Mucopolysaccharidosis
diseaseOn this page
Also known as MPSMucopolysaccharidoses
Summary
Mucopolysaccharidosis (MONDO:0019249) is a disease (an umbrella term covering 8 Mondo subtypes) caused by ARSK (GenCC Strong), with 7 cohort genes and 33 clinical trials. The dominant Reactome pathway is HS-GAG degradation (4 cohort genes). Top therapeutic interventions include vestronidase alfa, idursulfase, and rituximab.
At a glance
- Prevalence: 1-9 / 1 000 000 (United States) [Orphanet-validated]
- Causal gene: ARSK (GenCC Strong)
- Umbrella term: 8 Mondo subtypes
- Cohort genes: 7
- ClinVar variants: 21
- Clinical trials: 33
Clinical features
Epidemiology
Prevalence records
22 prevalence record(s), Orphanet, top 20 (validated / broadest geography first):
| Type | Class | Value | Geography | Validation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence at birth | 1-9 / 100 000 | Worldwide | Validated | |
| Prevalence at birth | 1-9 / 100 000 | Europe | Validated | |
| Point prevalence | 1-9 / 1 000 000 | 0.267 | United States | Validated |
| Point prevalence | 1-9 / 100 000 | 1.04 | Brazil | Validated |
| Prevalence at birth | 1-9 / 100 000 | 4.5 | Netherlands | Validated |
| Prevalence at birth | 1-9 / 100 000 | 3.9 | Australia | Validated |
| Prevalence at birth | 1-9 / 100 000 | 4.8 | Portugal | Validated |
| Prevalence at birth | 1-9 / 100 000 | 3.53 | Germany | Validated |
| Prevalence at birth | 1-9 / 100 000 | 2.22 | Sweden | Validated |
| Prevalence at birth | 1-9 / 100 000 | 3.08 | Norway | Validated |
| Prevalence at birth | 1-9 / 100 000 | 1.77 | Denmark | Validated |
| Prevalence at birth | 1-9 / 100 000 | 1.81 | Poland | Validated |
| Prevalence at birth | 1-9 / 100 000 | 3.72 | Czech Republic | Validated |
| Prevalence at birth | 1-9 / 100 000 | 2.29 | Tunisia | Validated |
| Prevalence at birth | 1-9 / 100 000 | 2.04 | Taiwan, Province of China | Validated |
| Prevalence at birth | 1-9 / 100 000 | 4.05 | Estonia | Validated |
| Prevalence at birth | 1-9 / 100 000 | 1.53 | Japan | Validated |
| Prevalence at birth | 1-9 / 100 000 | 1.56 | Switzerland | Validated |
| Prevalence at birth | 1-9 / 100 000 | 1.25 | Brazil | Validated |
| Prevalence at birth | 1-5 / 10 000 | 16.9 | Saudi Arabia | Validated |
Identifiers
Disease identifiers
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Canonical name | mucopolysaccharidosis |
| Mondo ID | MONDO:0019249 |
| MeSH | D009083 |
| OMIM | 607014 |
| Orphanet | 79213 |
| DOID | DOID:12798 |
| ICD-11 | 1596128696 |
| NCIT | C61259 |
| SNOMED CT | 11380006 |
| UMLS | C0026703 |
| MedGen | 7733 |
| GARD | 0007065 |
| MedDRA | 10028093 |
| NORD | 1461 |
| Is cancer (heuristic) | no |
Also known as: MPS · Mucopolysaccharidoses · mucopolysaccharidoses · mucopolysaccharidosis
Data availability: 21 ClinVar variants · 1 GenCC gene-disease record · 2 cell lines.
Disease family
An umbrella term covering 8 Mondo subtypes.
Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by etiologic mechanism › disease of genetic or genomic mechanism › hereditary disease › inborn errors of metabolism › lysosomal storage disease › mucopolysaccharidosis
Related subtypes (10): lysosomal acid phosphatase deficiency, glycoprotein storage disease, pycnodysostosis, hereditary spastic paraplegia 48, late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, glycoproteinosis, disorder of sialic acid metabolism, lysosomal glycogen storage disease, lysosomal lipid storage disorder, inborn disorder of lysosomal amino acid transport
Subtypes (8): mucopolysaccharidosis type 1, mucopolysaccharidosis type 6, mucopolysaccharidosis type 7, mucopolysaccharidosis type 2, mucopolysaccharidosis type 9, mucopolysaccharidosis type 3, mucopolysaccharidosis type 4, mucopolysaccharidosis, type 10
Genetics & variants
GWAS landscape
No GWAS associations recorded — common-variant (GWAS) studies don’t cover this disease (typical for Mendelian / rare diseases). See the curated gene cohort and Mendelian overlap below.
Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers
ClinVar germline variants
21 retrieved; paginated sample, class counts are floors:
8 pathogenic, 6 pathogenic/likely pathogenic, 3 uncertain significance, 2 not provided, 1 conflicting classifications of pathogenicity, 1 likely pathogenic
| ClinVar | Variant (HGVS) | Gene | Classification | Review |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5107 | NM_000199.5(SGSH):c.734G>A (p.Arg245His) | CARD14 | Pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 252961 | NM_152419.3(HGSNAT):c.518G>A (p.Gly173Asp) | HGSNAT | Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 1562 | NM_000263.4(NAGLU):c.889C>T (p.Arg297Ter) | NAGLU | Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 1565 | NM_000263.4(NAGLU):c.1927C>T (p.Arg643Cys) | NAGLU | Pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 1566 | NM_000263.4(NAGLU):c.1562C>T (p.Pro521Leu) | NAGLU | Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 522823 | NM_000263.4(NAGLU):c.1834A>G (p.Ser612Gly) | NAGLU | Pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 632282 | NM_000263.4(NAGLU):c.1900G>A (p.Glu634Lys) | NAGLU | Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 830367 | NM_000263.4(NAGLU):c.1489C>G (p.Leu497Val) | NAGLU | Pathogenic | criteria provided, single submitter |
| 279891 | NM_000199.5(SGSH):c.1139A>G (p.Gln380Arg) | SGSH | Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 30459 | NM_000199.5(SGSH):c.892T>C (p.Ser298Pro) | SGSH | Pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 5108 | NM_000199.5(SGSH):c.220C>T (p.Arg74Cys) | SGSH | Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 5111 | NM_000199.5(SGSH):c.197C>G (p.Ser66Trp) | SGSH | Pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 518268 | NM_000199.5(SGSH):c.1080del (p.Val361fs) | SGSH | Pathogenic | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 11909 | NM_000203.5(IDUA):c.208C>T (p.Gln70Ter) | SLC26A1 | Pathogenic | reviewed by expert panel |
| 553204 | NM_000263.4(NAGLU):c.1000G>T (p.Val334Phe) | NAGLU | Likely pathogenic | criteria provided, single submitter |
| 1237 | NM_152419.3(HGSNAT):c.1030C>T (p.Arg344Cys) | HGSNAT | Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity | criteria provided, conflicting classifications |
| 830366 | NM_152419.3(HGSNAT):c.1616C>G (p.Ser539Cys) | HGSNAT | Uncertain significance | criteria provided, single submitter |
| 648087 | NM_000203.5(IDUA):c.932C>T (p.Pro311Leu) | IDUA | Uncertain significance | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 905910 | NM_000203.5(IDUA):c.806C>G (p.Ser269Cys) | IDUA | Uncertain significance | criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts |
| 830365 | NM_152419.3(HGSNAT):c.784G>A (p.Gly262Arg) | HGSNAT | not provided | no classification provided |
| 830368 | NM_000263.4(NAGLU):c.529C>T (p.Arg177Trp) | NAGLU | not provided | no classification provided |
Genes & proteins
Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers
GenCC: 2 · Orphanet: 10 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0
GenCC gene–disease validity (cohort genes)
the Disease column is the GenCC-asserted condition — a cohort gene’s strongest validity may be for a related predisposition syndrome.
| Gene | Classification | Inheritance | Disease | Records |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ARSK | Strong | Autosomal recessive | mucopolysaccharidosis, type 10 | 2 |
Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)
| Gene | Orphanet ID | Rare disease |
|---|---|---|
| ARSK | Orphanet:662216 | Mucopolysaccharidosis type 10 |
| SGSH | Orphanet:79269 | Sanfilippo syndrome type A |
| CARD14 | Orphanet:2897 | Pityriasis rubra pilaris |
| HGSNAT | Orphanet:791 | Retinitis pigmentosa |
| HGSNAT | Orphanet:79271 | Sanfilippo syndrome type C |
| IDUA | Orphanet:93473 | Hurler syndrome |
| IDUA | Orphanet:93474 | Scheie syndrome |
| IDUA | Orphanet:93476 | Hurler-Scheie syndrome |
| NAGLU | Orphanet:447964 | Autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2V |
| NAGLU | Orphanet:79270 | Sanfilippo syndrome type B |
Cohort genes → proteins
7 cohort genes, 7 distinct canonical proteins.
Evidence partition
| Subset | Genes |
|---|---|
| multi_evidence | 7 |
Cohort genes (full)
| Symbol | HGNC | Ensembl | UniProt | Name | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ARSK | HGNC:25239 | ENSG00000164291 | Q6UWY0 | Arylsulfatase K | gencc |
| SGSH | HGNC:10818 | ENSG00000181523 | P51688 | N-sulphoglucosamine sulphohydrolase | clinvar |
| SLC26A1 | HGNC:10993 | ENSG00000145217 | Q9H2B4 | Sulfate anion transporter 1 | clinvar |
| CARD14 | HGNC:16446 | ENSG00000141527 | Q9BXL6 | Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 14 | clinvar |
| HGSNAT | HGNC:26527 | ENSG00000165102 | Q68CP4 | Heparan-alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase | clinvar |
| IDUA | HGNC:5391 | ENSG00000127415 | P35475 | Alpha-L-iduronidase | clinvar |
| NAGLU | HGNC:7632 | ENSG00000108784 | P54802 | Alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase | clinvar |
Cohort function summary
Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.
| Symbol | Protein name | Function (lead sentence) |
|---|---|---|
| ARSK | Arylsulfatase K | Catalyzes the hydrolysis of pseudosubstrates such as p-nitrocatechol sulfate and p-nitrophenyl sulfate. |
| SGSH | N-sulphoglucosamine sulphohydrolase | Catalyzes a step in lysosomal heparan sulfate degradation. |
| SLC26A1 | Sulfate anion transporter 1 | Sodium-independent sulfate anion transporter. |
| CARD14 | Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 14 | Acts as a scaffolding protein that can activate the inflammatory transcription factor NF-kappa-B and p38/JNK MAP kinase signaling pathways. |
| HGSNAT | Heparan-alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase | Lysosomal acetyltransferase that acetylates the non-reducing terminal alpha-glucosamine residue of intralysosomal heparin or heparan sulfate, converting it into a substrate for luminal alpha-N-acetyl glucosaminidase. |
| NAGLU | Alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase | Involved in the degradation of heparan sulfate. |
Protein-family classification
Druggable: 6 · Difficult: 1 · Unknown: 0 · Druggable fraction: 0.86
Family distribution
Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.
| Family | Genes | Fold | FDR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Phosphatase | 2 | 24.0× | 0.014 |
| Transporter | 1 | 11.1× | 0.184 |
| Enzyme (other) | 2 | 3.4× | 0.184 |
| Antibody/Immunoglobulin | 1 | 4.2× | 0.271 |
| Scaffold/PPI | 1 | 2.5× | 0.341 |
Per-gene assignment
| Symbol | Family | Druggable? | EC | InterPro (top 3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ARSK | Phosphatase | yes | 3.1.6.1 | Sulfatase_N, Alkaline_phosphatase_core_sf, ARSK |
| SGSH | Phosphatase | yes | 3.10.1.1 | Sulfatase_N, Alkaline_phosphatase_core_sf, Sulfatase_CS |
| SLC26A1 | Transporter | yes | SLC26A/SulP_fam, STAS_dom, SLC26A/SulP_dom | |
| CARD14 | Scaffold/PPI | no | CARD, PDZ, Guanylate_kin-like_dom | |
| HGSNAT | Enzyme (other) | yes | 2.3.1.78 | HGSNAT_cat |
| IDUA | Antibody/Immunoglobulin | yes | 3.2.1.76 | Glyco_hydro_39, Ig-like_fold, GH_hydrolase_sf |
| NAGLU | Enzyme (other) | yes | 3.2.1.50 | NAGLU, GH_hydrolase_sf, NAGLU_N |
Expression context
Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.
5 cohort genes are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.
Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)
| Bucket | Genes |
|---|---|
| narrow (1-5 tissues) | 0 |
| moderate (6-20) | 0 |
| broad (>20) | 7 |
| unknown | 0 |
Top tissues across cohort
| Tissue | Cohort genes |
|---|---|
| left adrenal gland cortex | 2 |
| mucosa of stomach | 2 |
| buccal mucosa cell | 1 |
| kidney epithelium | 1 |
| sperm | 1 |
| adrenal cortex | 1 |
| left adrenal gland | 1 |
| right adrenal gland cortex | 1 |
| right lobe of liver | 1 |
| lower esophagus mucosa | 1 |
| skin of abdomen | 1 |
| skin of leg | 1 |
| cervix squamous epithelium | 1 |
| right uterine tube | 1 |
| cerebellar cortex | 1 |
| cerebellar hemisphere | 1 |
| right hemisphere of cerebellum | 1 |
| body of pancreas | 1 |
| stromal cell of endometrium | 1 |
Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)
| Symbol | Bgee breadth | FANTOM5 breadth | SCXA | Top tissues |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ARSK | 237 | ubiquitous | marker | kidney epithelium, buccal mucosa cell, sperm |
| SGSH | 272 | ubiquitous | marker | left adrenal gland, left adrenal gland cortex, adrenal cortex |
| SLC26A1 | 156 | tissue_specific | yes | right adrenal gland cortex, left adrenal gland cortex, right lobe of liver |
| CARD14 | 179 | tissue_specific | yes | lower esophagus mucosa, skin of leg, skin of abdomen |
| HGSNAT | 287 | ubiquitous | marker | mucosa of stomach, right uterine tube, cervix squamous epithelium |
| IDUA | 209 | ubiquitous | marker | right hemisphere of cerebellum, cerebellar hemisphere, cerebellar cortex |
| NAGLU | 268 | ubiquitous | marker | stromal cell of endometrium, body of pancreas, mucosa of stomach |
Protein interactions among cohort
Intra-cohort edges: 6.
Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)
| Symbol | Interactor count |
|---|---|
| IDUA | 1,927 |
| CARD14 | 1,902 |
| SLC26A1 | 1,454 |
| NAGLU | 1,200 |
| SGSH | 1,151 |
| ARSK | 946 |
| HGSNAT | 863 |
Intra-cohort edges
| A | B | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| HGSNAT | IDUA | string_interaction |
| HGSNAT | NAGLU | string_interaction |
| HGSNAT | SGSH | string_interaction |
| IDUA | NAGLU | string_interaction |
| IDUA | SGSH | string_interaction |
| NAGLU | SGSH | string_interaction |
Structural data
PDB: 4 · AlphaFold-only: 3 · No structure: 0
Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)
| Symbol | UniProt | PDB entries |
|---|---|---|
| HGSNAT | Q68CP4 | 12 |
| IDUA | P35475 | 11 |
| SGSH | P51688 | 2 |
| NAGLU | P54802 | 1 |
AlphaFold-only cohort genes (top 30 by pLDDT)
| Symbol | UniProt | pLDDT |
|---|---|---|
| ARSK | Q6UWY0 | 91.50 |
| SLC26A1 | Q9H2B4 | 83.13 |
| CARD14 | Q9BXL6 | 75.89 |
Function
Pathway analysis
Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 32. Enrichment computed across 7 evidence-associated genes (6 with Reactome annotation).
Pathways by enrichment
Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 6 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.
| Pathway | Cohort genes | Fold | FDR | Sample cohort genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HS-GAG degradation | 4 | 331.0× | 6e-09 | SGSH, HGSNAT, IDUA, NAGLU |
| Glycosaminoglycan metabolism | 3 | 109.8× | 3e-05 | SGSH, SLC26A1, NAGLU |
| Mucopolysaccharidoses | 2 | 634.4× | 4e-05 | SGSH, NAGLU |
| Metabolism of carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivatives | 3 | 60.1× | 9e-05 | SGSH, SLC26A1, NAGLU |
| Diseases of carbohydrate metabolism | 2 | 271.9× | 1e-04 | SGSH, NAGLU |
| Heparan sulfate/heparin (HS-GAG) metabolism | 2 | 181.3× | 3e-04 | SGSH, NAGLU |
| MPS IIIB - Sanfilippo syndrome B | 1 | 1903.3× | 0.002 | NAGLU |
| MPS IIIC - Sanfilippo syndrome C | 1 | 1903.3× | 0.002 | HGSNAT |
| MPS I - Hurler syndrome (HS-GAG degradation) | 1 | 1903.3× | 0.002 | IDUA |
| MPS IIIA - Sanfilippo syndrome A | 1 | 1903.3× | 0.002 | SGSH |
| MPS I - Hurler syndrome (CS/DS degradation) | 1 | 1903.3× | 0.002 | IDUA |
| Metabolism | 4 | 7.7× | 0.002 | SGSH, SLC26A1, ARSK, NAGLU |
| Diseases of metabolism | 2 | 26.8× | 0.005 | SGSH, NAGLU |
| Transport and metabolism of PAPS | 1 | 271.9× | 0.008 | SLC26A1 |
| Inorganic anion exchange by SLC26 transporters | 1 | 211.5× | 0.010 | SLC26A1 |
| The activation of arylsulfatases | 1 | 146.4× | 0.014 | ARSK |
| CS/DS degradation | 1 | 90.6× | 0.020 | IDUA |
| Cytosolic sulfonation of small molecules | 1 | 86.5× | 0.020 | SLC26A1 |
| Gamma carboxylation, hypusinylation, hydroxylation, and arylsulfatase activation | 1 | 70.5× | 0.024 | ARSK |
| Glycosphingolipid metabolism | 1 | 50.1× | 0.031 | ARSK |
| Glycosphingolipid catabolism | 1 | 48.8× | 0.031 | ARSK |
| Phase II - Conjugation of compounds | 1 | 46.4× | 0.031 | SLC26A1 |
| Sphingolipid metabolism | 1 | 28.0× | 0.049 | ARSK |
| Biological oxidations | 1 | 21.6× | 0.058 | SLC26A1 |
| R-HSA-425393 | 1 | 21.6× | 0.058 | SLC26A1 |
| Disease | 2 | 4.4× | 0.088 | SGSH, NAGLU |
| SLC-mediated transmembrane transport | 1 | 9.9× | 0.115 | SLC26A1 |
| Metabolism of lipids | 1 | 5.3× | 0.201 | ARSK |
| Transport of small molecules | 1 | 4.2× | 0.238 | SLC26A1 |
| Neutrophil degranulation | 1 | 3.9× | 0.249 | HGSNAT |
GO biological processes by enrichment
Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 6 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.
| GO term | Cohort genes | Fold | FDR | Sample cohort genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| heparan sulfate proteoglycan catabolic process | 4 | 1248.3× | 4e-11 | SGSH, HGSNAT, IDUA, NAGLU |
| glycosaminoglycan catabolic process | 2 | 802.5× | 7e-05 | SGSH, IDUA |
| motor behavior | 2 | 187.2× | 0.001 | SGSH, NAGLU |
| determination of adult lifespan | 2 | 144.0× | 0.001 | SGSH, NAGLU |
| disaccharide metabolic process | 1 | 2808.7× | 0.003 | IDUA |
| heparin proteoglycan catabolic process | 1 | 2808.7× | 0.003 | IDUA |
| response to disaccharide | 1 | 2808.7× | 0.003 | NAGLU |
| rod bipolar cell differentiation | 1 | 1404.3× | 0.006 | NAGLU |
| ganglioside metabolic process | 1 | 702.2× | 0.008 | NAGLU |
| left ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis | 1 | 702.2× | 0.008 | NAGLU |
| dermatan sulfate proteoglycan catabolic process | 1 | 702.2× | 0.008 | IDUA |
| cone retinal bipolar cell differentiation | 1 | 702.2× | 0.008 | NAGLU |
| cytoplasm organization | 1 | 468.1× | 0.010 | NAGLU |
| heparin proteoglycan metabolic process | 1 | 468.1× | 0.010 | NAGLU |
| oxalate transport | 1 | 401.2× | 0.010 | SLC26A1 |
| glycosaminoglycan metabolic process | 1 | 401.2× | 0.010 | NAGLU |
| inner ear receptor cell development | 1 | 401.2× | 0.010 | NAGLU |
| mitral valve morphogenesis | 1 | 280.9× | 0.012 | NAGLU |
| activation of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase activity | 1 | 280.9× | 0.012 | CARD14 |
| retinal rod cell development | 1 | 280.9× | 0.012 | NAGLU |
| microglia differentiation | 1 | 255.3× | 0.012 | NAGLU |
| cerebellar Purkinje cell layer development | 1 | 255.3× | 0.012 | NAGLU |
| endothelium development | 1 | 216.1× | 0.013 | NAGLU |
| amyloid precursor protein metabolic process | 1 | 216.1× | 0.013 | NAGLU |
| sulfate transmembrane transport | 1 | 200.6× | 0.013 | SLC26A1 |
| collagen metabolic process | 1 | 175.5× | 0.013 | NAGLU |
| locomotor rhythm | 1 | 175.5× | 0.013 | NAGLU |
| superoxide metabolic process | 1 | 165.2× | 0.013 | NAGLU |
| astrocyte activation | 1 | 165.2× | 0.013 | NAGLU |
| obsolete vesicle tethering | 1 | 165.2× | 0.013 | NAGLU |
Therapeutics
Drugs indicated for this disease
3 approved, 1 in late-stage (phase 3) trials. Disease-direct ChEMBL indications, not inferred from the associated-gene cohort below.
| Drug | Development status |
|---|---|
| Elosulfase Alfa | Approved (phase 4) |
| Galsulfase | Approved (phase 4) |
| Laronidase | Approved (phase 4) |
| Vestronidase Alfa | Phase 3 (in late-stage trials) |
Earlier-phase candidates (phase 2, investigational — efficacy not yet established): Idursulfase, Somatropin.
Drug target analysis
Approved (phase 4): 0 · Phase ≥3: 0 · Phased (≥1): 0 · Undrugged: 7
Druggability breadth: 2 of 7 evidence-associated genes (29%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).
Top cohort targets by molecule count
| Symbol | Molecules | Max phase |
|---|---|---|
| ARSK | 0 | 0 |
| SGSH | 0 | 0 |
| SLC26A1 | 0 | 0 |
| CARD14 | 0 | 0 |
| HGSNAT | 0 | 0 |
| IDUA | 0 | 0 |
| NAGLU | 0 | 0 |
Bioactivity and enzyme data
Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 5.
Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)
| Symbol | Assays | Type breakdown |
|---|---|---|
| IDUA | 15 | Binding:15 |
| NAGLU | 4 | Binding:4 |
Cohort enzymes (BRENDA EC)
| Symbol | EC numbers | Names |
|---|---|---|
| ARSK | 3.1.6.1, 3.1.6.18 | arylsulfatase (type I), glucuronate-2-sulfatase |
| SGSH | 3.10.1.1 | N-sulfoglucosamine sulfohydrolase |
| HGSNAT | 2.3.1.78 | heparan-alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase |
| IDUA | 3.2.1.76 | L-iduronidase |
| NAGLU | 3.2.1.50 | alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase |
Pharmacogenomics
Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 7; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.
No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).
Chemical tractability of cohort targets
0 approved/phased compounds have measured bioactivity against a cohort gene (and aren’t yet in disease-level trials). This is a research / tractability signal, NOT a therapeutic recommendation — a bioactivity row often reflects off-target or screening binding (e.g. promiscuous kinase inhibitors against a cohort kinase), implying no disease mechanism.
Druggability pyramid
Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):
| Tier | Definition | Genes | Symbols |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | Approved (phase 4 drug) | 0 | |
| B | Phased (≥1) drug, not yet approved | 0 | |
| C | Druggable family + PDB, no drug | 4 | SGSH, HGSNAT, IDUA, NAGLU |
| D | Druggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug | 2 | ARSK, SLC26A1 |
| E | Difficult family or no structure, no drug | 1 | CARD14 |
Undrugged target profiles
7 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).
| Symbol | ChEMBL assays | Drugged partners (top 3) |
|---|---|---|
| ARSK | 0 | — |
| SGSH | 0 | — |
| SLC26A1 | 0 | — |
| CARD14 | 0 | — |
| HGSNAT | 0 | — |
| IDUA | 15 | — |
| NAGLU | 4 | — |
Clinical trials & evidence
Clinical trials
Clinical trials: 33.
Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| Not specified | 21 |
| PHASE2 | 4 |
| PHASE3 | 3 |
| PHASE1/PHASE2 | 3 |
| PHASE4 | 1 |
| PHASE2/PHASE3 | 1 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT05494593 | PHASE4 | WITHDRAWN | A Study of ELAPRASE in Treatment-naïve Participants With Hunter Syndrome (Mucopolysaccharidosis [MPS] II) |
| NCT00654433 | PHASE3 | TERMINATED | ALD-101 Adjuvant Therapy of Unrelated Umbilical Cord Blood Transfusion (UCBT) in Patients With Inherited Metabolic Diseases |
| NCT01238328 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Mucopolysaccharidosis |
| NCT02230566 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | A Phase 3 Study of UX003 Recombinant Human Betaglucuronidase (rhGUS) Enzyme Replacement Therapy in Patients With Mucopolysaccharidosis Type 7 (MPS 7) |
| NCT02432144 | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | A Study of UX003 Recombinant Human Beta-Glucuronidase (rhGUS) Enzyme Replacement Therapy in Subjects With Mucopolysaccharidosis Type 7, Sly Syndrome (MPS 7) |
| NCT01043640 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplant for Inherited Metabolic Disorders |
| NCT01155778 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Safety, Tolerability, Ascending Dose and Dose Frequency Study of rhHNS Via an IDDD in MPS IIIA Patients |
| NCT01474343 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Intracerebral Gene Therapy for Sanfilippo Type A Syndrome |
| NCT02053064 | PHASE1/PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Long-term Follow-up of Sanfilippo Type A Patients Treated by Intracerebral SAF-301 Gene Therapy |
| NCT02350816 | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | An Extension Study to Determine Safety and Efficacy for Pediatric Patients With MPS Type IIIA Disease Who Participated in Study HGT-SAN-093. |
| NCT02418455 | PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Study of UX003 Recombinant Human Beta-Glucuronidase (rhGUS) Enzyme Replacement Treatment in Mucopolysaccharidosis Type 7, Sly Syndrome (MPS 7) Patients Less Than 5 Years of Age |
| NCT03632213 | PHASE2 | UNKNOWN | Evaluation of Losartan on Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Mucopolysaccharidoses IV A and VI |
| NCT03047369 | Not specified | RECRUITING | The Myelin Disorders Biorepository Project |
| NCT03655223 | Not specified | ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION | Early Check: Expanded Screening in Newborns |
| NCT05063435 | Not specified | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Cardiovascular Structure and Function in the Mucopolysaccharidoses |
| NCT07136896 | Not specified | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Nutritional Assessment in Patient of Mucopolysaccharide |
| NCT07173010 | Not specified | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Pediatric Arthropathy Beyond Inflammation: Clinical Spectrum and Diagnostic Approach at Assiut University Children Hospital |
| NCT07449143 | Not specified | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Physical Activity Intervention for MPS |
| NCT01521429 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Longitudinal Study of Bone Disease in Children with Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) I, II, and VI |
| NCT01586871 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Carotid Structure and Function in MPS Syndromes: A Multicenter Study of the Lysosomal Disease Network |
| NCT01675674 | Not specified | TERMINATED | Study to Detect Unrecognized Mucopolysaccharidosis in Children Visiting Rheumatology, Hand or Skeletal Dysplasia Clinics |
| NCT01695161 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | Non-invasive Assessment of Intraocular Pressure in MPS by Use of the Ocular Response Analyzer. |
| NCT01822184 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Observational Study to Evaluate Neurodevelopmental Status in Pediatric Patients With Hunter Syndrome (MPS II) |
| NCT02095015 | Not specified | TERMINATED | Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) I, II, and VI Screening in a High-Risk Population With Previous Surgical Repair or Presence of Inguinal and/or Umbilical Hernia in Combination With Pediatric ENT Surgery (The HATT Project) |
| NCT02583152 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | New Imaging Technology to Assess Effect of Enzyme Replacment Therapy on Eye Disease Progession in Mucopolysacchardiosis |
| NCT02699190 | Not specified | COMPLETED | LeukoSEQ: Whole Genome Sequencing as a First-Line Diagnostic Tool for Leukodystrophies |
| NCT03017677 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | A Cross-specialty Collaboration Platform for Mucopolysaccharidosis Confirmative Diagnosis |
| NCT04112602 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Respiratory Cathepsins, Proteases Inhibitors and Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in Mucopolysaccharidosis |
| NCT04491747 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Assessment of Factors That Affected Respiratory Parameters in Mucopolysaccharidoses Patients |
| NCT04637646 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | Evaluation of Cardiac Affections in Patients With Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) in Assuit University Children Hospital (AUCH) |
| NCT05006222 | Not specified | COMPLETED | The Effect of Enzyme Replacement Therapy in Mucopolysaccharidosis |
| NCT05155488 | Not specified | COMPLETED | A Study to Improve the Awareness of Mucopolysaccharidosis Type II in Brazil |
| NCT05354219 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | Validation and Reliability of Iris Cameras in Mucopolysaccharidoses |
Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)
| Molecule | Max phase | Trials referencing |
|---|---|---|
| VESTRONIDASE ALFA | 4 | 3 |
| IDURSULFASE | 4 | 1 |
| RITUXIMAB | 4 | 1 |
| N-SULFOGLUCOSAMINE SULFOHYDROLASE RECOMBINANT | 2 | 1 |
Related Atlas pages
- Cohort genes: ARSK, SGSH, SLC26A1, CARD14, HGSNAT, IDUA, NAGLU
- Drugs: Vestronidase Alfa, Idursulfase, Rituximab