Lip and oral cavity carcinoma

Summary

Lip and oral cavity carcinoma (MONDO:0023644) is a cancer with 20 cohort genes (12 CIViC-evidence somatic drivers; 47 ClinVar predisposition records) and 211 clinical trials. The dominant Reactome pathway is Constitutive Signaling by EGFRvIII (3 cohort genes). Top therapeutic interventions include cetuximab, atezolizumab, and brodalumab.

At a glance

• Classification: Cancer
• Cohort genes: 20
• ClinVar variants: 47
• Clinical trials: 211

Clinical features

No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

Field	Value
Canonical name	lip and oral cavity carcinoma
Mondo ID	MONDO:0023644
NCIT	C9315
UMLS	C0220641
MedGen	67387
GARD	0009342
Is cancer (heuristic)	yes

Also known as: lip and oral cavity cancer · lip and oral cavity carcinoma · oral cancer · oral carcinoma

Data availability: 47 ClinVar variants.

Disease family

An umbrella term covering 2 Mondo subtypes.

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by etiologic mechanism › cancer or benign tumor › neoplastic disease or syndrome › neoplasm › cancer › carcinoma › head and neck carcinoma › lip and oral cavity carcinoma

Related subtypes (15): eye carcinoma, external ear carcinoma, middle ear carcinoma, nasal cavity carcinoma, growth hormone-producing pituitary gland carcinoma, hypopharyngeal carcinoma, ameloblastic carcinoma, laryngeal small cell carcinoma, pharyngeal adenoid cystic carcinoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, pituitary adenocarcinoma, carcinoma of floor of mouth, oropharyngeal carcinoma, nasal cavity and paranasal sinus carcinoma

Subtypes (2): lip and oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma, oral cavity carcinoma

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

No GWAS associations recorded — common-variant (GWAS) studies don’t cover this disease (typical for Mendelian / rare diseases). See the curated gene cohort and Mendelian overlap below.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

ClinVar germline variants

47 retrieved; paginated sample, class counts are floors:

17 pathogenic, 10 pathogenic/likely pathogenic, 8 association, 3 uncertain significance, 3 conflicting classifications of pathogenicity, 2 association not found, 2 likely pathogenic, 1 benign, 1 benign/likely benign

ClinVar	Variant (HGVS)	Gene	Classification	Review
376091	NM_005157.6(ABL1):c.764A>T (p.Glu255Val)	ABL1	Pathogenic	no assertion criteria provided
376097	NM_005157.6(ABL1):c.1187A>G (p.His396Arg)	ABL1	Pathogenic	no assertion criteria provided
977765	NM_004333.6(BRAF):c.1277G>C (p.Arg426Thr)	BRAF	Pathogenic	no assertion criteria provided
376303	NM_000077.5(CDKN2A):c.330G>A (p.Trp110Ter)	CDKN2A	Pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
9409	NM_000077.5(CDKN2A):c.238C>T (p.Arg80Ter)	CDKN2A	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
12601	NM_005343.4(HRAS):c.181C>A (p.Gln61Lys)	HRAS	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
12602	NM_005343.4(HRAS):c.34G>A (p.Gly12Ser)	HRAS	Pathogenic	reviewed by expert panel
12612	NM_005343.4(HRAS):c.35G>A (p.Gly12Asp)	HRAS	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
35554	NM_005343.4(HRAS):c.37G>C (p.Gly13Arg)	HRAS	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
180848	NM_005343.4(HRAS):c.38G>T (p.Gly13Val)	LRRC56	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
13652	NM_006218.4(PIK3CA):c.3140A>G (p.His1047Arg)	PIK3CA	Pathogenic	reviewed by expert panel
31944	NM_006218.4(PIK3CA):c.1624G>A (p.Glu542Lys)	PIK3CA	Pathogenic	reviewed by expert panel
376473	NM_006218.4(PIK3CA):c.1625A>C (p.Glu542Ala)	PIK3CA	Pathogenic	no assertion criteria provided
12347	NM_000546.6(TP53):c.742C>T (p.Arg248Trp)	TP53	Pathogenic	reviewed by expert panel
12356	NM_000546.6(TP53):c.743G>A (p.Arg248Gln)	TP53	Pathogenic	reviewed by expert panel
12359	NM_000546.6(TP53):c.722C>T (p.Ser241Phe)	TP53	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
12374	NM_000546.6(TP53):c.524G>A (p.Arg175His)	TP53	Pathogenic	reviewed by expert panel
135359	NM_000546.6(TP53):c.638G>A (p.Arg213Gln)	TP53	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
141764	NM_000546.6(TP53):c.799C>T (p.Arg267Trp)	TP53	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
142144	NM_000546.6(TP53):c.916C>T (p.Arg306Ter)	TP53	Pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
142766	NM_000546.6(TP53):c.455C>T (p.Pro152Leu)	TP53	Pathogenic	reviewed by expert panel
182930	NM_000546.6(TP53):c.493C>T (p.Gln165Ter)	TP53	Pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
233908	NM_000546.6(TP53):c.902del (p.Pro301fs)	TP53	Pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
233951	NM_000546.6(TP53):c.517G>A (p.Val173Met)	TP53	Pathogenic	reviewed by expert panel
458560	NM_000546.6(TP53):c.731G>C (p.Gly244Ala)	TP53	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
481003	NM_000546.6(TP53):c.376-1G>A	TP53	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
977783	NM_000546.6(TP53):c.610G>T (p.Glu204Ter)	TP53	Pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
977782	NM_000077.5(CDKN2A):c.233_234del (p.Leu78fs)	CDKN2A	Likely pathogenic	no assertion criteria provided
977766	NM_005228.5(EGFR):c.2235_2237del (p.Glu746del)	EGFR	Likely pathogenic	no assertion criteria provided
412537	NM_000455.5(STK11):c.1071G>T (p.Glu357Asp)	LOC130062899	Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity	criteria provided, conflicting classifications

Genes & proteins

Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers

GenCC: 0 · Orphanet: 94 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0

Somatic driver evidence (intOGen + CIViC, cohort fanout)

Gene	intOGen role	Cancer types	CIViC
BRAF	Act	BLCA,BRCA,CHOL,CLLSLL,COAD,COADREAD,CSCC,DLBCLNOS,GBM,GIST,HGGNOS,LGGNOS,LUAD,MEL,MLYM,NSCLC,OVT,PAST,PCM,PRAD,PRCC,PROSTATE,READ,SACA,SKCM,STAD,UCEC,WDTC	CIViC #5
TP53	LoF	ACC,ALL,AML,ANGS,ANSC,BCC,BL,BLADDER,BLCA,BRCA,CCRCC,CEAD,CESC,CHOL,CHRCC,CLLSLL,COAD,COADREAD,CSCC,DLBCLNOS,EGC,ES,ESCA,ESCC,GB,GBC,GBM,GIST,HCC,HGGNOS,HNSC,LGGNOS,LIPO,LMS,LNM,LUAD,LUSC,MBL,MEL,MLYM,MT,NBL,NETNOS,NHL,NPC,NSCLC,OS,OVT,PAAD,PANCREAS,PAST,PCM,PLMESO,PRAD,PRCC,PROSTATE,RCC,READ,SACA,SARCNOS,SCLC,SIC,SKCM,SKIN,SOFT_TISSUE,STAD,STOMACH,THYM,UCEC,UCS,UTUC,VULVA,WDTC,WT	CIViC #45
CDKN2A	LoF	ACYC,BLCA,BRCA,CHOL,COAD,COADREAD,CSCC,EGC,ESCA,ESCC,GBM,HCC,HNSC,LGGNOS,LUAD,LUSC,MEL,MLYM,NPC,NSCLC,OS,PAAD,PANCREAS,RCC,SKCM,SKIN,STAD,STOMACH,WDTC	CIViC #14
PREX2	Act	BLCA,BRCA,COAD,DLBCLNOS,ESCA,ESCC,HCC,MEL,OVT,PANCREAS,PRAD,STAD	CIViC #15344
EGFR	Act	BRCA,COADREAD,GB,GBM,HGGNOS,LGGNOS,LUAD,LUSC,NSCLC,PAST,PCM,READ,SIC	CIViC #19
FHIT	Act	DLBCLNOS	CIViC #1893
HRAS	Act	ANGS,BLCA,BRCA,COADREAD,CSCC,HNSC,LUSC,NPC,PGNG,PRAD,PROSTATE,THYM,UTUC,WDTC	CIViC #2747
KIT	Act	AML,GIST,MEL,MGCT	CIViC #29
MMP2			CIViC #3549
ABL1	LoF	UCEC	CIViC #4
PIK3CA	Act	ACYC,ANGS,ANSC,BCC,BLADDER,BLCA,BRCA,CCRCC,CEAD,CESC,CHOL,COAD,COADREAD,EPM,ESCA,ESCC,GB,GBM,HCC,HGGNOS,HNSC,LGGNOS,LIPO,LMS,LUAD,LUSC,MBL,MGCT,NPC,NSCLC,OVT,PAAD,PAST,PLMESO,PRAD,PRCC,PROSTATE,RCC,SACA,SKCM,SOFT_TISSUE,STAD,UCEC,UCS,UTUC,VULVA,WDTC	CIViC #37
RB1	LoF	ACC,BLADDER,BLCA,BRCA,CESC,ESCA,GB,GBM,GIST,HCC,HNSC,LGGNOS,LIPO,LMS,LUAD,LUSC,MEL,MT,NSCLC,OS,OVT,PANCREAS,PCM,PRAD,PROSTATE,RBL,SCLC,SKCM,SOFT_TISSUE,STAD,STOMACH,UCEC,UCS	CIViC #4795

Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)

Gene	Orphanet ID	Rare disease
BRAF	Orphanet:1340	Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome
BRAF	Orphanet:146	Differentiated thyroid carcinoma
BRAF	Orphanet:251615	Pilomyxoid astrocytoma
BRAF	Orphanet:389	Langerhans cell histiocytosis
BRAF	Orphanet:500	Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines
BRAF	Orphanet:54595	Craniopharyngioma
BRAF	Orphanet:58017	Classic hairy cell leukemia
BRAF	Orphanet:626	Large/giant congenital melanocytic nevus
BRAF	Orphanet:648	Noonan syndrome
BRAF	Orphanet:840	Syringocystadenoma papilliferum
BRAF	Orphanet:96253	Cushing disease
TP53	Orphanet:1333	Familial pancreatic carcinoma
TP53	Orphanet:145	Hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer syndrome
TP53	Orphanet:1501	Adrenocortical carcinoma
TP53	Orphanet:210159	Adult hepatocellular carcinoma
TP53	Orphanet:251576	Gliosarcoma
TP53	Orphanet:251579	Giant cell glioblastoma
TP53	Orphanet:251899	Choroid plexus carcinoma
TP53	Orphanet:2807	Papilloma of choroid plexus
TP53	Orphanet:293199	Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma
TP53	Orphanet:3318	Essential thrombocythemia
TP53	Orphanet:524	Li-Fraumeni syndrome
TP53	Orphanet:52688	Myelodysplastic syndrome
TP53	Orphanet:585909	B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2)
TP53	Orphanet:667662	Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma
TP53	Orphanet:668	Osteosarcoma
TP53	Orphanet:67038	B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia
TP53	Orphanet:70573	Small cell lung cancer
TP53	Orphanet:96253	Cushing disease
TP53	Orphanet:99756	Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma
TP53	Orphanet:99757	Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
CDKN2A	Orphanet:1333	Familial pancreatic carcinoma
CDKN2A	Orphanet:1501	Adrenocortical carcinoma
CDKN2A	Orphanet:252206	Melanoma and neural system tumor syndrome
CDKN2A	Orphanet:404560	Familial atypical multiple mole melanoma syndrome
CDKN2A	Orphanet:524	Li-Fraumeni syndrome
CDKN2A	Orphanet:585909	B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2)
CDKN2A	Orphanet:618	Familial melanoma
CDKN2A	Orphanet:99861	Precursor T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
ANKRD17	Orphanet:528084	Non-specific syndromic intellectual disability
LRRC56	Orphanet:244	Primary ciliary dyskinesia
EGFR	Orphanet:251576	Gliosarcoma
EGFR	Orphanet:251579	Giant cell glioblastoma
FHIT	Orphanet:422526	Hereditary clear cell renal cell carcinoma
GRIK2	Orphanet:528084	Non-specific syndromic intellectual disability
GRIK2	Orphanet:88616	Autosomal recessive non-syndromic intellectual disability
HRAS	Orphanet:146	Differentiated thyroid carcinoma
HRAS	Orphanet:2612	Linear nevus sebaceus syndrome
HRAS	Orphanet:2874	Phakomatosis pigmentokeratotica
HRAS	Orphanet:3071	Costello syndrome

Cohort genes → proteins

20 cohort genes, 20 distinct canonical proteins.

Evidence partition

Subset	Genes
multi_evidence	20

Cohort genes (full)

Symbol	HGNC	Ensembl	UniProt	Name	Evidence
BRAF	HGNC:1097	ENSG00000157764	P15056	Serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf	clinvar
SNTB1	HGNC:11168	ENSG00000172164	Q13884	Beta-1-syntrophin	clinvar
TP53	HGNC:11998	ENSG00000141510	P04637	Cellular tumor antigen p53	clinvar
CDKN2A	HGNC:1787	ENSG00000147889	P42771	Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	clinvar
CNTN4	HGNC:2174	ENSG00000144619	Q8IWV2	Contactin-4	clinvar
PREX2	HGNC:22950	ENSG00000046889	Q70Z35	Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Rac exchanger 2 protein	clinvar
SAMD4A	HGNC:23023	ENSG00000020577	Q9UPU9	Protein Smaug homolog 1	clinvar
ANKRD17	HGNC:23575	ENSG00000132466	O75179	Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 17	clinvar
CCDC3	HGNC:23813	ENSG00000151468	Q9BQI4	Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 3	clinvar
LRRC56	HGNC:25430	ENSG00000161328	Q8IYG6	Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 56	clinvar
EGFR	HGNC:3236	ENSG00000146648	P00533	Epidermal growth factor receptor	clinvar
FHIT	HGNC:3701	ENSG00000189283	P49789	Bis(5’-adenosyl)-triphosphatase	clinvar
GRIK2	HGNC:4580	ENSG00000164418	Q13002	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	clinvar
HRAS	HGNC:5173	ENSG00000174775	P01112	GTPase HRas	clinvar
KIT	HGNC:6342	ENSG00000157404	P10721	Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit	clinvar
LNX1	HGNC:6657	ENSG00000072201	Q8TBB1	E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase LNX	clinvar
MMP2	HGNC:7166	ENSG00000087245	P08253	72 kDa type IV collagenase	clinvar
ABL1	HGNC:76	ENSG00000097007	P00519	Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1	clinvar
PIK3CA	HGNC:8975	ENSG00000121879	P42336	Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform	clinvar
RB1	HGNC:9884	ENSG00000139687	P06400	Retinoblastoma-associated protein	clinvar

Cohort function summary

Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.

Symbol	Protein name	Function (lead sentence)
BRAF	Serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf	Protein kinase involved in the transduction of mitogenic signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus.
SNTB1	Beta-1-syntrophin	Adapter protein that binds to and probably organizes the subcellular localization of a variety of membrane proteins.
TP53	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Multifunctional transcription factor that induces cell cycle arrest, DNA repair or apoptosis upon binding to its target DNA sequence.
CDKN2A	Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Acts as a negative regulator of the proliferation of normal cells by interacting strongly with CDK4 and CDK6.
CNTN4	Contactin-4	Contactins mediate cell surface interactions during nervous system development.
PREX2	Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Rac exchanger 2 protein	Functions as a RAC1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), activating Rac proteins by exchanging bound GDP for free GTP.
SAMD4A	Protein Smaug homolog 1	Acts as a translational repressor of SRE-containing messengers.
ANKRD17	Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 17	Could play pivotal roles in cell cycle and DNA regulation.
CCDC3	Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 3	Negatively regulates TNF-induced pro-inflammatory response in endothelial cells (ECs) via inhibition of TNF-induced NF-kappaB activation in ECs.
LRRC56	Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 56	Required for the assembly of dynein arms.
EGFR	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Receptor tyrosine kinase binding ligands of the EGF family and activating several signaling cascades to convert extracellular cues into appropriate cellular responses.
FHIT	Bis(5’-adenosyl)-triphosphatase	Possesses dinucleoside triphosphate hydrolase activity.
GRIK2	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	Ionotropic glutamate receptor that functions as a cation-permeable ligand-gated ion channel, gated by L-glutamate and the glutamatergic agonist kainic acid.
HRAS	GTPase HRas	Involved in the activation of Ras protein signal transduction.
KIT	Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit	Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as a cell-surface receptor for the cytokine KITLG/SCF and plays an essential role in the regulation of cell survival and proliferation, hematopoiesis, stem cell maintenance, gametogenesis, mast cell develo…
LNX1	E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase LNX	E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of NUMB.
MMP2	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Ubiquitinous metalloproteinase that is involved in diverse functions such as remodeling of the vasculature, angiogenesis, tissue repair, tumor invasion, inflammation, and atherosclerotic plaque rupture.
ABL1	Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1	Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase that plays a role in many key processes linked to cell growth and survival such as cytoskeleton remodeling in response to extracellular stimuli, cell motility and adhesion, receptor endocytosis, autopha…
PIK3CA	Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform	Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol (PI) and its phosphorylated derivatives at position 3 of the inositol ring to produce 3-phosphoinositides.
RB1	Retinoblastoma-associated protein	Tumor suppressor that is a key regulator of the G1/S transition of the cell cycle.

Protein-family classification

Druggable: 9 · Difficult: 6 · Unknown: 5 · Druggable fraction: 0.45

Family distribution

Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.

Family	Genes	Fold	FDR
Kinase	5	6.9×	0.004
Scaffold/PPI	4	3.5×	0.090
Protease	1	1.8×	0.708
Antibody/Immunoglobulin	1	1.5×	0.708
Enzyme (other)	2	1.2×	0.708
Transcription factor	2	0.8×	0.835
Other/Unknown	5	0.5×	0.999

Per-gene assignment

Symbol	Family	Druggable?	EC	InterPro (top 3)
BRAF	Kinase	yes	2.7.10.2	Prot_kinase_dom, Ser-Thr/Tyr_kinase_cat_dom, PKC_DAG/PE
SNTB1	Scaffold/PPI	no		PDZ, PH_domain, PH-like_dom_sf
TP53	Transcription factor	no		p53_tumour_suppressor, p53-like_TF_DNA-bd_sf, p53_tetrameristn
CDKN2A	Scaffold/PPI	no		Ankyrin_rpt-contain_sf, Ank_Repeat/CDKN_Inhibitor, Tumor_suppres_ARF
CNTN4	Antibody/Immunoglobulin	yes		Ig_sub2, Ig_sub, FN3_dom
PREX2	Scaffold/PPI	no		DH_dom, DEP_dom, GDS_CDC24_CS
SAMD4A	Other/Unknown	no		SAM, SAM/pointed_sf, PHAT_dom_sf
ANKRD17	Scaffold/PPI	no		Ankyrin_rpt, KH_dom, KH_dom_type_1
CCDC3	Other/Unknown	no		CCDC3
LRRC56	Other/Unknown	no		Leu-rich_rpt, Leu-rich_rpt_4, LRR_dom_sf
EGFR	Kinase	yes	2.7.10.1	Rcpt_L-dom, Prot_kinase_dom, Ser-Thr/Tyr_kinase_cat_dom
FHIT	Enzyme (other)	yes	3.6.1.29	HIT-like, Histidine_triad_CS, HIT-like_sf
GRIK2	Other/Unknown	no		Iontro_rcpt_C, Iono_Glu_rcpt_met, ANF_lig-bd_rcpt
HRAS	Enzyme (other)	yes	3.6.5.2	Small_GTPase, Small_GTP-bd, Small_GTPase_Ras-type
KIT	Kinase	yes	2.7.10.1	Prot_kinase_dom, Ser-Thr/Tyr_kinase_cat_dom, Tyr_kinase_rcpt_3_CS
LNX1	Transcription factor	no		PDZ, Znf_RING, Znf_RING/FYVE/PHD
MMP2	Protease	yes	3.4.24.24	FN_type2_dom, Hemopexin-like_dom, Pept_M10_metallopeptidase
ABL1	Kinase	yes	2.7.10.2	Prot_kinase_dom, SH2, Ser-Thr/Tyr_kinase_cat_dom
PIK3CA	Kinase	yes	2.7.1.137	PI3K_Ras-bd_dom, PI3/4_kinase_cat_dom, PI3K_accessory_dom
RB1	Other/Unknown	no		RB_B, RB_A, Cyclin-like_dom

Expression context

Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.

20 cohort genes are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.

Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)

Bucket	Genes
narrow (1-5 tissues)	0
moderate (6-20)	0
broad (>20)	20
unknown	0

Top tissues across cohort

Tissue	Cohort genes
calcaneal tendon	3
visceral pleura	3
buccal mucosa cell	2
right adrenal gland	2
right adrenal gland cortex	2
parotid gland	2
lateral nuclear group of thalamus	2
secondary oocyte	2
colonic epithelium	1
left adrenal gland	1
ganglionic eminence	1
tendon of biceps brachii	1
ventricular zone	1
cervix squamous epithelium	1
pituitary gland	1
sperm	1
endothelial cell	1
dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve	1
heart right ventricle	1
inferior olivary complex	1

Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)

Symbol	Bgee breadth	FANTOM5 breadth	SCXA	Top tissues
BRAF	265	ubiquitous	marker	buccal mucosa cell, colonic epithelium, calcaneal tendon
SNTB1	245	ubiquitous	marker	right adrenal gland, right adrenal gland cortex, left adrenal gland
TP53	223	ubiquitous	marker	ventricular zone, ganglionic eminence, tendon of biceps brachii
CDKN2A	220	ubiquitous	marker	parotid gland, cervix squamous epithelium, pituitary gland
CNTN4	214	broad	marker	sperm, buccal mucosa cell, lateral nuclear group of thalamus
PREX2	241	broad	marker	calcaneal tendon, endothelial cell, visceral pleura
SAMD4A	288	ubiquitous	marker	dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve, inferior olivary complex, heart right ventricle
ANKRD17	292	ubiquitous	marker	secondary oocyte, sural nerve, visceral pleura
CCDC3	231	broad	marker	saphenous vein, right coronary artery, upper arm skin
LRRC56	129	broad	marker	right uterine tube, right testis, left testis
EGFR	285	ubiquitous	marker	nipple, gingiva, gingival epithelium
FHIT	188	ubiquitous	marker	right adrenal gland, right adrenal gland cortex, left adrenal gland cortex
GRIK2	213	broad	marker	cerebellar vermis, cerebellar cortex, cerebellar hemisphere
HRAS	139	ubiquitous	marker	skin of abdomen, skin of leg, zone of skin
KIT	263	broad	marker	lateral nuclear group of thalamus, secondary oocyte, oocyte
LNX1	256	broad	marker	esophagus squamous epithelium, middle temporal gyrus, parotid gland
MMP2	262	ubiquitous	marker	stromal cell of endometrium, gall bladder, mucosa of stomach
ABL1	283	ubiquitous	marker	frontal pole, paraflocculus, middle frontal gyrus
PIK3CA	284	ubiquitous	marker	calcaneal tendon, adrenal tissue, tendon
RB1	287	ubiquitous	marker	epithelium of nasopharynx, choroid plexus epithelium, visceral pleura

Protein interactions among cohort

Intra-cohort edges: 22.

Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)

Symbol	Interactor count
TP53	22,736
EGFR	18,421
CDKN2A	9,311
HRAS	8,064
BRAF	7,394
ABL1	6,937
KIT	6,087
LNX1	5,295
PIK3CA	5,157
MMP2	4,603

Intra-cohort edges

A	B	Sources
ABL1	EGFR	intact
ABL1	RB1	biogrid_interaction
ABL1	TP53	string_interaction
BRAF	CDKN2A	string_interaction
BRAF	EGFR	biogrid_interaction
BRAF	HRAS	intact, string_interaction
BRAF	PIK3CA	biogrid_interaction, string_interaction
BRAF	PREX2	intact
BRAF	TP53	string_interaction
CCDC3	TP53	biogrid_interaction
CDKN2A	FHIT	string_interaction
CDKN2A	HRAS	string_interaction
CDKN2A	RB1	string_interaction
CDKN2A	TP53	string_interaction
EGFR	HRAS	string_interaction
EGFR	PIK3CA	string_interaction
FHIT	TP53	string_interaction
HRAS	TP53	string_interaction
KIT	PIK3CA	biogrid_interaction
KIT	TP53	biogrid_interaction
PIK3CA	PREX2	string_interaction
RB1	TP53	string_interaction

Structural data

PDB: 16 · AlphaFold-only: 4 · No structure: 0

Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)

Symbol	UniProt	PDB entries
EGFR	P00533	388
TP53	P04637	313
HRAS	P01112	246
PIK3CA	P42336	135
BRAF	P15056	131
ABL1	P00519	85
KIT	P10721	52
RB1	P06400	19
MMP2	P08253	14
FHIT	P49789	9
CDKN2A	P42771	5
LNX1	Q8TBB1	3
SNTB1	Q13884	2
GRIK2	Q13002	2
PREX2	Q70Z35	1
SAMD4A	Q9UPU9	1

AlphaFold-only cohort genes (top 30 by pLDDT)

Symbol	UniProt	pLDDT
CNTN4	Q8IWV2	86.72
CCDC3	Q9BQI4	76.13
LRRC56	Q8IYG6	56.07
ANKRD17	O75179	53.73

Function

Pathway analysis

Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 350. Enrichment computed across 20 evidence-associated genes (15 with Reactome annotation).

Pathways by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 15 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

Pathway	Cohort genes	Fold	FDR	Sample cohort genes
Constitutive Signaling by EGFRvIII	3	142.8×	2e-04	EGFR, HRAS, PIK3CA
Signaling by ERBB2 ECD mutants	3	134.3×	2e-04	EGFR, HRAS, PIK3CA
Constitutive Signaling by Ligand-Responsive EGFR Cancer Variants	3	114.2×	2e-04	EGFR, HRAS, PIK3CA
Signaling by phosphorylated juxtamembrane, extracellular and kinase domain KIT mutants	3	103.8×	2e-04	HRAS, KIT, PIK3CA
RAF/MAP kinase cascade	5	20.4×	2e-04	BRAF, EGFR, HRAS, KIT, PIK3CA
Signaling by ERBB2 KD Mutants	3	84.6×	3e-04	EGFR, HRAS, PIK3CA
Oncogene Induced Senescence	3	67.2×	5e-04	TP53, CDKN2A, RB1
Signaling by SCF-KIT	3	49.6×	0.001	HRAS, KIT, PIK3CA
Cyclin D associated events in G1	3	46.6×	0.001	CDKN2A, ABL1, RB1
EGFR Transactivation by Gastrin	2	152.3×	0.003	EGFR, HRAS
Extra-nuclear estrogen signaling	3	34.1×	0.003	EGFR, MMP2, PIK3CA
Signaling by FGFR4 in disease	2	126.9×	0.003	HRAS, PIK3CA
Signaling by PDGFRA transmembrane, juxtamembrane and kinase domain mutants	2	117.1×	0.003	HRAS, PIK3CA
Signaling by PDGFRA extracellular domain mutants	2	117.1×	0.003	HRAS, PIK3CA
GRB2 events in EGFR signaling	2	101.5×	0.003	EGFR, HRAS
Stabilization of p53	2	101.5×	0.003	TP53, CDKN2A
TFAP2 (AP-2) family regulates transcription of growth factors and their receptors	2	101.5×	0.003	EGFR, KIT
Signaling by FLT3 ITD and TKD mutants	2	101.5×	0.003	HRAS, PIK3CA
SHC1 events in EGFR signaling	2	95.2×	0.003	EGFR, HRAS
PI3K events in ERBB2 signaling	2	89.6×	0.003	EGFR, PIK3CA
Formation of Senescence-Associated Heterochromatin Foci (SAHF)	2	89.6×	0.003	TP53, RB1
Constitutive Signaling by Aberrant PI3K in Cancer	3	25.4×	0.003	EGFR, KIT, PIK3CA
GAB1 signalosome	2	84.6×	0.004	EGFR, PIK3CA
GRB2 events in ERBB2 signaling	2	84.6×	0.004	EGFR, HRAS
Tie2 Signaling	2	80.1×	0.004	HRAS, PIK3CA
SUMOylation of transcription factors	2	76.1×	0.004	TP53, CDKN2A
Signaling by FLT3 fusion proteins	2	76.1×	0.004	HRAS, PIK3CA
Signaling by FGFR3 in disease	2	66.2×	0.005	HRAS, PIK3CA
SHC1 events in ERBB2 signaling	2	63.4×	0.005	EGFR, HRAS
Signaling by ERBB2 TMD/JMD mutants	2	63.4×	0.005	EGFR, HRAS

GO biological processes by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 20 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

GO term	Cohort genes	Fold	FDR	Sample cohort genes
neuron apoptotic process	5	46.3×	3e-05	TP53, GRIK2, HRAS, ABL1, RB1
cellular senescence	4	59.1×	2e-04	TP53, CDKN2A, HRAS, ABL1
epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway	4	49.6×	2e-04	BRAF, EGFR, ABL1, PIK3CA
Ras protein signal transduction	4	41.1×	3e-04	TP53, CDKN2A, HRAS, RB1
regulation of cell cycle	5	18.6×	6e-04	TP53, CDKN2A, HRAS, ABL1, RB1
positive regulation of extracellular matrix organization	2	421.3×	6e-04	ABL1, RB1
T cell receptor signaling pathway	4	30.4×	6e-04	BRAF, HRAS, ABL1, PIK3CA
myeloid progenitor cell differentiation	2	240.7×	0.001	BRAF, KIT
mitochondrial depolarization	2	240.7×	0.001	CDKN2A, ABL1
oncogene-induced cell senescence	2	240.7×	0.001	CDKN2A, HRAS
negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process	4	22.2×	0.001	BRAF, GRIK2, HRAS, PIK3CA
epithelial cell proliferation	3	46.8×	0.002	EGFR, KIT, RB1
positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation	3	44.4×	0.002	EGFR, HRAS, ABL1
positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process	3	40.8×	0.002	TP53, GRIK2, ABL1
negative regulation of glial cell proliferation	2	168.5×	0.002	TP53, RB1
somatic stem cell population maintenance	3	37.2×	0.002	BRAF, CDKN2A, KIT
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus	3	36.1×	0.002	BRAF, TP53, RB1
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	4	17.0×	0.002	BRAF, EGFR, HRAS, ABL1
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	3	31.6×	0.003	PREX2, EGFR, PIK3CA
regulation of T cell differentiation	2	120.4×	0.003	BRAF, ABL1
rRNA transcription	2	99.1×	0.004	TP53, CDKN2A
regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity	2	99.1×	0.004	GRIK2, HRAS
replicative senescence	2	99.1×	0.004	TP53, CDKN2A
negative regulation of gene expression	4	13.8×	0.004	CCDC3, HRAS, PIK3CA, RB1
glial cell proliferation	2	88.7×	0.005	TP53, RB1
positive regulation of cell migration	4	12.3×	0.006	EGFR, HRAS, KIT, MMP2
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	2	76.6×	0.006	BRAF, EGFR
negative regulation of cell growth	3	21.6×	0.007	TP53, CDKN2A, RB1
cellular response to gamma radiation	2	60.2×	0.010	TP53, HRAS
chromosome organization	2	58.1×	0.010	TP53, RB1

Therapeutics

Drug target analysis

Approved (phase 4): 8 · Phase ≥3: 10 · Phased (≥1): 11 · Undrugged: 9

Druggability breadth: 12 of 20 evidence-associated genes (60%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).

Genes with an approved drug

The molecule shown is one approved compound that hits the gene — not necessarily a drug of choice or one indicated for this disease.

Symbol	Example approved molecule
BRAF	VEMURAFENIB
TP53	NITROFURANTOIN
EGFR	LEVODOPA
HRAS	LONAFARNIB
KIT	PONATINIB
MMP2	DOXYCYCLINE
ABL1	PONATINIB
PIK3CA	IDELALISIB

Top cohort targets by molecule count

Symbol	Molecules	Max phase
TP53	196	4
EGFR	175	4
ABL1	122	4
KIT	99	4
PIK3CA	67	4
BRAF	48	4
MMP2	26	4
HRAS	4	4
GRIK2	2	3
FHIT	1	3

Drugs targeting cohort genes (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Targets in cohort
VEMURAFENIB	4	BRAF, EGFR
PONATINIB	4	ABL1, BRAF, EGFR, KIT
FEDRATINIB	4	ABL1, BRAF, EGFR, KIT, PIK3CA
SORAFENIB	4	ABL1, BRAF, EGFR, KIT
DASATINIB ANHYDROUS	4	ABL1, BRAF, EGFR, KIT
RUXOLITINIB	4	ABL1, BRAF, KIT
INFIGRATINIB PHOSPHATE	4	ABL1, BRAF, KIT
INFIGRATINIB	4	ABL1, BRAF, KIT
REGORAFENIB	4	ABL1, BRAF, KIT
DABRAFENIB	4	ABL1, BRAF
COBIMETINIB	4	BRAF
NILOTINIB	4	ABL1, BRAF, KIT
ABEMACICLIB	4	BRAF, EGFR
ENCORAFENIB	4	BRAF
TOVORAFENIB	4	ABL1, BRAF
PAZOPANIB	4	ABL1, BRAF, KIT
DASATINIB	4	ABL1, BRAF, EGFR, KIT, PIK3CA
ERLOTINIB	4	ABL1, BRAF, EGFR, KIT
GEFITINIB	4	ABL1, BRAF, EGFR, KIT
IMATINIB	4	ABL1, BRAF, EGFR, KIT
NITROFURANTOIN	4	TP53
DIOSMIN	4	TP53
VERTEPORFIN	4	TP53
CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL	4	TP53
DIENESTROL	4	TP53
CLOTRIMAZOLE	4	EGFR, TP53
COLCHICINE	4	TP53
NABUMETONE	4	TP53
SALMETEROL XINAFOATE	4	TP53
AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE	4	TP53

Bioactivity and enzyme data

Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 8.

Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)

Symbol	Assays	Type breakdown
EGFR	6,531	Binding:6211, Functional:173, ADMET:138, Toxicity:9
ABL1	3,282	Binding:3254, ADMET:16, Functional:10, Toxicity:2
KIT	2,305	Binding:2242, ADMET:32, Functional:22, Toxicity:9
PIK3CA	2,034	Binding:2009, ADMET:19, Toxicity:4, Functional:2
BRAF	1,442	Binding:1400, Functional:37, ADMET:5
TP53	869	Binding:775, ADMET:83, Functional:10, Toxicity:1
MMP2	771	Binding:735, ADMET:28, Functional:7, Unclassified:1
GRIK2	92	Binding:66, Functional:26
RB1	59	Binding:59
HRAS	48	Binding:45, Functional:3
FHIT	21	Binding:19, ADMET:2
CDKN2A	2	Binding:2

Cohort enzymes (BRENDA EC)

Symbol	EC numbers	Names
BRAF	2.7.10.2, 2.7.11.1	non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase, non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase
EGFR	2.7.10.1	receptor protein-tyrosine kinase
FHIT	3.6.1.29	bis(5’-adenosyl)-triphosphatase
HRAS	3.6.5.2	small monomeric GTPase
KIT	2.7.10.1	receptor protein-tyrosine kinase
MMP2	3.4.24.24	gelatinase A
ABL1	2.7.10.2	non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase
PIK3CA	2.7.1.137, 2.7.1.153, 2.7.11.1	phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase

Cohort genes with high screening signal

≥100 ChEMBL assays — a studied-ness signal; see Therapeutics for approved-drug status.

Symbol	ChEMBL assays
BRAF	1,442
TP53	869
EGFR	6,531
KIT	2,305
MMP2	771
ABL1	3,282
PIK3CA	2,034

Pharmacogenomics

Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 20; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.

No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).

Drug repurposing candidates

29 approved/phased drugs hit cohort targets but don’t yet appear in disease-level clinical trials. Target-inhibition rationale is strongest for cancer driver genes; a bioactivity hit is a screening signal, not a treatment claim.

Compound	Max phase	Cohort target (bioactivity)
VEMURAFENIB	4	BRAF, EGFR
PONATINIB	4	ABL1, BRAF, EGFR, KIT
FEDRATINIB	4	ABL1, BRAF, EGFR, KIT, PIK3CA
SORAFENIB	4	ABL1, BRAF, EGFR, KIT
DASATINIB ANHYDROUS	4	ABL1, BRAF, EGFR, KIT
RUXOLITINIB	4	ABL1, BRAF, KIT
INFIGRATINIB PHOSPHATE	4	ABL1, BRAF, KIT
INFIGRATINIB	4	ABL1, BRAF, KIT
REGORAFENIB	4	ABL1, BRAF, KIT
DABRAFENIB	4	ABL1, BRAF
COBIMETINIB	4	BRAF
NILOTINIB	4	ABL1, BRAF, KIT
ABEMACICLIB	4	BRAF, EGFR
ENCORAFENIB	4	BRAF
TOVORAFENIB	4	ABL1, BRAF
PAZOPANIB	4	ABL1, BRAF, KIT
DASATINIB	4	ABL1, BRAF, EGFR, KIT, PIK3CA
GEFITINIB	4	ABL1, BRAF, EGFR, KIT
IMATINIB	4	ABL1, BRAF, EGFR, KIT
NITROFURANTOIN	4	TP53
DIOSMIN	4	TP53
VERTEPORFIN	4	TP53
CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL	4	TP53
DIENESTROL	4	TP53
CLOTRIMAZOLE	4	EGFR, TP53
COLCHICINE	4	TP53
NABUMETONE	4	TP53
SALMETEROL XINAFOATE	4	TP53
AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE	4	TP53

Druggability pyramid

Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):

Tier	Definition	Genes	Symbols
A	Approved (phase 4 drug)	8	BRAF, TP53, EGFR, HRAS, KIT, MMP2, ABL1, PIK3CA
B	Phased (≥1) drug, not yet approved	3	FHIT, GRIK2, RB1
C	Druggable family + PDB, no drug	0
D	Druggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug	1	CNTN4
E	Difficult family or no structure, no drug	8	SNTB1, CDKN2A, PREX2, SAMD4A, ANKRD17, CCDC3, LRRC56, LNX1

Undrugged target profiles

9 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).

Symbol	ChEMBL assays	Drugged partners (top 3)
PREX2	0	PIK3CA
SNTB1	0	—
CDKN2A	2	—
CNTN4	0	—
SAMD4A	0	—
ANKRD17	0	—
CCDC3	0	—
LRRC56	0	—
LNX1	0	—

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 211.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

Phase	Trials
Not specified	132
PHASE2	30
PHASE1	17
PHASE3	13
PHASE2/PHASE3	7
PHASE1/PHASE2	6
PHASE4	3
EARLY_PHASE1	3

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT01418118	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Assessment of the Effects of Pressors on Graft Blood Flow After Free Tissue Transfer Surgery
NCT03017053	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	The Optimal Neck Treatments Strategy of Early Oral Cancer Based on Adverse Pathological Factor
NCT03684707	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Cancer Chemoprevention by Metformin Hydrochloride Compared to Placebo in Oral Potentially Malignant Lesions
NCT04333537	PHASE2/PHASE3	RECRUITING	Comparing Sentinel Lymph Node (SLN) Biopsy With Standard Neck Dissection for Patients With Early-Stage Oral Cavity Cancer
NCT05063552	PHASE2/PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Testing the Use of Investigational Drugs Atezolizumab and/or Bevacizumab With or Without Standard Chemotherapy in the Second-Line Treatment of Advanced-Stage Head and Neck Cancers
NCT05429099	PHASE2/PHASE3	RECRUITING	Mandibular Reconstruction Preplanning (ViPMR)
NCT05721755	PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Combining Radiation Therapy With Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
NCT06589804	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Testing the Addition of Anti-Cancer Drug, Cetuximab, to Standard of Care Treatment (Pembrolizumab) for Returning or Spreading Head and Neck Cancer After Previous Treatment
NCT06737822	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Upfront Surgery Vs Induction Chemotherapy Followed By Surgery In Oral Cancers:
NCT07402538	PHASE3	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Surgery With or Without Neoadjuvant Treatment of SBRT Plus Chemoimmunotherapy in Resectable Locally Advanced Oral and HPV-unrelated Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
NCT07441681	PHASE3	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Comparing Radiation Plus Cetuximab to Radiation Plus Chemotherapy in People With Head and Neck Cancer Who Cannot Receive Cisplatin
NCT00158652	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Accelerated Radiotherapy and Concomitant Chemo-radiotherapy in HNSCC
NCT00158678	PHASE3	COMPLETED	IMRT Plus Cisplatin Versus Conventional Radiotherapy Plus Cisplatin in Stage III-IV HNSCC
NCT00162708	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Very Intense Radiotherapy-Chemotherapy Regimen in Advanced HNSCC
NCT00402779	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Erlotinib Prevention of Oral Cancer (EPOC)
NCT00655421	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Oral Cancer Screening in Mumbai, India by Primary Health Care Workers
NCT00750503	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Workplace Tobacco Cessation And Oral Cancer Screening Study
NCT00964977	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Effectiveness of Adjuvant Radiotherapy in Small Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Cancer and Single Lymph Node Metastasis.
NCT01039298	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Efficacy of Optically-guided Surgery in the Management of Early-staged Oral Cancer - COOLS TRIAL
NCT01434394	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Neoadjuvant Erbitux Based Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Oral/Oropharyngeal Cancer
NCT03258554	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Radiation Therapy With Durvalumab or Cetuximab in Treating Patients With Locoregionally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer Who Cannot Take Cisplatin
NCT03685409	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Cancer Chemoprevention by Metformin Hydrochloride in Oral Potentially Malignant Lesions
NCT05865548	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Addition of Aspirin to Standard of Care in Oral Cancer
NCT02734537	PHASE2	RECRUITING	Radiation Therapy With or Without Cisplatin in Treating Patients With Stage III-IVA Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck Who Have Undergone Surgery
NCT03174275	PHASE2	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Carboplatin, Nab-Paclitaxel, Durvalumab Before Surgery and Adjuvant Therapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
NCT03383094	PHASE2	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Chemoradiation vs Immunotherapy and Radiation for Head and Neck Cancer
NCT03529422	PHASE2	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Durvalumab With Radiotherapy for Adjuvant Treatment of Intermediate Risk SCCHN
NCT04191460	PHASE2	RECRUITING	Fluorescence-guided Surgery Using cRGD-ZW800-1 in Oral Cancer
NCT04862650	PHASE2	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Cemiplimab, Low-Dose Paclitaxel and Carboplatin for the Treatment of Recurrent/Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
NCT05136196	PHASE2	RECRUITING	BiCaZO: A Study Combining Two Immunotherapies (Cabozantinib and Nivolumab) to Treat Patients With Advanced Melanoma or Squamous Cell Head and Neck Cancer, an immunoMATCH Pilot Study
NCT05172258	PHASE2	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Testing the Addition of an Anti-cancer Drug, Ipatasertib, to the Usual Immunotherapy Treatment (Pembrolizumab) in Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Squamous Cell Cancer of the Head and Neck
NCT05941338	PHASE2	RECRUITING	Tirelizumab in Combination With Carboplatin and Albumin-binding Paclitaxel for Neoadjuvant Therapy in HNSCC
NCT05980702	PHASE2	RECRUITING	4 Courses vs 2 Courses of Pembrolizumab Combined With Carboplatin and Albumin-binding Paclitaxel of Neoadjuvant Therapy in HNSCC
NCT06130332	PHASE2	RECRUITING	Neoadjuvant Tirellizumab Combined With Chemotherapy for Early Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma(HNC-SYSU-004)
NCT06532279	PHASE2	RECRUITING	Testing the Addition of the Drug BMX-001, a Radioprotector, or a Placebo to the Usual Chemoradiation Therapy for Patients With Head and Neck Cancer
NCT06627270	PHASE2	RECRUITING	Antibiotic Treatment Effects on Intratumoral Bacteria Modulation in Surgical Patients With Oral Cancer
NCT06636734	PHASE2	RECRUITING	Lovastatin and Pembrolizumab for the Treatment of Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer, LAPP Trial
NCT06876038	PHASE2	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Low-cost Screening and Image-guided Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) of Premalignant and Malignant Oral Lesions
NCT06980038	PHASE2	RECRUITING	Testing Whether Cemiplimab (REGN2810) Plus CDX-1140 Given Prior to Surgery Are Better Than Cemiplimab (REGN2810) Alone in Patients With Stage III-IV Head and Neck Cancer
NCT06997068	PHASE2	RECRUITING	Methotrexate, Erlotinib, and Celecoxib for the Treatment of Recurrent/Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer in a Rural Midwest United States Population

Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Trials referencing
CETUXIMAB	4	3
ATEZOLIZUMAB	4	1
BRODALUMAB	4	1
CABOZANTINIB	4	1
CEMIPLIMAB	4	1
CHLORHEXIDINE	4	1
DEZOCINE	4	1
DOBUTAMINE	4	1
DURVALUMAB	4	1
EPINEPHRINE	4	1
ERLOTINIB	4	1
FLUDEOXYGLUCOSE F 18	4	1
LOVASTATIN	4	1
MOGAMULIZUMAB	4	1
NALBUPHINE	4	1
NAPROXEN SODIUM	4	1
NOREPINEPHRINE	4	1
SODIUM THIOSULFATE	4	1
TECHNETIUM TC 99M SULFUR COLLOID	4	1
TEMSIROLIMUS	4	1
IPATASERTIB	3	2
QUERCETIN	3	1
STARCH	3	1
XEVINAPANT	3	1
PROFLAVINE	2	4
CAMONSERTIB	2	1
CONTUSUGENE LADENOVEC	2	1
DOPEXAMINE	2	1
RACEPINEPHRINE	2	1
TOZULERISTIDE	2	1