT02735031	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Exenatide and Impaired Hypoglycaemic Awareness in Type 1 Diabetes
NCT03216226	PHASE3	COMPLETED	A Trial to Evaluate the Immunogenicity of Dasiglucagon and GlucaGen in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
NCT03378635	PHASE3	COMPLETED	A Trial to Confirm the Efficacy and Safety of Dasiglucagon in the Treatment of Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes Subjects
NCT03439072	PHASE3	COMPLETED	G-Pen™ Compared to Lilly Glucagon for Hypoglycemia Rescue in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
NCT03667053	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Trial to Confirm the Efficacy and Safety of Dasiglucagon in the Treatment of Hypoglycemia in T1DM Children
NCT03688711	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Trial to Confirm the Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Dasiglucagon in the Treatment of Hypoglycemia in Subjects With T1DM
NCT03738865	PHASE3	COMPLETED	G-Pen Compared to Glucagen Hypokit for Severe Hypoglycemia Rescue in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
NCT03802942	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Prevention of Hypoglycemia Among Diabetes Patients Admitted to Internal Medicine Departments With Nutritional Care
NCT03895697	PHASE3	COMPLETED	A Trial to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of 2 Different Batches of Subcutaneous Dasiglucagon in Patients With T1DM
NCT05378672	PHASE3	COMPLETED	A Study to Inv. Safety, Efficacy & PD of Dasiglucagon as Hypoglycemia Rescue Therapy in Children <6 Years With T1D
NCT06575426	PHASE1/PHASE2	RECRUITING	A Study to Investigate Safety and Effectiveness of Porcine Pancreatic Cells (OPF-310) in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
NCT07126873	PHASE1/PHASE2	RECRUITING	A Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy Study of E-islet 01 in Participants With Type 1 Diabetes
NCT00265473	PHASE1/PHASE2	COMPLETED	MGA031, Sirolimus and Tacrolimus in Islet Transplantation
NCT00285194	PHASE1/PHASE2	COMPLETED	hOKT3γ1 (Ala-Ala) Combined With Sirolimus and Delayed Tacrolimus in Type 1 Diabetic Islet Allograft Recipients
NCT00285233	PHASE1/PHASE2	COMPLETED	Delayed Mycophenolate Mofetil in Single-Donor Islet Allotransplantation in Type 1 Diabetes

Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Trials referencing
GLUCAGON	4	13
GLUCAGON HYDROCHLORIDE	4	7
PITOLISANT	4	3
DIAZOXIDE	4	2
NALOXONE	4	2
OCTREOTIDE	4	2
PASIREOTIDE	4	2
SITAGLIPTIN	4	2
VILDAGLIPTIN	4	2
ACARBOSE	4	1
ALCOHOL	4	1
ATROPINE	4	1
DEXTROSE	4	1
EFALIZUMAB	4	1
EPLERENONE	4	1
GEMIFLOXACIN	4	1
GLIMEPIRIDE	4	1
INSULIN DETEMIR	4	1
INSULIN GLARGINE	4	1
INSULIN HUMAN	4	1
LACTIC ACID	4	1
LEVOCARNITINE	4	1
LIRAGLUTIDE	4	1
MORPHINE SULFATE	4	1
PHENTOLAMINE	4	1
PRAMLINTIDE	4	1
SPIRONOLACTONE	4	1
DASIGLUCAGON	3	13
ASPARTAME	3	1
AVEXITIDE	3	1