Macular holes
disease diseaseOn this page
Also known as macular hole
Summary
Macular holes (MONDO:0006843) is a disease and 113 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include indocyanine green acid form, brilliant blue g, and dorzolamide. A subtype of retinal disorder — broader associated-gene and molecular evidence is on the parent page (see Disease family below).
At a glance
- Clinical trials: 113
Clinical features
No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.
Identifiers
Disease identifiers
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Canonical name | macular holes |
| Mondo ID | MONDO:0006843 |
| EFO | EFO:1001028 |
| DOID | DOID:7633 |
| NCIT | C34795 |
| SNOMED CT | 232006002 |
| UMLS | C0024441 |
| MedGen | 6176 |
| Is cancer (heuristic) | no |
Also known as: macular hole
Disease family
This is a subtype of retinal disorder. Genetic, therapeutic, and trial evidence is largely curated at the broader-term level — see the parent page for the associated-gene cohort and molecular evidence.
Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › nervous system disorder › retinal disorder › macular holes
Related subtypes (31): retinal ischemia, rubeosis iridis, retinal vascular disorder, retinitis, retinal nerve fiber layer disorder, retinal edema, retinal degeneration, night blindness, hypertensive retinopathy, retinal detachment, iris hypoplasia with glaucoma, angioid streaks, bradyopsia, myopic macular degeneration, osteogenesis imperfecta-retinopathy-seizures-intellectual disability syndrome, congenital retinal arteriovenous communication, Eales disease, central serous chorioretinopathy, achromatopsia, cancer-associated retinopathy, persistent placoid maculopathy, inherited vitreoretinopathy, retina neoplasm, retinal ciliopathy, melanoma associated retinopathy, isolated foveal hypoplasia, acute macular neuroretinopathy, autoimmune retinopathy, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, isolated chorioretinal dystrophy, torpedo maculopathy
Genetics & variants
GWAS landscape
No GWAS associations recorded — common-variant (GWAS) studies don’t cover this disease (typical for Mendelian / rare diseases). See the curated gene cohort and Mendelian overlap below.
Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers
No tiered GWAS variants or ClinVar records for this disease.
Genes & proteins
No associated-gene cohort resolved for this disease. Atlas builds the molecular and therapeutic sections — associated genes, protein families, druggability, pathways, interactions, and drug associations — by aggregating over a disease’s associated genes (resolved via GWAS / GenCC / ClinVar / CIViC), and none resolved here. This is expected for antibody-mediated, autoimmune, or otherwise non-gene-defined conditions; the curated evidence for this disease is its clinical features, GWAS susceptibility, and clinical trials (above).
Function
No pathway enrichment — requires an associated-gene cohort.
Therapeutics
Drugs indicated or in trials for this disease
No drug has an approved disease-direct ChEMBL indication for this disease.
1 drug in clinical trials for this disease (phase 2–3, investigational): efficacy not established — a trial record, not an indication.
| Drug | Highest phase |
|---|---|
| Ocriplasmin | Phase 3 |
Clinical trials & evidence
Clinical trials
Clinical trials: 113.
Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| Not specified | 100 |
| PHASE4 | 5 |
| PHASE2 | 4 |
| PHASE3 | 3 |
| EARLY_PHASE1 | 1 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT06536569 | PHASE4 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Comparison of Efficacy Between ILM Forceps |
| NCT02905409 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Study of Surgery in Patients With Idiopathic Macular Hole |
| NCT02930369 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Effects of Different Area of Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling (ILM) Peeling on Anatomical Outcomes in Macular Hole Surgery |
| NCT04346095 | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Oral Sedation in Vitreoretinal Surgery |
| NCT04527848 | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Comparison of Two Intraocular Gas Injection Techniques in Macula Hole Surgery |
| NCT01083004 | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Brilliant Blue Versus Indocyanine Green |
| NCT01627977 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Association of Lutein, Zeaxanthin and Brilliant Blue in Chromovitrectomy |
| NCT01820520 | PHASE3 | TERMINATED | Safety and Efficacy of Double Staining With Brilliant Blue G for Macular Surgery |
| NCT00333060 | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | Study of OT-551 Eye Drops to Prevent or Delay Progression of Nuclear Cataracts Following Vitreous Removal |
| NCT02067013 | PHASE2 | UNKNOWN | Analysis of Aqueous and Vitreous Humor |
| NCT05191628 | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | Amniotic Membrane Visio-AMTRIX in Recurrent Macular Hole |
| NCT06115005 | PHASE2 | UNKNOWN | Treatment of Challenging Macular Holes Using Plasma Rich in Growth Factors |
| NCT03437759 | EARLY_PHASE1 | UNKNOWN | MSC-Exos Promote Healing of MHs |
| NCT02423213 | Not specified | RECRUITING | DISCOVER Study: Microscope-integrated Intraoperative OCT Study |
| NCT03713268 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Intraoperative OCT Guidance of Intraocular Surgery II |
| NCT04904679 | Not specified | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | The Use of Amniotic Membrane or Internal Limiting Membrane for Large or Refractory Macular Holes: A Prospective Study |
| NCT06000111 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Duration of Face Down Positioning for Full-Thickness Macular Hole Repair |
| NCT06079593 | Not specified | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | GaslEss Macular Hole Surgery |
| NCT06211907 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Small Macular Holes Treated With Air |
| NCT06359548 | Not specified | RECRUITING | PEELED INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE REPOSITION |
| NCT06433284 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Comparative Study of Decellularized Human Amniotic Membrane Hydrogel and Inverted Internal Limiting Membrane Flap in Idiopathic Large Macular Holes |
| NCT06685328 | Not specified | ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION | Minimal Vitrectomy and ILM Flap with Sodium Hyaluronate Gel for MH |
| NCT06908824 | Not specified | RECRUITING | No Endotamponade for Macular Hole Repair: the NEMAR Study |
| NCT06927544 | Not specified | ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION | Intraocular Gas Tamponade for Treatment of Large Idiopathic Macular Holes |
| NCT06985030 | Not specified | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Head Position Monitoring After Pars Planar Vitrectomy |
| NCT07129798 | Not specified | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Efficacy and Safety of Myopic Macular Hole Closure Surgery Without Endotamponade Agent |
| NCT07228091 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Surgical Procedure Efficiency Evaluation stuDy |
| NCT07291960 | Not specified | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Retinal Clinical Assessment With AI-derived Quantitative Information |
| NCT07606404 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Full-Thickness Macular Hole Surgery: A Comparison of Ten Techniques |
| NCT00190164 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Alleviated Positioning for Small Macular Holes |
| NCT00190190 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling for Large Macular Holes |
| NCT00302328 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Trial of Prognostic Factors and Surgical Methods for the Treatment of Idiopathic Macular Holes |
| NCT00408720 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Comparison of a Spectral OCT/SLO With the Stratus OCT for Imaging Various Retinal Pathologies |
| NCT00419185 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Indocyanine Green or Trypan Blue for Delamination of the Internal Limiting Membrane in Macular Hole Surgery |
| NCT00537992 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Blue-Blocking IOLs in Combined Surgery |
| NCT00555269 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Membrane Blue Versus Infracyanine Green |
| NCT00737074 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Macular Hole in Diabetic Retinopathy |
| NCT00757471 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Brillant Blue Versus Indocyanine Green for Macular Hole Surgery |
| NCT00941291 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Outcome of Idiopathic Macular Hole |
| NCT01069029 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Combined Versus Successive Macular Hole and Cataract Surgery |
Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)
| Molecule | Max phase | Trials referencing |
|---|---|---|
| INDOCYANINE GREEN ACID FORM | 4 | 4 |
| BRILLIANT BLUE G | 4 | 2 |
| DORZOLAMIDE | 4 | 1 |
| CHEMBL1230914 | 0 | 1 |
| E133 | 0 | 1 |
| AIR, MEDICAL | -1 | 1 |