Impaired renal function disease
diseaseOn this page
Also known as disease of kidneykidney disease
Summary
Impaired renal function disease (MONDO:0001343) is a disease with 6 GWAS associations across 10 studies and 474 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include cinacalcet, darbepoetin alfa, and losartan. A subtype of kidney disorder — broader associated-gene and molecular evidence is on the parent page (see Disease family below).
At a glance
- GWAS associations: 6
- Clinical trials: 474
Clinical features
No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.
Identifiers
Disease identifiers
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Canonical name | impaired renal function disease |
| Mondo ID | MONDO:0001343 |
| DOID | DOID:11705 |
| ICD-10-CM | N25 |
| SNOMED CT | 197663003 |
| UMLS | C0341677 |
| MedGen | 574572 |
| Is cancer (heuristic) | no |
Also known as: disease of kidney · kidney disease
Data availability: 6 GWAS associations (10 studies).
Disease family
This is a subtype of kidney disorder. Genetic, therapeutic, and trial evidence is largely curated at the broader-term level — see the parent page for the associated-gene cohort and molecular evidence.
Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › urinary system disorder › kidney disorder › impaired renal function disease
Related subtypes (56): renal hypertension, kidney failure, nephritis, nephrocalcinosis, atheroembolism of kidney, renal artery disease, nephrosis, cystic kidney disease, anuria, stricture or kinking of ureter, proteinuria, renal infectious disease, diabetes insipidus, orthostatic proteinuria, kidney hypertrophy, chronic kidney disease, hydronephrosis, renal tubular transport disease, kidney cortex necrosis, kidney papillary necrosis, perinephritis, renal aminoaciduria, autosomal dominant progressive nephropathy with hypertension, nephrolithiasis, X-linked diffuse leiomyomatosis-Alport syndrome, tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome, distal renal tubular acidosis, oligomeganephronia, duplication of urethra, renal tubular dysgenesis, exstrophy-epispadias complex, fetal lower urinary tract obstruction, IgG4-related kidney disease, congenital primary megaureter, renal nutcracker syndrome, renal hypoplasia, renal dysplasia, congenital megacalycosis, glomerular disorder, congenital renal artery stenosis, kidney neoplasm, renal tubule disorder, pyonephrosis, Arnold stickler bourne syndrome, C1q nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy, atypical Fanconi syndrome-neonatal hyperinsulinism syndrome, idiopathic non-lupus full-house nephropathy, lachiewicz sibley syndrome, crush syndrome, obstructive nephropathy, inherited kidney disorder, acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, kidney cortex disease, non-syndromic supernumerary kidneys, neonatal renal venous thrombosis
Subtypes (4): secondary hyperparathyroidism of renal origin, hypophosphatemic nephrolithiasis/osteoporosis 1, hypophosphatemic nephrolithiasis/osteoporosis 2, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Genetics & variants
GWAS landscape
6 GWAS associations across 10 studies. Top hits map to 5 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).
Top associations by p-value
| rsID | p-value | Gene | Risk allele | Odds ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs9622362 | 4e-31 | APOL1 | A | 0.27 |
| rs9622363 | 4e-30 | APOL1 | A | 0.27 |
| rs77924615 | 6e-16 | PDILT | G | 0.17 |
| rs36060036 | 3e-14 | UMOD | C | 0.19 |
| rs7903146 | 3e-11 | TCF7L2 | C | 0.1 |
| rs74812151 | 4e-07 | HRH1 | ? |
Top studies (by case count)
| Study | Lead author | Year | Cases | Controls | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GCST90476136 | Verma A | 2024 | 7,038 | 440,105 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90476135 | Verma A | 2024 | 4,035 | 116,190 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90480387 | Verma A | 2024 | 4,035 | 116,190 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90652092 | Liu TY | 2025 | 1,577 | 202,534 | Diversity and longitudinal records: Genetic architecture of disease associations and polygenic risk in the Taiwanese Han population. |
| GCST90478539 | Verma A | 2024 | 1,092 | 58,353 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90474189 | UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium | 2025 | 236 | 458,204 | Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90436426 | Zhou W | 2018 | 98 | 397,602 | Efficiently controlling for case-control imbalance and sample relatedness in large-scale genetic association studies. |
| GCST90134318 | Dube MP | 2022 | 0 | 0 | Pharmacogenomic study of heart failure and candesartan response from the CHARM programme. |
| GCST90134319 | Dube MP | 2022 | 0 | 0 | Pharmacogenomic study of heart failure and candesartan response from the CHARM programme. |
| GCST90134320 | Dube MP | 2022 | 0 | 0 | Pharmacogenomic study of heart failure and candesartan response from the CHARM programme. |
Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers
Tier distribution (top 50 variants)
| Tier | Variants |
|---|---|
| Tier 1: coding | 0 |
| Tier 2: splice/UTR | 0 |
| Tier 3: regulatory | 0 |
| Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | 6 |
MAF distribution
| Bucket | Variants |
|---|---|
| common (>=0.05) | 6 |
| low_freq (0.01-0.05) | 0 |
| rare (<0.01) | 0 |
| unknown | 0 |
Functional consequences
| Consequence | Count |
|---|---|
| intron_variant | 6 |
Top variants
| rsID | Chr | Pos | Alleles | MAF | Consequence | Gene | p-value | Tier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs9622362 | 22 | 36260398 | A>C | 0.472 | intron_variant | APOL1 | 4e-31 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs9622363 | 22 | 36260509 | A>G | 0.108 | intron_variant | APOL1 | 4e-30 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs77924615 | 16 | 20381010 | G>A | 0.174 | intron_variant | PDILT | 6e-16 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs36060036 | 16 | 20350628 | C>T | 0.163 | intron_variant | UMOD | 3e-14 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs7903146 | 10 | 112998590 | C>G,T | 0.292 | intron_variant | TCF7L2 | 3e-11 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs74812151 | 3 | 11209273 | G>A | 0.05 | intron_variant | HRH1 | 4e-07 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
Genes & proteins
No associated-gene cohort resolved for this disease. Atlas builds the molecular and therapeutic sections — associated genes, protein families, druggability, pathways, interactions, and drug associations — by aggregating over a disease’s associated genes (resolved via GWAS / GenCC / ClinVar / CIViC), and none resolved here. This is expected for antibody-mediated, autoimmune, or otherwise non-gene-defined conditions; the curated evidence for this disease is its clinical features, GWAS susceptibility, and clinical trials (above).
Function
No pathway enrichment — requires an associated-gene cohort.
Therapeutics
No druggable-target or therapeutic data for this disease’s cohort.
Clinical trials & evidence
Clinical trials
Clinical trials: 474.
Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| Not specified | 291 |
| PHASE4 | 44 |
| PHASE3 | 44 |
| PHASE2 | 41 |
| PHASE1 | 40 |
| PHASE1/PHASE2 | 9 |
| PHASE2/PHASE3 | 3 |
| EARLY_PHASE1 | 2 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT05096195 | PHASE4 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | PRevEnting FracturEs in REnal Disease - 1 |
| NCT06291077 | PHASE4 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Comparison of the Effects of Belatacept and Anticalcineurins on Endothelial Function in Renal Transplant Patients - |
| NCT06625073 | PHASE4 | RECRUITING | Randomized Trial of SGLT2i in Heart Transplant Recipients |
| NCT06642623 | PHASE4 | RECRUITING | A Prospective Trial of Enavogliflozin to Evaluate Cardio-renal Outcome in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients |
| NCT07138521 | PHASE4 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Optimizing Linezolid Dosing in Patients With Advanced Renal Impairment: a Therapeutic Drug Monitoring-based Evaluation |
| NCT07182422 | PHASE4 | RECRUITING | AST-120 (Kremezin®) for the Renal Protection and Attenuation of Decline in Acute Kidney Disease |
| NCT00067990 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Angiotensin II Blockade for Chronic Allograft Nephropathy |
| NCT00117078 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Aranesp® Monthly Preference Study - 2 |
| NCT00117130 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Study to Evaluate Effectiveness of Aranesp® |
| NCT00132431 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | START: Sensipar Treatment Algorithm to Reach K/DOQI Targets in Chronic Kidney Disease Subjects With Secondary Hyperparathyroidism |
| NCT00246129 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | CamTac Trial:Campath-Tacrolimus vs IL2R MoAb/Tacrolimus/MMF in Renal Transplantation |
| NCT00275535 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | The Comparison of Tacrolimus and Sirolimus Immunosuppression Based Drug Regimens in Kidney Transplant Recipients |
| NCT00282217 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Study Evaluating Sirolimus in the Treatment of Kidney Transplant |
| NCT00289614 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Patients With Renal Impairment and Diabetes Undergoing Computed Tomography (CT) |
| NCT00290069 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Renal Function Optimization With Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) Immunosuppressor Regimes (ALHAMBRA) |
| NCT00338468 | PHASE4 | TERMINATED | A Study to Assess Disability in Anemic Elderly Patients With Kidney Disease Receiving PROCRIT (Epoetin Alfa) |
| NCT00368901 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | STAAR-2 Clinical Study |
| NCT00369733 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | STAAR-3 Clinical Study |
| NCT00369772 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | STAAR-1 Clinical Study |
| NCT00379899 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | ADVANCE: Study to Evaluate Cinacalcet Plus Low Dose Vitamin D on Vascular Calcification in Subjects With Chronic Kidney Disease Receiving Hemodialysis |
| NCT00443508 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Reduction or Discontinuation of CNI’s With Conversion to Everolimus-Based Immunosuppresion |
| NCT00452478 | PHASE4 | TERMINATED | Conversion From Standard Phosphate Binder Therapy to Fosrenol® (Lanthanum Carbonate) in Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 5 |
| NCT00492518 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Acetylcysteine, Theophylline, and a Combination of Both in the Prophylaxis of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy |
| NCT00505102 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Safe Renal Function In Long Term Heart Transplanted Patients |
| NCT00526331 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Evaluation of Arterial Pressure Based Cardiac Output for Goal-Directed Perioperative Therapy |
| NCT00688480 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Do Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors Reduce Both Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Patients With Renal Dysfunction? |
| NCT00863707 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | A Study of the Safety and Tolerance of Regadenoson in Subjects With Renal Impairment |
| NCT01101698 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Vitamin K2 and Vessel Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients |
| NCT01150201 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Aliskiren Combined With Losartan in Proteinuric, Non-diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease |
| NCT01155141 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Idiopathic Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and Treatment With ACTH |
| NCT01228279 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Sympathetic Activity in Patients With End-stage Renal Disease on Peritoneal Dialysis |
| NCT01437943 | PHASE4 | TERMINATED | Effect of Short Term Aliskiren Treatment in Kidney Transplant Patients |
| NCT01722513 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Efficacy and Safety of Alprostadil Prevent Contrast Induced Nephropathy |
| NCT01985360 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | ISCHEMIA-Chronic Kidney Disease Trial |
| NCT02311010 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Practical Use of Advagraf de Novo After Kidney Transplantation According to Recipient Genetic Polymorphism |
| NCT02413073 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Whole Body Vibration in Kidney Disease |
| NCT02444013 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Folic Acid for Prevention of Contrast Induced Nephropathy |
| NCT02707809 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Effects of Dexmedetomidine on Microcirculation of Kidney Transplant Recipient |
| NCT02761577 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | A Prospective Study on Incidence and Prevention of Contrast-induced Nephropathy in Croatia |
| NCT03029351 | PHASE4 | TERMINATED | GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Therapy and Albuminuria in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes |
Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)
| Molecule | Max phase | Trials referencing |
|---|---|---|
| CINACALCET | 4 | 11 |
| DARBEPOETIN ALFA | 4 | 8 |
| LOSARTAN | 4 | 8 |
| TACROLIMUS ANHYDROUS | 4 | 6 |
| IOPAMIDOL | 4 | 4 |
| LISINOPRIL ANHYDROUS | 4 | 4 |
| ACETYLCYSTEINE | 4 | 3 |
| ALEMTUZUMAB | 4 | 3 |
| IOHEXOL | 4 | 3 |
| LANTHANUM CARBONATE | 4 | 3 |
| SIROLIMUS | 4 | 3 |
| THEOPHYLLINE ANHYDROUS | 4 | 3 |
| ALISKIREN | 4 | 2 |
| CALCIUM | 4 | 2 |
| CORTICOTROPIN | 4 | 2 |
| DACLIZUMAB | 4 | 2 |
| GLUCAGON | 4 | 2 |
| NEDOSIRAN SODIUM | 4 | 2 |
| PARICALCITOL | 4 | 2 |
| REGADENOSON ANHYDROUS | 4 | 2 |
| SODIUM BICARBONATE | 4 | 2 |
| SPARSENTAN | 4 | 2 |
| VADADUSTAT | 4 | 2 |
| ACYCLOVIR | 4 | 1 |
| ALLOPURINOL | 4 | 1 |
| ALPROSTADIL | 4 | 1 |
| ALTEPLASE | 4 | 1 |
| ASCORBIC ACID | 4 | 1 |
| BELATACEPT | 4 | 1 |
| BREMELANOTIDE | 4 | 1 |
Related Atlas pages
- Drugs: Cinacalcet, Darbepoetin Alfa, Losartan, Tacrolimus, Iopamidol, Lisinopril, Acetylcysteine, Alemtuzumab, Iohexol, Lanthanum Carbonate, Sirolimus, Theophylline, Aliskiren, Calcium, Corticotropin, Daclizumab, Glucagon, Nedosiran, Paricalcitol, Regadenoson, Sodium Bicarbonate, Sparsentan, Vadadustat, Acyclovir, Allopurinol, Alprostadil, Alteplase, Ascorbic Acid, Belatacept, Bremelanotide