Lead poisoning

Summary

Lead poisoning (MONDO:0018019) is a disease and 25 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include succimer, acetic acid, and ferrous fumarate. A subtype of poisoning — broader associated-gene and molecular evidence is on the parent page (see Disease family below).

At a glance

• Prevalence: 1-9 / 100 000 (Europe) [Orphanet-validated]
• Phenotypes (HPO): 62
• Clinical trials: 25

Clinical features

Epidemiology

Prevalence records

2 prevalence record(s), Orphanet:

Type	Class	Value	Geography	Validation
Point prevalence	1-9 / 100 000	2.3	Europe	Validated
Point prevalence	1-9 / 1 000 000	0.68	France	Validated

Signs & symptoms

Clinical features (HPO)

62 HPO clinical features (Orphanet curated; top 50 by frequency):

HPO ID	Term	Frequency
HP:0000822	Hypertension	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0002013	Vomiting	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0002018	Nausea	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0002019	Constipation	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0002027	Abdominal pain	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0002039	Anorexia	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0003270	Abdominal distention	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0012378	Fatigue	Frequent (30-79%)
HP:0000124	Renal tubular dysfunction	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0000684	Delayed eruption of teeth	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0000708	Atypical behavior	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0000716	Depression	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0000988	Skin rash	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0001328	Specific learning disability	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0001518	Small for gestational age	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0001622	Premature birth	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0001903	Anemia	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0002315	Headache	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0002354	Memory impairment	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0002460	Distal muscle weakness	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0002715	Abnormality of the immune system	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0002795	Abnormal respiratory system physiology	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0005268	Spontaneous abortion	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0005560	Imbalanced hemoglobin synthesis	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0007010	Poor fine motor coordination	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0007015	Poor gross motor coordination	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0007018	Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0031058	Impairment of activities of daily living	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0032155	Abdominal cramps	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0100511	Abnormality of vitamin D metabolism	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0100512	Low levels of vitamin D	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0100543	Cognitive impairment	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0100602	Preeclampsia	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0100785	Insomnia	Occasional (5-29%)
HP:0000140	Abnormality of the menstrual cycle	Very rare (<1-4%)
HP:0000789	Infertility	Very rare (<1-4%)
HP:0000798	Oligozoospermia	Very rare (<1-4%)
HP:0000823	Delayed puberty	Very rare (<1-4%)
HP:0001249	Intellectual disability	Very rare (<1-4%)
HP:0001250	Seizure	Very rare (<1-4%)
HP:0001259	Coma	Very rare (<1-4%)
HP:0001298	Encephalopathy	Very rare (<1-4%)
HP:0001970	Tubulointerstitial nephritis	Very rare (<1-4%)
HP:0002099	Asthma	Very rare (<1-4%)
HP:0002270	Abnormality of the autonomic nervous system	Very rare (<1-4%)
HP:0002750	Delayed skeletal maturation	Very rare (<1-4%)
HP:0002843	Abnormal T cell morphology	Very rare (<1-4%)
HP:0003141	Increased LDL cholesterol concentration	Very rare (<1-4%)
HP:0003212	Increased circulating IgE level	Very rare (<1-4%)
HP:0003233	Decreased HDL cholesterol concentration	Very rare (<1-4%)

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

Field	Value
Canonical name	lead poisoning
Mondo ID	MONDO:0018019
MeSH	D007855
Orphanet	330015
SNOMED CT	38342005
GARD	0021503
Is cancer (heuristic)	no

Also known as: Lead intoxication · plumbism · saturnism

Disease family

This is a subtype of poisoning. Genetic, therapeutic, and trial evidence is largely curated at the broader-term level — see the parent page for the associated-gene cohort and molecular evidence.

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by etiologic mechanism › disease of primarily extrinsic mechanism › poisoning › lead poisoning

Related subtypes (58): toxic oil syndrome, infantile mercury poisoning, ketamine-induced biliary dilatation, manganese poisoning, cyanide-induced parkinsonism, colchicine poisoning, methanol poisoning, ethylene glycol poisoning, paraquat poisoning, mercury poisoning, acute opioid poisoning, acute tricyclic antidepressant poisoning, acute poisoning by drugs with membrane-stabilizing effect, snakebite envenomation, paracetamol poisoning, cyanide poisoning, scorpion envenomation, argyria, acute ackee fruit intoxication, cocaine intoxication, systemic monochloroacetate poisoning, water intoxication, cassavism, formaldehyde poisoning, heavy metal poisoning, abacavir toxicity, allopurinol toxicity, codeine toxicity, efavirenz toxicity, flucloxacilline toxicity, isoniazid toxicity, raltegravir toxicity, voriconazole toxicity, curariform drugs toxicity, statin toxicity, phenytoin or carbamazepine toxicity, letrozole toxicity, ricin poisoning, ivermectin toxicity, belinostat toxicity or dose selection, toxicity to dolutegravir, mycotoxicosis, ciguatera fish poisoning, lathyrism, cadmium poisoning, phenytoin toxicity, nerve agent poisoning, local anesthetic poisoning, fire ant poisoning, aflatoxicosis, black widow spider envenomation, platinum-induced ototoxicity, carbon monoxide poisoning, organophosphate poisoning, sulfur mustard poisoning, cardiac glycoside intoxication, monochloroacetic acid poisoning, chemotherapy-induced toxicity

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

No GWAS associations recorded — common-variant (GWAS) studies don’t cover this disease (typical for Mendelian / rare diseases). See the curated gene cohort and Mendelian overlap below.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

No tiered GWAS variants or ClinVar records for this disease.

Genes & proteins

No associated-gene cohort resolved for this disease. Atlas builds the molecular and therapeutic sections — associated genes, protein families, druggability, pathways, interactions, and drug associations — by aggregating over a disease’s associated genes (resolved via GWAS / GenCC / ClinVar / CIViC), and none resolved here. This is expected for antibody-mediated, autoimmune, or otherwise non-gene-defined conditions; the curated evidence for this disease is its clinical features, GWAS susceptibility, and clinical trials (above).

Function

No pathway enrichment — requires an associated-gene cohort.

Therapeutics

No druggable-target or therapeutic data for this disease’s cohort.

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 25.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

Phase	Trials
Not specified	23
PHASE4	1
PHASE2/PHASE3	1

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00931905	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Homeopathic Preparation Plumbum Metallicum for Lead Poisoning
NCT00552630	PHASE2/PHASE3	WITHDRAWN	Penicillamine Chelation for Children With Lead Poisoning
NCT00000104	Not specified	COMPLETED	Does Lead Burden Alter Neuropsychological Development?
NCT00004838	Not specified	COMPLETED	Randomized Study of Succimer (Dimercaptosuccinic Acid) on Growth of Lead-Poisoned Children
NCT00011661	Not specified	COMPLETED	Social Network Based Intervention to Reduce Lead Exposure Among Native American Children
NCT00011674	Not specified	COMPLETED	Early Exposure to Lead and Adolescent Development
NCT00011726	Not specified	COMPLETED	Lead Mobilization & Bone Turnover in Pregnancy/Lactation
NCT00012480	Not specified	COMPLETED	Effect of Environmental Exposures on the Egg Fertilizing Ability of Human Sperm
NCT00013819	Not specified	COMPLETED	Exposure, Dose, Body Burden and Health Effects of Lead
NCT00013858	Not specified	COMPLETED	Environmental Contaminants and Infant Development
NCT00014885	Not specified	COMPLETED	Bone Lead Levels and College Achievement Scores
NCT00023101	Not specified	COMPLETED	Lead, Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Outcomes
NCT00285610	Not specified	COMPLETED	Early Exposure to Lead and Adult Antisocial Outcomes
NCT00374894	Not specified	COMPLETED	The Combined Effect of 2,3-Dimercaptosuccinic Acid and Multi-Nutrients on Children in Lead Poisoning
NCT00926406	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Environmental Exposure to Lead and Its Health Effects on Patients With Maintenance Hemodialysis
NCT01573013	Not specified	COMPLETED	Iron Fortification Trail Using NaFeEDTA in Iron Deficient Lead-exposed Children
NCT01739166	Not specified	COMPLETED	QI Study of a Practice Facilitator’s Impact in Working With Clinics on Improving Dental, Lead & Obesity Measures for Children
NCT02301520	Not specified	COMPLETED	Vitamin D, Iodine, and Lead Levels in Haitian Infants and Children.
NCT02346188	Not specified	COMPLETED	Effects of Iron and/or Zinc Supplementation in Mexican School Children Exposed to Lead
NCT03256383	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Plan for Testing Fingerstick Bloods on Magellan Systems
NCT03408275	Not specified	COMPLETED	Dietry Pattern and Lead Levels in Pregnancy
NCT04498845	Not specified	TERMINATED	RECLEAN Pilot Study
NCT05265572	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Evaluation of the Impact of a Personal and Domestic Hygiene Intervention on Lead Exposure in a Community Close to a Mine Dump
NCT05744752	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Effects of Allium Sativum and Moringa Oleifera Extract on Dental Enamel
NCT05950386	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Effects of Lead Exposure on Ferroptosis Pathway

Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Trials referencing
SUCCIMER	4	2
ACETIC ACID	4	1
FERROUS FUMARATE	4	1
PENICILLAMINE	4	1
ZINC OXIDE	4	1
GARLIC	3	1
CHEMBL28721	0	1