Nephritis
diseaseOn this page
Also known as inflammation of kidneykidney inflammation
Summary
Nephritis (MONDO:0001166) is a disease with 17 GWAS associations across 20 studies and 11 clinical trials. Top therapeutic interventions include azathioprine, baricitinib, and calcitriol. A subtype of kidney disorder — broader associated-gene and molecular evidence is on the parent page (see Disease family below).
At a glance
- GWAS associations: 17
- Clinical trials: 11
Clinical features
No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.
Identifiers
Disease identifiers
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Canonical name | nephritis |
| Mondo ID | MONDO:0001166 |
| EFO | EFO:1002050 |
| MeSH | D009393 |
| DOID | DOID:10952 |
| NCIT | C26833 |
| SNOMED CT | 52845002 |
| UMLS | C0027697 |
| MedGen | 14328 |
| Is cancer (heuristic) | no |
Also known as: inflammation of kidney · kidney inflammation
Data availability: 17 GWAS associations (20 studies).
Disease family
This is a subtype of kidney disorder. Genetic, therapeutic, and trial evidence is largely curated at the broader-term level — see the parent page for the associated-gene cohort and molecular evidence.
Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by body system or component › urinary system disorder › kidney disorder › nephritis
Related subtypes (56): renal hypertension, kidney failure, impaired renal function disease, nephrocalcinosis, atheroembolism of kidney, renal artery disease, nephrosis, cystic kidney disease, anuria, stricture or kinking of ureter, proteinuria, renal infectious disease, diabetes insipidus, orthostatic proteinuria, kidney hypertrophy, chronic kidney disease, hydronephrosis, renal tubular transport disease, kidney cortex necrosis, kidney papillary necrosis, perinephritis, renal aminoaciduria, autosomal dominant progressive nephropathy with hypertension, nephrolithiasis, X-linked diffuse leiomyomatosis-Alport syndrome, tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome, distal renal tubular acidosis, oligomeganephronia, duplication of urethra, renal tubular dysgenesis, exstrophy-epispadias complex, fetal lower urinary tract obstruction, IgG4-related kidney disease, congenital primary megaureter, renal nutcracker syndrome, renal hypoplasia, renal dysplasia, congenital megacalycosis, glomerular disorder, congenital renal artery stenosis, kidney neoplasm, renal tubule disorder, pyonephrosis, Arnold stickler bourne syndrome, C1q nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy, atypical Fanconi syndrome-neonatal hyperinsulinism syndrome, idiopathic non-lupus full-house nephropathy, lachiewicz sibley syndrome, crush syndrome, obstructive nephropathy, inherited kidney disorder, acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, kidney cortex disease, non-syndromic supernumerary kidneys, neonatal renal venous thrombosis
Subtypes (4): interstitial nephritis, glomerulonephritis, hereditary nephritis, pyelitis
Genetics & variants
GWAS landscape
17 GWAS associations across 20 studies. Top hits map to 11 distinct genes (as reported by GWAS).
Top associations by p-value
| rsID | p-value | Gene | Risk allele | Odds ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs7903146 | 4e-17 | TCF7L2 | C | 0.2 |
| rs35198068 | 2e-14 | TCF7L2 | T | 0.23 |
| rs186102603 | 4e-13 | CCDC146 | G | 2.54 |
| rs144836537 | 1e-12 | AUNIP | T | 3.63 |
| rs529129721 | 2e-12 | CCDC88A | G | 1.98 |
| rs4820227 | 2e-12 | MYH9 | C | 0.23 |
| rs544351756 | 5e-12 | RNU6-259P - LINC01941 | C | 2.87 |
| rs531193884 | 6e-12 | OTOL1 - TOMM22P6 | T | 3.12 |
| rs375156407 | 2e-11 | ATG7 | G | 3.62 |
| rs11642015 | 2e-11 | FTO | C | 0.17 |
| rs191639407 | 2e-11 | RPL17P45 - KC6 | C | 2.68 |
| rs79180036 | 2e-11 | SLC7A9 | C | 3.93 |
| rs561105513 | 4e-11 | RNF13, ANKUB1 | A | 2.24 |
| rs79224509 | 3e-09 | LINC02490 | ? |
Top studies (by case count)
| Study | Lead author | Year | Cases | Controls | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GCST90476115 | Verma A | 2024 | 4,253 | 442,584 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90474164 | UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium | 2025 | 2,619 | 455,821 | Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90476116 | Verma A | 2024 | 2,540 | 446,064 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90476114 | Verma A | 2024 | 1,703 | 118,429 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90480371 | Verma A | 2024 | 1,703 | 118,429 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90478517 | Verma A | 2024 | 1,690 | 447,649 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
| GCST90080574 | Backman JD | 2021 | 1,223 | 386,282 | Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90084560 | Backman JD | 2021 | 1,223 | 386,282 | Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants. |
| GCST90044230 | Jiang L | 2021 | 1,169 | 455,179 | A generalized linear mixed model association tool for biobank-scale data. |
| GCST90478515 | Verma A | 2024 | 1,047 | 119,861 | Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program. |
Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers
Tier distribution (top 50 variants)
| Tier | Variants |
|---|---|
| Tier 1: coding | 0 |
| Tier 2: splice/UTR | 0 |
| Tier 3: regulatory | 0 |
| Tier 4: intronic/intergenic | 14 |
MAF distribution
| Bucket | Variants |
|---|---|
| common (>=0.05) | 4 |
| low_freq (0.01-0.05) | 0 |
| rare (<0.01) | 9 |
| unknown | 1 |
Functional consequences
| Consequence | Count |
|---|---|
| intron_variant | 10 |
| intergenic_variant | 4 |
Top variants
| rsID | Chr | Pos | Alleles | MAF | Consequence | Gene | p-value | Tier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs7903146 | 10 | 112998590 | C>G,T | 0.292 | intron_variant | TCF7L2 | 4e-17 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs35198068 | 10 | 112995025 | T>C | 0.293 | intron_variant | TCF7L2 | 2e-14 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs186102603 | 7 | 77307720 | G>A | 0 | intergenic_variant | CCDC146 | 4e-13 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs144836537 | 1 | 25854505 | T>A | 0 | intron_variant | AUNIP | 1e-12 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs529129721 | 2 | 55414232 | G>A | 0.002 | intron_variant | CCDC88A | 2e-12 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs4820227 | 22 | 36308504 | C>A,G,T | 0.139 | intron_variant | MYH9 | 2e-12 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs544351756 | 2 | 125015004 | C>A | 0.001 | intergenic_variant | RNU6-259P - LINC01941 | 5e-12 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs531193884 | 3 | 162107108 | T>C | 0 | intergenic_variant | OTOL1 - TOMM22P6 | 6e-12 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs375156407 | 3 | 11483399 | G>A | 0.001 | intron_variant | ATG7 | 2e-11 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs11642015 | 16 | 53768582 | C>G,T | 0.33 | intron_variant | FTO | 2e-11 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs191639407 | 18 | 41130262 | C>T | 0.001 | intergenic_variant | RPL17P45 - KC6 | 2e-11 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs79180036 | 19 | 32836975 | C>A | 0 | intron_variant | SLC7A9 | 2e-11 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs561105513 | 3 | 149944008 | A>G | 0.001 | intron_variant | RNF13, ANKUB1 | 4e-11 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
| rs79224509 | 15 | 53175121 | A>G | intron_variant | LINC02490 | 3e-09 | Tier 4: intronic/intergenic |
Genes & proteins
No associated-gene cohort resolved for this disease. Atlas builds the molecular and therapeutic sections — associated genes, protein families, druggability, pathways, interactions, and drug associations — by aggregating over a disease’s associated genes (resolved via GWAS / GenCC / ClinVar / CIViC), and none resolved here. This is expected for antibody-mediated, autoimmune, or otherwise non-gene-defined conditions; the curated evidence for this disease is its clinical features, GWAS susceptibility, and clinical trials (above).
Function
No pathway enrichment — requires an associated-gene cohort.
Therapeutics
No druggable-target or therapeutic data for this disease’s cohort.
Clinical trials & evidence
Clinical trials
Clinical trials: 11.
Phase distribution (across all retrieved trials)
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| Not specified | 6 |
| PHASE2 | 2 |
| PHASE4 | 1 |
| PHASE2/PHASE3 | 1 |
| PHASE1 | 1 |
Top trials by phase / activity
| NCT | Phase | Status | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT00508898 | PHASE4 | WITHDRAWN | The Efficacy and Safety of Calcitriol for the Treatment of Lupus Nephritis and Persistent Proteinuria |
| NCT05686746 | PHASE2/PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Use of Baricitenib to Maintain of Remission |
| NCT04387448 | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | A Study of TRPC5 Channel Inhibitor in Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy, Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis, and Treatment-Resistant Minimal Change Disease |
| NCT04950114 | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | An Open-Label, Long-term Study of GFB-887 in Patients With Glomerular Kidney Diseases |
| NCT00818948 | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | Safety Study of AMG 811 in Subjects With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus With and Without Glomerulonephritis |
| NCT07469059 | Not specified | RECRUITING | Characterization of Renal Microvascular Alterations in Patients With Active Urinary Sediment and/or Proteinuria Using Ultrasound Localization Microscopy |
| NCT00301613 | Not specified | COMPLETED | Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) Versus Intravenous CTX Pulses in the Treatment of Adult Severe HSPN |
| NCT01172002 | Not specified | UNKNOWN | Leflunomide Versus Azathioprine for Maintenance Therapy of Lupus Nephritis |
| NCT03884400 | Not specified | WITHDRAWN | Distribution of Biospecimens From Biorepositories/Biobanks for Research Use |
| NCT04869462 | Not specified | COMPLETED | DS Titanium Ligation Clip in Urology (Prostatectomy and Nephrectomy) |
| NCT06872138 | Not specified | COMPLETED | S100A8 in Serum and Urine as a New Biomarker in Lupus Nephritis |
Drugs tested across these trials (top 30)
| Molecule | Max phase | Trials referencing |
|---|---|---|
| AZATHIOPRINE | 4 | 1 |
| BARICITINIB | 4 | 1 |
| CALCITRIOL | 4 | 1 |
| LEFLUNOMIDE | 4 | 1 |
| CHEMBL5427854 | 0 | 1 |
Related Atlas pages
- Drugs: Azathioprine, Baricitinib, Calcitriol, Leflunomide