Methylmalonic acidemia
diseaseOn this page
Also known as methylmalonic acidemia, cblA typemethylmalonic acidemia, cblB typemethylmalonic aciduriamethylmalonic aciduria cblB typemethylmalonic aciduria due to methylmalonyl-CoA mutase deficiencymethylmalonic aciduria mut typemethylmalonic aciduria type cblAmethylmalonic aciduria type cblBmethylmalonic aciduria, mut typemethylmalonic aciduria, vitamin B12-responsive, due to defect in synthesis of adenosylcobalamin, cblA typemethylmalonic aciduria, vitamin B12-responsive, due to defect in synthesis of adenosylcobalamin, cblB typeMETHYLMALONICACIDURIA due to methylmalonic CoA mutase deficiencyMETHYLMALONICACIDURIA, vitamin B12-responsive, due to defect in synthesis of adenosylcobalamin--Cbl AMETHYLMALONICACIDURIA, vitamin B12-responsive, due to defect in synthesis of adenosylcobalamin--Cbl B
Summary
Methylmalonic acidemia (MONDO:0002012) is a disease (an umbrella term covering 7 Mondo subtypes) with 6 cohort genes and 23 clinical trials. The dominant Reactome pathway is Propionyl-CoA catabolism (3 cohort genes). Top therapeutic interventions include carglumic acid and hydroxocobalamin.
At a glance
- Umbrella term: 7 Mondo subtypes
- Cohort genes: 6
- ClinVar variants: 196
- Clinical trials: 23
Clinical features
No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.
Identifiers
Disease identifiers
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Canonical name | methylmalonic acidemia |
| Mondo ID | MONDO:0002012 |
| MeSH | C537358 |
| OMIM | 251000 |
| DOID | DOID:14749 |
| ICD-10-CM | E71.120 |
| NCIT | C98986 |
| SNOMED CT | 42393006 |
| UMLS | C0268583 |
| MedGen | 120654 |
| GARD | 0007033 |
| Is cancer (heuristic) | no |
Also known as: methylmalonic acidemia, cblA type · methylmalonic acidemia, cblB type · methylmalonic aciduria · methylmalonic aciduria cblB type · methylmalonic aciduria due to methylmalonyl-CoA mutase deficiency · methylmalonic aciduria mut type · methylmalonic aciduria type cblA · methylmalonic aciduria type cblB · methylmalonic aciduria, mut type · methylmalonic aciduria, vitamin B12-responsive, due to defect in synthesis of adenosylcobalamin, cblA type · methylmalonic aciduria, vitamin B12-responsive, due to defect in synthesis of adenosylcobalamin, cblB type · METHYLMALONICACIDURIA due to methylmalonic CoA mutase deficiency · METHYLMALONICACIDURIA, vitamin B12-responsive, due to defect in synthesis of adenosylcobalamin–Cbl A · METHYLMALONICACIDURIA, vitamin B12-responsive, due to defect in synthesis of adenosylcobalamin–Cbl B
Data availability: 196 ClinVar variants · 1 GenCC gene-disease record · 244 cell lines.
Disease family
An umbrella term covering 7 Mondo subtypes.
Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by etiologic mechanism › disease of genetic or genomic mechanism › hereditary disease › inborn errors of metabolism › inborn disorder of amino acid and other organic acid metabolism › inborn disorder of amino acid metabolism › inborn organic aciduria › methylmalonic acidemia
Related subtypes (6): glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, glutaric acidemia type 3, malonic aciduria, maple syrup urine disease, methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency, classic organic aciduria
Subtypes (7): methylmalonic aciduria due to methylmalonyl-CoA mutase deficiency, methylmalonic acidemia due to methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase deficiency, methylmalonic acidemia due to transcobalamin receptor defect, combined malonic and methylmalonic acidemia, methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria, vitamin B12-responsive methylmalonic acidemia, isolated methylmalonic aciduria cblD type
Genetics & variants
GWAS landscape
No GWAS associations recorded — common-variant (GWAS) studies don’t cover this disease (typical for Mendelian / rare diseases). See the curated gene cohort and Mendelian overlap below.
Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers
ClinVar germline variants
196 retrieved; paginated sample, class counts are floors:
69 pathogenic, 44 uncertain significance, 31 pathogenic/likely pathogenic, 16 likely benign, 12 conflicting classifications of pathogenicity, 12 likely pathogenic, 11 benign, 1 benign/likely benign
| ClinVar | Variant (HGVS) | Gene | Classification | Review |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 419126 | NM_001243279.3(ACSF3):c.1446_1447del (p.Tyr482_Lys483delinsTer) | ACSF3 | Pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 2343 | NM_032601.4(MCEE):c.139C>T (p.Arg47Ter) | MCEE | Pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 1073197 | NM_172250.3(MMAA):c.434G>A (p.Arg145Gln) | MMAA | Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 203814 | NM_172250.3(MMAA):c.387C>A (p.Tyr129Ter) | MMAA | Pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 203815 | NM_172250.3(MMAA):c.593_596del (p.Thr198fs) | MMAA | Pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 203816 | NM_172250.3(MMAA):c.988C>T (p.Arg330Ter) | MMAA | Pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 218969 | NM_172250.3(MMAA):c.64C>T (p.Arg22Ter) | MMAA | Pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 218976 | NM_172250.3(MMAA):c.650T>A (p.Leu217Ter) | MMAA | Pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 3158 | NM_172250.3(MMAA):c.283C>T (p.Gln95Ter) | MMAA | Pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 3160 | NM_172250.3(MMAA):c.433C>T (p.Arg145Ter) | MMAA | Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 440805 | NM_172250.3(MMAA):c.658G>A (p.Val220Met) | MMAA | Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 466217 | NM_172250.3(MMAA):c.586C>T (p.Arg196Ter) | MMAA | Pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 496554 | NM_172250.3(MMAA):c.742C>T (p.Gln248Ter) | MMAA | Pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 550209 | NM_172250.3(MMAA):c.411_414del (p.Asn137fs) | MMAA | Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 551182 | NM_172250.3(MMAA):c.450dup (p.Pro151fs) | MMAA | Pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 1173993 | NM_052845.4(MMAB):c.367del (p.Asp123fs) | MMAB | Pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 203819 | NM_052845.4(MMAB):c.569G>A (p.Arg190His) | MMAB | Pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 203820 | NM_052845.4(MMAB):c.700C>T (p.Gln234Ter) | MMAB | Pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 203822 | NM_052845.4(MMAB):c.563_577dup (p.Val188_Ala192dup) | MMAB | Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 219004 | NM_052845.4(MMAB):c.291-1G>A | MMAB | Pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 219008 | NM_052845.4(MMAB):c.197-1G>T | MMAB | Pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 284356 | NM_052845.4(MMAB):c.625G>A (p.Val209Met) | MMAB | Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 3095 | NM_052845.4(MMAB):c.556C>T (p.Arg186Trp) | MMAB | Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 550793 | NM_052845.4(MMAB):c.12C>A (p.Cys4Ter) | MMAB | Pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 551214 | NM_052845.4(MMAB):c.454G>T (p.Glu152Ter) | MMAB | Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 552212 | NM_052845.4(MMAB):c.557G>A (p.Arg186Gln) | MMAB | Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 100707 | NM_000255.4(MMUT):c.323G>A (p.Arg108His) | MMUT | Pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 1069591 | NM_000255.4(MMUT):c.1658del (p.Val553fs) | MMUT | Pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 1075640 | NM_000255.4(MMUT):c.1295A>C (p.Glu432Ala) | MMUT | Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 1499715 | NM_000255.4(MMUT):c.785G>A (p.Ser262Asn) | MMUT | Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
Genes & proteins
Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers
GenCC: 1 · Orphanet: 6 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0
GenCC gene–disease validity (cohort genes)
the Disease column is the GenCC-asserted condition — a cohort gene’s strongest validity may be for a related predisposition syndrome.
| Gene | Classification | Inheritance | Disease | Records |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZNF143 | Moderate | Autosomal recessive | methylmalonic acidemia |
Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)
| Gene | Orphanet ID | Rare disease |
|---|---|---|
| MCEE | Orphanet:308425 | Methylmalonic acidemia due to methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase deficiency |
| MMAA | Orphanet:79310 | Vitamin B12-responsive methylmalonic acidemia type cblA |
| MMAB | Orphanet:79311 | Vitamin B12-responsive methylmalonic acidemia type cblB |
| ACSF3 | Orphanet:289504 | Combined malonic and methylmalonic acidemia |
| MMUT | Orphanet:289916 | Vitamin B12-unresponsive methylmalonic acidemia type mut0 |
| MMUT | Orphanet:79312 | Vitamin B12-unresponsive methylmalonic acidemia type mut- |
Cohort genes → proteins
6 cohort genes, 6 distinct canonical proteins.
Evidence partition
| Subset | Genes |
|---|---|
| multi_evidence | 6 |
Cohort genes (full)
| Symbol | HGNC | Ensembl | UniProt | Name | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZNF143 | HGNC:12928 | ENSG00000166478 | P52747 | Zinc finger protein 143 | gencc |
| MCEE | HGNC:16732 | ENSG00000124370 | Q96PE7 | Methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase, mitochondrial | clinvar |
| MMAA | HGNC:18871 | ENSG00000151611 | Q8IVH4 | Methylmalonic aciduria type A protein, mitochondrial | clinvar |
| MMAB | HGNC:19331 | ENSG00000139428 | Q96EY8 | Corrinoid adenosyltransferase MMAB | clinvar |
| ACSF3 | HGNC:27288 | ENSG00000176715 | Q4G176 | Malonate–CoA ligase ACSF3, mitochondrial | clinvar |
| MMUT | HGNC:7526 | ENSG00000146085 | P22033 | Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, mitochondrial | clinvar |
Cohort function summary
Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.
| Symbol | Protein name | Function (lead sentence) |
|---|---|---|
| ZNF143 | Zinc finger protein 143 | Transcription factor that activates expression of genes transcribed by both RNA polymerases II and III, and which is required to safeguard mitochondrial activity. |
| MCEE | Methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase, mitochondrial | Methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase involved in propionyl-CoA metabolism. |
| MMAA | Methylmalonic aciduria type A protein, mitochondrial | GTPase, binds and hydrolyzes GTP. |
| MMAB | Corrinoid adenosyltransferase MMAB | Converts cob(I)alamin to adenosylcobalamin (adenosylcob(III)alamin), a coenzyme for methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, therefore participates in the final step of the vitamin B12 conversion. |
| ACSF3 | Malonate–CoA ligase ACSF3, mitochondrial | Catalyzes the initial reaction in intramitochondrial fatty acid synthesis, by activating malonate and methylmalonate, but not acetate, into their respective CoA thioester. |
| MMUT | Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, mitochondrial | Catalyzes the reversible isomerization of methylmalonyl-CoA (MMCoA) (generated from branched-chain amino acid metabolism and degradation of dietary odd chain fatty acids and cholesterol) to succinyl-CoA (3-carboxypropionyl-CoA), a key inte… |
Protein-family classification
Druggable: 3 · Difficult: 1 · Unknown: 2 · Druggable fraction: 0.5
Family distribution
Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.
| Family | Genes | Fold | FDR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Enzyme (other) | 3 | 6.0× | 0.029 |
| Transcription factor | 1 | 1.4× | 0.809 |
| Other/Unknown | 2 | 0.6× | 0.936 |
Per-gene assignment
| Symbol | Family | Druggable? | EC | InterPro (top 3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZNF143 | Transcription factor | no | Znf_C2H2_type, Znf_C2H2_sf | |
| MCEE | Enzyme (other) | yes | 5.1.99.1 | MeMalonyl-CoA_epimerase, Glyas_Bleomycin-R_OHBP_Dase, VOC_core |
| MMAA | Other/Unknown | no | GTPase_ArgK, P-loop_NTPase | |
| MMAB | Enzyme (other) | yes | 2.5.1.17 | CblAdoTrfase-like, PduO-typ, CblAdoTrfase-like_sf |
| ACSF3 | Other/Unknown | no | AMP-dep_synth/lig_dom, AMP-binding_CS, AMP-bd_C | |
| MMUT | Enzyme (other) | yes | 5.4.99.2 | MMCoA_mutase_a_cat, MeMalonylCoA_mutase_a/b_cat, Cobalamin-bd |
Expression context
Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.
5 cohort genes are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.
Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)
| Bucket | Genes |
|---|---|
| narrow (1-5 tissues) | 0 |
| moderate (6-20) | 0 |
| broad (>20) | 6 |
| unknown | 0 |
Top tissues across cohort
| Tissue | Cohort genes |
|---|---|
| right lobe of liver | 2 |
| oocyte | 2 |
| right adrenal gland | 2 |
| calcaneal tendon | 1 |
| ganglionic eminence | 1 |
| ventricular zone | 1 |
| body of pancreas | 1 |
| left ventricle myocardium | 1 |
| secondary oocyte | 1 |
| tibialis anterior | 1 |
| right adrenal gland cortex | 1 |
| granulocyte | 1 |
| mucosa of transverse colon | 1 |
| choroid plexus epithelium | 1 |
| nephron tubule | 1 |
Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)
| Symbol | Bgee breadth | FANTOM5 breadth | SCXA | Top tissues |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZNF143 | 262 | ubiquitous | marker | calcaneal tendon, ventricular zone, ganglionic eminence |
| MCEE | 249 | ubiquitous | marker | body of pancreas, right lobe of liver, left ventricle myocardium |
| MMAA | 251 | ubiquitous | yes | secondary oocyte, oocyte, tibialis anterior |
| MMAB | 235 | ubiquitous | marker | right lobe of liver, right adrenal gland cortex, right adrenal gland |
| ACSF3 | 173 | ubiquitous | marker | mucosa of transverse colon, granulocyte, right adrenal gland |
| MMUT | 296 | ubiquitous | marker | choroid plexus epithelium, oocyte, nephron tubule |
Protein interactions among cohort
Intra-cohort edges: 8.
Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)
| Symbol | Interactor count |
|---|---|
| MMUT | 3,709 |
| ACSF3 | 2,854 |
| MCEE | 2,320 |
| ZNF143 | 1,892 |
| MMAB | 1,121 |
| MMAA | 305 |
Intra-cohort edges
| A | B | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| ACSF3 | MCEE | string_interaction |
| ACSF3 | MMAB | string_interaction |
| MCEE | MMAA | string_interaction |
| MCEE | MMAB | string_interaction |
| MCEE | MMUT | string_interaction |
| MMAA | MMAB | string_interaction |
| MMAA | MMUT | intact, string_interaction |
| MMAB | MMUT | string_interaction |
Structural data
PDB: 4 · AlphaFold-only: 2 · No structure: 0
Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)
| Symbol | UniProt | PDB entries |
|---|---|---|
| MMAB | Q96EY8 | 6 |
| MMUT | P22033 | 6 |
| MCEE | Q96PE7 | 2 |
| MMAA | Q8IVH4 | 2 |
AlphaFold-only cohort genes (top 30 by pLDDT)
| Symbol | UniProt | pLDDT |
|---|---|---|
| ACSF3 | Q4G176 | 86.58 |
| ZNF143 | P52747 | 50.91 |
Function
Pathway analysis
Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 23. Enrichment computed across 6 evidence-associated genes (6 with Reactome annotation).
Pathways by enrichment
Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 6 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.
| Pathway | Cohort genes | Fold | FDR | Sample cohort genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Propionyl-CoA catabolism | 3 | 1142.0× | 2e-08 | MCEE, MMAA, MMUT |
| Cobalamin (Cbl) metabolism | 3 | 634.4× | 8e-08 | MMAA, MMAB, MMUT |
| Defects in cobalamin (B12) metabolism | 3 | 407.9× | 2e-07 | MMAA, MMAB, MMUT |
| Fatty acid metabolism | 4 | 87.5× | 3e-07 | MCEE, MMAA, ACSF3, MMUT |
| Cobalamin (Cbl, vitamin B12) transport and metabolism | 3 | 317.2× | 3e-07 | MMAA, MMAB, MMUT |
| Defects in vitamin and cofactor metabolism | 3 | 300.5× | 3e-07 | MMAA, MMAB, MMUT |
| Defective MMAA causes MMA, cblA type | 2 | 1903.3× | 5e-07 | MMAA, MMUT |
| Defective MUT causes MMAM | 2 | 1903.3× | 5e-07 | MMAA, MMUT |
| Diseases of mitochondrial beta oxidation | 2 | 1903.3× | 5e-07 | MMAA, MMUT |
| Diseases of propionyl-CoA catabolism | 2 | 1903.3× | 5e-07 | MMAA, MMUT |
| Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation | 3 | 190.3× | 7e-07 | MCEE, MMAA, MMUT |
| Metabolism of water-soluble vitamins and cofactors | 3 | 90.6× | 6e-06 | MMAA, MMAB, MMUT |
| Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors | 3 | 58.3× | 2e-05 | MMAA, MMAB, MMUT |
| Metabolism of lipids | 4 | 21.0× | 2e-05 | MCEE, MMAA, ACSF3, MMUT |
| Metabolism | 5 | 9.7× | 4e-05 | MCEE, MMAA, MMAB, ACSF3, MMUT |
| Diseases of metabolism | 3 | 40.2× | 5e-05 | MMAA, MMAB, MMUT |
| Defective MMAB causes MMA, cblB type | 1 | 951.7× | 0.001 | MMAB |
| Disease | 3 | 6.5× | 0.010 | MMAA, MMAB, MMUT |
| Synthesis of very long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs | 1 | 76.1× | 0.016 | ACSF3 |
| Fatty acyl-CoA biosynthesis | 1 | 73.2× | 0.016 | ACSF3 |
| RNA Polymerase III Transcription Initiation From Type 3 Promoter | 1 | 68.0× | 0.016 | ZNF143 |
| RNA Polymerase III Abortive And Retractive Initiation | 1 | 46.4× | 0.022 | ZNF143 |
| RNA polymerase II transcribes snRNA genes | 1 | 25.7× | 0.038 | ZNF143 |
GO biological processes by enrichment
Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 6 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.
| GO term | Cohort genes | Fold | FDR | Sample cohort genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| succinyl-CoA biosynthetic process | 2 | 2808.7× | 2e-06 | MMAA, MMUT |
| cobalamin metabolic process | 2 | 510.7× | 5e-05 | MMAA, MMAB |
| obsolete propionate metabolic process, methylmalonyl pathway | 1 | 2808.7× | 0.001 | MMUT |
| L-methylmalonyl-CoA metabolic process | 1 | 2808.7× | 0.001 | MCEE |
| malonate catabolic process | 1 | 2808.7× | 0.001 | ACSF3 |
| short-chain fatty acid catabolic process | 1 | 936.2× | 0.003 | MCEE |
| homocysteine metabolic process | 1 | 312.1× | 0.007 | MMUT |
| regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase III | 1 | 280.9× | 0.007 | ZNF143 |
| long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process | 1 | 140.4× | 0.013 | ACSF3 |
| fatty acid biosynthetic process | 1 | 58.5× | 0.027 | ACSF3 |
| positive regulation of GTPase activity | 1 | 46.0× | 0.031 | MMUT |
| post-embryonic development | 1 | 34.2× | 0.038 | MMUT |
| fatty acid metabolic process | 1 | 32.3× | 0.038 | ACSF3 |
| regulation of DNA-templated transcription | 1 | 5.3× | 0.201 | ZNF143 |
| positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | 1 | 2.5× | 0.364 | ZNF143 |
| regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | 1 | 1.9× | 0.416 | ZNF143 |
Therapeutics
Drug target analysis
Approved (phase 4): 0 · Phase ≥3: 0 · Phased (≥1): 0 · Undrugged: 6
Druggability breadth: 2 of 6 evidence-associated genes (33%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).
Top cohort targets by molecule count
| Symbol | Molecules | Max phase |
|---|---|---|
| ZNF143 | 0 | 0 |
| MCEE | 0 | 0 |
| MMAA | 0 | 0 |
| MMAB | 0 | 0 |
| ACSF3 | 0 | 0 |
| MMUT | 0 | 0 |
Bioactivity and enzyme data
Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 3.
Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)
| Symbol | Assays | Type breakdown |
|---|---|---|
| MMAB | 1 | Binding:1 |
| ACSF3 | 1 | Binding:1 |
Cohort enzymes (BRENDA EC)
| Symbol | EC numbers | Names |
|---|---|---|
| MCEE | 5.1.99.1 | methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase |
| MMAB | 2.5.1.17 | corrinoid adenosyltransferase |
| MMUT | 5.4.99.2 | methylmalonyl-CoA mutase |
Pharmacogenomics
Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 6; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.
No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).
Chemical tractability of cohort targets
0 approved/phased compounds have measured bioactivity against a cohort gene (and aren’t yet in disease-level trials). This is a research / tractability signal, NOT a therapeutic recommendation — a bioactivity row often reflects off-target or screening binding (e.g. promiscuous kinase inhibitors against a cohort kinase), implying no disease mechanism.
Druggability pyramid
Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):
| Tier | Definition | Genes | Symbols |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | Approved (phase 4 drug) | 0 | |
| B | Phased (≥1) drug, not yet approved | 0 | |
| C | Druggable family + PDB, no drug | 3 | MCEE, MMAB, MMUT |
| D | Druggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug | 0 | |
| E | Difficult family or no structure, no drug | 3 | ZNF143, MMAA, ACSF3 |
Undrugged target profiles
6 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).
| Symbol | ChEMBL assays | Drugged partners (top 3) |
|---|---|---|
| ZNF143 | 0 | — |
| MCEE | 0 | — |
| MMAA | 0 | — |
| MMAB | 1 | — |
| ACSF3 | 1 | — |
| MMUT | 0 | — |
Clinical trials & evidence
Clinical trials
Clinical trials: 23.
Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| Not specified | 11 |
| PHASE1/PHASE2 | 5 |
| PHASE2 | 4 |
| PHASE3 | 2 |
| PHASE1 | 1 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT07163364 | PHASE3 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | A Study to Evaluate the Effects and Safety of Hydroxocobalamin in Participants With Combined Methylmalonic Academia (cblC Type) |
| NCT02426775 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | Carglumic Acid in Methylmalonic Acidemia and Propionic Acidemia |
| NCT05295433 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | RECRUITING | An Extension Study to Evaluate the Long-Term Safety and Clinical Activity of mRNA-3705 in Participants Previously Enrolled in Other Clinical Studies of mRNA-3705 |
| NCT01341379 | PHASE2 | WITHDRAWN | Increasing Ureagenesis in Inborn Errors of Metabolism With N-Carbamylglutamate |
| NCT01597440 | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | Long-term Outcome of N-Carbamylglutamate Treatment in Propionic Acidemia and Methylmalonic Acidemia |
| NCT01599286 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Short-Term Outcome of N-Carbamylglutamate in the Treatment of Acute Hyperammonemia |
| NCT03810690 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | WITHDRAWN | Open Label Study of mRNA-3704 in Patients With Isolated Methylmalonic Acidemia |
| NCT04581785 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | TERMINATED | Gene Therapy With hLB-001 in Pediatric Patients With Severe Methylmalonic Acidemia |
| NCT04732429 | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | Study of HST5040 in Subjects With Propionic or Methylmalonic Acidemia |
| NCT04899310 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | TERMINATED | A Study to Assess the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of mRNA-3705 in Participants With Isolated Methylmalonic Acidemia |
| NCT05778877 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | WITHDRAWN | A Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacodynamics of SEL-302 in Pediatric Subjects With MMA |
| NCT04836494 | PHASE1 | TERMINATED | A First in Human, Dose Escalation Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of BBP-671 in Healthy Volunteers and Patients With Propionic Acidemia or Methylmalonic Acidemia |
| NCT00078078 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Clinical and Laboratory Study of Methylmalonic Acidemia |
| NCT03655223 | Not specified | ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION | Early Check: Expanded Screening in Newborns |
| NCT04176523 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Understanding the Long-Term Management of Organic Acidemia Patients With CARBAGLU®: A Mixed Methods Approach |
| NCT05040178 | Not specified | RECRUITING | An Observational Study of Carbaglu® for the Treatment of MMA and PA in Adults and Pediatrics |
| NCT05506254 | Not specified | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Long-term Follow-up Study of Patients Who Received hLB-001 Gene Therapy |
| NCT06664840 | Not specified | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | MyRareDiet A Novel Diet Tracking Tool |
| NCT07432880 | Not specified | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | A Prospective Study of Pediatric Participants up to 16 Years of Age With Methylmalonic Acidemia (MMA) Due to Mutations in the MMUT Gene |
| NCT01289158 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | Combined Malonic and Methylmalonic Aciduria (CMAMMA): Gene Identification and Outcome Study |
| NCT03484767 | Not specified | COMPLETED | The MaP Study: Mapping the Patient Journey in MMA and PA |
| NCT05330039 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Characterization of Intestinal Microbiota in Children With Inborn Errors of Metabolism (IEM) |
| NCT05438485 | Not specified | TERMINATED | Natural History Study of Patients With Methylmalonic Acidemia and Propionic Acidemia |
Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)
| Molecule | Max phase | Trials referencing |
|---|---|---|
| CARGLUMIC ACID | 4 | 4 |
| HYDROXOCOBALAMIN | 4 | 1 |
| CHEMBL1891960 | 0 | 3 |
Related Atlas pages
- Cohort genes: ZNF143, MCEE, MMAA, MMAB, ACSF3, MMUT
- Drugs: Carglumic Acid, Hydroxocobalamin