Nephronophthisis 2

disease
On this page

Also known as INVS nephronophthisis (disease)nephronophthisis (disease) caused by mutation in INVSnephronophthisis 2, infantilenephronophthisis type 2NPH2NPHP2

Summary

Nephronophthisis 2 (MONDO:0011190) is a disease caused by INVS (GenCC Definitive), with 9 cohort genes.

At a glance

  • Prevalence: Unknown (Europe) [Orphanet-validated]
  • Causal gene: INVS (GenCC Definitive)
  • Cohort genes: 9
  • ClinVar variants: 292

Clinical features

No curated clinical features (Orphanet) for this disease.

Identifiers

Disease identifiers

FieldValue
Canonical namenephronophthisis 2
Mondo IDMONDO:0011190
MeSHC566582
OMIM602088
Orphanet93591
DOIDDOID:0111113
UMLSC1865872
MedGen355574
GARD0018182
Is cancer (heuristic)no

Also known as: INVS nephronophthisis (disease) · nephronophthisis (disease) caused by mutation in INVS · nephronophthisis 2 · nephronophthisis 2, infantile · nephronophthisis type 2 · NPH2 · NPHP2

Data availability: 292 ClinVar variants · 10 GenCC gene-disease records.

Disease family

Classification path: disease › human disease › disease by etiologic mechanism › disease of genetic or genomic mechanism › hereditary disease › autosomal genetic disease › autosomal recessive diseasenephronophthisisnephronophthisis 2

Related subtypes (17): nephronophthisis 1, nephronophthisis 3, nephronophthisis 4, nephronophthisis 7, nephronophthisis-like nephropathy 1, nephronophthisis 11, nephronophthisis 12, nephronophthisis 9, nephronophthisis 13, nephronophthisis 14, nephronophthisis 15, nephronophthisis 16, nephronophthisis 18, nephronophthisis 19, nephronophthisis 20, late-onset nephronophthisis, nephronophthisis-like nephropathy 2

Genetics & variants

GWAS landscape

No GWAS associations recorded — common-variant (GWAS) studies don’t cover this disease (typical for Mendelian / rare diseases). See the curated gene cohort and Mendelian overlap below.

Variant details and genetic-evidence tiers

ClinVar germline variants

292 retrieved; paginated sample, class counts are floors:

183 uncertain significance, 28 conflicting classifications of pathogenicity, 24 likely pathogenic, 18 pathogenic/likely pathogenic, 14 pathogenic, 11 likely benign, 9 benign/likely benign, 5 benign

ClinVarVariant (HGVS)GeneClassificationReview
2498123NM_014425.5(INVS):c.[796+5G>A;805_806del]Pathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
1067538NM_014425.5(INVS):c.2786+1G>AINVSPathogenic/Likely pathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
1069181NM_014425.5(INVS):c.497_512dup (p.His171fs)INVSPathogenic/Likely pathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
1179160GRCh37/hg19 9q31.1(chr9:103059178-103060312)INVSPathogenicno assertion criteria provided
11959NM_014425.5(INVS):c.1807C>T (p.Arg603Ter)INVSPathogenic/Likely pathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
11961NM_014425.5(INVS):c.2719C>T (p.Arg907Ter)INVSPathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
11962NM_014425.5(INVS):c.2695C>T (p.Arg899Ter)INVSPathogenic/Likely pathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
11963NM_014425.5(INVS):c.1453del (p.Gln485fs)INVSPathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
1252044NM_014425.5(INVS):c.753T>G (p.Tyr251Ter)INVSPathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
1355469NM_014425.5(INVS):c.1186C>T (p.Arg396Ter)INVSPathogenic/Likely pathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
1458571NM_014425.5(INVS):c.2501_2502del (p.Lys834fs)INVSPathogenic/Likely pathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
1459019NM_014425.5(INVS):c.1760del (p.Gln587fs)INVSPathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
2498124NM_014425.5(INVS):c.805_806del (p.Gln269fs)INVSPathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
2584431NM_014425.5(INVS):c.325C>T (p.Gln109Ter)INVSPathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
2751391NM_014425.5(INVS):c.2614C>T (p.Gln872Ter)INVSPathogenic/Likely pathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
2779386NM_014425.5(INVS):c.648G>A (p.Trp216Ter)INVSPathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
2783208NM_014425.5(INVS):c.1367del (p.Gly456fs)INVSPathogenic/Likely pathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
2793597NM_014425.5(INVS):c.2449dup (p.Glu817fs)INVSPathogenic/Likely pathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
2900307NM_014425.5(INVS):c.766C>T (p.Arg256Ter)INVSPathogenic/Likely pathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
2977398NM_014425.5(INVS):c.2225dup (p.Lys743fs)INVSPathogenic/Likely pathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
3019143NM_014425.5(INVS):c.1726C>T (p.Arg576Ter)INVSPathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
3020908NM_014425.5(INVS):c.833del (p.Asn278fs)INVSPathogenic/Likely pathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
3596174NM_014425.5(INVS):c.2160del (p.Ser721fs)INVSPathogenic/Likely pathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
4277275NM_014425.5(INVS):c.2790C>A (p.Tyr930Ter)INVSPathogeniccriteria provided, single submitter
567470NM_014425.5(INVS):c.2887C>T (p.Gln963Ter)INVSPathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
591520NM_014425.5(INVS):c.2786+2T>CINVSPathogenic/Likely pathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
660098NM_014425.5(INVS):c.1078+1G>AINVSPathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
690376NM_014425.5(INVS):c.1789C>T (p.Arg597Ter)INVSPathogenic/Likely pathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
834292NM_014425.5(INVS):c.2972C>G (p.Ser991Ter)INVSPathogenic/Likely pathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
974395NM_014425.5(INVS):c.1484G>A (p.Trp495Ter)INVSPathogeniccriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Genes & proteins

Mendelian disease overlap and somatic drivers

GenCC: 66 · Orphanet: 19 · OMIM-shared: 0 · Dual-evidence (GWAS+Mendelian): 0

GenCC gene–disease validity (cohort genes)

the Disease column is the GenCC-asserted condition — a cohort gene’s strongest validity may be for a related predisposition syndrome.

GeneClassificationInheritanceDiseaseRecords
ANKS6DefinitiveAutosomal recessivenephronophthisis 165
CEP83DefinitiveAutosomal recessivenephronophthisis 185
INVSDefinitiveAutosomal recessivenephronophthisis 25
NPHP3DefinitiveAutosomal recessivenephronophthisis10
NEK8StrongAutosomal recessivenephronophthisis 910
NEK9StrongAutosomal recessivenephronophthisis 914
TTC21BStrongAutosomal recessivenephronophthisis 128
ZNF423StrongAutosomal recessivenephronophthisis 149

Orphanet rare-disease linkage (cohort genes)

GeneOrphanet IDRare disease
INVSOrphanet:3156Senior-Loken syndrome
INVSOrphanet:93591Infantile nephronophthisis
TTC21BOrphanet:474Jeune syndrome
TTC21BOrphanet:93591Infantile nephronophthisis
NEK8Orphanet:294415Renal-hepatic-pancreatic dysplasia
NEK8Orphanet:730Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
NEK8Orphanet:93591Infantile nephronophthisis
ZNF423Orphanet:2318Joubert syndrome with oculorenal defect
ZNF423Orphanet:93591Infantile nephronophthisis
CEP83Orphanet:93591Infantile nephronophthisis
NEK9Orphanet:464366NEK9-related lethal skeletal dysplasia
NEK9Orphanet:64754Nevus comedonicus syndrome
ANKS6Orphanet:93591Infantile nephronophthisis
ANKS6Orphanet:93592Juvenile nephronophthisis
NPHP3Orphanet:294415Renal-hepatic-pancreatic dysplasia
NPHP3Orphanet:3032NPHP3-related Meckel-like syndrome
NPHP3Orphanet:3156Senior-Loken syndrome
NPHP3Orphanet:93589Late-onset nephronophthisis
NPHP3Orphanet:93591Infantile nephronophthisis

Cohort genes → proteins

9 cohort genes, 9 distinct canonical proteins.

Evidence partition

SubsetGenes
multi_evidence9

Cohort genes (full)

SymbolHGNCEnsemblUniProtNameEvidence
INVSHGNC:17870ENSG00000119509Q9Y283Inversingencc,clinvar
TTC21BHGNC:25660ENSG00000123607Q7Z4L5Tetratricopeptide repeat protein 21Bgencc,clinvar
NEK8HGNC:13387ENSG00000160602Q86SG6Serine/threonine-protein kinase Nek8gencc
ZNF423HGNC:16762ENSG00000102935Q2M1K9Zinc finger protein 423gencc
CEP83HGNC:17966ENSG00000173588Q9Y592Centrosomal protein of 83 kDagencc
NEK9HGNC:18591ENSG00000119638Q8TD19Serine/threonine-protein kinase Nek9gencc
ANKS6HGNC:26724ENSG00000165138Q68DC2Ankyrin repeat and SAM domain-containing protein 6gencc
NPHP3HGNC:7907ENSG00000113971Q7Z494Nephrocystin-3gencc
ERP44HGNC:18311ENSG00000023318Q9BS26Endoplasmic reticulum resident protein 44clinvar

Cohort function summary

Lead sentence per gene, UniProt-curated.

SymbolProtein nameFunction (lead sentence)
INVSInversinRequired for normal renal development and establishment of left-right axis.
TTC21BTetratricopeptide repeat protein 21BComponent of the IFT complex A (IFT-A), a complex required for retrograde ciliary transport and entry into cilia of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs).
NEK8Serine/threonine-protein kinase Nek8Required for renal tubular integrity.
ZNF423Zinc finger protein 423Transcription factor that can both act as an activator or a repressor depending on the context.
CEP83Centrosomal protein of 83 kDaComponent of the distal appendage region of the centriole involved in the initiation of primary cilium assembly.
NEK9Serine/threonine-protein kinase Nek9Pleiotropic regulator of mitotic progression, participating in the control of spindle dynamics and chromosome separation.
ANKS6Ankyrin repeat and SAM domain-containing protein 6Required for renal function.
NPHP3Nephrocystin-3Required for normal ciliary development and function.
ERP44Endoplasmic reticulum resident protein 44Mediates thiol-dependent retention in the early secretory pathway, forming mixed disulfides with substrate proteins through its conserved CRFS motif.

Protein-family classification

Druggable: 2 · Difficult: 3 · Unknown: 4 · Druggable fraction: 0.22

Family distribution

Cohort families vs a genome-wide background (hypergeometric, BH-FDR; fold = observed/expected). Counts kept; sorted by enrichment, so the catch-all Other/Unknown bucket no longer leads.

FamilyGenesFoldFDR
Kinase26.2×0.158
Scaffold/PPI23.8×0.184
Transcription factor10.9×0.847
Other/Unknown40.8×0.847

Per-gene assignment

SymbolFamilyDruggable?ECInterPro (top 3)
INVSScaffold/PPInoIQ_motif_EF-hand-BS, Ankyrin_rpt, Ankyrin_rpt-contain_sf
TTC21BOther/UnknownnoTPR-like_helical_dom_sf, TPR_rpt, TTC21A/TTC21B
NEK8KinaseyesReg_chr_condens, Prot_kinase_dom, Ser/Thr_kinase_AS
ZNF423Transcription factornoZnf_C2H2_type, Znf_C2H2_sf
CEP83Other/UnknownnoCentro_Cilium_Assembly
NEK9KinaseyesReg_chr_condens, Prot_kinase_dom, Ser/Thr_kinase_AS
ANKS6Scaffold/PPInoSAM, Ankyrin_rpt, SAM/pointed_sf
NPHP3Other/UnknownnoTPR-like_helical_dom_sf, TPR_rpt, P-loop_NTPase
ERP44Other/UnknownnoThioredoxin_domain, Thioredoxin-like_sf, ERp44_PDI_b_2

Expression context

Cohort genes with no expression data: 0.

8 cohort genes are a single-cell marker in ≥1 SCXA experiment.

Breadth distribution (Bgee present_calls)

BucketGenes
narrow (1-5 tissues)0
moderate (6-20)0
broad (>20)9
unknown0

Top tissues across cohort

TissueCohort genes
calcaneal tendon3
right uterine tube3
sural nerve2
cerebellar hemisphere2
left ovary2
adrenal tissue1
buccal mucosa cell1
left lobe of thyroid gland1
metanephros cortex1
biceps brachii1
cartilage tissue1
skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii1
tibia1
cerebellar cortex1
right hemisphere of cerebellum1
layer of synovial tissue1
superficial temporal artery1
decidua1
parotid gland1
type B pancreatic cell1

Per-gene tissue summary (top 30)

SymbolBgee breadthFANTOM5 breadthSCXATop tissues
INVS215ubiquitousyescalcaneal tendon, adrenal tissue, sural nerve
TTC21B179ubiquitousmarkerright uterine tube, calcaneal tendon, cerebellar hemisphere
NEK8196ubiquitousmarkerbuccal mucosa cell, metanephros cortex, left lobe of thyroid gland
ZNF423252broadmarkerskeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii, biceps brachii, cartilage tissue
CEP83233ubiquitousmarkerright uterine tube, calcaneal tendon, sural nerve
NEK9296ubiquitousmarkertibia, right uterine tube, left ovary
ANKS6202ubiquitousmarkercerebellar hemisphere, cerebellar cortex, right hemisphere of cerebellum
NPHP3254ubiquitousmarkersuperficial temporal artery, layer of synovial tissue, left ovary
ERP44297ubiquitousmarkertype B pancreatic cell, decidua, parotid gland

Protein interactions among cohort

Intra-cohort edges: 11.

Hub genes (top 10 by interactor count)

SymbolInteractor count
NEK92,341
ERP442,309
NPHP32,275
INVS2,099
CEP831,941
TTC21B1,588
ZNF4231,526
ANKS61,262
NEK8926

Intra-cohort edges

ABSources
ANKS6INVSstring_interaction
ANKS6NEK8biogrid_interaction, intact, string_interaction
ANKS6NEK9string_interaction
ANKS6NPHP3string_interaction
INVSNEK8string_interaction
INVSNEK9string_interaction
INVSNPHP3string_interaction
NEK8NEK9biogrid_interaction
NEK8NPHP3string_interaction
NEK8ZNF423string_interaction
NEK9NPHP3string_interaction

Structural data

PDB: 6 · AlphaFold-only: 3 · No structure: 0

Cohort genes with PDB structures (top 30)

SymbolUniProtPDB entries
ERP44Q9BS265
TTC21BQ7Z4L53
NEK9Q8TD192
ZNF423Q2M1K91
ANKS6Q68DC21
NPHP3Q7Z4941

AlphaFold-only cohort genes (top 30 by pLDDT)

SymbolUniProtpLDDT
NEK8Q86SG685.23
CEP83Q9Y59281.90
INVSQ9Y28370.76

Function

Pathway analysis

Distinct Reactome pathways touched by cohort: 17. Enrichment computed across 9 evidence-associated genes (6 with Reactome annotation).

Pathways by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 6 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

PathwayCohort genesFoldFDRSample cohort genes
Trafficking of myristoylated proteins to the cilium1380.7×0.036NPHP3
Activation of NIMA Kinases NEK9, NEK6, NEK71237.9×0.036NEK9
Nuclear Envelope Breakdown176.1×0.055NEK9
Transcriptional regulation of brown and beige adipocyte differentiation by EBF2163.4×0.055ZNF423
Mitotic Prophase161.4×0.055NEK9
Nuclear Pore Complex (NPC) Disassembly151.4×0.055NEK9
Intraflagellar transport133.4×0.070TTC21B
Hedgehog ‘off’ state129.7×0.070TTC21B
Anchoring of the basal body to the plasma membrane118.8×0.092CEP83
Cilium Assembly118.1×0.092CEP83
EML4 and NUDC in mitotic spindle formation115.5×0.097NEK9
Mitotic Prometaphase111.5×0.106NEK9
Organelle biogenesis and maintenance111.0×0.106CEP83
M Phase111.0×0.106NEK9
Cell Cycle, Mitotic18.0×0.134NEK9
Cell Cycle16.0×0.165NEK9
Neutrophil degranulation13.9×0.234ERP44

GO biological processes by enrichment

Over-representation of cohort genes vs the genome-wide background (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR; fold = observed/expected over 9 annotated cohort genes). Counts and members are kept as ground-truth; sorted by enrichment.

GO termCohort genesFoldFDRSample cohort genes
determination of left/right symmetry385.1×3e-04NEK8, ANKS6, NPHP3
kidney development346.8×9e-04INVS, ANKS6, NPHP3
protein localization to cilium289.2×0.003TTC21B, ZNF423
cilium assembly324.5×0.003TTC21B, CEP83, NPHP3
determination of intestine left/right asymmetry11872.4×0.005NPHP3
determination of stomach left/right asymmetry11872.4×0.005NPHP3
protein localization to ciliary inversin compartment11872.4×0.005INVS
convergent extension involved in gastrulation1936.2×0.007NPHP3
regulation of intraciliary retrograde transport1936.2×0.007TTC21B
convergent extension1624.1×0.010NPHP3
protein localization to non-motile cilium1468.1×0.011TTC21B
determination of pancreatic left/right asymmetry1374.5×0.011NPHP3
maintenance of animal organ identity1374.5×0.011NPHP3
regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway1374.5×0.011NPHP3
determination of liver left/right asymmetry1312.1×0.011NPHP3
ureter development1312.1×0.011NPHP3
negative regulation of eating behavior1312.1×0.011TTC21B
negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway226.2×0.011INVS, NPHP3
Wnt signaling pathway222.2×0.011INVS, NPHP3
regulation of hippo signaling1267.5×0.012NEK8
atrial septum development1234.1×0.012NPHP3
forebrain dorsal/ventral pattern formation1234.1×0.012TTC21B
kidney morphogenesis1208.1×0.013NPHP3
establishment of centrosome localization1187.2×0.014CEP83
heart development217.5×0.014NEK8, ANKS6
Bergmann glial cell differentiation1170.2×0.014TTC21B
epithelial cilium movement involved in determination of left/right asymmetry1144.0×0.016NPHP3
glycoprotein metabolic process1124.8×0.017ERP44
intraciliary retrograde transport1124.8×0.017TTC21B
cerebellar Purkinje cell differentiation1117.0×0.018TTC21B

Therapeutics

Drug target analysis

Approved (phase 4): 1 · Phase ≥3: 1 · Phased (≥1): 1 · Undrugged: 8

Druggability breadth: 3 of 9 evidence-associated genes (33%) have a ChEMBL target (buckets above are over the deeply-mined display cohort).

Genes with an approved drug

The molecule shown is one approved compound that hits the gene — not necessarily a drug of choice or one indicated for this disease.

SymbolExample approved molecule
NEK9MOMELOTINIB

Top cohort targets by molecule count

SymbolMoleculesMax phase
NEK9214
INVS00
TTC21B00
NEK800
ZNF42300
CEP8300
ANKS600
NPHP300
ERP4400

Drugs targeting cohort genes (top 30)

MoleculeMax phaseTargets in cohort
MOMELOTINIB4NEK9
FEDRATINIB4NEK9
DABRAFENIB4NEK9
PACRITINIB4NEK9
FOSTAMATINIB4NEK9
CRIZOTINIB4NEK9
DOVITINIB3NEK9
LESTAURTINIB3NEK9
FORETINIB2NEK9
REBASTINIB2NEK9
DANUSERTIB2NEK9
R-4062NEK9
ENMD-20762NEK9
AT-92832NEK9
MILCICLIB2NEK9
BMS-7548072NEK9
GSK-4613641NEK9
KW-24491NEK9
XL-0191NEK9
CYC-1161NEK9
AST-4871NEK9

Bioactivity and enzyme data

Enzyme cohort genes (≥1 EC): 0.

Cohort genes with ChEMBL bioactivity (full, sorted by assay count)

SymbolAssaysType breakdown
NEK9254Binding:254
NEK837Binding:37
ERP441Binding:1

Cohort genes with high screening signal

≥100 ChEMBL assays — a studied-ness signal; see Therapeutics for approved-drug status.

SymbolChEMBL assays
NEK9254

Pharmacogenomics

Cohort genes with a PharmGKB record: 9; with CPIC/DPWG dosing guidelines: 0.

No cohort gene has a CPIC/DPWG genotype-guided dosing guideline (PharmGKB).

Chemical tractability of cohort targets

21 approved/phased compounds have measured bioactivity against a cohort gene (and aren’t yet in disease-level trials). This is a research / tractability signal, NOT a therapeutic recommendation — a bioactivity row often reflects off-target or screening binding (e.g. promiscuous kinase inhibitors against a cohort kinase), implying no disease mechanism.

CompoundMax phaseCohort target (bioactivity)
MOMELOTINIB4NEK9
FEDRATINIB4NEK9
DABRAFENIB4NEK9
PACRITINIB4NEK9
FOSTAMATINIB4NEK9
CRIZOTINIB4NEK9
DOVITINIB3NEK9
LESTAURTINIB3NEK9
FORETINIB2NEK9
REBASTINIB2NEK9
DANUSERTIB2NEK9
R-4062NEK9
ENMD-20762NEK9
AT-92832NEK9
MILCICLIB2NEK9
BMS-7548072NEK9
GSK-4613641NEK9
KW-24491NEK9
XL-0191NEK9
CYC-1161NEK9
AST-4871NEK9

Druggability pyramid

Cohort genes binned by druggability tier (high → low):

TierDefinitionGenesSymbols
AApproved (phase 4 drug)1NEK9
BPhased (≥1) drug, not yet approved0
CDruggable family + PDB, no drug0
DDruggable family + AlphaFold only, no drug1NEK8
EDifficult family or no structure, no drug7INVS, TTC21B, ZNF423, CEP83, ANKS6, NPHP3, ERP44

Undrugged target profiles

8 cohort genes are undrugged. Ranked by ‘starting-point quality’ (assay depth + drugged-partner adjacency).

SymbolChEMBL assaysDrugged partners (top 3)
ANKS60NEK9
NPHP30NEK9
INVS0
TTC21B0
NEK837
ZNF4230
CEP830
ERP441

Clinical trials & evidence

Clinical trials

Clinical trials: 0.