Summary
Intracerebral hemorrhage (MONDO:0013792) is a disease with 5 cohort genes (41 GWAS associations across 29 studies) and 277 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include deferoxamine, enalapril, and eptacog alfa (activated).
At a glance
- Cohort genes: 5
- GWAS associations: 41
- Clinical trials: 277
Clinical features
No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.
Identifiers
Disease identifiers
| Field | Value |
|---|
| Canonical name | intracerebral hemorrhage |
| Mondo ID | MONDO:0013792 |
| EFO | EFO:0005669 |
| MeSH | D002543 |
| ICD-11 | 873092535 |
| SNOMED CT | 274100004 |
| UMLS | C2937358 |
| MedGen | 423648 |
| Is cancer (heuristic) | no |
Also known as: stroke, hemorrhagic
Data availability: 41 GWAS associations (29 studies) · 1 GenCC gene-disease record.
Disease family
Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › nervous system disorder › central nervous system disorder › brain disorder › cerebrovascular disorder › stroke disorder › hemorrhagic stroke › intracerebral hemorrhage
Related subtypes (1): subarachnoid hemorrhage
Genetics & variants
GWAS landscape
41 GWAS associations across 29 studies. Top hits map to 14 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).
Top associations by p-value
| rsID | p-value | Gene | Risk allele | Odds ratio |
|---|
| rs576031126 | 3e-11 | XKR4 | C | 3.02 |
| chr15:78596627 | 7e-11 | | ? | 6.09 |
| chr19:54853833 | 1e-10 | | ? | 6.17 |
| rs2984613 | 2e-10 | PMF1-BGLAP, PMF1 | C | 1.33 |
| chr1:3579893 | 3e-10 | | ? | 3.85 |
| chr10:93351817 | 1e-09 | | ? | 5.77 |
| chr11:62526164 | 1e-09 | | ? | 4.53 |
| rs185438795 | 2e-09 | CYP4F8 - CYP4F3 | ? | |
| chr9:116352792 | 2e-09 | | ? | 2.8 |
| chr5:98896370 | 2e-09 | | ? | 4.47 |
| rs11655160 | 3e-09 | TMEM220-AS1 - RN7SL601P | G | 0.82 |
| rs34290270 | 3e-09 | RTN4RL1 - DPH1 | T | 0.18 |
| rs201680145 | 4e-09 | NOTCH3 | ? | 3.39 |
| rs200646658 | 5e-09 | ADGRG1 | C | 1.83 |
| chr9:18753362 | 5e-09 | | ? | 4.5 |
| chr7:100991266 | 7e-09 | | ? | 4.69 |
| chr11:1887554 | 8e-09 | | ? | 4.67 |
| chr14:21082420 | 9e-09 | | ? | 3.31 |
| chr4:3233177 | 9e-09 | | ? | 3.49 |
| chr2:100974850 | 1e-08 | | ? | 3.76 |
| rs116161367 | 2e-08 | DAB1 | A | 0.45 |
| chr13:52024054 | 2e-08 | | ? | 3.85 |
| chr14:58365224 | 2e-08 | | ? | 4.2 |
| chr16:3013868 | 2e-08 | | ? | 4.57 |
| chr17:4054104 | 2e-08 | | ? | 5.45 |
| chr10:60086821 | 2e-08 | | ? | 5.15 |
| chr11:70376536 | 3e-08 | | ? | 4.96 |
| chr16:2697993 | 3e-08 | | ? | 4.3 |
| chr20:43574949 | 3e-08 | | ? | 4.48 |
| chr7:128846150 | 3e-08 | | ? | 5.33 |
Top studies (by case count)
| Study | Lead author | Year | Cases | Controls | Title |
|---|
| GCST90246096 | Walters RG | 2023 | 6,663 | 74,585 | Genotyping and population characteristics of the China Kadoorie Biobank. |
| GCST90473584 | UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium | 2025 | 2,407 | 456,033 | Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90018870 | Sakaue S | 2021 | 1,935 | 471,578 | A cross-population atlas of genetic associations for 220 human phenotypes. |
| GCST008875 | Chung J | 2019 | 1,808 | 1,711 | Genome-wide association study of cerebral small vessel disease reveals established and novel loci. |
| GCST008878 | Chung J | 2019 | 1,808 | 1,711 | Genome-wide association study of cerebral small vessel disease reveals established and novel loci. |
| GCST90651323 | Liu TY | 2025 | 1,558 | 215,981 | Diversity and longitudinal records: Genetic architecture of disease associations and polygenic risk in the Taiwanese Han population. |
| GCST90137438 | Hu Y | 2021 | 1,551 | 21,821 | Whole-Genome Sequencing Association Analyses of Stroke and Its Subtypes in Ancestrally Diverse Populations From Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine Project. |
| GCST90432122 | Rodriguez-Flores JL | 2024 | 1,533 | 26,602 | NOTCH3 p.Arg1231Cys is markedly enriched in South Asians and associated with stroke. |
| GCST90018650 | Sakaue S | 2021 | 1,456 | 152,022 | A cross-population atlas of genetic associations for 220 human phenotypes. |
| GCST90477978 | Verma A | 2024 | 1,441 | 448,687 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers
Tier distribution (top 50 variants)
| Tier | Variants |
|---|
| Tier 1: coding | 2 |
| Tier 2: splice/UTR | 1 |
| Tier 3: regulatory | 0 |
| Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | 34 |
MAF distribution
| Bucket | Variants |
|---|
| common (>=0.05) | 9 |
| low_freq (0.01-0.05) | 1 |
| rare (<0.01) | 1 |
| unknown | 26 |
Functional consequences
| Consequence | Count |
|---|
| unknown | 22 |
| intron_variant | 7 |
| intergenic_variant | 4 |
| missense_variant | 2 |
| non_coding_transcript_exon_variant | 1 |
| splice_region_variant | 1 |
Top variants
| rsID | Chr | Pos | Alleles | MAF | Consequence | Gene | p-value | Tier |
|---|
| rs576031126 | 8 | 55373413 | C>A,T | 0.001 | intron_variant | XKR4 | 3e-11 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| chr15:78596627 | | | | | | | 7e-11 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| chr19:54853833 | | | | | | | 1e-10 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs2984613 | 1 | 156227589 | C>G,T | 0.32 | intron_variant | PMF1-BGLAP, PMF1 | 2e-10 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| chr1:3579893 | | | | | | | 3e-10 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| chr10:93351817 | | | | | | | 1e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| chr11:62526164 | | | | | | | 1e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs185438795 | 19 | 15637050 | A>G | | intergenic_variant | CYP4F8 - CYP4F3 | 2e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| chr9:116352792 | | | | | | | 2e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| chr5:98896370 | | | | | | | 2e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs11655160 | 17 | 10989753 | G>A | 0.24 | intergenic_variant | TMEM220-AS1 - RN7SL601P | 3e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs34290270 | 17 | 2026424 | TA>T | 0.05 | intergenic_variant | RTN4RL1 - DPH1 | 3e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs201680145 | 19 | 15179052 | G>A,C,T | | missense_variant | NOTCH3 | 4e-09 | Tier 1: coding |
| rs200646658 | 16 | 57644658 | A>C,G | | intron_variant | ADGRG1 | 5e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| chr9:18753362 | | | | | | | 5e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| chr7:100991266 | | | | | | | 7e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| chr11:1887554 | | | | | | | 8e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| chr14:21082420 | | | | | | | 9e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| chr4:3233177 | | | | | | | 9e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| chr2:100974850 | | | | | | | 1e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs116161367 | 1 | 57744497 | C>A | 0.05 | intergenic_variant | DAB1 | 2e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| chr13:52024054 | | | | | | | 2e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| chr14:58365224 | | | | | | | 2e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| chr16:3013868 | | | | | | | 2e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| chr17:4054104 | | | | | | | 2e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| chr10:60086821 | | | | | | | 2e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| chr11:70376536 | | | | | | | 3e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| chr16:2697993 | | | | | | | 3e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| chr20:43574949 | | | | | | | 3e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| chr7:128846150 | | | | | | | 3e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
Genes & proteins
Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers
GenCC: 6 · Orphanet: 1 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0
GenCC gene–disease validity (cohort genes)
the Disease column is the GenCC-asserted condition — a cohort gene’s strongest validity may be for a related predisposition syndrome.
| Gene | Classification | Inheritance | Disease | Records |
|---|
| ACE | Limited | Unknown | intracerebral hemorrhage | 6 |
Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)
| Gene | Orphanet ID | Rare disease |
|---|
| ACE | Orphanet:97369 | Renal tubular dysgenesis of genetic origin |
Cohort genes → proteins
5 cohort genes, 5 distinct canonical proteins.
Evidence partition
| Subset | Genes |
|---|
| gwas_only | 4 |
| multi_evidence | 1 |
Cohort genes (full)
| Symbol | HGNC | Ensembl | UniProt | Name | Evidence |
|---|
| ACE | HGNC:2707 | ENSG00000159640 | P12821 | Angiotensin-converting enzyme | gencc |
| OR52E4 | HGNC:15213 | ENSG00000180974 | Q8NGH9 | Olfactory receptor 52E4 | gwas |
| SLC25A44 | HGNC:29036 | ENSG00000160785 | Q96H78 | Solute carrier family 25 member 44 | gwas |
| FHIP1A | HGNC:34237 | ENSG00000164142 | Q05DH4 | FHF complex subunit HOOK-interacting protein 1A | gwas |
| PMF1 | HGNC:9112 | ENSG00000160783 | Q6P1K2 | Polyamine-modulated factor 1 | gwas |
Cohort function summary
Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.
| Symbol | Protein name | Function (lead sentence) |
|---|
| ACE | Angiotensin-converting enzyme | Dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase that removes dipeptides from the C-terminus of a variety of circulating hormones, such as angiotensin I, bradykinin or enkephalins, thereby playing a key role in the regulation of blood pressure, electrolyte hom… |
| OR52E4 | Olfactory receptor 52E4 | Odorant receptor. |
| SLC25A44 | Solute carrier family 25 member 44 | Mitochondrial solute transporter which transports branched-chain amino acid (BCAA; valine, leucine and isoleucine) into mitochondria in brown adipose tissue (BAT). |
| FHIP1A | FHF complex subunit HOOK-interacting protein 1A | Probable component of the FTS/Hook/FHIP complex (FHF complex). |
| PMF1 | Polyamine-modulated factor 1 | Part of the MIS12 complex which is required for normal chromosome alignment and segregation and kinetochore formation during mitosis. |
Protein-family classification
Druggable: 2 · Difficult: 0 · Unknown: 3 · Druggable fraction: 0.4
Family distribution
Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.
| Family | Genes | Fold | FDR |
|---|
| Protease | 1 | 7.3× | 0.288 |
| GPCR | 1 | 4.8× | 0.288 |
| Other/Unknown | 3 | 1.1× | 0.608 |
Per-gene assignment
| Symbol | Family | Druggable? | EC | InterPro (top 3) |
|---|
| ACE | Protease | yes | 3.4.15.1 | Peptidase_M2 |
| OR52E4 | GPCR | yes | | GPCR_Rhodpsn, Olfact_rcpt, GPCR_Rhodpsn_7TM |
| SLC25A44 | Other/Unknown | no | | MCP, MCP_transmembrane, MCP_dom_sf |
| FHIP1A | Other/Unknown | no | | FHIP, FHIP_KELAA_motif, FHIP_C |
| PMF1 | Other/Unknown | no | | PMF1/Nnf1 |
Expression context
Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.
5 cohort genes are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.
Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)
| Bucket | Genes |
|---|
| narrow (1-5 tissues) | 1 |
| moderate (6-20) | 0 |
| broad (>20) | 4 |
| unknown | 0 |
Top tissues across cohort
| Tissue | Cohort genes |
|---|
| hindlimb stylopod muscle | 2 |
| ileal mucosa | 1 |
| left testis | 1 |
| right testis | 1 |
| calcaneal tendon | 1 |
| colonic epithelium | 1 |
| male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis | 1 |
| blood | 1 |
| prefrontal cortex | 1 |
| tendon of biceps brachii | 1 |
| buccal mucosa cell | 1 |
| quadriceps femoris | 1 |
| apex of heart | 1 |
| right lobe of thyroid gland | 1 |
Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)
| Symbol | Bgee breadth | FANTOM5 breadth | SCXA | Top tissues |
|---|
| ACE | 177 | ubiquitous | marker | ileal mucosa, right testis, left testis |
| OR52E4 | 3 | | marker | male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis, calcaneal tendon, colonic epithelium |
| SLC25A44 | 253 | ubiquitous | marker | prefrontal cortex, blood, tendon of biceps brachii |
| FHIP1A | 216 | broad | marker | buccal mucosa cell, hindlimb stylopod muscle, quadriceps femoris |
| PMF1 | 278 | ubiquitous | marker | hindlimb stylopod muscle, apex of heart, right lobe of thyroid gland |
Protein interactions among cohort
Intra-cohort edges: 1.
Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)
| Symbol | Interactor count |
|---|
| ACE | 3,659 |
| PMF1 | 1,081 |
| FHIP1A | 730 |
| SLC25A44 | 703 |
| OR52E4 | 254 |
Intra-cohort edges
| A | B | Sources |
|---|
| PMF1 | SLC25A44 | string_interaction |
Structural data
PDB: 2 · AlphaFold-only: 3 · No structure: 0
Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)
| Symbol | UniProt | PDB entries |
|---|
| ACE | P12821 | 97 |
| PMF1 | Q6P1K2 | 4 |
AlphaFold-only cohort genes (top 30 by pLDDT)
| Symbol | UniProt | pLDDT |
|---|
| OR52E4 | Q8NGH9 | 88.88 |
| SLC25A44 | Q96H78 | 80.66 |
| FHIP1A | Q05DH4 | 65.15 |
Function
Pathway analysis
Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 13. Enrichment computed across 5 evidence-associated genes (4 with Reactome annotation).
Pathways by enrichment
Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 4 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.
| Pathway | Cohort genes | Fold | FDR | Sample cohort genes |
|---|
| Metabolism of Angiotensinogen to Angiotensins | 1 | 158.6× | 0.054 | ACE |
| Branched-chain amino acid catabolism | 1 | 119.0× | 0.054 | SLC25A44 |
| Peptide hormone metabolism | 1 | 68.0× | 0.063 | ACE |
| Amplification of signal from unattached kinetochores via a MAD2 inhibitory signal | 1 | 29.1× | 0.084 | PMF1 |
| EML4 and NUDC in mitotic spindle formation | 1 | 23.2× | 0.084 | PMF1 |
| Resolution of Sister Chromatid Cohesion | 1 | 21.6× | 0.084 | PMF1 |
| RHO GTPases Activate Formins | 1 | 19.4× | 0.084 | PMF1 |
| Mitotic Prometaphase | 1 | 17.3× | 0.084 | PMF1 |
| Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives | 1 | 16.9× | 0.084 | SLC25A44 |
| Separation of Sister Chromatids | 1 | 15.2× | 0.084 | PMF1 |
| Expression and translocation of olfactory receptors | 1 | 7.0× | 0.159 | OR52E4 |
| Metabolism of proteins | 1 | 3.1× | 0.302 | ACE |
| Metabolism | 1 | 2.9× | 0.302 | SLC25A44 |
GO biological processes by enrichment
Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 4 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.
| GO term | Cohort genes | Fold | FDR | Sample cohort genes |
|---|
| branched-chain amino acid transport | 1 | 4213.0× | 0.003 | SLC25A44 |
| mononuclear cell proliferation | 1 | 4213.0× | 0.003 | ACE |
| regulation of renal output by angiotensin | 1 | 2106.5× | 0.003 | ACE |
| regulation of angiotensin metabolic process | 1 | 2106.5× | 0.003 | ACE |
| cell proliferation in bone marrow | 1 | 2106.5× | 0.003 | ACE |
| regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis | 1 | 2106.5× | 0.003 | SLC25A44 |
| negative regulation of gap junction assembly | 1 | 2106.5× | 0.003 | ACE |
| substance P catabolic process | 1 | 1404.3× | 0.003 | ACE |
| regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation | 1 | 1404.3× | 0.003 | ACE |
| antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I | 1 | 842.6× | 0.005 | ACE |
| regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin | 1 | 842.6× | 0.005 | ACE |
| hormone catabolic process | 1 | 702.2× | 0.005 | ACE |
| bradykinin catabolic process | 1 | 601.9× | 0.005 | ACE |
| regulation of smooth muscle cell migration | 1 | 601.9× | 0.005 | ACE |
| angiotensin-activated signaling pathway | 1 | 383.0× | 0.006 | ACE |
| amyloid-beta metabolic process | 1 | 383.0× | 0.006 | ACE |
| neutrophil mediated immunity | 1 | 351.1× | 0.006 | ACE |
| positive regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure | 1 | 351.1× | 0.006 | ACE |
| protein localization to perinuclear region of cytoplasm | 1 | 351.1× | 0.006 | FHIP1A |
| angiotensin maturation | 1 | 324.1× | 0.007 | ACE |
| branched-chain amino acid catabolic process | 1 | 263.3× | 0.007 | SLC25A44 |
| peptide catabolic process | 1 | 263.3× | 0.007 | ACE |
| attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore | 1 | 234.1× | 0.008 | PMF1 |
| hormone metabolic process | 1 | 221.7× | 0.008 | ACE |
| regulation of vasoconstriction | 1 | 200.6× | 0.008 | ACE |
| heart contraction | 1 | 191.5× | 0.008 | ACE |
| hematopoietic stem cell differentiation | 1 | 191.5× | 0.008 | ACE |
| arachidonate secretion | 1 | 175.5× | 0.009 | ACE |
| post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression | 1 | 162.0× | 0.009 | ACE |
| blood vessel diameter maintenance | 1 | 156.0× | 0.009 | ACE |
Therapeutics
Drugs indicated for this disease
0 approved, 3 in late-stage (phase 3) trials. Disease-direct ChEMBL indications, not inferred from the associated-gene cohort below.
Earlier-phase candidates (phase 2, investigational — efficacy not yet established): Albumin Human, Anakinra, Celecoxib, Deferoxamine, Dimethyl Fumarate, Edaravone, Enalapril, Hydralazine, Labetalol, Mirabegron, Pioglitazone, Rosuvastatin, Simvastatin, Sodium Chloride, Spironolactone, Tranexamic Acid.
Drug target analysis
Approved (phase 4): 1 · Phase ≥3: 1 · Phased (≥1): 1 · Undrugged: 4
Druggability breadth: 1 of 5 evidence-associated genes (20%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).
Genes with an approved drug
The molecule shown is one approved compound that hits the gene — not necessarily a drug of choice or one indicated for this disease.
| Symbol | Example approved molecule |
|---|
| ACE | TELMISARTAN |
Top cohort targets by molecule count
| Symbol | Molecules | Max phase |
|---|
| ACE | 31 | 4 |
| OR52E4 | 0 | 0 |
| SLC25A44 | 0 | 0 |
| FHIP1A | 0 | 0 |
| PMF1 | 0 | 0 |
Drugs targeting cohort genes (top 30)
Bioactivity and enzyme data
Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 1.
Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)
| Symbol | Assays | Type breakdown |
|---|
| ACE | 304 | Binding:288, Functional:8, ADMET:5, Unclassified:3 |
Cohort enzymes (BRENDA EC)
| Symbol | EC numbers | Names |
|---|
| ACE | 3.4.15.1 | peptidyl-dipeptidase A |
Cohort genes with high screening signal
≥100 ChEMBL assays — a studied-ness signal; see Therapeutics for approved-drug status.
| Symbol | ChEMBL assays |
|---|
| ACE | 304 |
Pharmacogenomics
Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 5; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.
No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).
Chemical tractability of cohort targets
29 approved/phased compounds have measured bioactivity against a cohort gene (and aren’t yet in disease-level trials). This is a research / tractability signal, NOT a therapeutic recommendation — a bioactivity row often reflects off-target or screening binding (e.g. promiscuous kinase inhibitors against a cohort kinase), implying no disease mechanism.
| Compound | Max phase | Cohort target (bioactivity) |
|---|
| TELMISARTAN | 4 | ACE |
| MOEXIPRIL | 4 | ACE |
| RAMIPRIL | 4 | ACE |
| LISINOPRIL ANHYDROUS | 4 | ACE |
| SITAGLIPTIN | 4 | ACE |
| TRANDOLAPRIL | 4 | ACE |
| CAPTOPRIL | 4 | ACE |
| PERINDOPRIL | 4 | ACE |
| QUINAPRIL | 4 | ACE |
| LOSARTAN | 4 | ACE |
| FOSINOPRIL | 4 | ACE |
| IMIDAPRIL | 4 | ACE |
| ENALAPRILAT ANHYDROUS | 4 | ACE |
| BENAZEPRIL | 4 | ACE |
| EDETIC ACID | 3 | ACE |
| BENAZEPRILAT | 2 | ACE |
| MOEXIPRILAT | 2 | ACE |
| QUINAPRILAT | 2 | ACE |
| OMAPATRILAT | 2 | ACE |
| RENTIAPRIL | 2 | ACE |
| ZOFENOPRIL | 2 | ACE |
| CERONAPRIL | 2 | ACE |
| TEPROTIDE | 2 | ACE |
| SAMPATRILAT | 2 | ACE |
| LIBENZAPRIL | 2 | ACE |
| PROLINE | 2 | ACE |
| SPIRAPRILAT | 2 | ACE |
| FOSINOPRILAT | 2 | ACE |
| IMIDAPRILAT | 2 | ACE |
Druggability pyramid
Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):
| Tier | Definition | Genes | Symbols |
|---|
| A | Approved (phase 4 drug) | 1 | ACE |
| B | Phased (≥1) drug, not yet approved | 0 | |
| C | Druggable family + PDB, no drug | 0 | |
| D | Druggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug | 1 | OR52E4 |
| E | Difficult family or no structure, no drug | 3 | SLC25A44, FHIP1A, PMF1 |
Undrugged target profiles
4 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).
| Symbol | ChEMBL assays | Drugged partners (top 3) |
|---|
| OR52E4 | 0 | — |
| SLC25A44 | 0 | — |
| FHIP1A | 0 | — |
| PMF1 | 0 | — |
Clinical trials & evidence
Clinical trials
Clinical trials: 277.
Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)
| Phase | Trials |
|---|
| Not specified | 172 |
| PHASE2 | 43 |
| PHASE3 | 23 |
| PHASE1 | 15 |
| PHASE1/PHASE2 | 9 |
| PHASE4 | 8 |
| PHASE2/PHASE3 | 5 |
| EARLY_PHASE1 | 2 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|
| NCT05095857 | PHASE4 | RECRUITING | The Anaesthetic Ketamine as Treatment for Patients With Severe Acute Brain Injury |
| NCT06429332 | PHASE4 | RECRUITING | International Care Bundle Evaluation in Cerebral Hemorrhage Research |
| NCT06673602 | PHASE4 | RECRUITING | Fufang Congrong Yizhi Capsules (FCYC) of Cognitive Impairment After Intracerebral Hemorrhage |
| NCT06899464 | PHASE4 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Safety and Feasibility of Using Cerebrolysin in the Treatment of Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage - a Prospective Randomized Open Blinded End-point Trial |
| NCT07044232 | PHASE4 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | NICardipine for Fast Achievement of Systolic BP Targets in ICH |
| NCT07609654 | PHASE4 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Oral Anticoagulation After Stroke With Prior ICH in Subjects With AF |
| NCT00699465 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Acute Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage |
| NCT01918722 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Clinical Re-evaluation of Removing Blood Stasis Therapy in Treating Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage Safety and Efficacy |
| NCT03243175 | PHASE3 | RECRUITING | Avoiding Anticoagulation After IntraCerebral Haemorrhage |
| NCT03496883 | PHASE3 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Recombinant Factor VIIa (rFVIIa) for Hemorrhagic Stroke Trial |
| NCT03907046 | PHASE3 | RECRUITING | Anticoagulation in ICH Survivors for Stroke Prevention and Recovery |
| NCT03936361 | PHASE3 | RECRUITING | Statins In Intracerbral Hemorrhage |
| NCT05679024 | PHASE3 | RECRUITING | Stroke Prophylaxis With Apixaban in Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 5 Patients With Atrial Fibrillation |
| NCT06763055 | PHASE3 | RECRUITING | The Fifth INTEnsive pReventing Secondary Injury in Acute Cerebral Haemorrhage Trial Within ACT-GLOBAL |
| NCT06863558 | PHASE3 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Reduction of Edema With a Specialized Cocktail for Ultra-early Management in Intracerebral Hemorrhage |
| NCT07162363 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Synergistic Minimally Invasive Surgery and Deferoxamine in ICH |
| NCT07227246 | PHASE3 | RECRUITING | Recombinant Factor VIIa (rFVIIa) for Hemorrhagic Stroke Trial - Part 2 |
| NCT07243704 | PHASE3 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Reducing the Burden of Cardiovascular Events With Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients With IntraCerebral Haemorrhage |
| NCT07338175 | PHASE3 | RECRUITING | Efficacy and Safety of Minocycline in Acute Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage |
| NCT00127283 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Recombinant Factor VIIa in Acute Intracerebral Haemorrhage |
| NCT01041950 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | COMPLETED | A Randomised Controlled Trial of Lumbar Drainage to Treat Communicating Hydrocephalus After Severe Intraventricular Hemorrhage |
| NCT01176565 | PHASE3 | TERMINATED | Antihypertensive Treatment of Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage-II |
| NCT01221142 | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Pilot Study of Hypothermia for Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Croatia |
| NCT01737541 | PHASE3 | TERMINATED | Fluoxetine for Motor Recovery After Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage |
| NCT01827046 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Minimally Invasive Surgery Plus Rt-PA for ICH Evacuation Phase III |
| NCT02866838 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Treatment of Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Patients on Non-vitamin K Antagonist |
| NCT03044184 | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Tranexamic Acid for Spontaneous Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage Trial |
| NCT03546283 | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Neuroprotectant for Hypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage |
| NCT03785067 | PHASE3 | TERMINATED | Triple Therapy Prevention of Recurrent Intracerebral Disease EveNts Trial (TRIDENT) Cognitive Sub-Study |
| NCT03996772 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | PREvention of STroke in Intracerebral haemorrhaGE Survivors With Atrial Fibrillation |
| NCT04522102 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Antiplatelet Secondary Prevention International Randomised Trial After INtracerebral HaemorrhaGe (ASPIRING)-Pilot Phase |
| NCT04604587 | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | MRI-visible Enlarged Perivascular Spaces and the Alteration of Lymphatic Drainage System in CAA |
| NCT04657133 | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Remote Ischemic Conditioning for the Treatment of Intracerebral Hemorrhage |
| NCT04857632 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Statin for Neuroprotection in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage |
| NCT05066620 | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Chinese Herbal Medicine in Acute INtracerebral Haemorrhage (CHAIN) Trial |
| NCT05419193 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | COMPLETED | PROpranolol for Cerebral Hemorrhage-ASsociated pnEumonia (PRO-CHASE) |
| NCT04760717 | PHASE2 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Regulating Blood Pressure During Recovery From Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Ischemic Stroke |
| NCT05020535 | PHASE2 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Biomarker and Edema Attenuation in IntraCerebral Hemorrhage (BEACH) |
| NCT05369351 | PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Efficacy and Safety of Mirabegron in Intracerebral Hemorrhage |
| NCT05434065 | PHASE2 | RECRUITING | Effects and Mechanisms of Celecoxib on Intracerebral Hemorrhage |
Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)
- Cohort genes: ACE, OR52E4, SLC25A44, FHIP1A, PMF1
- Drugs: Deferoxamine, Enalapril, Eptacog Alfa (Activated), Apixaban, Fingolimod, Nicardipine, Bromocriptine, Fluoxetine, Propranolol, Hydralazine, Labetalol, Acyclovir, Albumin Human, Alteplase, Amikacin, Cholecalciferol, Clevidipine, Conivaptan, Dabigatran Etexilate, Daptomycin, Dimethyl Fumarate, Edaravone, Edoxaban, Enoxaparin, Esketamine, Ganciclovir, Glyburide, Levothyroxine, Minocycline, Mirabegron