Keratitis
diseaseOn this page
Also known as cornea inflammationinflammation of cornea
Summary
Keratitis (MONDO:0003085) is a disease (an umbrella term covering 11 Mondo subtypes) with 2 GWAS associations across 13 studies and 37 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include riboflavin, cenegermin, and corticotropin. A subtype of corneal disorder — broader associated-gene and molecular evidence is on the parent page (see Disease family below).
At a glance
- Umbrella term: 11 Mondo subtypes
- GWAS associations: 2
- Clinical trials: 37
Clinical features
No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.
Identifiers
Disease identifiers
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Canonical name | keratitis |
| Mondo ID | MONDO:0003085 |
| EFO | EFO:0009449 |
| MeSH | D007634 |
| DOID | DOID:4677 |
| ICD-10-CM | H16 |
| NCIT | C26805 |
| SNOMED CT | 5888003 |
| UMLS | C0022568 |
| MedGen | 44013 |
| Is cancer (heuristic) | no |
Also known as: cornea inflammation · inflammation of cornea
Data availability: 2 GWAS associations (13 studies).
Disease family
This is a subtype of corneal disorder. Genetic, therapeutic, and trial evidence is largely curated at the broader-term level — see the parent page for the associated-gene cohort and molecular evidence.
Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › disorder of orbital region › eye disorder › corneal disorder › keratitis
Related subtypes (23): cornea plana, pseudopterygium, corneal deposit, Bowman’s membrane folds or rupture, corneal degeneration, corneal staphyloma, corneal argyrosis, corneal ectasia, keratopathy, corneal edema, brittle cornea syndrome, megalocornea, X-linked corneal dermoid, Peters anomaly, pellucid marginal degeneration, keratoconus, corneal dystrophy, sclerocornea, cornea neoplasm, Arnold stickler bourne syndrome, limbal stem cell deficiency, thygeson superficial punctate keratopathy, Terrien marginal degeneration
Subtypes (11): macular keratitis, superficial keratitis, photokeratitis, scleroperikeratitis, filamentary keratitis, corneal ulcer, keratoconjunctivitis, deep keratitis, corneal neovascularization, autosomal dominant keratitis, corneal infection
Genetics & variants
GWAS landscape
2 GWAS associations across 13 studies. Top hits map to 1 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).
Top associations by p-value
| rsID | p-value | Gene | Risk allele | Odds ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs118101482 | 2e-08 | NLRP1 - WSCD1 | ? | |
| rs151278016 | 4e-07 | DCC | ? |
Top studies (by case count)
| Study | Lead author | Year | Cases | Controls | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GCST90477721 | Verma A | 2024 | 9,942 | 425,403 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90477720 | Verma A | 2024 | 3,280 | 113,273 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90481114 | Verma A | 2024 | 3,280 | 113,273 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90473398 | UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium | 2025 | 1,711 | 456,729 | Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90477719 | Verma A | 2024 | 1,702 | 55,611 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90652128 | Liu TY | 2025 | 1,174 | 217,632 | Diversity and longitudinal records: Genetic architecture of disease associations and polygenic risk in the Taiwanese Han population. |
| GCST90079882 | Backman JD | 2021 | 704 | 385,576 | Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90083868 | Backman JD | 2021 | 704 | 385,576 | Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90651524 | Liu TY | 2025 | 599 | 217,632 | Diversity and longitudinal records: Genetic architecture of disease associations and polygenic risk in the Taiwanese Han population. |
| GCST90436003 | Zhou W | 2018 | 297 | 399,306 | Efficiently controlling for case-control imbalance and sample relatedness in large-scale genetic association studies. |
Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers
Tier distribution (top 50 variants)
| Tier | Variants |
|---|---|
| Tier 1: coding | 0 |
| Tier 2: splice/UTR | 0 |
| Tier 3: regulatory | 0 |
| Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | 2 |
MAF distribution
| Bucket | Variants |
|---|---|
| common (>=0.05) | 1 |
| low_freq (0.01-0.05) | 0 |
| rare (<0.01) | 0 |
| unknown | 1 |
Functional consequences
| Consequence | Count |
|---|---|
| intron_variant | 2 |
Top variants
| rsID | Chr | Pos | Alleles | MAF | Consequence | Gene | p-value | Tier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs118101482 | 17 | 5990088 | T>C | 0.05 | intron_variant | NLRP1 - WSCD1 | 2e-08 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs151278016 | 18 | 53372828 | C>A,T | intron_variant | DCC | 4e-07 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
Genes & proteins
No associated-gene cohort resolved for this disease. Atlas builds the molecular and therapeutic sections — associated genes, protein families, druggability, pathways, interactions, and drug associations — by aggregating over a disease’s associated genes (resolved via GWAS / GenCC / ClinVar / CIViC), and none resolved here. This is expected for antibody-mediated, autoimmune, or otherwise non-gene-defined conditions; the curated evidence for this disease is its clinical features, GWAS susceptibility, and clinical trials (above).
Function
No pathway enrichment — requires an associated-gene cohort.
Therapeutics
Drugs indicated for this disease
6 approved, 4 in late-stage (phase 3) trials. Disease-direct ChEMBL indications, not inferred from the associated-gene cohort below.
| Drug | Development status |
|---|---|
| Cenegermin | Approved (phase 4) |
| Cyclosporine | Approved (phase 4) |
| Dexamethasone | Approved (phase 4) |
| Ofloxacin | Approved (phase 4) |
| Prednisolone | Approved (phase 4) |
| Prednisone | Approved (phase 4) |
| Difluprednate | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
| Moxifloxacin | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
| Ozone | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
| Rose Bengal Free Acid | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
Clinical trials & evidence
Clinical trials
Clinical trials: 37.
Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| Not specified | 22 |
| PHASE3 | 7 |
| PHASE4 | 4 |
| PHASE2/PHASE3 | 2 |
| PHASE1/PHASE2 | 1 |
| PHASE2 | 1 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01268306 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Study of the Presence and Extent of Corneal Disturbance Associated With B+L Biotrue MPS Used With B+L PureVision Lenses |
| NCT03237936 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Effect of IKERVIS® Eye Drops Once Daily on the Quality of Vision in Dry Eye Disease Patients With Severe Keratitis |
| NCT04169061 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Impact of Acthar on Everyday Life of Participants With Severe Keratitis |
| NCT04492878 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Efficacy and Safety of Ikervis Under Controlled Environmental Conditions Environment |
| NCT00732446 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Safety/Efficacy of Antibiotic Steroid Combination in Treatment of Blepharitis and/or Keratitis and/or Conjunctivitis |
| NCT01028027 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Loteprednol and Tobramycin Versus Tobramycin and Dexamethasone, in the Treatment of Blepharokeratoconjunctivitis |
| NCT01721694 | PHASE3 | WITHDRAWN | Antibiotic Steroid Combination Compared With Individual Administration in the in the Treatment of Ocular Inflammation and Infection |
| NCT01794312 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Efficacy and Safety Assessment of T4020 Versus Vehicule in Patients With Chronic Neurotrophic Keratitis or Corneal Ulcer |
| NCT02865876 | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Effectiveness of Corneal Accelerated Crosslinking for Infectious Keratitis |
| NCT03436576 | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Efficacy of Two Concentrations of Autologous Serum for the Treatment of Severe Dry Eye |
| NCT05255016 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Safety and Effectiveness of the PXL Platinum 330 System With Riboflavin Solution for Refractory Corneal Ulcers |
| NCT05255107 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Safety and Effectiveness of the PXL Platinum 330 System With Riboflavin Solution for Previously Untreated Corneal Ulcers |
| NCT05689996 | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Ozone-based Eye Drops as Adjuvant Therapy in Microbial Keratitis |
| NCT01756456 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy of rhNGF in Patients With Stage 2 and 3 Neurotrophic Keratitis. |
| NCT05250583 | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | Use of a Biological Lens of Amniotic Membrane (LV-Visio-AMTRIX) in the Treatment of Treatment-Resistant Keratitis |
| NCT05432336 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Complex Ocular Infection, Optimization of Microbiological Diagnosis |
| NCT07316244 | Not specified | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Pattern of Microbial Keratitis in Assiut University Hospital |
| NCT00001648 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Structure of the Herpes Simplex Virus Receptor |
| NCT00001734 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Screening for NEI Clinical Studies |
| NCT00008541 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Evaluation and Treatment of Patients With Corneal and External Diseases |
| NCT00492245 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | Phototherapeutic Keratectomy (PTK) With Mitomycin in Adenoviral Opacities |
| NCT00513734 | Not specified | COMPLETED | A Comparison of Hydrogel Dressings and Ocular Lubricants in the Prevention on Corneal Damage in the Critically Ill |
| NCT00838422 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | Reliability of Pachymetry Measurement With FD-oCT, ORA, Confoscan 4 and Ultrasound |
| NCT00949468 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Microbiological Keratitis in a Countryside City of Brazil |
| NCT01272271 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Safety of Overnight Corneal Reshaping Lenses |
| NCT02116062 | Not specified | TERMINATED | Robotic Surgery of the Ocular Surface |
| NCT02151305 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Different Hemostasis According to the Anesthetic Agents |
| NCT02186431 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Contact Lenses and Infiltrative Keratitis |
| NCT02293876 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Corneal Lesions in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Clinical Trial for Proposing Interventions and Evaluating Outcomes of Nursing in the Adult Intensive Care Center Clinical Trial for Proposing Interventions and Evaluating Outcomes of Nursing in the Adult Intensive Care Center |
| NCT03586505 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Tolerance to Light for Patients Suffering From Keratitis |
| NCT03706443 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Tear Lipid Layer Thickness Changes With Use of Emollient and Non-Emollient Eye Drops |
| NCT04075669 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | Multiplex Strip Polymerase Chain Reaction for Diagnosis of Eye Infection Diseases From Corneal Scraping Samples |
| NCT04420962 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Automated Quantitative Ulcer Analysis Study |
| NCT05183906 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | Evaluation of Next-Generation Sequencing-based Metabarcoding Versus Culturing for Microbiological Assessment in Infectious Keratitis |
| NCT05538793 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Deep Learning for the Discrimination Among Different Types of Keratits: a Nationwide Study |
| NCT06070883 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Efficacy of Mutilayered Fresh Amnoitic Membrane Transplantation in Resistant Fungal Keratitis |
| NCT06229379 | Not specified | COMPLETED | The Effects of a Large Language Model on Clinical Questioning Skills |
Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)
| Molecule | Max phase | Trials referencing |
|---|---|---|
| RIBOFLAVIN | 4 | 2 |
| CENEGERMIN | 4 | 1 |
| CORTICOTROPIN | 4 | 1 |
| LOTEPREDNOL ETABONATE | 4 | 1 |
| MOXIFLOXACIN | 4 | 1 |
| TOBRAMYCIN | 4 | 1 |
| LOTEPREDNOL | 3 | 1 |
| SENOFILCON A | 3 | 1 |
| CHEMBL511565 | 0 | 2 |
| CHEMBL5267279 | 0 | 2 |
| CHEMBL1823688 | 0 | 1 |