Left ventricular noncompaction

disease
On this page

Also known as left ventricular hypertrabeculationleft ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathyleft ventricular non-compaction syndromeleft ventricular noncompaction (disease)Lv non-compaction syndromeLVNCspongy myocardium

Summary

Left ventricular noncompaction (MONDO:0018901) is a disease (an umbrella term covering 13 Mondo subtypes) with 29 cohort genes and 7 clinical trials. The dominant Reactome pathway is Striated Muscle Contraction (6 cohort genes).

At a glance

  • Umbrella term: 13 Mondo subtypes
  • Cohort genes: 29
  • ClinVar variants: 53
  • Clinical trials: 7

Clinical features

No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

FieldValue
Canonical nameleft ventricular noncompaction
Mondo IDMONDO:0018901
OMIM604169
Orphanet54260
DOIDDOID:0060480
NCITC99544
UMLSC1960469
MedGen450531
GARD0010985
Is cancer (heuristic)no

Also known as: left ventricular hypertrabeculation · left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy · left ventricular non-compaction syndrome · left ventricular noncompaction (disease) · Lv non-compaction syndrome · LVNC · spongy myocardium

Data availability: 53 ClinVar variants · 9 GenCC gene-disease records · 37 cell lines.

Disease family

An umbrella term covering 13 Mondo subtypes.

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › musculoskeletal system disordermuscle tissue disordercardiomyopathyintrinsic cardiomyopathyleft ventricular noncompaction

Related subtypes (5): myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

Subtypes (13): dilated cardiomyopathy 1C, dilated cardiomyopathy 1D, left ventricular noncompaction 1, left ventricular noncompaction 2, dilated cardiomyopathy 1Y, dilated cardiomyopathy 1R, dilated cardiomyopathy 1S, left ventricular noncompaction 7, left ventricular noncompaction 8, left ventricular noncompaction 10, left ventricular noncompaction 9, left ventricular noncompaction 4, left ventricular noncompaction 5

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

No GWAS associations recorded — common-variant (GWAS) studies don’t cover this disease (typical for Mendelian / rare diseases). See the curated gene cohort and Mendelian overlap below.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

ClinVar germline variants

53 retrieved; paginated sample, class counts are floors:

22 uncertain significance, 17 conflicting classifications of pathogenicity, 5 pathogenic, 4 pathogenic/likely pathogenic, 2 likely pathogenic, 1 benign/likely benign, 1 likely benign, 1 benign

ClinVarVariant (HGVS)GeneClassificationReview
4075274NM_001103.4(ACTN2):c.210dup (p.Lys71Ter)ACTN2Pathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
36473NM_170707.4(LMNA):c.1003C>T (p.Arg335Trp)LMNAPathogenic/Likely pathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
208631NM_005932.4(MIPEP):c.1804G>T (p.Glu602Ter)MIPEPPathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
164021NC_000011.10:g.47332110delMYBPC3Pathogenic/Likely pathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
177698NM_000256.3(MYBPC3):c.1038_1042dupCGGCAMYBPC3Pathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
14127NM_000257.4(MYH7):c.732+1G>AMYH7Pathogenic/Likely pathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
181327NM_000257.4(MYH7):c.842G>C (p.Arg281Thr)MYH7Pathogenic/Likely pathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
454395NM_000257.4(MYH7):c.732+2T>GMYH7Pathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
208634GRCh37/hg19 13q12.12(chr13:23519916-24941516)x1PCOTHPathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
164378NM_000257.4(MYH7):c.1157A>G (p.Tyr386Cys)MYH7Likely pathogenicreviewed by expert panel
42822NM_000257.4(MYH7):c.1106G>A (p.Arg369Gln)MYH7Likely pathogenicreviewed by expert panel
45190NM_005159.5(ACTC1):c.806T>C (p.Ile269Thr)GJD2-DTConflicting classifications of pathogenicitycriteria provided, conflicting classifications
468745NM_002230.4(JUP):c.1507G>A (p.Gly503Ser)JUPConflicting classifications of pathogenicitycriteria provided, conflicting classifications
3112773NM_012330.4(KAT6B):c.5293C>A (p.Gln1765Lys)KAT6BConflicting classifications of pathogenicitycriteria provided, conflicting classifications
1359014NM_003482.4(KMT2D):c.11671G>A (p.Ala3891Thr)KMT2DConflicting classifications of pathogenicitycriteria provided, conflicting classifications
194753NM_006059.4(LAMC3):c.2891-8C>TLAMC3Conflicting classifications of pathogenicitycriteria provided, conflicting classifications
194958NM_006059.4(LAMC3):c.3250G>C (p.Glu1084Gln)LAMC3Conflicting classifications of pathogenicitycriteria provided, conflicting classifications
194959NM_006059.4(LAMC3):c.3379G>A (p.Glu1127Lys)LAMC3Conflicting classifications of pathogenicitycriteria provided, conflicting classifications
208630NM_005932.4(MIPEP):c.916C>T (p.Leu306Phe)MIPEPConflicting classifications of pathogenicitycriteria provided, conflicting classifications
208632NM_005932.4(MIPEP):c.1027A>G (p.Lys343Glu)MIPEPConflicting classifications of pathogenicitycriteria provided, conflicting classifications
208633NM_005932.4(MIPEP):c.1534C>G (p.His512Asp)MIPEPConflicting classifications of pathogenicitycriteria provided, conflicting classifications
407331NM_000256.3(MYBPC3):c.2217G>A (p.Glu739=)MYBPC3Conflicting classifications of pathogenicitycriteria provided, conflicting classifications
164264NM_000257.4(MYH7):c.5690G>A (p.Arg1897His)MYH7Conflicting classifications of pathogenicitycriteria provided, conflicting classifications
164299NM_000257.4(MYH7):c.3748C>T (p.Arg1250Trp)MYH7Conflicting classifications of pathogenicitycriteria provided, conflicting classifications
179201NM_000257.4(MYH7):c.4156C>T (p.Leu1386Phe)MYH7Conflicting classifications of pathogenicitycriteria provided, conflicting classifications
403313NM_001005242.3(PKP2):c.2302G>A (p.Asp768Asn)PKP2Conflicting classifications of pathogenicitycriteria provided, conflicting classifications
165128NM_001035.3(RYR2):c.13291G>A (p.Glu4431Lys)RYR2Conflicting classifications of pathogenicitycriteria provided, conflicting classifications
511503NM_001267550.2(TTN):c.92151T>C (p.Tyr30717=)TTN-AS1Conflicting classifications of pathogenicitycriteria provided, conflicting classifications
520516NM_014391.3(ANKRD1):c.806G>A (p.Arg269Gln)ANKRD1Uncertain significancecriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
642389NM_004415.4(DSP):c.2894T>C (p.Leu965Pro)DSPUncertain significancecriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Genes & proteins

Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers

GenCC: 65 · Orphanet: 105 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0

GenCC gene–disease validity (cohort genes)

the Disease column is the GenCC-asserted condition — a cohort gene’s strongest validity may be for a related predisposition syndrome.

GeneClassificationInheritanceDiseaseRecords
PKP2DefinitiveAutosomal dominantarrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia 96
MIB1ModerateAutosomal dominantleft ventricular noncompaction 75
PRDM16ModerateAutosomal dominantleft ventricular noncompaction 86
MYH7SupportiveAutosomal dominantleft ventricular noncompaction20
MYH7BSupportiveAutosomal dominantleft ventricular noncompaction
TNNT2SupportiveAutosomal dominantleft ventricular noncompaction12
TPM1SupportiveAutosomal dominantleft ventricular noncompaction6
BMP10LimitedAutosomal dominantleft ventricular noncompaction4
SYNE2LimitedAutosomal dominantleft ventricular noncompaction5

Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)

GeneOrphanet IDRare disease
TNNT2Orphanet:154Familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy
TNNT2Orphanet:54260Left ventricular noncompaction
TNNT2Orphanet:75249Familial isolated restrictive cardiomyopathy
TPM1Orphanet:154Familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy
TPM1Orphanet:54260Left ventricular noncompaction
MYH7BOrphanet:54260Left ventricular noncompaction
MYH7Orphanet:154Familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy
MYH7Orphanet:1880Ebstein malformation of the tricuspid valve
MYH7Orphanet:324604Classic multiminicore myopathy
MYH7Orphanet:54260Left ventricular noncompaction
MYH7Orphanet:59135Laing distal myopathy
MYH7Orphanet:636965Autosomal dominant myosin storage myopathy
MYH7Orphanet:636970Autosomal recessive myosin storage myopathy
PKP2Orphanet:130Brugada syndrome
PKP2Orphanet:293888Inherited isolated arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, dominant-left variant
PKP2Orphanet:293899Inherited isolated arrhythmogenic ventricular dysplasia, biventricular variant
PKP2Orphanet:293910Inherited isolated arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, dominant-right variant
PKP2Orphanet:54260Left ventricular noncompaction
PRDM16Orphanet:154Familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy
PRDM16Orphanet:16061p36 deletion syndrome
PRDM16Orphanet:54260Left ventricular noncompaction
SYNE2Orphanet:98853Autosomal dominant Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy
MIB1Orphanet:54260Left ventricular noncompaction
RYR2Orphanet:293888Inherited isolated arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, dominant-left variant
RYR2Orphanet:293899Inherited isolated arrhythmogenic ventricular dysplasia, biventricular variant
RYR2Orphanet:293910Inherited isolated arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, dominant-right variant
RYR2Orphanet:3286Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
TAFAZZINOrphanet:111Barth syndrome
TAFAZZINOrphanet:154Familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy
TBX20Orphanet:54260Left ventricular noncompaction
TBX20Orphanet:99103Atrial septal defect, ostium secundum type
TTNOrphanet:140922Titin-related limb-girdle muscular dystrophy R10
TTNOrphanet:154Familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy
TTNOrphanet:169186Autosomal recessive centronuclear myopathy
TTNOrphanet:178464Hereditary myopathy with early respiratory failure
TTNOrphanet:289377Early-onset myopathy with fatal cardiomyopathy
TTNOrphanet:293888Inherited isolated arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, dominant-left variant
TTNOrphanet:293899Inherited isolated arrhythmogenic ventricular dysplasia, biventricular variant
TTNOrphanet:293910Inherited isolated arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, dominant-right variant
TTNOrphanet:324604Classic multiminicore myopathy
TTNOrphanet:334Hereditary atrial fibrillation
TTNOrphanet:466921Childhood-onset progressive contractures-limb-girdle weakness-muscle dystrophy syndrome
TTNOrphanet:609Tibial muscular dystrophy
TTNOrphanet:707983Early-onset autosomal recessive TTN-related distal myopathy
ANKRD1Orphanet:154Familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy
ACTN2Orphanet:154Familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy
ACTN2Orphanet:708129Autosomal recessive ACTN2-related distal myopathy
ACTN2Orphanet:708133Autosomal dominant ACTN2-related distal myopathy
HCN4Orphanet:130Brugada syndrome
HCN4Orphanet:166282Hereditary sick sinus syndrome

Cohort genes → proteins

29 cohort genes, 27 distinct canonical proteins.

Evidence partition

SubsetGenes
multi_evidence29

Cohort genes (full)

SymbolHGNCEnsemblUniProtNameEvidence
TNNT2HGNC:11949ENSG00000118194P45379Troponin T, cardiac musclegencc,clinvar
TPM1HGNC:12010ENSG00000140416P09493Tropomyosin alpha-1 chaingencc,clinvar
MYH7BHGNC:15906ENSG00000078814A7E2Y1Myosin-7Bgencc,clinvar
MYH7HGNC:7577ENSG00000092054P12883Myosin-7gencc,clinvar
PKP2HGNC:9024ENSG00000057294Q99959Plakophilin-2gencc,clinvar
PRDM16HGNC:14000ENSG00000142611Q9HAZ2Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase PRDM16gencc
SYNE2HGNC:17084ENSG00000054654Q8WXH0Nesprin-2gencc
BMP10HGNC:20869ENSG00000163217O95393Bone morphogenetic protein 10gencc
MIB1HGNC:21086ENSG00000101752Q86YT6E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MIB1gencc
RYR2HGNC:10484ENSG00000198626Q92736Ryanodine receptor 2clinvar
TAFAZZINHGNC:11577ENSG00000102125Q16635Tafazzinclinvar
TBX20HGNC:11598ENSG00000164532Q9UMR3T-box transcription factor TBX20clinvar
TTNHGNC:12403ENSG00000155657Q8WZ42Titinclinvar
ANKRD1HGNC:15819ENSG00000148677Q15327Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 1clinvar
ACTN2HGNC:164ENSG00000077522P35609Alpha-actinin-2clinvar
HCN4HGNC:16882ENSG00000138622Q9Y3Q4Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4clinvar
KAT6BHGNC:17582ENSG00000156650Q8WYB5Histone acetyltransferase KAT6Bclinvar
DSPHGNC:3052ENSG00000096696P15924Desmoplakinclinvar
PCOTHHGNC:39839ENSG00000205861Q58A44Prostate collagen triple helix proteinclinvar
TTN-AS1HGNC:44124ENSG00000237298TTN antisense RNA 1clinvar
GJD2-DTHGNC:55560ENSG00000250007GJD2 divergent transcriptclinvar
JUPHGNC:6207ENSG00000173801P14923Junction plakoglobinclinvar
LAMC3HGNC:6494ENSG00000050555Q9Y6N6Laminin subunit gamma-3clinvar
LMNAHGNC:6636ENSG00000160789P02545Prelamin-A/Cclinvar
MIPEPHGNC:7104ENSG00000027001Q99797Mitochondrial intermediate peptidaseclinvar
KMT2DHGNC:7133ENSG00000167548O14686Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2Dclinvar
MYBPC3HGNC:7551ENSG00000134571Q14896Myosin-binding protein C, cardiac-typeclinvar
MYH6HGNC:7576ENSG00000197616P13533Myosin-6clinvar
PDGFRBHGNC:8804ENSG00000113721P09619Platelet-derived growth factor receptor betaclinvar

Cohort function summary

Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.

SymbolProtein nameFunction (lead sentence)
TNNT2Troponin T, cardiac muscleTroponin T is the tropomyosin-binding subunit of troponin, the thin filament regulatory complex which confers calcium-sensitivity to striated muscle actomyosin ATPase activity.
TPM1Tropomyosin alpha-1 chainBinds to actin filaments in muscle and non-muscle cells.
MYH7BMyosin-7BInvolved in muscle contraction.
MYH7Myosin-7Myosins are actin-based motor molecules with ATPase activity essential for muscle contraction.
PKP2Plakophilin-2A component of desmosome cell-cell junctions which are required for positive regulation of cellular adhesion.
PRDM16Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase PRDM16Transcription regulator that acts both as a histone methyltransferase or chromatin adapter, depending on the context.
SYNE2Nesprin-2Multi-isomeric modular protein which forms a linking network between organelles and the actin cytoskeleton to maintain the subcellular spatial organization.
BMP10Bone morphogenetic protein 10Required for maintaining the proliferative activity of embryonic cardiomyocytes by preventing premature activation of the negative cell cycle regulator CDKN1C/p57KIP and maintaining the required expression levels of cardiogenic factors suc…
MIB1E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MIB1E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination of Delta receptors, which act as ligands of Notch proteins.
RYR2Ryanodine receptor 2Cytosolic calcium-activated calcium channel that mediates the release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cytosol and thereby plays a key role in triggering cardiac muscle contraction.
TAFAZZINTafazzinAcyltransferase required to remodel newly synthesized phospholipid cardiolipin (1’,3’-bis-[1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho]-glycerol or CL), a key component of the mitochondrial inner membrane, with tissue specific acyl chains necessary fo…
TBX20T-box transcription factor TBX20Acts as a transcriptional activator and repressor required for cardiac development and may have key roles in the maintenance of functional and structural phenotypes in adult heart.
TTNTitinKey component in the assembly and functioning of vertebrate striated muscles.
ANKRD1Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 1May play an important role in endothelial cell activation.
ACTN2Alpha-actinin-2F-actin cross-linking protein which is thought to anchor actin to a variety of intracellular structures.
HCN4Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4Hyperpolarization-activated ion channel that are permeable to Na(+) and K(+) ions with very slow activation and inactivation.
KAT6BHistone acetyltransferase KAT6BHistone acetyltransferase which may be involved in both positive and negative regulation of transcription.
DSPDesmoplakinA component of desmosome cell-cell junctions which are required for positive regulation of cellular adhesion.
PCOTHProstate collagen triple helix proteinMay be involved in growth and survival of prostate cancer cells through the TAF-Ibeta pathway.
JUPJunction plakoglobinCommon junctional plaque protein.
LAMC3Laminin subunit gamma-3Binding to cells via a high affinity receptor, laminin is thought to mediate the attachment, migration and organization of cells into tissues during embryonic development by interacting with other extracellular matrix components.
LMNAPrelamin-A/CLamins are intermediate filament proteins that assemble into a filamentous meshwork, and which constitute the major components of the nuclear lamina, a fibrous layer on the nucleoplasmic side of the inner nuclear membrane.
MIPEPMitochondrial intermediate peptidaseCleaves proteins, imported into the mitochondrion, to their mature size.
KMT2DHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2DHistone methyltransferase that catalyzes methyl group transfer from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the epsilon-amino group of ‘Lys-4’ of histone H3 (H3K4).
MYBPC3Myosin-binding protein C, cardiac-typeThick filament-associated protein located in the crossbridge region of vertebrate striated muscle a bands.
MYH6Myosin-6Muscle contraction.
PDGFRBPlatelet-derived growth factor receptor betaTyrosine-protein kinase that acts as a cell-surface receptor for homodimeric PDGFB and PDGFD and for heterodimers formed by PDGFA and PDGFB, and plays an essential role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, surviv…

Protein-family classification

Druggable: 5 · Difficult: 10 · Unknown: 14 · Druggable fraction: 0.17

Family distribution

Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.

FamilyGenesFoldFDR
Ion channel27.7×0.083
Scaffold/PPI53.0×0.083
Kinase21.9×0.422
Transcription factor51.4×0.422
Antibody/Immunoglobulin11.0×0.764
Other/Unknown140.9×0.843

Per-gene assignment

SymbolFamilyDruggable?ECInterPro (top 3)
TNNT2Other/UnknownnoTroponin, TNNT, Troponin_sf
TPM1Other/UnknownnoTropomyosin
MYH7BScaffold/PPInoMyosin_head_motor_dom-like, Myosin_tail, SH3_Myosin
MYH7Scaffold/PPInoIQ_motif_EF-hand-BS, Myosin_head_motor_dom-like, Myosin_tail
PKP2Other/UnknownnoArmadillo, ARM-like, ARM-type_fold
PRDM16Transcription factorno2.1.1.367SET_dom, Znf_C2H2_type, Znf_C2H2_sf
SYNE2Other/UnknownnoActinin_actin-bd_CS, CH_dom, Spectrin_repeat
BMP10Other/UnknownnoTGF-b_propeptide, TGF-b_C, TGF-beta-like
MIB1Transcription factornoZnf_ZZ, Znf_RING, Ankyrin_rpt
RYR2Ion channelyesRIH_dom, B30.2/SPRY, EF_hand_dom
TAFAZZINOther/UnknownnoTafazzin, Plipid/glycerol_acylTrfase
TBX20Transcription factornoTF_T-box, p53-like_TF_DNA-bd_sf, TF_T-box_CS
TTNKinaseyes2.7.11.1Prot_kinase_dom, Ig_sub2, Ig_sub
ANKRD1Scaffold/PPInoAnkyrin_rpt, Ankyrin_rpt-contain_sf
ACTN2Other/UnknownnoActinin_actin-bd_CS, CH_dom, Spectrin_repeat
HCN4Ion channelyescNMP-bd_dom, K_chnl_volt-dep_EAG/ELK/ERG, Ion_trans_dom
KAT6BTranscription factorno2.3.1.48Znf_PHD, HAT_MYST-type, Histone_H1/H5_H15
DSPScaffold/PPInoPlectin_repeat, SH3_domain, Spectrin/alpha-actinin
PCOTHOther/Unknownno
TTN-AS1Other/Unknownno
GJD2-DTOther/Unknownno
JUPOther/UnknownnoArmadillo, ARM-like, Beta-catenin
LAMC3Other/UnknownnoLaminin_IV, EGF, LE_dom
LMNAOther/UnknownnoLamin_tail_dom, IF_conserved, Lamin_tail_dom_sf
MIPEPOther/UnknownnoPept_M3A_M3B_dom, Neurolysin/TOP_dom2, MetalloPept_cat_dom_sf
KMT2DTranscription factornoSET_dom, Znf_RING, Znf_PHD
MYBPC3Antibody/ImmunoglobulinyesIg_sub2, Ig_sub, FN3_dom
MYH6Scaffold/PPInoMyosin_head_motor_dom-like, Myosin_tail, SH3_Myosin
PDGFRBKinaseyes2.7.10.1Prot_kinase_dom, Ser-Thr/Tyr_kinase_cat_dom, Tyr_kinase_rcpt_3_CS

Expression context

Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.

24 cohort genes are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.

Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)

BucketGenes
narrow (1-5 tissues)0
moderate (6-20)0
broad (>20)29
unknown0

Top tissues across cohort

TissueCohort genes
apex of heart9
right atrium auricular region9
cardiac atrium8
hindlimb stylopod muscle4
skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii4
heart right ventricle3
left ventricle myocardium3
sural nerve3
myocardium2
heart left ventricle2
ventricular zone2
cardiac muscle of right atrium2
lower esophagus mucosa2
skin of abdomen2
endocervix2
ascending aorta1
pigmented layer of retina1
ganglionic eminence1
corpus epididymis1
kidney epithelium1

Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)

SymbolBgee breadthFANTOM5 breadthSCXATop tissues
TNNT2154broadmarkerapex of heart, right atrium auricular region, cardiac atrium
TPM1305ubiquitousmarkerleft ventricle myocardium, heart right ventricle, myocardium
MYH7B195broadyesapex of heart, hindlimb stylopod muscle, heart left ventricle
MYH7167tissue_specificmarkerapex of heart, hindlimb stylopod muscle, skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii
PKP2237ubiquitousmarkerheart right ventricle, apex of heart, left ventricle myocardium
PRDM16202broadmarkersural nerve, pigmented layer of retina, ascending aorta
SYNE2284ubiquitousmarkerventricular zone, skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii, ganglionic eminence
BMP1090tissue_specificmarkercardiac muscle of right atrium, right atrium auricular region, cardiac atrium
MIB1262ubiquitousmarkercorpus epididymis, kidney epithelium, tibia
RYR2210broadmarkerheart right ventricle, left ventricle myocardium, myocardium
TAFAZZIN238ubiquitousmarkerapex of heart, granulocyte, lower esophagus mucosa
TBX2052broadmarkerright atrium auricular region, cardiac atrium, heart
TTN223broadmarkerbiceps brachii, gluteal muscle, skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii
ANKRD1155ubiquitousmarkerapex of heart, right atrium auricular region, cardiac atrium
ACTN2226broadmarkerskeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis, skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii, hindlimb stylopod muscle
HCN486tissue_specificyestibialis anterior, right atrium auricular region, cardiac atrium
KAT6B140ubiquitousyescortical plate, ventricular zone, sural nerve
DSP253ubiquitousmarkerskin of hip, upper leg skin, hair follicle
PCOTH170broadmarkerright testis, left testis, male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis
TTN-AS1174ubiquitousmarkerhindlimb stylopod muscle, gastrocnemius, right atrium auricular region
GJD2-DT114yesright atrium auricular region, apex of heart, heart left ventricle
JUP287ubiquitousmarkerlower esophagus mucosa, skin of leg, skin of abdomen
LAMC3184broadmarkerendocervix, metanephros cortex, right lung
LMNA295ubiquitousmarkernipple, mucosa of stomach, skin of abdomen
MIPEP248ubiquitousmarkerright atrium auricular region, apex of heart, cardiac atrium
KMT2D272ubiquitousmarkerbuccal mucosa cell, medial globus pallidus, sural nerve
MYBPC3149tissue_specificmarkerapex of heart, right atrium auricular region, cardiac atrium
MYH6154tissue_specificyescardiac muscle of right atrium, cardiac atrium, vena cava
PDGFRB270ubiquitousmarkerstromal cell of endometrium, right coronary artery, endocervix

Protein interactions among cohort

Intra-cohort edges: 32.

Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)

SymbolInteractor count
LMNA7,173
PDGFRB5,111
JUP4,618
TTN4,237
TPM13,514
KMT2D3,223
MYH63,119
DSP2,897
ACTN22,781
MYH72,744

Intra-cohort edges

ABSources
ACTN2MYH6biogrid_interaction, string_interaction
ACTN2MYH7biogrid_interaction, string_interaction
ACTN2TNNT2string_interaction
ACTN2TPM1biogrid_interaction, string_interaction
ACTN2TTNstring_interaction
ANKRD1TTNbiogrid_interaction, string_interaction
BMP10MYH6string_interaction
BMP10MYH7string_interaction
DSPJUPintact, string_interaction
DSPPKP2string_interaction
JUPLMNAstring_interaction
JUPPKP2string_interaction
JUPRYR2string_interaction
LMNAPKP2string_interaction
LMNASYNE2string_interaction
MYBPC3MYH6string_interaction
MYBPC3MYH7intact, string_interaction
MYBPC3TNNT2string_interaction
MYBPC3TPM1string_interaction
MYBPC3TTNstring_interaction
MYH6TBX20string_interaction
MYH6TNNT2string_interaction
MYH6TTNstring_interaction
MYH7TNNT2string_interaction
MYH7TPM1string_interaction
MYH7TTNstring_interaction
MYH7BTPM1biogrid_interaction
PKP2RYR2string_interaction
TAFAZZINTNNT2string_interaction
TBX20TNNT2string_interaction
TNNT2TPM1string_interaction
TPM1TTNstring_interaction

Structural data

PDB: 19 · AlphaFold-only: 8 · No structure: 2

Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)

SymbolUniProtPDB entries
TTNQ8WZ4264
MYH7P1288343
LMNAP0254528
RYR2Q9273626
TNNT2P4537925
MYBPC3Q1489617
ACTN2P3560916
TPM1P0949314
KMT2DO1468611
BMP10O953938
HCN4Q9Y3Q48
PDGFRBP096198
MIB1Q86YT66
DSPP159244
SYNE2Q8WXH03
KAT6BQ8WYB53
PRDM16Q9HAZ22
PKP2Q999591
JUPP149231

AlphaFold-only cohort genes (top 30 by pLDDT)

SymbolUniProtpLDDT
TAFAZZINQ1663594.87
MIPEPQ9979790.33
ANKRD1Q1532782.64
PCOTHQ58A4478.90
LAMC3Q9Y6N675.23
MYH6P1353374.91
MYH7BA7E2Y173.79
TBX20Q9UMR367.87

Function

Pathway analysis

Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 138. Enrichment computed across 29 evidence-associated genes (23 with Reactome annotation).

Pathways by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 23 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

PathwayCohort genesFoldFDRSample cohort genes
Striated Muscle Contraction680.5×1e-08TNNT2, TPM1, TTN, ACTN2, MYBPC3, MYH6
Muscle contraction413.4×0.014RYR2, ACTN2, MYBPC3, MYH6
Formation of the cornified envelope311.5×0.099PKP2, DSP, JUP
Breakdown of the nuclear lamina1165.5×0.157LMNA
HCN channels1124.1×0.157HCN4
Loss of Function of KMT2D in MLL4 Complex Formation in Kabuki Syndrome199.3×0.157KMT2D
Acyl chain remodeling of CL182.8×0.157TAFAZZIN
CDH11 homotypic and heterotypic interactions170.9×0.157JUP
Regulation of CDH19 Expression and Function162.1×0.157JUP
Signaling by NOTCH1 HD Domain Mutants in Cancer155.2×0.157MIB1
Apoptotic cleavage of cell adhesion proteins145.1×0.157DSP
Regulation of CDH11 function145.1×0.157JUP
Regulation of CDH1 Function141.4×0.157JUP
CREB1 phosphorylation through NMDA receptor-mediated activation of RAS signaling138.2×0.157ACTN2
Constitutive Signaling by NOTCH1 HD Domain Mutants133.1×0.157MIB1
Depolymerization of the Nuclear Lamina133.1×0.157LMNA
Signaling by NOTCH2131.0×0.157MIB1
Initiation of Nuclear Envelope (NE) Reformation126.1×0.157LMNA
MET promotes cell motility126.1×0.157LAMC3
Ras activation upon Ca2+ influx through NMDA receptor124.8×0.157ACTN2
Unblocking of NMDA receptors, glutamate binding and activation123.6×0.157ACTN2
Negative regulation of NMDA receptor-mediated neuronal transmission123.6×0.157ACTN2
IRE1alpha activates chaperones122.6×0.157LMNA
Deregulated CDK5 triggers multiple neurodegenerative pathways in Alzheimer’s disease models122.6×0.157LMNA
Signaling by NOTCH3122.6×0.157MIB1
Attachment of bacteria to epithelial cells121.6×0.157LAMC3
SRC activates STAT3 in a quantitative manner, through Cadherin-11 (CDH11), RAC1 and gp130 (IL6ST)121.6×0.157JUP
Nephrin family interactions120.7×0.157ACTN2
NOTCH3 Activation and Transmission of Signal to the Nucleus120.7×0.157MIB1
Long-term potentiation120.7×0.157ACTN2

GO biological processes by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 26 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

GO termCohort genesFoldFDRSample cohort genes
ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis7189.0×5e-13TNNT2, TPM1, MYH7, PKP2, BMP10, MYBPC3, MYH6
sarcomere organization8117.8×5e-13TNNT2, TPM1, TTN, ANKRD1, ACTN2, BMP10, MYBPC3, MYH6
cardiac muscle contraction7108.0×2e-11TNNT2, TPM1, MYH7, RYR2, TTN, MYBPC3, MYH6
muscle filament sliding5202.6×2e-09TNNT2, TPM1, MYH7, TTN, MYH6
regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential4216.1×1e-07PKP2, RYR2, DSP, JUP
striated muscle contraction4129.6×1e-06MYH7, RYR2, TTN, MYH6
bundle of His cell-Purkinje myocyte adhesion involved in cell communication3277.8×5e-06PKP2, DSP, JUP
muscle contraction540.0×6e-06MYH7, TBX20, TTN, HCN4, MYH6
regulation of heart rate472.0×9e-06MYH7, RYR2, HCN4, MYH6
regulation of heart rate by cardiac conduction457.6×2e-05PKP2, HCN4, DSP, JUP
cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis3162.0×2e-05TBX20, TTN, ANKRD1
adult heart development3138.9×3e-05MYH7, BMP10, MYH6
regulation of cardiac muscle contraction3102.3×8e-05RYR2, HCN4, BMP10
cardiac muscle cell development372.0×2e-04TTN, ACTN2, MYH6
regulation of heart contraction357.2×4e-04TNNT2, TPM1, MYH6
regulation of SA node cell action potential2216.1×7e-04RYR2, HCN4
desmosome assembly2185.2×9e-04PKP2, JUP
atrial cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis2185.2×9e-04BMP10, MYH6
desmosome organization2162.0×0.001PKP2, DSP
embryonic heart tube morphogenesis2144.0×0.001RYR2, TBX20
cardiac muscle hypertrophy2129.6×0.001RYR2, TTN
regulation of muscle contraction2129.6×0.001TNNT2, TPM1
ventricular cardiac muscle cell development2117.8×0.002BMP10, LMNA
cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction2108.0×0.002PKP2, RYR2
cardiac myofibril assembly299.7×0.002TTN, PDGFRB
regulation of cardiac muscle cell contraction286.4×0.003MYH7B, MYBPC3
cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress281.0×0.003MYH7, MYH6
regulation of the force of heart contraction276.2×0.003MYH7, MYH6
ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential276.2×0.003PKP2, RYR2
response to muscle stretch258.9×0.006RYR2, ANKRD1

Therapeutics

Drug target analysis

Approved (phase 4): 3 · Phase ≥3: 3 · Phased (≥1): 4 · Undrugged: 25

Druggability breadth: 18 of 29 evidence-associated genes (62%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).

Genes with an approved drug

The molecule shown is one approved compound that hits the gene — not necessarily a drug of choice or one indicated for this disease.

SymbolExample approved molecule
HCN4IVABRADINE
LMNABEPRIDIL
PDGFRBPONATINIB

Top cohort targets by molecule count

SymbolMoleculesMax phase
LMNA8234
PDGFRB1024
HCN424
RYR212
TNNT200
TPM100
MYH7B00
MYH700
PKP200
PRDM1600

Drugs targeting cohort genes (top 30)

MoleculeMax phaseTargets in cohort
IVABRADINE4HCN4
BEPRIDIL4LMNA
PHENYLBUTAZONE4LMNA
CEFOTAXIME SODIUM4LMNA
DIENESTROL4LMNA
IFOSFAMIDE4LMNA
PROGESTERONE4LMNA
CLOTRIMAZOLE4LMNA
DAPSONE4LMNA
AMINOCAPROIC ACID4LMNA
FLUCONAZOLE4LMNA
COLCHICINE4LMNA
NABUMETONE4LMNA
OXAPROZIN4LMNA
BUMETANIDE4LMNA
GLIPIZIDE4LMNA
BROMFENAC4LMNA
ROPIVACAINE4LMNA
TIZANIDINE4LMNA
METAXALONE4LMNA
CARBAMAZEPINE4LMNA
SALMETEROL XINAFOATE4LMNA
AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE4LMNA
METHYL SALICYLATE4LMNA
DIBUCAINE4LMNA
PHENELZINE4LMNA
HYDROCORTISONE ACETATE4LMNA
BRETYLIUM TOSYLATE4LMNA
IMIPRAMINE4LMNA
FURAZOLIDONE4LMNA

Bioactivity and enzyme data

Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 4.

Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)

SymbolAssaysType breakdown
PDGFRB1,237Binding:1213, Functional:16, ADMET:8
HCN430Binding:20, ADMET:5, Functional:4, Toxicity:1
KAT6B22Binding:20, Functional:2
RYR215Binding:15
LMNA12Binding:9, Functional:3
KMT2D11Binding:11
TPM13Binding:3
TNNT22Binding:2
PRDM162Binding:2
DSP2Binding:2
TAFAZZIN1Binding:1
TTN1Binding:1
JUP1Binding:1

Cohort enzymes (BRENDA EC)

SymbolEC numbersNames
PRDM162.1.1.367, 2.1.1.370[histone H3]-lysine9 N-methyltransferase, [histone H3]-lysine4 N-dimethyltransferase
TTN2.7.11.1non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase
KAT6B2.3.1.48histone acetyltransferase
PDGFRB2.7.10.1receptor protein-tyrosine kinase

Cohort genes with high screening signal

≥100 ChEMBL assays — a studied-ness signal; see Therapeutics for approved-drug status.

SymbolChEMBL assays
PDGFRB1,237

Pharmacogenomics

Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 26; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.

No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).

Chemical tractability of cohort targets

30 approved/phased compounds have measured bioactivity against a cohort gene (and aren’t yet in disease-level trials). This is a research / tractability signal, NOT a therapeutic recommendation — a bioactivity row often reflects off-target or screening binding (e.g. promiscuous kinase inhibitors against a cohort kinase), implying no disease mechanism.

CompoundMax phaseCohort target (bioactivity)
IVABRADINE4HCN4
BEPRIDIL4LMNA
PHENYLBUTAZONE4LMNA
CEFOTAXIME SODIUM4LMNA
DIENESTROL4LMNA
IFOSFAMIDE4LMNA
PROGESTERONE4LMNA
CLOTRIMAZOLE4LMNA
DAPSONE4LMNA
AMINOCAPROIC ACID4LMNA
FLUCONAZOLE4LMNA
COLCHICINE4LMNA
NABUMETONE4LMNA
OXAPROZIN4LMNA
BUMETANIDE4LMNA
GLIPIZIDE4LMNA
BROMFENAC4LMNA
ROPIVACAINE4LMNA
TIZANIDINE4LMNA
METAXALONE4LMNA
CARBAMAZEPINE4LMNA
SALMETEROL XINAFOATE4LMNA
AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE4LMNA
METHYL SALICYLATE4LMNA
DIBUCAINE4LMNA
PHENELZINE4LMNA
HYDROCORTISONE ACETATE4LMNA
BRETYLIUM TOSYLATE4LMNA
IMIPRAMINE4LMNA
FURAZOLIDONE4LMNA

Druggability pyramid

Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):

TierDefinitionGenesSymbols
AApproved (phase 4 drug)3HCN4, LMNA, PDGFRB
BPhased (≥1) drug, not yet approved1RYR2
CDruggable family + PDB, no drug2TTN, MYBPC3
DDruggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug0
EDifficult family or no structure, no drug23TNNT2, TPM1, MYH7B, MYH7, PKP2, PRDM16, SYNE2, BMP10, MIB1, TAFAZZIN (+13 more)

Undrugged target profiles

25 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).

SymbolChEMBL assaysDrugged partners (top 3)
SYNE20LMNA
TNNT22
TPM13
MYH7B0
MYH70
PKP20
PRDM162
BMP100
MIB10
TAFAZZIN1
TBX200
TTN1
ANKRD10
ACTN20
KAT6B22
DSP2
PCOTH0
TTN-AS10
GJD2-DT0
JUP1
LAMC30
MIPEP0
KMT2D11
MYBPC30
MYH60

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 7.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

PhaseTrials
Not specified7

Top trials by phase / activity

NCTPhaseStatusTitle
NCT02432092Not specifiedRECRUITINGPediatric Cardiomyopathy Mutation Analysis
NCT06024759Not specifiedRECRUITINGPredictors of Risk in Left Ventricular Non-Compaction
NCT06607471Not specifiedRECRUITINGMultimodal and Multidisciplinary Approach to Optimize Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Management of Patients with Non-ischemic Cardiomyopathies and Arrhythmogenic-inflammatory Phenotypes: a Multicenter, Observational, Retrospective and Prospective Registry Study.
NCT01470014Not specifiedCOMPLETEDCardiac Computed Tomography: Characteristics of Isolated Left Ventricular Non-compaction
NCT01481298Not specifiedCOMPLETEDValue of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) Derived Parameters for Diagnosing Left Ventricular Non-compaction Cardiomyopathy
NCT02568072Not specifiedCOMPLETEDTraining-induced Increased Left Ventricular Trabeculation
NCT03572569Not specifiedUNKNOWNRisk Stratification in Children and Adolescents With Primary Cardiomyopathy