Myocardial ischemia

Summary

Myocardial ischemia (MONDO:0024644) is a disease with 190 GWAS associations across 37 studies and 951 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include clopidogrel, regadenoson anhydrous, and adenosine. A subtype of ischemic disease — broader associated-gene and molecular evidence is on the parent page (see Disease family below).

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 190
• Clinical trials: 951

Clinical features

No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

Field	Value
Canonical name	myocardial ischemia
Mondo ID	MONDO:0024644
EFO	EFO:1001375
MeSH	D017202
ICD-10-CM	I20-I25
ICD-11	1964269418
NCIT	C50625
SNOMED CT	414545008
UMLS	C0151744
MedGen	101801
Anatomy (UBERON)	UBERON:0002349
Is cancer (heuristic)	no

Also known as: disease, ischaemic heart · disease, ischemic heart · diseases, ischaemic heart · diseases, ischemic heart · heart disease, ischaemic · heart disease, ischemic · heart diseases, ischaemic · heart diseases, ischemic · IHD · ischaemic disease of myocardium · ischaemic heart disease · ischaemic heart diseases · ischemia, myocardial · ischemias, myocardial · ischemic disease of myocardium · ischemic heart disease · ischemic heart diseases · myocardial Ischemias · myocardium ischaemic disease · myocardium ischemic disease

Data availability: 190 GWAS associations (37 studies).

Disease family

This is a subtype of ischemic disease. Genetic, therapeutic, and trial evidence is largely curated at the broader-term level — see the parent page for the associated-gene cohort and molecular evidence.

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › cardiovascular disorder › vascular disorder › ischemic disease › myocardial ischemia

Related subtypes (5): limb ischemia, retinal ischemia, brain ischemia, ischemic bowel disorder, peripheral ischemia

Subtypes (1): acute coronary syndrome

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

190 GWAS associations across 37 studies. Top hits map to 1 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).

Top associations by p-value

rsID	p-value	Gene	Risk allele	Odds ratio
chr9:22103814	7e-135		G	0.17
chr6:160564494	1e-125		A	0.29
chr6:12903725	7e-42		G	0.09
chr1:109274968	4e-33		T	0.1
chr1:109278889	2e-31		G	0.09
chr19:44909976	1e-26		T	0.14
chr12:111446804	2e-23		C	0.07
chr19:11078371	3e-23		T	0.11
chr19:44908822	1e-21		?	0.15
chr19:11077441	6e-21		T	0.09
chr6:133851208	7e-21		G	0.07
chr12:111472415	9e-21		G	0.06
chr15:90884382	1e-18		A	0.06
chr15:78762558	2e-18		G	0.07
chr8:125492141	9e-18		C	0.06
chr21:34221526	9e-18		A	0.09
chr15:78773038	1e-17		C	0.06
chr2:202939682	2e-17		T	0.09
chr2:85537837	2e-17		T	0.06
chr7:150993088	3e-17		T	0.1
chr4:147478859	5e-17		G	0.08
chr1:56500678	8e-17		G	0.1
chr11:103802549	9e-17		C	0.06
chr6:160589086	3e-16		G	0.29
chr13:110170113	4e-16		A	0.1
chr9:22103342	5e-16		G	0.16
chr1:55039974	1e-15		T	0.22
chr7:19009765	1e-15		A	0.07
chr16:75270599	3e-15		AT	0.05
chr17:49384071	4e-15		A	0.06

Top studies (by case count)

Study	Lead author	Year	Cases	Controls	Title
GCST90473531	UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium	2025	61,137	397,303	Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants.
GCST90667964	UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium	2025	61,137	397,303	Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants.
GCST90473543	UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium	2025	51,010	407,430	Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants.
GCST90667875	UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium	2025	51,010	407,430	Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants.
GCST90691961	Karczewski KJ	2025	37,672	382,052	Pan-UK Biobank genome-wide association analyses enhance discovery and resolution of ancestry-enriched effects.
GCST90297607	Auwerx C	2024	37,143	280,020	Rare copy-number variants as modulators of common disease susceptibility.
GCST90297661	Auwerx C	2024	37,143	280,020	Rare copy-number variants as modulators of common disease susceptibility.
GCST90297710	Auwerx C	2024	37,143	280,020	Rare copy-number variants as modulators of common disease susceptibility.
GCST90297758	Auwerx C	2024	37,143	280,020	Rare copy-number variants as modulators of common disease susceptibility.
GCST90691963	Karczewski KJ	2025	31,198	382,052	Pan-UK Biobank genome-wide association analyses enhance discovery and resolution of ancestry-enriched effects.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

Tier distribution (top 50 variants)

Tier	Variants
Tier 1: coding	0
Tier 2: splice/UTR	0
Tier 3: regulatory	0
Tier 4: intronic/intergenic	50

MAF distribution

Bucket	Variants
common (>=0.05)	2
low_freq (0.01-0.05)	0
rare (<0.01)	0
unknown	48

Functional consequences

Consequence	Count
unknown	48
intron_variant	2

Top variants

rsID	Chr	Pos	Alleles	MAF	Consequence	Gene	p-value	Tier
chr9:22103814							7e-135	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr6:160564494							1e-125	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr6:12903725							7e-42	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr1:109274968							4e-33	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr1:109278889							2e-31	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr19:44909976							1e-26	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr12:111446804							2e-23	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr19:11078371							3e-23	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr19:44908822							1e-21	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr19:11077441							6e-21	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr6:133851208							7e-21	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr12:111472415							9e-21	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr15:90884382							1e-18	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr15:78762558							2e-18	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr8:125492141							9e-18	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr21:34221526							9e-18	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr15:78773038							1e-17	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr2:202939682							2e-17	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr2:85537837							2e-17	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr7:150993088							3e-17	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr4:147478859							5e-17	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr1:56500678							8e-17	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr11:103802549							9e-17	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr6:160589086							3e-16	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr13:110170113							4e-16	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr9:22103342							5e-16	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr1:55039974							1e-15	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr7:19009765							1e-15	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr16:75270599							3e-15	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic
chr17:49384071							4e-15	Tier 4: intronic/intergenic

Genes & proteins

No associated-gene cohort resolved for this disease. Atlas builds the molecular and therapeutic sections — associated genes, protein families, druggability, pathways, interactions, and drug associations — by aggregating over a disease’s associated genes (resolved via GWAS / GenCC / ClinVar / CIViC), and none resolved here. This is expected for antibody-mediated, autoimmune, or otherwise non-gene-defined conditions; the curated evidence for this disease is its clinical features, GWAS susceptibility, and clinical trials (above).

Function

No pathway enrichment — requires an associated-gene cohort.

Therapeutics

Drugs indicated for this disease

0 approved, 43 in late-stage (phase 3) trials. Disease-direct ChEMBL indications, not inferred from the associated-gene cohort below.

Drug	Development status
Adenosine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Alteplase	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Amlodipine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Ascorbic Acid	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Aspirin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Atenolol	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Calcium	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Chlorthalidone	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Cholestyramine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Clofibrate	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Clopidogrel	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Colestipol Hydrochloride	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Diltiazem	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Dipyridamole	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Doxazosin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Enalapril	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Enoxaparin Sodium	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Eptifibatide	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Ergocalciferol	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Estradiol	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Estrogens, Conjugated	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Heparin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Hyaluronidase	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Iohexol	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Irbesartan	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Isosorbide Dinitrate	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Lisinopril Anhydrous	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Lovastatin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Niacin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Nifedipine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Nitroglycerin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
OMEGA-3-ACID ETHYL ESTERS	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Pravastatin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Progesterone	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Propranolol	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Ramipril	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Ranolazine	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Simvastatin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Streptokinase	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Tamoxifen	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Vitamin E	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)
Warfarin	Phase 3 (in late-stage trials)

Earlier-phase candidates (phase 2, investigational — efficacy not yet established): Beta Carotene, Cyanocobalamin, Eleclazine, Epoetin Beta, Folic Acid, Gemfibrozil, Heme Arginate, Nitric Oxide, Oxygen, Ozone, Pyridoxine, Sodium Chloride.

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 951.

Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)

Phase	Trials
Not specified	651
PHASE3	102
PHASE4	73
PHASE2	65
PHASE1/PHASE2	21
PHASE1	20
PHASE2/PHASE3	12
EARLY_PHASE1	7

Top trials by phase / activity

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT05347069	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Efficacy and Safety of Aspirin in Patients With Chronic Coronary Syndromes Without Revascularization
NCT06421363	PHASE4	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Continuity of Care Between Primary Care Cardiology and Specialty Services for Patients With Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease
NCT06578234	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Hyperemic mYocardial Perfusion by adEnosine at diffeRent Doses
NCT00133328	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	A Morbidity-Mortality and Remodeling Study With Valsartan
NCT00139802	PHASE4	COMPLETED	DANish Multicenter STENT Trial
NCT00143195	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Amlodipine vs Nitrates Study in Patients With Chronic Stable Angina
NCT00149227	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Add-on Effects of Valsartan on Morbi- Mortality (KYOTO HEART Study)
NCT00150826	PHASE4	COMPLETED	QWISE - Study of Quinapril in Women With Chest Pain, Coronary Flow Reserve Limitations and Evidence of Myocardial Ischemia
NCT00175240	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Enhancing the Secondary Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease
NCT00187889	PHASE4	COMPLETED	EWISE: Study of Eplerenone in Women With Chest Pain, Coronary Vascular Dysfunction and Evidence of Myocardial Ischemia
NCT00296153	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Omacor and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in HIV Patients on HAART Treatment
NCT00375063	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study of Unprotected Left Main Stenting Versus Bypass Surgery (LE MANS Study)
NCT00388245	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Revascularization in Heart Failure Trial - REHEAT 2
NCT00404781	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effects of Optimized Antiplatelet Treatment After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
NCT00405717	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effects of Atorvastatin Versus Pravastatin on Platelet Inhibition by Clopidogrel
NCT00421252	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Role of Plavix in Hemorrhagic and Ischemic Complications of Catheterization.
NCT00476957	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Randomized Study Comparing Endeavor With Cypher Stents (PROTECT)
NCT00496938	PHASE4	COMPLETED	XIENCE V: SPIRIT WOMEN
NCT00565500	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Celecoxib, Ibuprofen and the Antiplatelet Effect of Aspirin
NCT00574847	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Responses of Myocardial Ischemia to Escitalopram Treatment
NCT00701220	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Statin Therapy for Ischemic and Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy
NCT00777166	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Cardiac Effects of Oxytocin Administrated During Cesarean Section, Signs of Myocardial Ischemia
NCT00798954	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Treatment of Bifurcation Lesions by SINGLE STENT and KISSing Balloon Trial
NCT00822536	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Optimal Duration of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Drug-eluting Stent Implantation
NCT00840775	PHASE4	COMPLETED	PIONIR Study (Presillion™ and Presillion™ Plus Stent Systems)
NCT00850486	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Diagnostic Benefits of HyperQTM vs. Conventional ECG Stress Test. Comparison of HyperQ vs. Stress ECG in Women Before Angiography
NCT00979199	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Integrated Cardiac Imaging in Ischemic Heart Disease
NCT01070420	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Comparison of Hyperemic Efficacy Between Central and Peripheral Adenosine Infusion for Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR) Measurement
NCT01106534	PHASE4	COMPLETED	XIENCE V® USA Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (DAPT) Cohort
NCT01144039	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Glutamate and Diastolic Function in Patients Undergoing Aortic Valve Repair
NCT01178268	PHASE4	COMPLETED	XIENCE V Everolimus Eluting Coronary Stent System (EECSS) China: Post-Approval Randomized Control Trial (RCT)
NCT01182428	PHASE4	COMPLETED	XIENCE V: SPIRIT WOMEN Sub-study
NCT01203696	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect of Amlodipine on Anti-platelet Drug Effect in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
NCT01221272	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect of Ranolazine on Myocardial Perfusion Assessed by Serial Quantitative Exercise SPECT Imaging
NCT01295567	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Can Dipyridamole Induce Protection Against Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in Patients Undergoing Elective Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)?
NCT01331902	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Comparison of Hyperemic Efficacy Between Nicorandil and Adenosine for Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR) Measurement
NCT01438723	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Metformin in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) (MetCAB) Trial
NCT01495520	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Ranolazine for Improving Symptoms of Palpitations
NCT01501110	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effects of N-acetylcysteine on Low T3 Syndrome
NCT01520025	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Multi-modality Imaging of Ischemia With 18F-FDG PET and CTA

Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)

Molecule	Max phase	Trials referencing
CLOPIDOGREL	4	15
REGADENOSON ANHYDROUS	4	10
ADENOSINE	4	7
RANOLAZINE	4	7
NIACIN	4	6
PROPRANOLOL	4	6
CHOLESTYRAMINE	4	4
DIPYRIDAMOLE	4	4
VALSARTAN	4	4
ATORVASTATIN	4	3
HEPARIN	4	3
IVABRADINE	4	3
LOVASTATIN	4	3
MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE	4	3
PRAVASTATIN	4	3
VITAMIN E	4	3
AMLODIPINE	4	2
ASPIRIN	4	2
ATENOLOL	4	2
CLOFIBRATE	4	2
COLESTIPOL HYDROCHLORIDE	4	2
DEXTROTHYROXINE SODIUM	4	2
ENOXAPARIN SODIUM	4	2
ESMOLOL	4	2
ESTRADIOL	4	2
ESTROGENS, CONJUGATED	4	2
MILRINONE	4	2
NESIRITIDE	4	2
PROGESTERONE	4	2
REMIFENTANIL	4	2